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2. Ambient Nonmethane Hydrocarbon Levels Along Colorado’s Northern Front Range: Acute and Chronic Health Risks

Author

McKenzie, Lisa M, Blair, Benjamin, Hughes, John, Allshouse, William B, Blake, Nicola J, Helmig, Detlev, Milmoe, Pam, Halliday, Hannah, Blake, Donald R, and Adgate, John L

Subjects
Health Services, Prevention, Clinical Research, Patient Safety, Cancer, Aetiology, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Generic health relevance, Adult, Air Pollutants, Colorado, Humans, Hydrocarbons, Inhalation Exposure, Risk Assessment, United States, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Oil and gas (O&G) facilities emit air pollutants that are potentially a major health risk for nearby populations. We characterized prenatal through adult health risks for acute (1 h) and chronic (30 year) residential inhalation exposure scenarios to nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) for these populations. We used ambient air sample results to estimate and compare risks for four residential scenarios. We found that air pollutant concentrations increased with proximity to an O&G facility, as did health risks. Acute hazard indices for neurological (18), hematological (15), and developmental (15) health effects indicate that populations living within 152 m of an O&G facility could experience these health effects from inhalation exposures to benzene and alkanes. Lifetime excess cancer risks exceeded 1 in a million for all scenarios. The cancer risk estimate of 8.3 per 10 000 for populations living within 152 m of an O&G facility exceeded the United States Environmental Protection Agency's 1 in 10 000 upper threshold. These findings indicate that state and federal regulatory policies may not be protective of health for populations residing near O&G facilities. Health risk assessment results can be used for informing policies and studies aimed at reducing and understanding health effects associated with air pollutants emitted from O&G facilities.

Published
2018

3. Atmospheric benzene observations from oil and gas production in the Denver‐Julesburg Basin in July and August 2014

Author

Halliday, Hannah S, Thompson, Anne M, Wisthaler, Armin, Blake, Donald R, Hornbrook, Rebecca S, Mikoviny, Tomas, Müller, Markus, Eichler, Philipp, Apel, Eric C, and Hills, Alan J

Subjects
Climate Action, oil and natural gas, volatile organic compounds, benzene, regional pollution, Colorado Natural Gas Emissions, Wattenburg Gas Field, Atmospheric Sciences, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience
Abstract

High time resolution measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were collected using a proton-transfer-reaction quadrupole mass spectrometry (PTR-QMS) instrument at the Platteville Atmospheric Observatory (PAO) in Colorado to investigate how oil and natural gas (O&NG) development impacts air quality within the Wattenburg Gas Field (WGF) in the Denver-Julesburg Basin. The measurements were carried out in July and August 2014 as part of NASA’s “Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality” (DISCOVER-AQ) field campaign. The PTR-QMS data were supported by pressurized whole air canister samples and airborne vertical and horizontal surveys of VOCs. Unexpectedly high benzene mixing ratios were observed at PAO at ground level (mean benzene = 0.53 ppbv, maximum benzene = 29.3 ppbv), primarily at night (mean nighttime benzene = 0.73 ppbv). These high benzene levels were associated with southwesterly winds. The airborne measurements indicate that benzene originated from within the WGF, and typical source signatures detected in the canister samples implicate emissions from O&NG activities rather than urban vehicular emissions as primary benzene source. This conclusion is backed by a regional toluene-to-benzene ratio analysis which associated southerly flow with vehicular emissions from the Denver area. Weak benzene-to-CO correlations confirmed that traffic emissions were not responsible for the observed high benzene levels. Previous measurements at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) and our data obtained at PAO allow us to locate the source of benzene enhancements between the two atmospheric observatories. Fugitive emissions of benzene from O&NG operations in the Platteville area are discussed as the most likely causes of enhanced benzene levels at PAO.

Published
2016

4. Airborne Observations Constrain Heterogeneous Nitrogen and Halogen Chemistry on Tropospheric and Stratospheric Biomass Burning Aerosol

Author

Decker, Zachary C. J., primary, Novak, Gordon, additional, Aikin, Kenneth C., additional, Veres, Patrick, additional, Neuman, J. Andrew, additional, Bourgeois, Illan, additional, Bui, T. Paul, additional, Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, additional, Coggon, Matthew Mitchell, additional, Day, Doug A., additional, DiGangi, Joshua Paul, additional, Diskin, Glenn S., additional, Dollner, Maximilian, additional, Franchin, Ale, additional, Fredrickson, Carley D, additional, Froyd, Karl, additional, Gkatzelis, Georgios I., additional, Guo, Hongyu, additional, Hall, Samuel R, additional, Halliday, Hannah Selene, additional, Hayden, Katherine L, additional, Holmes, Christopher D., additional, Jimenez, Jose Luis, additional, Kupc, Agnieszka, additional, Lindaas, Jakob, additional, Midddlebrook, Ann, additional, Moore, Richard H, additional, Nault, Benjamin A, additional, Nowak, John B., additional, Pagonis, Demetrios, additional, Palm, Brett B, additional, Piel, Felix, additional, Peischl, Jeff, additional, Rickly, Pamela, additional, Robinson, Michael, additional, Rollins, Andrew W., additional, Ryerson, Thomas B., additional, Schill, Gregory P., additional, Sekimoto, Kanako, additional, Thompson, Chelsea, additional, Thornhill, Kenneth L, additional, Thornton, Joel A, additional, Ullmann, Kirk, additional, Warneke, Carsten, additional, Washenfelder, Rebecca Ann, additional, Weinzierl, Bernadett, additional, Wiggins, Elizabeth Brooke, additional, Williamson, Christina, additional, Winstead, Edward L, additional, Wisthaler, Armin, additional, Womack, Caroline, additional, and Brown, Steven S. S, additional

Published
2023
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5. Airborne Observations Constrain Heterogeneous Nitrogen and Halogen Chemistry on Tropospheric and Stratospheric Biomass Burning Aerosol.

Author

Decker, Zachary C. J., Novak, Gordon A., Aikin, Kenneth, Veres, Patrick R., Neuman, J. Andrew, Bourgeois, Ilann, Bui, T. Paul, Campuzano‐Jost, Pedro, Coggon, Matthew M., Day, Douglas A., DiGangi, Joshua P., Diskin, Glenn S., Dollner, Maximilian, Franchin, Alessandro, Fredrickson, Carley D., Froyd, Karl D., Gkatzelis, Georgios I., Guo, Hongyu, Hall, Samuel R., and Halliday, Hannah

Subjects
WILDFIRES, BIOMASS burning, STRATOSPHERIC chemistry, TROPOSPHERIC aerosols, TROPOSPHERIC chemistry, OZONE layer, OZONE layer depletion, STRATOSPHERIC aerosols
Abstract

Heterogeneous chemical cycles of pyrogenic nitrogen and halides influence tropospheric ozone and affect the stratosphere during extreme Pyrocumulonimbus (PyroCB) events. We report field‐derived N2O5 uptake coefficients, γ(N2O5), and ClNO2 yields, φ(ClNO2), from two aircraft campaigns observing fresh smoke in the lower and mid troposphere and processed/aged smoke in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). Derived φ(ClNO2) varied across the full 0–1 range but was typically <0.5 and smallest in a PyroCB (<0.05). Derived γ(N2O5) was low in agricultural smoke (0.2–3.6 × 10−3), extremely low in mid‐tropospheric wildfire smoke (0.1 × 10−3), but larger in PyroCB processed smoke (0.7–5.0 × 10−3). Aged biomass burning aerosol in the UTLS had a higher γ(N2O5) of 17 × 10−3 that increased with sulfate and liquid water, but that was 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than values for aqueous sulfuric aerosol used in stratospheric models. Plain Language Summary: The injection of reactive material into Earth's atmosphere from fires affects atmospheric composition at regional and hemispheric scales. Reported stratospheric ozone depletion during extreme events, such as the 2020 Australian wildfires, illustrates one example of fire impacts and the role of heterogeneous (gas‐particle) processes. We report field quantification of rates and product yields from airborne observations of smoke. Extremely slow heterogeneous reaction rates on young smoke increase with transport and aging, but upper atmospheric values are still a factor of 10 slower than parameterizations used in stratospheric models. Heterogeneous production of ClNO2, a major lower atmospheric chlorine activation pathway, may be active on biomass burning aerosol in the upper atmosphere. Key Points: ClNO2 formation is active on biomass burning (BB) particles but decreases with transport to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS)N2O5 uptake coefficients are low on young BB smoke and increase with transport through a PyroCB and UTLS agingN2O5 uptake coefficients on aged BB particles in the UTLS are significantly lower than those used in model parameterizations [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Emission Factors for Crop Residue and Prescribed Fires in the Eastern US During FIREX‐AQ

Author

Travis, Katherine R., primary, Crawford, James. H., additional, Soja, Amber J., additional, Gargulinski, Emily M., additional, Moore, Richard H., additional, Wiggins, Elizabeth B., additional, Diskin, Glenn S., additional, DiGangi, Joshua P., additional, Nowak, John B., additional, Halliday, Hannah, additional, Yokelson, Robert J., additional, McCarty, Jessica L., additional, Simpson, Isobel J., additional, Blake, Donald R., additional, Meinardi, Simone, additional, Hornbrook, Rebecca S., additional, Apel, Eric C., additional, Hills, Alan J., additional, Warneke, Carsten, additional, Coggon, Matthew M., additional, Rollins, Andrew W., additional, Gilman, Jessica B., additional, Womack, Caroline C., additional, Robinson, Michael A., additional, Katich, Joseph M., additional, Peischl, Jeff, additional, Gkatzelis, Georgios I., additional, Bourgeois, Ilann, additional, Rickly, Pamela S., additional, Lamplugh, Aaron, additional, Dibb, Jack E., additional, Jimenez, Jose L., additional, Campuzano‐Jost, Pedro, additional, Day, Douglas A., additional, Guo, Hongyu, additional, Pagonis, Demetrios, additional, Wennberg, Paul O., additional, Crounse, John D., additional, Xu, Lu, additional, Hanisco, Thomas F., additional, Wolfe, Glenn M., additional, Liao, Jin, additional, St. Clair, Jason M., additional, Nault, Benjamin A., additional, Fried, Alan, additional, and Perring, Anne E., additional

Published
2023
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7. Parameterizations of US wildfire and prescribed fire emission ratios and emission factors based on FIREX-AQ aircraft measurements

Author

Gkatzelis, Georgios I., Coggon, Matthew M., Stockwell, Chelsea E., Hornbrook, Rebecca S., Allen, Hannah, Apel, Eric C., Ball, Katherine, Bela, Megan M., Blake, Donald R., Bourgeois, Ilann, Brown, Steven S., Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, Clair, Jason M., Crawford, James H., Crounse, John D., Day, Douglas A., DiGangi, Joshua, Diskin, Glenn, Fried, Alan, Gilman, Jessica, Guo, Hongyu, Hair, Johnathan W., Halliday, Hannah A., Hanisco, Thomas F., Hannun, Reem, Hills, Alan, Huey, Gregory, Jimenez, Jose L., Katich, Joseph M., Lamplugh, Aaron, Lee, Young Ro, Liao, Jin, Lindaas, Jakob, McKeen, Stuart A., Mikoviny, Tomas, Nault, Benjamin A., Neuman, James A., Nowak, John B., Pagonis, Demetrios, Peischl, Jeff, Perring, Anne E., Piel, Felix, Rickly, Pamela S., Robinson, Michael A., Rollins, Andrew W., Ryerson, Thomas B., Schueneman, Melinda K., Schwantes, Rebecca H., Schwarz, Joshua P., Sekimoto, Kanako, Selimovic, Vanessa, Shingler, Taylor, Tanner, David J., Tomsche, Laura, Vasquez, Krystal, Veres, Patrick R., Washenfelder, Rebecca, Weibring, Petter, Wennberg, Paul O., Wisthaler, Armin, Wolfe, Glenn, Womack, Caroline, Xu, Lu, Yokelson, Robert, and Warneke, Carsten

Abstract

Extensive airborne measurements of non-methane organic gases (NMOGs), methane, nitrogen oxides, reduced nitrogen-species, and aerosol emissions from US wild and prescribed fires were conducted during the 2019 NOAA/NASA Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality campaign (FIREX-AQ). Here, we report the atmospheric enhancement ratios (ERs) and inferred emission factors (EFs) for compounds measured onboard the NASA DC-8 research aircraft for nine wildfires and one prescribed fire, which encompass a range of vegetation types. We use photochemical proxies to identify young smoke and reduce the effects of chemical degradation on our emissions calculations. ERs and EFs calculated from FIREX-AQ observations agree within a factor of 2 with values reported from previous laboratory and field studies for more than 80 % of the carbon- and nitrogen-containing species. Wildfire emissions are parameterized based on correlations of the sum of NMOGs with reactive nitrogen oxides (NOy) to modified combustion efficiency (MCE) as well as other chemical signatures indicative of flaming/smoldering combustion, including carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and black carbon aerosol. The sum of primary NMOG EFs correlates to MCE with an R2 of 0.68 and a slope of -296 ± 51 g kg-1, consistent with previous studies. The sum of the NMOG mixing ratios correlates well with CO with an R2 of 0.98 and a slope of 137 ± 4 ppbv of NMOGs per ppmv of CO, demonstrating that primary NMOG emissions can be estimated from CO. Individual nitrogen-containing species correlate better with NO2, NOy, and black carbon than with CO. More than half of the NOy in fresh plumes is NO2 with an R2 of 0.95 and a ratio of NO2 to NOy of 0.55 ± 0.05 ppbv ppbv-1, highlighting that fast photochemistry had already occurred in the sampled fire plumes. The ratio of NOy to the sum of NMOGs follows trends observed in laboratory experiments and increases exponentially with MCE, due to increased emission of key nitrogen species and reduced emission of NMOGs at higher MCE during flaming combustion. These parameterizations will provide more accurate boundary conditions for modeling and satellite studies of fire plume chemistry and evolution to predict the downwind formation of secondary pollutants, including ozone and secondary organic aerosol.

Published
2023

8. Characterization of PFAS Air Emissions from Thermal Application of Fluoropolymer Dispersions on Fabrics

Author

Wickersham, Lindsay C., primary, Mattila, James M., additional, Krug, Jonathan D., additional, Jackson, Stephen R., additional, Wallace, M. Ariel Geer, additional, Shields, Erin P., additional, Halliday, Hannah, additional, Li, Emily Y., additional, Liberatore, Hannah K., additional, Farrior, Stanley (Mac), additional, Preston, William, additional, Ryan, Jeffrey V., additional, Lee, Chun-Wai, additional, and Linak, William P., additional

Published
2023
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9. Emission factors and evolution of SO2 measured from biomass burning in wildfires and agricultural fires

Author

Rickly, Pamela S., primary, Guo, Hongyu, additional, Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, additional, Jimenez, Jose L., additional, Wolfe, Glenn M., additional, Bennett, Ryan, additional, Bourgeois, Ilann, additional, Crounse, John D., additional, Dibb, Jack E., additional, DiGangi, Joshua P., additional, Diskin, Glenn S., additional, Dollner, Maximilian, additional, Gargulinski, Emily M., additional, Hall, Samuel R., additional, Halliday, Hannah S., additional, Hanisco, Thomas F., additional, Hannun, Reem A., additional, Liao, Jin, additional, Moore, Richard, additional, Nault, Benjamin A., additional, Nowak, John B., additional, Peischl, Jeff, additional, Robinson, Claire E., additional, Ryerson, Thomas, additional, Sanchez, Kevin J., additional, Schöberl, Manuel, additional, Soja, Amber J., additional, St. Clair, Jason M., additional, Thornhill, Kenneth L., additional, Ullmann, Kirk, additional, Wennberg, Paul O., additional, Weinzierl, Bernadett, additional, Wiggins, Elizabeth B., additional, Winstead, Edward L., additional, and Rollins, Andrew W., additional

Published
2022
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11. Measurement report: Emission factors of NH3 and NHx for wildfires and agricultural fires in the United States

Author

Tomsche, Laura, primary, Piel, Felix, additional, Mikoviny, Tomas, additional, Nielsen, Claus J., additional, Guo, Hongyu, additional, Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, additional, Nault, Benjamin A., additional, Schueneman, Melinda K., additional, Jimenez, Jose L., additional, Halliday, Hannah, additional, Diskin, Glenn S., additional, DiGangi, Joshua P., additional, Nowak, John B., additional, Wiggins, Elizabeth B., additional, Gargulinski, Emily, additional, Soja, Amber J., additional, and Wisthaler, Armin, additional

Published
2022
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12. Supplementary material to "Measurement report: Emission factors of NH3 and NHx for wildfires and agricultural fires in the United States"

Author

Tomsche, Laura, primary, Piel, Felix, additional, Mikoviny, Tomas, additional, Nielsen, Claus J., additional, Guo, Hongyu, additional, Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, additional, Nault, Benjamin A., additional, Schueneman, Melinda K., additional, Jimenez, Jose L., additional, Halliday, Hannah, additional, Diskin, Glenn S., additional, DiGangi, Joshua P., additional, Nowak, John B., additional, Wiggins, Elizabeth B., additional, Gargulinski, Emily, additional, Soja, Amber J., additional, and Wisthaler, Armin, additional

Published
2022
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13. Emission factors and evolution of SO2 measured from biomass burning in wildfires and agricultural fires

Author

Rickly, Pamela S., Guo, Hongyu, Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, Jimenez, Jose L., Wolfe, Glenn M., Bennett, Ryan, Bourgeois, Ilann, Crounse, John D., Dibb, Jack E., DiGangi, Joshua P., Diskin, Glenn S., Dollner, Maximilian, Gargulinski, Emily M., Hall, Samuel R., Halliday, Hannah S., Hanisco, Thomas F., Hannun, Reem A., Liao, Jin, Moore, Richard, Nault, Benjamin A., Nowak, John B., Peischl, Jeff, Robinson, Claire E., Ryerson, Thomas, Sanchez, Kevin J., Schöberl, Manuel, Soja, Amber J., St. Clair, Jason M., Thornhill, Kenneth L., Ullmann, Kirk, Wennberg, Paul O., Weinzierl, Bernadett, Wiggins, Elizabeth B., Winstead, Edward L., and Rollins, Andrew W.

Subjects
Atmospheric Science
Abstract

Fires emit sufficient sulfur to affect local and regional air quality and climate. This study analyzes SO2 emission factors and variability in smoke plumes from US wildfires and agricultural fires, as well as their relationship to sulfate and hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) formation. Observed SO2 emission factors for various fuel types show good agreement with the latest reviews of biomass burning emission factors, producing an emission factor range of 0.47–1.2 g SO2 kg−1 C. These emission factors vary with geographic location in a way that suggests that deposition of coal burning emissions and application of sulfur-containing fertilizers likely play a role in the larger observed values, which are primarily associated with agricultural burning. A 0-D box model generally reproduces the observed trends of SO2 and total sulfate (inorganic + organic) in aging wildfire plumes. In many cases, modeled HMS is consistent with the observed organosulfur concentrations. However, a comparison of observed organosulfur and modeled HMS suggests that multiple organosulfur compounds are likely responsible for the observations but that the chemistry of these compounds yields similar production and loss rates as that of HMS, resulting in good agreement with the modeled results. We provide suggestions for constraining the organosulfur compounds observed during these flights, and we show that the chemistry of HMS can allow organosulfur to act as an S(IV) reservoir under conditions of pH > 6 and liquid water content >10−7 g sm−3. This can facilitate long-range transport of sulfur emissions, resulting in increased SO2 and eventually sulfate in transported smoke.

Published
2022

14. Comparison of airborne measurements of NO, NO2, HONO, NOy, and CO during FIREX-AQ

Author

Bourgeois, Ilann, primary, Peischl, Jeff, additional, Neuman, J. Andrew, additional, Brown, Steven S., additional, Allen, Hannah M., additional, Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, additional, Coggon, Matthew M., additional, DiGangi, Joshua P., additional, Diskin, Glenn S., additional, Gilman, Jessica B., additional, Gkatzelis, Georgios I., additional, Guo, Hongyu, additional, Halliday, Hannah A., additional, Hanisco, Thomas F., additional, Holmes, Christopher D., additional, Huey, L. Gregory, additional, Jimenez, Jose L., additional, Lamplugh, Aaron D., additional, Lee, Young Ro, additional, Lindaas, Jakob, additional, Moore, Richard H., additional, Nault, Benjamin A., additional, Nowak, John B., additional, Pagonis, Demetrios, additional, Rickly, Pamela S., additional, Robinson, Michael A., additional, Rollins, Andrew W., additional, Selimovic, Vanessa, additional, St. Clair, Jason M., additional, Tanner, David, additional, Vasquez, Krystal T., additional, Veres, Patrick R., additional, Warneke, Carsten, additional, Wennberg, Paul O., additional, Washenfelder, Rebecca A., additional, Wiggins, Elizabeth B., additional, Womack, Caroline C., additional, Xu, Lu, additional, Zarzana, Kyle J., additional, and Ryerson, Thomas B., additional

Published
2022
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15. Airborne Emission Rate Measurements Validate Remote Sensing Observations and Emission Inventories of Western U.S. Wildfires

Author

Stockwell, Chelsea E., primary, Bela, Megan M., additional, Coggon, Matthew M., additional, Gkatzelis, Georgios I., additional, Wiggins, Elizabeth, additional, Gargulinski, Emily M., additional, Shingler, Taylor, additional, Fenn, Marta, additional, Griffin, Debora, additional, Holmes, Christopher D., additional, Ye, Xinxin, additional, Saide, Pablo E., additional, Bourgeois, Ilann, additional, Peischl, Jeff, additional, Womack, Caroline C., additional, Washenfelder, Rebecca A., additional, Veres, Patrick R., additional, Neuman, J. Andrew, additional, Gilman, Jessica B., additional, Lamplugh, Aaron, additional, Schwantes, Rebecca H., additional, McKeen, Stuart A., additional, Wisthaler, Armin, additional, Piel, Felix, additional, Guo, Hongyu, additional, Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, additional, Jimenez, Jose L., additional, Fried, Alan, additional, Hanisco, Thomas F., additional, Huey, Lewis Gregory, additional, Perring, Anne, additional, Katich, Joseph M., additional, Diskin, Glenn S., additional, Nowak, John B., additional, Bui, T. Paul, additional, Halliday, Hannah S., additional, DiGangi, Joshua P., additional, Pereira, Gabriel, additional, James, Eric P., additional, Ahmadov, Ravan, additional, McLinden, Chris A., additional, Soja, Amber J., additional, Moore, Richard H., additional, Hair, Johnathan W., additional, and Warneke, Carsten, additional

Published
2022
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16. Emission factors and evolution of SO2 measured from biomass burning in wild and agricultural fires

Author

Rickly, Pamela, primary, Guo, Hongyu, additional, Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, additional, Jimenez, Jose L., additional, Wolfe, Glenn M., additional, Bennett, Ryan, additional, Bourgeois, Ilann, additional, Crounse, John D., additional, Dibb, Jack E., additional, DiGangi, Joshua P., additional, Diskin, Glenn S., additional, Dollner, Maximilian, additional, Gargulinski, Emily M., additional, Hall, Samuel R., additional, Halliday, Hannah S., additional, Hanisco, Thomas F., additional, Hannun, Reem A., additional, Liao, Jin, additional, Moore, Richard, additional, Nault, Benjamin A., additional, Nowak, John B., additional, Robinson, Claire E., additional, Ryerson, Thomas, additional, Sanchez, Kevin J., additional, Schöberl, Manuel, additional, Soja, Amber J., additional, St. Clair, Jason M., additional, Thornhill, Kenneth L., additional, Ullmann, Kirk, additional, Wennberg, Paul O., additional, Weinzierl, Bernadett, additional, Wiggins, Elizabeth B., additional, Winstead, Edward L., additional, and Rollins, Andrew W., additional

Published
2022
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17. Supplementary material to "Emission factors and evolution of SO2 measured from biomass burning in wild and agricultural fires"

Author

Rickly, Pamela, primary, Guo, Hongyu, additional, Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, additional, Jimenez, Jose L., additional, Wolfe, Glenn M., additional, Bennett, Ryan, additional, Bourgeois, Ilann, additional, Crounse, John D., additional, Dibb, Jack E., additional, DiGangi, Joshua P., additional, Diskin, Glenn S., additional, Dollner, Maximilian, additional, Gargulinski, Emily M., additional, Hall, Samuel R., additional, Halliday, Hannah S., additional, Hanisco, Thomas F., additional, Hannun, Reem A., additional, Liao, Jin, additional, Moore, Richard, additional, Nault, Benjamin A., additional, Nowak, John B., additional, Robinson, Claire E., additional, Ryerson, Thomas, additional, Sanchez, Kevin J., additional, Schöberl, Manuel, additional, Soja, Amber J., additional, St. Clair, Jason M., additional, Thornhill, Kenneth L., additional, Ullmann, Kirk, additional, Wennberg, Paul O., additional, Weinzierl, Bernadett, additional, Wiggins, Elizabeth B., additional, Winstead, Edward L., additional, and Rollins, Andrew W., additional

Published
2022
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18. Measurements from inside a Thunderstorm Driven by Wildfire: The 2019 FIREX-AQ Field Experiment

Author

Peterson, David A., primary, Thapa, Laura H., additional, Saide, Pablo E., additional, Soja, Amber J., additional, Gargulinski, Emily M., additional, Hyer, Edward J., additional, Weinzierl, Bernadett, additional, Dollner, Maximilian, additional, Schöberl, Manuel, additional, Papin, Philippe P., additional, Kondragunta, Shobha, additional, Camacho, Christopher P., additional, Ichoku, Charles, additional, Moore, Richard H., additional, Hair, Johnathan W., additional, Crawford, James H., additional, Dennison, Philip E., additional, Kalashnikova, Olga V., additional, Bennese, Christel E., additional, Bui, Thaopaul P., additional, DiGangi, Joshua P., additional, Diskin, Glenn S., additional, Fenn, Marta A., additional, Halliday, Hannah S., additional, Jimenez, Jose, additional, Nowak, John B., additional, Robinson, Claire, additional, Sanchez, Kevin, additional, Shingler, Taylor J., additional, Thornhill, Lee, additional, Wiggins, Elizabeth B., additional, Winstead, Edward, additional, and Xu, Chuanyu, additional

Published
2022
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19. Comparison of airborne measurements of NO, NO2, HONO, NOy and CO during FIREX-AQ

Author

Bourgeois, Ilann, Peischl, Jeff, Neuman, J. Andrew, Brown, Steven S., Allen, Hannah M., Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, Coggon, Matthew M., DiGangi, Joshua P., Diskin, Glenn S., Gilman, Jessica B., Gkatzelis, Georgios I., Guo, Hongyu, Halliday, Hannah, Hanisco, Thomas F., Holmes, Christopher D., Huey, L. Gregory, Jimenez, Jose L., Lamplugh, Aaron D., Lee, Young Ro, Lindaas, Jakob, Moore, Richard H., Nowak, John B., Pagonis, Demetrios, Rickly, Pamela S., Robinson, Michael A., Rollins, Andrew W., Selimovic, Vanessa, Clair, Jason M., Tanner, David, Vasquez, Krystal T., Veres, Patrick R., Warneke, Carsten, Wennberg, Paul O., Washenfelder, Rebecca A., Wiggins, Elizabeth B., Womack, Caroline C., Xu, Lu, Zarzana, Kyle J., and Ryerson, Thomas B.

Abstract

We present a comparison of fast-response instruments installed onboard the NASA DC-8 aircraft that measured nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2), nitrous acid (HONO), total reactive odd nitrogen (measured both as the total (NOy) and from the sum of individually measured species (SNOy)) and carbon monoxide (CO) in the troposphere during the 2019 Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) campaign. By targeting smoke from summertime wildfires, prescribed fires and agricultural burns across the continental United States, FIREX-AQ provided a unique opportunity to investigate measurement accuracy in concentrated plumes where hundreds of species coexist. Here, we compare NO measurements by chemiluminescence (CL) and laser induced fluorescence (LIF); NO2 measurements by CL, LIF and cavity enhanced spectroscopy (CES); HONO measurements by CES and iodide-adduct chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS); and CO measurements by tunable diode laser absorption spectrometry (TDLAS) and integrated cavity output spectroscopy (ICOS). Additionally, total NOy measurements using the CL instrument were compared with SNOy (= NO + NO2 + HONO + nitric acid (HNO3) + acyl peroxy nitrates (APNs) + submicron particulate nitrate (pNO3)). The aircraft instrument intercomparisons demonstrate the following: 1) NO measurements by CL and LIF agreed well within instrument uncertainties, but with potentially reduced time response for the CL instrument; 2) NO2 measurements by LIF and CES agreed well within instrument uncertainties, but CL NO2 was on average 10 % higher; 3) CES and CIMS HONO measurements were highly correlated in each fire plume transect, but the correlation slope of CES vs. CIMS for all 1 Hz data during FIREX-AQ was 1.8, which we attribute to a reduction in the CIMS sensitivity to HONO in high temperature environments; 4) NOy budget closure was demonstrated for all flights within the combined instrument uncertainties of 25 %. However, we used a fluid dynamic flow model to estimate that average pNO3 sampling fraction through the NOy inlet in smoke was variable from one flight to another and ranged between 0.36 and 0.99, meaning that approximately 0–24 % on average of the total measured NOy in smoke may have been unaccounted for and may be due to unmeasured species such as organic nitrates; 5) CO measurements by ICOS and TDLAS agreed well within combined instrument uncertainties, but with a systematic offset that averaged 2.87 ppbv; and 6) integrating smoke plumes followed by fitting the integrated values of each plume improved the correlation between independent measurements.

Published
2022

20. Measurement report: Emission factors of NH3 and NHx for wildfires and agricultural fires in the United States.

Author

Tomsche, Laura, Piel, Felix, Mikoviny, Tomas, Nielsen, Claus J., Guo, Hongyu, Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, Nault, Benjamin A., Schueneman, Melinda K., Jimenez, Jose L., Halliday, Hannah, Diskin, Glenn, DiGangi, Joshua P., Nowak, John B., Wiggins, Elizabeth B., Gargulinski, Emily, Soja, Amber J., and Wisthaler, Armin

Subjects
WILDFIRE prevention, SMOKE plumes, TIME-of-flight mass spectrometers, AGRICULTURE, GRASSLAND fires, WILDFIRES
Abstract

