Search

Halistemma rubrum (Vogt, 1852) Synonyms in the area: Stephanomia rubra ���Alvari��o 1981. Distribution in South America: Pacific Ocean, Chile, at 23��S off Antofagasta (Pag��s et al. 2001); Atlantic Ocean, Brazil to Argentina, from 0�� to 42��S (Nogueira & Oliveira 1991; Pugh 1999; Migotto et al. 2002; Araujo 2006, 2012; Araujo et al. 2010; Silveira & Morandini 2011; Bonecker et al. 2014). Habitat: neritic and oceanic species, widely distributed in the tropical, subtropical and temperate waters. Species mainly found in the warm waters (Totton 1954, 1965; Alvari��o 1971, 1981; Su��rez-Morales & Gasca 1991; Pag��s & Gili 1992; Pag��s et al. 1992; Araujo 2006, 2012; Pugh & Gasca 2009; Bonecker et al. 2014)., Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira J��nior 12,, Er Qui��ones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, T��n Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Qu��ria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on pages 173-174, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1

1. 1. Siphonophores—Physonectes— Nanomia bijuga (Delle Chiaje 1841) Agalma elegans (Sars 1846) Halistemma rubrum (Vogt) 1852), Forskalia contorta M. Edw. 1841, Forskalia edwardsi Kolliker 1853 and Calycophores Hippopodius hippopus Forskal 1776 and Rosacea cymbiformis (Della Chiaje 1842) have been studied from the point of view of their free and proteic amino acid composition. 2. 2. The organisms studied were caught by divers, then freeze-dried and analysed by a Beckman Spinco 120 C amino-acid analyser. 3. 3. In the Siphonophores analysed the free amino acid values are extremeley high, between 11.1 and 44.7 per cent of total amino acid. 4. 4. The highest values were found in the most primitive organisms and reciprocally the lowest in the most highly evolved organisms. 5. 5. The whole group may be contrasted with the Medusae Acalephae, in which the free amino acids do not exceed 2 per cent. These observations are followed by remarks on the ecology, flotation, physiology and phylogeny of Siphonophores.