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Israel's Southern Arava region has experienced a boom in solar infrastructure development since 2011. Public acceptance of renewable energy installations is key to their successful implementation. The objective of this paper is to understand the level of acceptance of solar installations among Southern Arava communities and identify the factors that contributed to the widespread implementation of solar infrastructure in the region. Surveys and semi-structured interviews were distributed to five local kibbutz communities and local solar developers to gauge their attitudes about renewable technology in general and their acceptance of solar installations in their community. The results point to strong acceptance of solar technology in this region. Several factors contributed to this high level of support including kibbutz co-ownership of solar assets, transparent communication between stakeholders, and the kibbutz decision-making structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundwater resources in many regions of the world are becoming increasingly depleted and salinized. With many aquifers straddling political boundaries, on-going depletion presents both a flashpoint for conflict and an opportunity for cooperation. A salient example is that of transboundary groundwater resources in the Jordan Valley. These are shared among Israeli, Jordanian and Palestinian residents. Here we describe a collaborative project aiming to develop a desalination system for use by Palestinian farmers in the West Bank. Students have collaborated across borders in a programme of training and research, in which they have constructed desalination prototypes. These are based on a simple but efficient batch-reverse osmosis (RO) technology that incorporates energy recovery and brine recirculation to achieve 70%-76% recovery and specific energy consumption <1.3 kWh/m3. The technology can be solar powered with minimal PV footprint. Being built almost entirely from offthe- shelf parts, the system is readily implemented with levels of engineering expertise available in many areas of the world. To test and upscale the technology, and to propagate the knowledge about it, it is being trialled at centres in the UK, Israel and soon in Palestine. It is concluded that the project demonstrates a valuable approach in regions facing transboundary groundwater challenges, and that further learning resources should be developed for free access to foster collaboration across borders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]