During the 2019 Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) study, the NASA DC-8 carried out in situ chemical measurements in smoke plumes emitted from wildfires and agricultural fires in the contiguous United States. The DC-8 payload included a modified proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) for the fast measurement of gaseous ammonia (NH3) and a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) for the fast measurement of submicron particulate ammonium (NH4+). We herein report data collected in smoke plumes emitted from 6 wildfires in the Western United States, 2 prescribed grassland fires in the Central United States, 1 prescribed forest fire in the Southern United States, and 66 small agricultural fires in the Southeastern United States. Smoke plumes contained double to triple digit ppb levels of NH3. In the wildfire plumes, a significant fraction of NH3 had already been converted to NH4+ at the time of sampling (≥2 h after emission). Substantial amounts of NH4+ were also detected in freshly emitted smoke from corn and rice field fires. We herein present a comprehensive set of emission factors of NH3 and NHx , with NHx=NH3+NH4+. Average NH3 and NHx emission factors for wildfires in the Western United States were 1.86±0.75 g kg -1 and 2.47±0.80 g kg -1 of fuel burned, respectively. Average NH3 and NHx emission factors for agricultural fires in the Southeastern United States were 0.89±0.58 and 1.74±0.92 g kg -1 , respectively. Our data show no clear inverse correlation between modified combustion efficiency (MCE) and NH3 emissions. The observed NH3 emissions were significantly higher than measured in previous laboratory experiments in the FIREX FireLab 2016 study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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23. Supplementary material to &quot;Comparison of airborne measurements of NO, NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, HONO, NO&lt;sub&gt;y&lt;/sub&gt; and CO during FIREX-AQ&quot;

Author

Bourgeois, Ilann, primary, Peischl, Jeff, additional, Neuman, J. Andrew, additional, Brown, Steven S., additional, Allen, Hannah M., additional, Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, additional, Coggon, Matthew M., additional, DiGangi, Joshua P., additional, Diskin, Glenn S., additional, Gilman, Jessica B., additional, Gkatzelis, Georgios I., additional, Guo, Hongyu, additional, Halliday, Hannah, additional, Hanisco, Thomas F., additional, Holmes, Christopher D., additional, Huey, L. Gregory, additional, Jimenez, Jose L., additional, Lamplugh, Aaron D., additional, Lee, Young Ro, additional, Lindaas, Jakob, additional, Moore, Richard H., additional, Nowak, John B., additional, Pagonis, Demetrios, additional, Rickly, Pamela S., additional, Robinson, Michael A., additional, Rollins, Andrew W., additional, Selimovic, Vanessa, additional, St. Clair, Jason M., additional, Tanner, David, additional, Vasquez, Krystal T., additional, Veres, Patrick R., additional, Warneke, Carsten, additional, Wennberg, Paul O., additional, Washenfelder, Rebecca A., additional, Wiggins, Elizabeth B., additional, Womack, Caroline C., additional, Xu, Lu, additional, Zarzana, Kyle J., additional, and Ryerson, Thomas B., additional

Published
2022
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24. Formaldehyde evolution in US wildfire plumes during the Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality experiment (FIREX-AQ)

Author

Liao, Jin, primary, Wolfe, Glenn M., additional, Hannun, Reem A., additional, St. Clair, Jason M., additional, Hanisco, Thomas F., additional, Gilman, Jessica B., additional, Lamplugh, Aaron, additional, Selimovic, Vanessa, additional, Diskin, Glenn S., additional, Nowak, John B., additional, Halliday, Hannah S., additional, DiGangi, Joshua P., additional, Hall, Samuel R., additional, Ullmann, Kirk, additional, Holmes, Christopher D., additional, Fite, Charles H., additional, Agastra, Anxhelo, additional, Ryerson, Thomas B., additional, Peischl, Jeff, additional, Bourgeois, Ilann, additional, Warneke, Carsten, additional, Coggon, Matthew M., additional, Gkatzelis, Georgios I., additional, Sekimoto, Kanako, additional, Fried, Alan, additional, Richter, Dirk, additional, Weibring, Petter, additional, Apel, Eric C., additional, Hornbrook, Rebecca S., additional, Brown, Steven S., additional, Womack, Caroline C., additional, Robinson, Michael A., additional, Washenfelder, Rebecca A., additional, Veres, Patrick R., additional, and Neuman, J. Andrew, additional

Published
2021
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25. Ozone chemistry in western U.S. wildfire plumes

Author

Xu, Lu, primary, Crounse, John D., additional, Vasquez, Krystal T., additional, Allen, Hannah, additional, Wennberg, Paul O., additional, Bourgeois, Ilann, additional, Brown, Steven S., additional, Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, additional, Coggon, Matthew M., additional, Crawford, James H., additional, DiGangi, Joshua P., additional, Diskin, Glenn S., additional, Fried, Alan, additional, Gargulinski, Emily M., additional, Gilman, Jessica B., additional, Gkatzelis, Georgios I., additional, Guo, Hongyu, additional, Hair, Johnathan W., additional, Hall, Samuel R., additional, Halliday, Hannah A., additional, Hanisco, Thomas F., additional, Hannun, Reem A., additional, Holmes, Christopher D., additional, Huey, L. Gregory, additional, Jimenez, Jose L., additional, Lamplugh, Aaron, additional, Lee, Young Ro, additional, Liao, Jin, additional, Lindaas, Jakob, additional, Neuman, J. Andrew, additional, Nowak, John B., additional, Peischl, Jeff, additional, Peterson, David A., additional, Piel, Felix, additional, Richter, Dirk, additional, Rickly, Pamela S., additional, Robinson, Michael A., additional, Rollins, Andrew W., additional, Ryerson, Thomas B., additional, Sekimoto, Kanako, additional, Selimovic, Vanessa, additional, Shingler, Taylor, additional, Soja, Amber J., additional, St. Clair, Jason M., additional, Tanner, David J., additional, Ullmann, Kirk, additional, Veres, Patrick R., additional, Walega, James, additional, Warneke, Carsten, additional, Washenfelder, Rebecca A., additional, Weibring, Petter, additional, Wisthaler, Armin, additional, Wolfe, Glenn M., additional, Womack, Caroline C., additional, and Yokelson, Robert J., additional

Published
2021
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26. Seasonal Variability in Local Carbon Dioxide Biomass Burning Sources Over Central and Eastern US Using Airborne In Situ Enhancement Ratios

Author

DiGangi, Joshua P., primary, Choi, Yonghoon, additional, Nowak, John B., additional, Halliday, Hannah S., additional, Diskin, Glenn S., additional, Feng, Sha, additional, Barkley, Zachary R., additional, Lauvaux, Thomas, additional, Pal, Sandip, additional, Davis, Kenneth J., additional, Baier, Bianca C., additional, and Sweeney, Colm, additional

Published
2021
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27. Novel Analysis to Quantify Plume Crosswind Heterogeneity Applied to Biomass Burning Smoke

Author

Decker, Zachary C. J., primary, Wang, Siyuan, additional, Bourgeois, Ilann, additional, Campuzano Jost, Pedro, additional, Coggon, Matthew M., additional, DiGangi, Joshua P., additional, Diskin, Glenn S., additional, Flocke, Frank M., additional, Franchin, Alessandro, additional, Fredrickson, Carley D., additional, Gkatzelis, Georgios I., additional, Hall, Samuel R., additional, Halliday, Hannah, additional, Hayden, Katherine, additional, Holmes, Christopher D., additional, Huey, L. Gregory, additional, Jimenez, Jose L., additional, Lee, Young Ro, additional, Lindaas, Jakob, additional, Middlebrook, Ann M., additional, Montzka, Denise D., additional, Neuman, J. Andrew, additional, Nowak, John B., additional, Pagonis, Demetrios, additional, Palm, Brett B., additional, Peischl, Jeff, additional, Piel, Felix, additional, Rickly, Pamela S., additional, Robinson, Michael A., additional, Rollins, Andrew W., additional, Ryerson, Thomas B., additional, Sekimoto, Kanako, additional, Thornton, Joel A., additional, Tyndall, Geoff S., additional, Ullmann, Kirk, additional, Veres, Patrick R., additional, Warneke, Carsten, additional, Washenfelder, Rebecca A., additional, Weinheimer, Andrew J., additional, Wisthaler, Armin, additional, Womack, Caroline, additional, and Brown, Steven S., additional

Published
2021
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28. Nighttime and daytime dark oxidation chemistry in wildfire plumes: an observation and model analysis of FIREX-AQ aircraft data

Author

Decker, Zachary C. J., primary, Robinson, Michael A., additional, Barsanti, Kelley C., additional, Bourgeois, Ilann, additional, Coggon, Matthew M., additional, DiGangi, Joshua P., additional, Diskin, Glenn S., additional, Flocke, Frank M., additional, Franchin, Alessandro, additional, Fredrickson, Carley D., additional, Gkatzelis, Georgios I., additional, Hall, Samuel R., additional, Halliday, Hannah, additional, Holmes, Christopher D., additional, Huey, L. Gregory, additional, Lee, Young Ro, additional, Lindaas, Jakob, additional, Middlebrook, Ann M., additional, Montzka, Denise D., additional, Moore, Richard, additional, Neuman, J. Andrew, additional, Nowak, John B., additional, Palm, Brett B., additional, Peischl, Jeff, additional, Piel, Felix, additional, Rickly, Pamela S., additional, Rollins, Andrew W., additional, Ryerson, Thomas B., additional, Schwantes, Rebecca H., additional, Sekimoto, Kanako, additional, Thornhill, Lee, additional, Thornton, Joel A., additional, Tyndall, Geoffrey S., additional, Ullmann, Kirk, additional, Van Rooy, Paul, additional, Veres, Patrick R., additional, Warneke, Carsten, additional, Washenfelder, Rebecca A., additional, Weinheimer, Andrew J., additional, Wiggins, Elizabeth, additional, Winstead, Edward, additional, Wisthaler, Armin, additional, Womack, Caroline, additional, and Brown, Steven S., additional

Published
2021
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29. Measurement report: Emission factors of NH3 and NHx for wildfires and agricultural fires in the United States.

Author

Tomsche, Laura, Piel, Felix, Mikoviny, Tomas, Nielsen, Claus J., Guo, Hongyu, Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, Nault, Benjamin A., Schueneman, Melinda K., Jimenez, Jose L., Halliday, Hannah, Diskin, Glenn S., DiGangi, Joshua P., Nowak, John B., Wiggins, Elizabeth B., Gargulinski, Emily, Soja, Amber J., and Wisthaler, Armin

Subjects
EMISSIONS (Air pollution), WILDFIRES, TIME-of-flight mass spectrometry, FOREST fires, PROTON transfer reactions, COMBUSTION efficiency
Abstract

During the 2019 Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) study, the NASA DC-8 carried out in situ chemical measurements in smoke plumes emitted from wildfires and agricultural fires in the contiguous US. The DC-8 payload included a modified proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) for the fast measurement of gaseous ammonia (NH3) and a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) for the fast measurement of submicron particulate ammonium (NH4+). We herein report data collected in smoke plumes emitted from six wildfires in the Western US, two prescribed grassland fires in the Central US, one prescribed forest fire in the Southern US, and 66 small agricultural fires in the Southeastern US. Smoke plumes contained double to triple digit ppb levels of NH3. In the wildfire plumes, a significant fraction of NH3 had already been converted to NH4+ at the time of sampling (≥2 h after emission). Substantial amounts of NH4+ were also detected in freshly emitted smoke from corn and rice field fires. We herein present a comprehensive set of emission factors of NH3 and NHx, with NHx = NH3 + NH4+. Average NH3 and NHx emission factors for wildfires in the Western US were 1.86 ± 0.75 g kg-1 of fuel burned and 2.47 ± 0.80 g kg-1, respectively. Average NH3 and NHx emission factors for agricultural fires in the Southeastern US were 0.89 ± 0.58 g kg-1 and 1.74 ± 0.92 g kg-1, respectively. Our data show no clear inverse correlation between modified combustion efficiency (MCE) and NH3 emissions. Importantly, we found that NH3 emissions in ambient sampling were significantly higher than observed in previous laboratory experiments with similar fuel types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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30. Reconciling Assumptions in Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for Estimating Aerosol Emission Rates from Wildland Fires using Observations from FIREX-AQ

Author

Wiggins, Elizabeth Brooke, primary, Anderson, Bruce, additional, Brown, Matthew, additional, Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, additional, Chen, Gao, additional, Crawford, James, additional, Crosbie, Ewan, additional, Dibb, Jack, additional, Digangi, Joshua, additional, Diskin, Glenn, additional, Fenn, Marta, additional, Gallo, Francesca, additional, Gargulinski, Emily, additional, Guo, Hongyu, additional, Hair, John, additional, Halliday, Hannah, additional, Ichoku, Charles, additional, Jimenez, Jose, additional, Jordan, Carolyn, additional, Katich, Joseph, additional, Nowak, John, additional, Perring, Anne, additional, Robinson, Claire, additional, Sanchez, Kevin, additional, Schueneman, Melinda, additional, Schwarz, Joshua, additional, Shingler, Taylor, additional, Shook, Michael, additional, Soja, Amber, additional, Stockwell, Chelsea, additional, Thornhill, Kenneth, additional, Travis, Katherine, additional, Warneke, Carsten, additional, Winstead, Edward, additional, Ziemba, Luke, additional, and Moore, Richard, additional

Published
2021
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31. Fossil Versus Nonfossil CO Sources in the US: New Airborne Constraints From ACT‐America and GEM

Author

Gonzalez, Andres, primary, Millet, Dylan B., additional, Yu, Xueying, additional, Wells, Kelley C., additional, Griffis, Timothy J., additional, Baier, Bianca C., additional, Campbell, Patrick C., additional, Choi, Yonghoon, additional, DiGangi, Joshua P., additional, Gvakharia, Alexander, additional, Halliday, Hannah S., additional, Kort, Eric A., additional, McKain, Kathryn, additional, Nowak, John B., additional, and Plant, Genevieve, additional

Published
2021
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32. Formaldehyde evolution in U.S. wildfire plumes during FIREX-AQ

Author

Liao, Jin, primary, Wolfe, Glenn M., additional, Hannun, Reem A., additional, St. Clair, Jason M., additional, Hanisco, Thomas F., additional, Gilman, Jessica B., additional, Lamplugh, Aaron, additional, Selimovic, Vanessa, additional, Diskin, Glenn S., additional, Nowak, John B., additional, Halliday, Hannah S., additional, DiGangi, Joshua P., additional, Hall, Samuel R., additional, Ullmann, Kirk, additional, Holmes, Christopher D., additional, Fite, Charles H., additional, Agastra, Anxhelo, additional, Ryerson, Thomas B., additional, Peischl, Jeff, additional, Bourgeois, Ilann, additional, Warneke, Carsten, additional, Coggon, Matthew M., additional, Gkatzelis, Georgios I., additional, Sekimoto, Kanako, additional, Fried, Alan, additional, Richter, Dirk, additional, Weibring, Petter, additional, Apel, Eric C., additional, Hornbrook, Rebecca S., additional, Brown, Steven S., additional, Womack, Caroline C., additional, Robinson, Michael A., additional, Washenfelder, Rebecca A., additional, Veres, Patrick R., additional, and Neuman, J. Andrew, additional

Published
2021
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33. Supplementary material to "Formaldehyde evolution in U.S. wildfire plumes during FIREX-AQ"

Author

Liao, Jin, primary, Wolfe, Glenn M., additional, Hannun, Reem A., additional, St. Clair, Jason M., additional, Hanisco, Thomas F., additional, Gilman, Jessica B., additional, Lamplugh, Aaron, additional, Selimovic, Vanessa, additional, Diskin, Glenn S., additional, Nowak, John B., additional, Halliday, Hannah S., additional, DiGangi, Joshua P., additional, Hall, Samuel R., additional, Ullmann, Kirk, additional, Holmes, Christopher D., additional, Fite, Charles H., additional, Agastra, Anxhelo, additional, Ryerson, Thomas B., additional, Peischl, Jeff, additional, Bourgeois, Ilann, additional, Warneke, Carsten, additional, Coggon, Matthew M., additional, Gkatzelis, Georgios I., additional, Sekimoto, Kanako, additional, Fried, Alan, additional, Richter, Dirk, additional, Weibring, Petter, additional, Apel, Eric C., additional, Hornbrook, Rebecca S., additional, Brown, Steven S., additional, Womack, Caroline C., additional, Robinson, Michael A., additional, Washenfelder, Rebecca A., additional, Veres, Patrick R., additional, and Neuman, J. Andrew, additional

