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Molecular geometry for (C4H2N2)3, (C4H2N2)3-P, (C4H2N2)3-Al, (C4H2N2)3-As, (C4H2N2)3-B, (C4H2N2)3-C and (C4H2N2)3-In nanoclusters was accomplished in Gaussian 09 sophisticated algorithms at 3-21G basis set and the hybrid function (P3LYP). Also electrostatic potential surfaces (HOMO, SOMO and LUMO), infrared spectra, shell system orbitals and point group symmetries were originated with the same basis sets. Calculations of individual atoms, dipole moment in Debye, electronegativity, electrophilicity, hardness and softness have been also achieved. The nanocluster (C4H2N2)3-C has anti- ferromagnetic properties, one can say it stands for open shell system. Addition the atoms (phosphorus, aluminum, arsenic, boron, carbon and indium to (C4H2N2)3 nanocluster weaken the value of dipole moment. Electronegativity magnitudes demonstrate that (C4H2N2)3 behave as a donor in (C4H2N2)3-P, (C4H2N2)3-As, (C4H2N2)3-C, but it has an acceptor behavior in (C4H2N2)3-Al, (C4H2N2)3-B, (C4H2N2)3-In. Aluminum has hardness (0.73589445 eV), while (C4H2N2)3 has hardness (1.87626555 eV), therefore in the compound (C4H2N2)3-Al, aluminum consider as soft base, but (C4H2N2)3 behaves like a hard acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here in this article, I am going to discuss the bandgap modulation in Polythopic based systems. This is an examination on the basic and electronic properties of those sytems which are polythiophene and polypyrrole based. What's more, the investigation depends on first-standards figurings in occasional and oligomer structures. The bandgap balance through the replacement and the bilayer is likewise a matter of this. Here Se is the substitution of S, and the polythiophene is in the Te. It is prompting polyselephene and polytellurophene, separately. P is another substitution of N in polypyrrole. It is a finished report which can understand tentatively. Accordingly, these qualities propose the framework by acquiring the mixing vitality. The straight concealment of bandgap drove by the stacking of unadulterated things, for example, polythiophene, polypyrrole, and different subsidiaries. Or on the other hand, the other capacity of this stacking is the HOMO-LUMO hole. Blended bilayers are likewise viewed as here where polythiophene on head of polypyrrole additionally shaped. A wide bandgap range can discover toward the end through the replacements and the stacking. A similar pattern will likewise recommend by the mixture (B3LYP) counts in bandgap like PBE estimations. In both occasional and atomic estimations, the mixing vitality of examples is the equivalent. In addition, for checking the solidness of those chose frameworks, I played out a Γ-point phonon count. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the rapid changes of technologies, it is also important to deal with new approaches in the field of learning. This study will use the augmented reality technology and interactive book to identify the benefits of augmented reality in learning enhancement and to measure the comprehension level of students to determine whether augmented reality is a powerful tool to enhance the learning process in Iraqi colleges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pressures on the transportation industry are facing: about exhausted fossil fuels, about the strict environmental policies applied to internal combustion engines installed on vehicles. These challenges have forced engine manufacturers to improve engine design to use alternative fuels such as biofuels. However, an inherent problem with the diesel engine is the existence of deposits in the combustion chamber. The deposits became even more serious when the new generation diesel engines switched to using biofuels. Indeed, the increase in the amount of deposits in the diesel engine combustion chamber is proportional to engine durability and noxious emissions such as HC and NOx. Studies of combustion chamber deposits were carried out very early in the year when diesel engines became a common vehicle for transportation. As a result, studies on the mechanism of deposits formation and development in combustion chambers have been discussed and tested by researchers and engine designers, also assessments both in numerical and experimental simulations on real engines. However, the published results of the formation mechanism, properties and influencing factors of combustion chamber deposits in diesel engine using biodiesel are still quite sporadic and inconsistent. Therefore, this paper focuses on highlighting and clarifying the reviews on the basic mechanisms that form deposits in the combustion chamber of diesel engines as well as engines using biodiesel fuel. The author also analyzes in detail the factors that affect the operating conditions, fuel components and lubricants on the characteristics and durability of biofuel diesel engines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A theoretical model for charge transfer reaction at molecule metal interface has developed. Many solvents for charge transfer media used to knowing and discussion the effect of polarity media on flow transfer. HATNA and HATNA-CI6 molecules using to contact with Cu metal. The theoretical model discussion the mechanism of charge transfer in two system. HATNA- CI6/Cu interface show large flow charge transfer compare with HATNA /Cu. The flow charge rate increases with increases strength coupling and driving force energy and decreasing with increases transition energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Titania nanotubes thin films have been prepared by electrochemical anodization of Ti foil at room temperature, then PdNPs and PtNPs doped on TiO2 nanotube arrays at different deposition ratios (0.3, 0.5wt%) were carried out by electroless deposition. The mean size, shape, elemental composition of the titanium dioxide nanotubes and platinum deposited on it were evaluated by different techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD),and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) techniques. From the results indicate, these tubes are well aligned and organized into high-density uniform arrays. The SEM diameters of these TiO2 nanotubes 79 nm and tube lengths are about in the range 2-4 µm, while the diameters forPdNPs\TiO2NT and PtNPs\TiO2NT range from (84 to 102) nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept main of paper is to connected between two definitions pre-open sets and g-open sets in the topological spaces is called Hpre-open sets, study restudy relations them, also present a new definitions, namely Hpre-continous, Hpre-open functions, Hpre-closed functions and have proved some theorems about these concept. Finally, we have present the definitions and results of separation axioms by Hpre-open sets,namely Hpre - T1 spaces , Hpre - T2 spaces and studied some of its applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical content of the date palm trees was estimated by the phoenix dactylifera L and its vital efficiency. The percentage of moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrates, ash and fiber was 84.79, 3.062, 0.82, 8.26, 0.960 and 5.20% respectively, and its high content of important mineral elements For human health, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sodium, sulfur, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, lead, zinc were observed in different concentrations. The presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, sapphones and phenols was found to be 45.97 mg / g and flavonoids 0.099 mg / g and tannins 18.02%. The sugars were separated and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and found to contain high fructose, 70, 38.15, and 10.604 respectively. Fatty acids were identified using the GC gas chromatography device for gammar oil containing Palmitoleic acid, Linoleic acid and Linoleinc acid, respectively. Acid Oleic was the highest form and reached 50.59%. Vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin C and Folic acid were found to be 0.5208, 0.5201, 0.1020 and 0.1790 ppm, respectively. The percentage of inhibition of cancer cells derived from the fibroblasts of the L20B mice using the extract never differed at the concentration of 500 mg / mL, with the highest percentage Inhibition of 10,000 mg / ml concentration of 10.26% after 24 hours, the inhibition ratio of the extract ranged between 4.49-10.26 %% after 24 hours of exposure. The toxic effect of the extract was observed after 24 hours of exposure to the cancer cell line Mcf7, Where the toxic effect of this crude extract was 500 mg / ml. The percentage of inhibiting the cells was 83.05%. This percentage increases with increasing concentration compared with control group after 24 hours of exposure. There were also a few differences when using different concentrations and single incremental times. The results showed an increase in the ratio to high concentration with the highest concentration of 10000 mg / ml concentration of 83.79%. The rate of inhibition was 83.79, 83.62, 83.58, 83.55, 83.34 and 83.05% at the concentrations of 10000, 5000, 2500, 1250, 1000 and 500 mg / ml, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are designed eight novel organic dyes with D-π-A. These colors comprise of electron-benefactor (quercetin) and electron-acceptor/securing (cyanoacrylic) associated by the n-conjugated linker as an electron spacer. By utilizing the thickness useful hypothesis (DFT) and time-subordinate DFT (TD-DFT) techniques with B3LYP utilitarian and 6-31G(d,p) premise set to examine some natural atoms by considering the retention range, the electronic states change, electronical properties, and the scope of the ingestion range. The improvement of the quercetin color is finished by the diverse linker expansion and same electron-acceptor where the assimilation gets higher than that of the first color and furthermore the vitality progress becomes lower in the DSSCs that utilization TiO_2 as a gatherer charge. Was concentrate additionally the impact of Ti(OH)4 on these colors.The vitality holes of these planned colors (inside 2.25-3.35 eV) are littler than that of quercetin color. Our outcomes are valuable for a superior comprehension of the structure rule of quercetin based natural colors for future DSSDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a food chain mathematical model with toxin and harvesting was proposed and analysis. All the species release toxins as defense. The prey species adhere to the law of logistic growth. The model is acclimatized from version of the classic Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model. In the model equilibrium points were identified. The conditions which guarantee the local stability are found. Utilizing Appropriate lyapunove functions to study the global dynamics of the model. At last, numerical simulations for different of parameters and initial condition are done to look at the effect of parameters on the dynamical behavior of the model and support the obtained sensible results of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a food web mathematical model consists from stage structure prey – predator model with toxin and harvesting was proposed and analyzed. Prey species is exposed directly some kind of toxic substance from environment, while first predator and top predator species exposed the toxic through the feeding; the prey follows the logistic growth law. In this model, the first predator consumes the immature and mature prey according to Holling type-II functional response, while the top predator consumes the first predator by Lotka-Volterra. The equilibrium points of this model are calculated. The conditions which guarantee the local stability are found. Lyapunov function was used for studying model global dynamics. Finally, to confirm our analytic results numerical simulations are used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data Deduplication is defined as an elimination process of redundant duplicated data; this process is stratified by using a unique value that been represented by a chunk of data, which is referenced by the original file that contains this chunk. Data Deduplication techniques have been mainly applied in the cloud-based systems in order to decrease the space size of the data storage, and enhance the connection bandwidth. In this paper, we have introduced a data deduplication optimization technique that been applied to the data storage of cloud-based systems. The proposed technique optimizes data deduplication by implementing Source-Based and In-Line based techniques. The Source-Based method is stratified at the source that contains the data, on the other hand, the In-Line method is stratified at the RAM that contains the data momentarily before the writing process of the I/O. Moreover, the proposed technique applies a Content-Based chunking algorithm with Variable Chunking utilization by using Rabin Karp Rolling Hash (RKRH). RKRH is a data chunking algorithm that breaks data files into different segments sizes. Generally, the proposed technique process is based on calculating the hash value of data chunk which considered as a fingerprint. Afterward, the chunk availability process is applied in order to identify the existence of this chunk in the storage; therefore, if this chunk does not exist in the storage a reference to this chunk is added and store the hash value as a key in the storage. The proposed technique includes data chunk compression to reduce the data redundancy in the same chunk. Practically, the proposed technique provides a data deduplication ratio of 33 percent and an average upload latency of five seconds. Finally, the proposed approach utilized with any data file type as a byte stream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current research, it is explained the optical properties of both cases doped and undoped graphene nanoribbons. These properties depend critically on a number and type of impurity are founded in the ribbon (the width and the nature of the ribbon edge are constants). Finally, the calculation has involved optical properties of all paradigms such as geometrical structure, HOMO, LUMO, total energy, Fermi level energy, binding energy, work function, polarizability and hyperpolarizability respectively of each the structures studied. Herein, the both 8Al-GNR and 8P-GNR are the highest reactivity structures among all specimens (viz 1046.008 and 1035.1623 a.u) respectively. The results elucidate that the first hyperpolarizabilities of GNRs paradigms before and after doped were 0.0354 esu and 2855.87 esu, respectively. The results bring to light that the effect of contaminations is to greatly increase the hyperpolarizability value. The high values of polarizability and hyperpolarizability exhibit that the paradigms have very useful linear and nonlinear optical implementation as well as , the computation has included of the values of wavelength of maximum emission , vertical excited of energy , oscillator strength , optical energy gap , and cases of major electronic transition, where each studied paradigms were simulated using TD-DFT with B3LYP/6-31G (d, p). Interestingly, the optical band gap was evaluated of pristine GNRs and found equal to 0.6256 eV. Whereas, the value of doping in GNR can be noted that the band gaps are sometimes shrinks and other times expands. These values are determined between (0.1018 eV to 1.276 eV) for paradigms 2Al-GNR and 4P-GNR respectively. Finally, the band gaps cover a wide range of values and thus allows it to be used widespread in optical and electronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MRI images are the most important tool for early detection of brain tumor. Tumor and cancer are a harmful and death-defying disease for human life. In this paper a proposed system deals with medical MRI for classifying input digital image into normal or abnormal tumors, also the type of abnormal case that refers to the existence of brain tumors is also diagnosed into benign tumor or malignant tumor. The proposed brain tumor classification system is based on using SIFT descriptor for extracting useful MRI features for diagnosis medical MRI images. The benefits of using SIFT is nevertheless of the image brightness or rotation of the MRI image, it also provides huge number of strong features that can be prepared well to be suitable for MRI classification. Two classification levels are adopted: the first is uses Naïve Bays classifier to detect the tumor and examine the considered case if it is normal or abnormal (i.e. tumor). Whereas, the second level uses J48 classifier to diagnosis the abnormal case detected in the first level into Malignant cancer or Benign. Frequent tests based on using cross validation technique are carried out, results of applying the first Naïve Bays classifier showed 98.9% accuracy for detecting the tumor, while the second J48 classifier showed an accuracy of 100%. This indicates that the developed tumor detection and classification is a robust due to the use of SIFT features when applied on a set of training images representing the typical tumor cases, which ensure the success of the classification system and correct path of the computations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose the lasso method for choice of penalty level and investigate the error of the lasso estimator in repeated measurements model. We introduce our repeated measurements model with its expectation error and its derivative. we investigate the choice of level the penalty parameter for the lasso estimator which plays important role in investigation the lasso estimator and also show that with high probability, the random variable is very close to its expectation. Lastly, we investigate the error of lasso estimator and conclude that with high probability the lasso estimator will pick out most of the important variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper describes the mathematical model to investigate current covid-19 outbreak through close contact between infected people and other people but sometimes the infected people could show two cases; the first is symptomatic and the other is asymptomatic (carrier) as the source of the risk. Due to transmission characteristics of COVID-19, we can divide the individuals into 4 classes; 1st one describe the individuals that