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326 results on '"Hallman, D."'

1. Bounds on the complex viscoelasticity for surface waves on ice-covered seas

Author

Sampson, C., Hallman, D., Murphy, N. B., Cherkaev, E., and Golden, K. M.

Subjects
Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

Oceanic wave propagation through Earth's sea ice covers is a critical component of accurate ice and climate modeling. Continuum models of the polar ocean surface layer are characterized rheologically by the effective complex viscoelasticity of the composite of ice floes and sea water. Here we present the first rigorous theory of this parameter, and distill its dependence on mixture geometry into the spectral properties of a self-adjoint operator analogous to the Hamiltonian in quantum physics. Bounds for the complex viscoelasticity are obtained from the sea ice concentration and the contrast between the elastic and viscous properties of the ice and water/slush constituents. We find that several published wave attenuation datasets in both laboratory and field settings fall well within the bounds for specific contrast values of the ice/ocean composite., Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure

Published
2024

2. Initial measurement of reactor antineutrino oscillation at SNO+

Author

Allega, A, Anderson, MR, Andringa, S, Askins, M, Auty, DJ, Bacon, A, Baker, J, Barão, F, Barros, N, Bayes, R, Beier, EW, