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Alignment of metal-organic framework (MOF) crystals has previously been performed via careful control of oriented MOF growth on substrates, as well as by dynamic magnetic alignment. We show here that bromobenzene-suspended microrod crystals of the MOF NU-1000 can also be dynamically aligned via electric fields, giving rise to rapid electrooptical responses. This method of dynamic MOF alignment opens up new avenues of MOF control which are important for integration of MOFs into switchable electronic devices as well as in other applications such as reconfigurable sensors or optical systems.

The Clearwater National Forest in Idaho accelerated its road removal (also referred to as road decommissioning or road obliteration) program following floods that impacted the Northwestern United States over the winter of 1995-96. In the wake of the floods, landslides originating on closed or abandoned roads were identified as a major cause of sediment delivery to streams. The primary objective of road obliteration on the Clearwater National Forest is to reduce watershed impacts by reclaiming roads no longer necessary for the Forest’s transportation system. Roads are inventoried for stability needs. Redundant (i.e. those not needed for management) and unstable roads become obliteration candidates. Road obliteration is accomplished using heavy equipment to decompact road surfaces, remove drainage structures and fill material from streams and draws, and recontour through unstable areas. Various methods are used to control erosion from work sites and revegetate the obliterated template.

The Clearwater National Forest and the Nez Perce Tribe have initiated a road obliteration monitoring project in order to track the effectiveness of an ambitious road obliteration program on the forest. This paper addresses the methods used in level II monitoring of road obliteration on the Clearwater National Forest. The protocols for monitoring are designed to answer questions related to specific treatments. Monitoring results are designed to provide feedback to the obliteration program on treatment effectiveness. Treatments monitored include: general prism treatments (recontour, outslope, decompaction, or abandonment), stream channel treatments (weirs, bank armor and vegetation), cross drain channels, seeded and planted vegetation, and erosion control blankets. Selected 400 m (quarter mile) sections of obliterated road are monitored for each of the first three years, then at five years and at five-year intervals thereafter. Monitoring methods are described in this paper. Some preliminary monitoring results are also presented.