susceptible, 2nd one refers to carrier individuals (asymptomatic), 3rd one is infected ones and the 4th one is individuals that recovered. Model solutions for uniqueness, boundless and existence are discussed. Determination for all possible model equilibrium points was done. R as number for basic reproduction was utilized for model stability; if R0 < 1 the virus free equilibrium is locally stable asymptotically, but if R0 >1 the endemic equilibrium is locally stable asymptotically. Further, we conduct a detailed analysis of this model numerically by presenting many graphical results and detect the influence of parameters variation of how the disease spreads. our result indicate that the effect corona virus infection would remain endemic, which necessitates long-term disease prevention and intervention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In almost all measurements of the fluid flowing in pores media, relative permeability data is essential. Relative permeability curves have an important role in describing two-phase flow in porous media and estimating of immiscible displacement processes efficiency. Calculations of relative permeability are usually derived from laboratory tests utilizing core samples, or from capillary pressure test data. There are several approaches utilized for estimating the relative permeability utilizing the drainage or imbibition capillary pressure curve. In this study, different approaches utilized to measure the oil-water relative permeability from experimental capillary pressure data. The Corey relative permeability model generally accepted as a method for measuring relative permeability curves utilizing capillary pressure data. In this study, the analytical solution relative permeability model was found to be best appropriate model to the experimental wetting and non-wetting-phase relative permeability data. The variations between experimental relative permeability and analytical solution model were almost insignificant in both wetting and non-wetting phases. Measurement of relative permeabilities utilizing the analytical solution model and Corey model for the nonwetting-phase were very similar to the experimental measurements other than the Rose and Bruce model. This study showed that the relative permeability acceptably determined by selecting a suitable model utilizing capillary pressure. Capillary pressure may also be measured in the reverse procedure once the relative permeability data were accessible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robot navigation with no outside assistance is mostly crucial issue for development completely functioning mobile as autonomous robot. The present paper tries to implement and design system as auto-controlled to drive a car having position sensors, vision, and detection of obstacle which might robotic-facing being car via the mission along the path planned. Such need a car able to move at the path being predefined as well as to detect a movable obstacle for the path being intended. This controller was designed in 2 segments: software and hardware parts. Hardware segment comprises body of robot that is a small model car with data sensors and processing. The utilized sensors are: sensor of obstacle, line after sensor, and camera being sensor of vision. Such novelty at this current work is double utilization of 2 units as processing together: Raspberry and Arduino. Arduino is considered a slow if dealt with data as image being sequential, while Raspberry able to process data as imagery in actual time and efficiency being high. Utilizing Raspberry with Arduino reasoned to that Raspberry did not having terminal as analog as that of Arduino. Hence, it was wise to use both together to process all entry data types efficiently. Thus, the proposed controller processor is furnished as containing 2 units as processers: Arduino which process data as entry except data as image which processed via Raspberry. While, components as software for controller contains the processing of computation which in relation to deriving car along path being intended and computations in respect to obstacles way and pass in which leading to exact decision based on properties of obstacle i.e. direction, speed, and obstacle size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article has been concerned with relationships between topological G –transitive and G –inverse shadowing property. Topological G –transitive is obtained from G –inverse shadowing property with G –chain transitive or with other condition. We generalize the concept of dense small of G –periodic sets to G- space, and show that G –transitive with G –inverse shadowing imply dense small of G –periodic sets and dense set of G –periodic point. Also, totally G –transitive with G –inverse shadowing implies weakly G –mixing. So, there is relation between weakly G –mixing and G –mixing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study the hardness and wear resistance behaviour of tin bronze alloys produced by die and sand mould casting were investigated. The alloying element (Sb) was added with percentage of (3,5 and 8) wt. % to tin bronze alloys. The wear tests were performed using a pin on disc. The applied load was (10, 20, 30) N, rotational speed was constant equal to 250 rpm and the time (5,10,15) minute. Results were evaluated using losses in weight. Every worn surface was tested by SEM and the wear properties of bronze materials are discussed. It was concluded that CuSn12 material produced by die mold casting technique had higher hardness than the material produced by sand mold casting technique, due to rapid cooling, also after the wear test, wear loss of CuSn12 alloy produced by die mould casting technique was lower due to its higher hardness. In addition to the hardness for tin bronze + 8 wt% Sn increased by 24.8 % for sand casting and 26.7 % for die casting. The results of scanning electron microscopy of worn surface were characterized by wear grooves run parallel to the sliding direction, removes the particles, smearing of Sn phase and plastic deformation. In addition to increasing in the rate of antimony an