Published
2021
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34. Supplementary material to "Nighttime and Daytime Dark Oxidation Chemistry in Wildfire Plumes: An Observation and Model Analysis of FIREX-AQ Aircraft Data"

Author

Decker, Zachary C. J., primary, Robinson, Michael A., additional, Barsanti, Kelley C., additional, Bourgeois, Ilann, additional, Coggon, Matthew M., additional, DiGangi, Joshua P., additional, Diskin, Glenn S., additional, Flocke, Frank M., additional, Franchin, Alessandro, additional, Fredrickson, Carley D., additional, Hall, Samuel R., additional, Halliday, Hannah, additional, Holmes, Christopher D., additional, Huey, L. Gregory, additional, Lee, Young Ro, additional, Lindaas, Jakob, additional, Middlebrook, Ann M., additional, Montzka, Denise D., additional, Moore, Richard H., additional, Neuman, J. Andrew, additional, Nowak, John B., additional, Palm, Brett B., additional, Peischl, Jeff, additional, Rickly, Pamela S., additional, Rollins, Andrew W., additional, Ryerson, Thomas B., additional, Schwantes, Rebecca H., additional, Thornhill, Lee, additional, Thornton, Joel A., additional, Tyndall, Geoff S., additional, Ullmann, Kirk, additional, Van Rooy, Paul, additional, Veres, Patrick R., additional, Weinheimer, Andrew J., additional, Wiggins, Elizabeth, additional, Winstead, Edward, additional, Womack, Caroline, additional, and Brown, Steven S., additional

Published
2021
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35. Emission factors and evolution of SO2 measured from biomass burning in wild and agricultural fires.

Author

Rickly, Pamela, Guo, Hongyu, Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, Jimenez, Jose L., Wolfe, Glenn M., Bennett, Ryan, Bourgeois, Ilann, Crounse, John D., Dibb, Jack E., DiGangi, Joshua P., Diskin, Glenn S., Dollner, Maximilian, Gargulinski, Emily M., Hall, Samuel R., Halliday, Hannah S., Hanisco, Thomas F., Hannun, Reem A., Liao, Jin, Moore, Richard, and Nault, Benjamin A.

Abstract

Fires emit sufficient sulfur to affect local and regional air quality and climate. This study analyzes SO2 emission factors and variability in smoke plumes from US wild and agricultural fires, and their relationship to sulfate and hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) formation. Observed SO2 emission factors for various fuel types show good agreement with the latest reviews of biomass burning emission factors, producing an emission factor range of 0.47–1.2 g SO2 kg-1 C in the emissions. These emission factors vary with geographic location in a way that suggests that deposition of coal burning emissions and application of sulfur-containing fertilizers likely play a role in the larger observed values, which are primarily associated with agricultural burning. A 0-D box model generally reproduces the observed trends of SO2 and total sulfate (inorganic + organic) in aging wildfire plumes. In many cases, modeled HMS is consistent with the observed organosulfur concentrations. However, a comparison of observed organosulfur and modeled HMS suggests that multiple organosulfur compounds are likely responsible for the observations, but that the chemistry of these compounds yield similar production and loss rates to that of HMS, resulting in good agreement with the modeled results. We provide suggestions for constraining the organosulfur compounds observed during these flights and we show that the chemistry of HMS can allow for organosulfur to act as a S(IV) reservoir under conditions of increased pH (>6) and liquid water content (>10-7 g m-3). This can facilitate long-range transport of sulfur emissions resulting in increased SO2 and eventually sulfate in transported smoke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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36. Fossil vs. non-fossil CO sources in the US: New airborne constraints from ACT-America and GEM

Author

Gonzalez, Andres, primary, Millet, Dylan B., additional, Yu, Xueying, additional, Wells, Kelley C., additional, Griffis, Timothy J., additional, Baier, Bianca C., additional, Campbell, Patrick, additional, Choi, Yonghoon, additional, DiGangi, Joshua Paul, additional, Gvakharia, Alexander, additional, Halliday, Hannah Selene, additional, Kort, Eric A., additional, McKain, Kathryn, additional, Nowak, John B., additional, and Plant, Genevieve, additional

Published
2021
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38. Airborne extractive electrospray mass spectrometry measurements of the chemical composition of organic aerosol

Author

Pagonis, Demetrios, primary, Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, additional, Guo, Hongyu, additional, Day, Douglas A., additional, Schueneman, Melinda K., additional, Brown, Wyatt L., additional, Nault, Benjamin A., additional, Stark, Harald, additional, Siemens, Kyla, additional, Laskin, Alex, additional, Piel, Felix, additional, Tomsche, Laura, additional, Wisthaler, Armin, additional, Coggon, Matthew M., additional, Gkatzelis, Georgios I., additional, Halliday, Hannah S., additional, Krechmer, Jordan E., additional, Moore, Richard H., additional, Thomson, David S., additional, Warneke, Carsten, additional, Wiggins, Elizabeth B., additional, and Jimenez, Jose L., additional

Published
2021
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39. Seasonal Variability in Local Carbon Dioxide Combustion Sources over the Central and Eastern US using Airborne In-Situ Enhancement Ratios

Author

DiGangi, Joshua Paul, primary, Choi, Yonghoon, additional, Nowak, John B., additional, Halliday, Hannah Selene, additional, Diskin, Glenn S., additional, Feng, Sha, additional, Barkley, Zachary Robert, additional, Lauvaux, Thomas, additional, Pal, Sandip, additional, Davis, Kenneth J., additional, Baier, Bianca C., additional, and Sweeney, Colm, additional

Published
2021
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40. Atmospheric Carbon and Transport – America (ACT-America) Datasets: Description, Management, and Delivery

Author

Wei, Yaxing, primary, Shrestha, Rupesh, additional, Pal, Sandip, additional, Gerken, Tobias, additional, McNelis, Jack, additional, Deb, Debjani, additional, Thornton, Michele, additional, Boyer, Alison, additional, Shook, Michael, additional, Chen, Gao, additional, Baier, Bianca, additional, Barkley, Zachary, additional, Barrick, John, additional, Bennett, Joseph, additional, Browell, Edward, additional, Campbell, Joel, additional, Campbell, Lily, additional, Choi, Yonghoon, additional, Collins, James, additional, Dobler, Jeremy, additional, Eckl, Maximilian, additional, Feng, Sha, additional, Fiehn, Alina, additional, FRIED, ALAN, additional, DiGangi, Joshua, additional, Barton-Grimley, Rory, additional, Halliday, Hannah, additional, Klausner, Theresa, additional, Kooi, Susan, additional, Kostinek, Julian, additional, Lauvaux, Thomas, additional, Lin, Bing, additional, McGill, Matthew, additional, Meadows, Byron, additional, Miles, Natasha, additional, Nehrir, Amin, additional, Nowak, John, additional, Obland, Michael, additional, O'Dell, Christopher, additional, Fao, Rebecca, additional, Richardson, Scott, additional, Richter, Dirk, additional, Roiger, Anke, additional, Sweeney, Colm, additional, Walega, James, additional, Weibring, Petter, additional, Williams, Christopher A., additional, Yang, Melissa, additional, Zhou, Yu, additional, and Davis, Kenneth, additional

Published
2021
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41. High Temporal Resolution Satellite Observations of Fire Radiative Power Reveal Link Between Fire Behavior and Aerosol and Gas Emissions

Author

Wiggins, Elizabeth B., primary, Soja, Amber J., additional, Gargulinski, Emily, additional, Halliday, Hannah S., additional, Pierce, R. Bradley, additional, Schmidt, Christopher C., additional, Nowak, John B., additional, DiGangi, Joshua P., additional, Diskin, Glenn S., additional, Katich, Joseph M., additional, Perring, Anne E., additional, Schwarz, Joshua P., additional, Anderson, Bruce E., additional, Chen, Gao, additional, Crosbie, Ewan C., additional, Jordan, Carolyn, additional, Robinson, Claire E., additional, Sanchez, Kevin J., additional, Shingler, Taylor J., additional, Shook, Michael, additional, Thornhill, Kenneth L., additional, Winstead, Edward L., additional, Ziemba, Luke D., additional, and Moore, Richard H., additional

Published
2020
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42. Autonomous airborne mid-infrared spectrometer for high-precision measurements of ethane during the NASA ACT-America studies

Author

Weibring, Petter, primary, Richter, Dirk, additional, Walega, James G., additional, Fried, Alan, additional, DiGangi, Joshua, additional, Halliday, Hannah, additional, Choi, Yonghoon, additional, Baier, Bianca, additional, Sweeney, Colm, additional, Miller, Ben, additional, Davis, Kenneth J., additional, Barkley, Zachary, additional, and Obland, Michael D., additional

Published
2020
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43. High Temporal Resolution Satellite Observations of Fire Radiative Power Reveal Link Between Fire Behavior and Aerosol and Gas Emissions

Author

Wiggins, Elizabeth Brooke, primary, Soja, Amber Jeanine, additional, Gargulinski, Emily M., additional, Halliday, Hannah Selene, additional, Pierce, Brad, additional, Schmidt, Christopher C., additional, Nowak, John B., additional, DiGangi, Joshua Paul, additional, Diskin, Glenn S., additional, Katich, Joseph M., additional, Perring, Anne E., additional, Schwarz, Joshua Peter, additional, Anderson, Bruce E., additional, Chen, Gao, additional, Crosbie, Ewan, additional, Jordan, Carolyn, additional, Robinson, Claire E, additional, Sanchez, Kevin, additional, Shingler, Taylor, additional, Shook, Michael, additional, Thornhill, Kenneth L, additional, Winstead, Edward L, additional, Ziemba, Luke D., additional, and Moore, Richard H, additional

Published
2020
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44. Supplementary material to "Airborne Extractive Electrospray Mass Spectrometry Measurements of the Chemical Composition of Organic Aerosol"

Author

Pagonis, Demetrios, primary, Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, additional, Guo, Hongyu, additional, Day, Douglas A., additional, Schueneman, Melinda K., additional, Brown, Wyatt L., additional, Nault, Benjamin A., additional, Stark, Harald, additional, Siemens, Kyla, additional, Laskin, Alex, additional, Piel, Felix, additional, Tomsche, Laura, additional, Wisthaler, Armin, additional, Coggon, Matthew M., additional, Gkatzelis, Georgios I., additional, Halliday, Hannah S., additional, Krechmer, Jordan E., additional, Moore, Richard H., additional, Thomson, David S., additional, Warneke, Carsten, additional, Wiggins, Elizabeth B., additional, and Jimenez, Jose L., additional

Published
2020
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45. Airborne Extractive Electrospray Mass Spectrometry Measurements of the Chemical Composition of Organic Aerosol

Author

Pagonis, Demetrios, primary, Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, additional, Guo, Hongyu, additional, Day, Douglas A., additional, Schueneman, Melinda K., additional, Brown, Wyatt L., additional, Nault, Benjamin A., additional, Stark, Harald, additional, Siemens, Kyla, additional, Laskin, Alex, additional, Piel, Felix, additional, Tomsche, Laura, additional, Wisthaler, Armin, additional, Coggon, Matthew M., additional, Gkatzelis, Georgios I., additional, Halliday, Hannah S., additional, Krechmer, Jordan E., additional, Moore, Richard H., additional, Thomson, David S., additional, Warneke, Carsten, additional, Wiggins, Elizabeth B., additional, and Jimenez, Jose L., additional

Published
2020
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46. Comparison of airborne measurements of NO, NO2, HONO, NOy and CO during FIREX-AQ.

Author

Bourgeois, Ilann, Peischl, Jeff, Neuman, J. Andrew, Brown, Steven S., Allen, Hannah M., Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, Coggon, Matthew M., DiGangi, Joshua P., Diskin, Glenn S., Gilman, Jessica B., Gkatzelis, Georgios I., Hongyu Guo, Halliday, Hannah A., Hanisco, Thomas F., Holmes, Christopher D., Huey, L. Gregory, Jimenez, Jose L., Lamplugh, Aaron D., Young Ro Lee, and Lindaas, Jakob

Subjects
CHEMICAL ionization mass spectrometry, NITROGEN oxides, WILDFIRE prevention, LASER-induced fluorescence, SMOKE plumes, PARTICULATE nitrate, FIRE detectors, TUNABLE lasers
Abstract

We present a comparison of fast-response instruments installed onboard the NASA DC-8 aircraft that measured nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2), nitrous acid (HONO), total reactive odd nitrogen (measured both as the total (NOy) and from the sum of individually measured species ( ?NOy)) and carbon monoxide (CO) in the troposphere during the 2019 Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) campaign. By targeting smoke from summertime wildfires, prescribed fires and agricultural burns across the continental United States, FIREX-AQ provided a unique opportunity to investigate measurement accuracy in concentrated plumes where hundreds of species coexist. Here, we compare NO measurements by chemiluminescence (CL) and laser induced fluorescence LIF); NO2 measurements by CL, LIF and cavity enhanced spectroscopy (CES); HONO measurements by CES and iodide-adduct chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS); and CO measurements by tunable diode laser absorption spectrometry (TDLAS) and integrated cavity output spectroscopy (ICOS). Additionally, total NOy measurements using the CL instrument were compared with  ?NOy (= NO + NO2 + HONO + nitric acid (HNO3) + acyl peroxy nitrates (APNs) + submicron particulate nitrate (pNO3)). The aircraft instrument intercomparisons demonstrate the following: 1) NO measurements by CL and LIF agreed well within instrument uncertainties, but with potentially reduced time response for the CL instrument; 2) NO2 measurements by LIF and CES agreed well within instrument uncertainties, but CL NO2 was on average 10% higher; 3) CES and CIMS HONO measurements were highly correlated in each fire plume transect, but the correlation slope of CES vs. CIMS for all 1 Hz data during FIREX-AQ was 1.8, which we attribute to a reduction in the CIMS sensitivity to HONO in high temperature environments; 4) NOy budget closure was demonstrated for all flights within the combined instrument uncertainties of 25%. However, we used a fluid dynamic flow model to estimate that average pNO3 sampling fraction through the NOy inlet in smoke was variable from one flight to another and ranged between 0.36 and 0.99, meaning that approximately 0–24% on average of the total measured NOy in smoke may have been unaccounted for and may be due to unmeasured species such as organic nitrates; 5) CO measurements by ICOS and TDLAS agreed well within combined instrument uncertainties, but with a systematic offset that averaged 2.87 ppbv; and 6) integrating smoke plumes followed by fitting the integrated values of each plume improved the correlation between independent measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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50. On the relationship between tropospheric CO and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; during KORUS-AQ and its role in constraining anthropogenic CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

Author

Tang, Wenfu, primary, Gaubert, Benjamin, additional, Emmons, Louisa, additional, Choi, Yonghoon, additional, DiGangi, Joshua P., additional, Diskin, Glenn S., additional, Xu, Xiaomei, additional, He, Cenlin, additional, Worden, Helen, additional, Tilmes, Simone, additional, Buchholz, Rebecca, additional, Halliday, Hannah S., additional, and Arellano, Avelino F., additional

Published
2020
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