improvement in the in the wear track, where the rate of deformation and cracks decreases, especially when increasing Sb up to 8%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was a survey article on shadowing property in a dynamical system given by a homeomorphism of a compact, metric space. We introduced beginners to the study of shadowing and some properties such that the cross product f × f and the composition fh had shadowing for every integer, h > 0 if f has the shadowing. And we showed the relationship with chaotic properties. We also gave an overview of the results in the topic with examples illustrating where it exists and does not exist. The self – homeomorphism map had non shadowing if it was distal on connected space or if it was on connected space with not point is minimal. Finally, every isometry of a compact Riemannian manifold of positive dimension had non shadowing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of the design requirements, in many situations, shallow foundations are constructed close together, which leads to a change in the behavior of thes oil supporting the foundations due to the development produced by the interference of foundations in the failure envelope of both foundations, which changes the properties of the soil in bearing capacity and settlement. This study presents a systematic review the available analytical studies that studied the problem of interference of shallow foundations on different types of soil. This review has shown an increase in the soil bearing capacity and settlement with decrease of distance between adjacent foundations rested on different types of soil. Some of these studies showed the occurrence of the tiltas a result of the interference of the foundations based on clay soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A three species food web model involving a stage structure and cannibalism in the top predator species is proposed and studied. It is assumed that the prey species growth logistically in the absence of predator and the predation process occurred according to theLotka-Volterra functional response. The existence, uniqueness and bounded-ness of the solution of the model are investigated. The local and global stability conditions of all possible equilibrium points are established.The persistence conditions of the model are also determined. The local bifurcation near each of the equilibrium points is analyzed. The global dynamics of the model is investigated numerically and compared with the obtained analytical results. It is observed that the proposed model is sensitive to changing in the parameter's values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flow model for two immiscible and incompressible Rabinowitsch fluids with different viscosities in a symmetric circular tube is investigated under the effects of heat and mass transfer. The fluid movement is caused by peristalsis motion, and the relevant equations for flux with heat and mass transfer have been developed and analyzed under the lubrication approach. The analytical expressions for the interface shape, a velocity profile for the core and peripheral layers, a temperature profile, a concentration profile, and a streamline are all obtained. The influences of the interesting physical parameters associated with the governing equations are displayed graphically. This model provides a way to understand the behavior of two immiscible physiological fluids in living structures and in modeling biomechanical instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted in order to study the susceptibility of wood sawdust available in Iraq, local timber and imported, which are widely used in carpentry factories and result in large quantities of sawdust treated as wastes usually disposed of by (burning or initial use) in the possibility of removing the blue dyes stain contaminated with water which is one of the manifestations of water pollution in Iraq. Sawdut of (Platanus oreintalis, Cupressus sempervirens, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Populus euphratica and Fagus sylvatica) woods are treated with (KOH,NaOH and Hot water) then immersion in the polution water with 100ppm blue dyes at diffrent immersion time. Treatment with (KOH and NaOH) 1M improve the sawdust adsorption, Prolonging the duration of immersion for limited periods gives a greater chance of absorption until reaching the saturation point, Fagus sylvatica, Cupressus sempervirens and Populus euphratica sawdusts Showed higher adsorptionility, other species gave good results, allowing them to be used to achieve the research objective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current investigation focuses on the boundary layer axisymmetric flow of a magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) third grade fluid over a stretching cylinder through porous media.flux within porous medium is defined by using the Darcy-Forchheimer model. Furthermore, the heat flux in-formation is obtained via the Cattaneo–Christov model, which is then used to determine the heat transmission characteristics. A system of governing equations is attained by applying boundary layer assumptions. The appropriate conversions lead to a strongly nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which is solved via thehomotopyanalysis method (HAM). Convergent series solutions are obtained. In addition, the impacts of severalpertinent parameters on thevelocity, temperature and concentration distributions are displayed graphically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Besides the model of farming on traditional natural land, with the goal of producing both specific products, high quality and high standards. Especially opening up opportunities to access the most advanced technologies in the world, the trend of investing in specialized trading houses for agricultural crop production is attracting investment for research and development. Greenhouse is one of the effective models in agricultural production in the direction of high technology. The cost of installing greenhouses is still quite high compared to the income of farmers, but the greenhouse is suitable for requirements for sustainable agricultural development. It allows full and strict control of most production process parameters such as temperature, light, humidity, carbon dioxide, oxygen, ... It is necessary to optimize and homogenize the environmental conditions in plant factories. We installed sensors to observe the environmental factors in a plant factory and evaluated lettuce growth. We found that the integrated quantity of PPFD (Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density) is correlated with fresh weight of harvested leaf lettuces and that lettuce density also affects growth. There is the relationship between adjacent and central stocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The search for technical solutions to optimize the combustion chamber size as well as improve the combustion efficiency of the scramjet engine has gained many benefits from optimizing the air-fuel supersonic mixing. Indeed, the technique of increasing the mixture through optimizing the flow of air-fuel mixture by applying cavity technology is the outstanding solution. This present work reports of a passive enhancement technique of supersonic mixing of air-fuel through amplification of cavity-induced flow field oscillations. In this study, with the controlling-edge profile changes to assess the changing properties of an unstable flow on a shallow cavity at the controlling-edge. This controlling-edge modification is used to augment the stimulating way in a shear surface, and that may lead to the amplification of cavity-induced flow field oscillations. The 'reactingFoam' solver within the OpenFOAM was used to simulate the supersonic cavity induced air-fuel mixing. The pressure changes over time with time and mixing indices at various positions of cavity are analyzed. Changing the leading-edge profile of the combustion chamber has an important impact on the pressure variation as well as the efficiency of the mixing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in transport demand has been proportional to the number of internal combustion engines, resulting in an increasing level of environmental pollution from engine exhaust, while petroleum-based fuels are going to be at risk of complete depletion in the next 100 years. Using alternative fuels is considered an effective solution to reduce emissions and diversify fuel sources. Hydrogen fuel is seen as an emerging candidate for alternative fuel sources because of its high flammability, high octane value, very clean combustion products, and a renewable fuel source. Therefore, using hydrogen as a fuel additive for internal combustion engines is attracting a lot of researches, especially solutions that use catalysts to generate hydrogen-rich gases by utilizing exhaust heat. This paper focuses on the evaluation of typical hydrogen-rich gas generation methods such as water electrolysis, biomass gasification, and hydrothermal hydrogen carbon fuel. Moreover, by analyzing and evaluating solutions to improve the efficiency of the hydrogen-rich catalyst with different catalysts, it is shown that the efficiency of generating hydrogen-rich gas of each catalyst. Finally, the study proposes several recommendations for applying hydrogen-rich catalysts to traditional combustion engines: (1) Ni/Al2O3 and Mo2C can achieve high fuel conversion efficiency when the catalyst temperature is greater than 700°C; (2) The addition of Pd to the Ni/Al2O3 catalytic system, the hydrogen conversion efficiency reaches 92% and the catalyst durability increases; (3) The addition of Ce, Mo, Cu/CeO2 to Ni / Al2O3 system helps to improve fuel conversion efficiency at low temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the development of world shipbuilding and shipbuilding technology has set new requirements for Vietnam Shipbuilding industry, which must be gradually developed on a par with the region and the world. This requires the domestic shipping industry to quickly apply advanced technologies, shorten construction time. At the same time, the training team of highly qualified technicians and workers can be trained to proficiently use new technological equipment. The study of modern specialized equipment for construction and assembly and centering on repair of the shaft system - the main engine of cargo ships is very important.. This article examines the features, specifications, usage of laser generator- Microgage 2D to effectively apply to the process of centering and assembling main engines and axles on ships. At the same time, research and design suitable jigs for microgage 2D applications in teaching practice at Shipyard engineers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circulation of blood in human body is essential for life. So, it won't be wrong to say the most important part of or body is heart since it pumps (or circulates) the blood to each part of body. Getting diseases related to heart is directly meaning to getting disease related to our most important part of the body. According to WHO every year 17 million of people dies by heart diseases, it means more than one third death of all death is being caused by the heart diseases. In modern days, Machine learning algorithms are being the solution for different medical fields, for this case also we can use machine learning algorithms to predict the heart diseases. Here we are going to compare the accuracy of different machine learning technique over "heart.csv" dataset and conclude which algorithm gives the best result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a flow including a free surface, an interaction relationship between objects and the free surface is seen in many cases. In recent years, research on environmental change and protection has become active, so analyzing a flow field including the free surface is one of the major issues in river engineering and marine engineering. However, in most of the previous researches, the flow field was limited to the reproduction of the simple flow field. In this study, we dealt with the flow field including the free surface around a moving object with a complicated shape. So, in order to show the change of the shape of the free surface caused by the moving object, the Interface Tracking method was adopted. In this method, in order to express how the interface moves, it is necessary to move and deform the computational grid. Therefore, the calculation method was constructed based on the Unstructured Moving-Grid Finite-Volume method, which strictly satisfies the geometric conservation law and the physical conservation law. The NACA0012 blade was placed under the free surface, and the relationship between the blade's movement and the free surface was investigated. As a result, it was confirmed that the detail change of the free surface caused by the movement of the blade. Thus, it could be shown the promising feature of the computation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turbulent bubble flow applications for fluid engineering are becoming increasingly common. The horizontal movement of turbulent bubble flow in the vertical shear flow is considered to be the most important. With the goal of clarifying the mechanism of action of the turbulence on the lateral movement of an emerging bubble, a simulation model is proposed in this study to describe the motion properties of spherical bubbles in a homogeneous mixture under the influence of vertical shear forces. With the assumption that light solid particles are treated as surfactants, it may be those that cause the bubble to be contaminated. In this study, the submerged boundary method is used to represent a spherical bubble. At the same time, the authors have built a numerical model to directly simulate the motion of finite size bubbles to assess the effect of homogeneous shear disturbances on the horizontal movement of bubbles. The analysis of the numerical model shows that the finite-sized clean bubbles have the direction of horizontal traversal reversal in uniform shear motion. Comparing the results with those for contaminated bubbles, it is found that the transverse migration in the reversed direction is more pronounced for clean bubbles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of highway departments in Iraq has been to large extent limited to examine the roads for maintenance and rehabilitation purposes whenever funds are available. Maintenance works should be conducted periodically and without delays; otherwise, the needed fund may be increased swiftly. The essential need for reviewing, assessing and maintaining roads requires continuous provision of fund. As a result, applying new alternative management system that ensure non-stopping fund is a necessity. The private sector can effectively involve in financing roads projects in direct investment or in partnership with the public sector. In this research, the Basra-Nasiriya expressway highway was evaluated to assess its current status in terms of road condition, signs, furnishing, existing services and maintenance procedures. The data included in this study was obtained from two resources; the first is primary from conducting two questionnaire-based surveys to collect opinions and knowledge from road users and experts. Field inspection survey was also performed.The experts indicated that the lowest acceptable level is 3.5, thus the road is close to reaching a level that beyond it a maintenance should be performed. Since the main problem is to find an effective management system that allows the provision of the necessary funds and hence ensure continuous maintenance, a toll road system has been proposed to collect fees from road users. Finally, this system was found to be acceptable at 87% of the surveyed sample. It was also confirmed that the legal basis for applying this system is available in Iraqi law and its prevailing legislations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research is to synthesis one of the captopril derivatives by converting the carboxyl group to the nitrile group, and characterized by (FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13CNMR, Mass spectroscopy and CHNS). This process converts captopril structure design to a compound similar to the modern diabetes drugs(vildagliptin), with continuation of its effectiveness as an antihypertensive drug.After preparation of the modified drug, the effectiveness confirmed by some related enzymes, hormones, and some histological pictures of experiment animals(rabbits). The effects of the derivative on rabbits were studied. sixty rabbits with weights (1500- 1800)g, were divided into six groups (10 rabbits for each group) -The first group, G1 consisting of 10 rabbits, is a healthy control group that has not been given any substance.-The second group, G2 alloxan group (infected group) -The third group get the alloxan and vildagliptin -The fourth group get the alloxan and the modified drug compared to vildagliptin dose.-The fifth group get the alloxan and the modified drug compared to captopril dose. The sixth group get the alloxan and the captopril. After two weeks, the samples were withdrawn after 2 hours from the last dose, the serum was separated and the biochemical and enzymatic variables were studied including (glucose, insulin hormone, glucagon hormone, dipeptidyl peptidase-4, angiotensin converting enzyme , Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors, prostaglandin I2, bradykinin, nitric oxide, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, Urea, Creatinie) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aimed to define the training needs of the agricultural extension system managers to face job stress and constructing a training program for agricultural extension managers in light of those training needs. In order to achieve the research goal, a questionnaire was prepared in the light of literature, the expert's opinions and their approval. Furthermore, the questionnaire included a scale of training needs to face job stress (35) items distributed among (5) fields, including the personal field, time management, and organization, As well as, the building teams work, making decisions, and the use of writing to arrange ideas. The data were collected for the period from 29/10/2019 to 30/1/2020 by the questionnaire and the personal interview method with (198) respondents from the provinces of the central region of Iraq [6] were carried out according to a random sample by 60% and (5) provinces. The research results showed that there was a training need for the respondents, as the weighted coefficient degrees for each field of facing job stress fields were greater than the proposed average of (1.5) degrees. It was reached (2.45) degrees in the field of making the decision, (2.14) degrees in the field of using writing to arrange ideas, (2.03) degrees in the field of building teams work. Moreover, (1.39) degrees in the field of time management and organization and (1.57) degrees in the personal field, and in light of the training needs of the respondents. A training program has been constructed for the agricultural extension system managers that includes the following elements (Objectives of the training program, program content, training techniques, training methods, trainers, trainees, location of training, duration and time of the program, training materials, budget preparation, evaluation of the training program). The researchers recommended that this research should be approved from the Agricultural Extension and Training Department and pay attention to the subject of work stress and the necessity for the competent authorities to prepare training courses for agricultural extension managers within the fields and items mentioned in the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we determined the electron dispersing structure factors, just as the vitality levels of certain cores. The computation of electron dispersing structure factors needs numerous issues to be remembered for request to make these figures attainable and quick in time in light of enormous measure of terms speak to arithmetic, quantum mechanical speculations, atomic shell model hypotheses and equations. In the current work, we examined the impacts of the higher setup outside the shell model space and the inactive center which included Tassie Model (TM) to discuss the Longitudinal C2 electron scattering form factors for the nuclei: 116Sn, 92Mo,90Zr ,39K and 32S, which calculated for nuclei under consideration, are compared with those of experimental data. The HO and SKX possibilities have been utilized to compute the wave elements of outspread single-molecule framework components. Some hypothetical vitality levels of the 52Cr, 32S and 181Ta nuclei are calculated compared with their experimental data. The shell model for windows code NuShellX@MSU has been used in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, human use of herbs increases especially with the huge benefits of herbs in medical and food aspects. These plants could be exposed to irradiated contamination and being risk sources of human health. Different studies showed that many places of Al-Muthanna province contained risky levels of Radon-222 (222Rn). In this study, 222Rn has been detected in different types of herbs that were collected from various markets in Al-Muthanna with nineteen types of herbs. Continuous Radon Monitoring (CRM-1029) was used to detect 222Rn levels in the herbs. The highest rates were recorded in Cinnamon (imported from India) was (21.5 Bq/m3), while the lowest rates were in Nigella sativa (from India too) was (6.65 Bq/m3). The measured rates were higher than known acceptable levels because the radiological study shows that consumption of the studied for herbals plants would impose no health with more than (7 Bq/m3) and when compare with the sample of without materials, but if using the herbals plants to cook or with meals which in this study, using not more 1-2 days per month to get the decay of radiation of radon in the human body and depended on the reported in literature. It is recommended to re-evaluate the 222Rn concentrations in other types of food and herbs either imported or local planted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy loss of heavy ions depends on its velocity and charge density, and according to energy loss function theorem, the energy loss depends on the kinds of dielectric function of the target. In present work random phase approximate (RPA is used, and the Brandt-Kitagawa BK model for projectile charge space distribution is used to determine the mean equilibrium charge state 〈Qeq〉. In this work, we present a calculation and comparison the stopping power for incident ions (proton, argon, calcium and krypton), in different concentration and temperature of carbon plasma. The stopping power is calculated using Bohr theory, Bethe theory and dielectric function. The results appear stopping power from dielectric function is directly proportional to concentration of plasma and inversely with temperature. Also, the equilibrium charge state for solid and plasma target are coincidence at ion energy ≥1MeV. The equilibrium charge state depends on the incident ion atomic number and slightly of the electron density, and depends also on the temperature of the target. All equations have been programmed to present work using FORTRAN-90 and a program has been written for numerical calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural properties of ZnO and ZnO:Al(2, 4, 6 and 8)%. Nanostructurethin films deposited at 450°C on porous silicon (PS) substrates of p-type and n-type of porous were studied in this work. Thin films preparedvia chemical spray Pyrolysis (CSP)havethickness (150±5 nm). The undoped ZnO and ZnO:Alnanostructure showed the hexagonal wurtzite structure. The structural specifics and microstructure areinvestigatedby X-ray diffraction shows that the excess Aluminum ratio gives raise the crystallite size and lattice constants to be decreasing. Thin films surface morphology drawn from TEM, SEM and AFM analysis exhibit spherical nanoparticles aligned together into a line, and it converted their shape as doping Aluminum used. The thin films sensitivity towards the ethanol and hydrogen gases showed an enhancement proportional to the Al doping ratio, and n-PS substrate has higher sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]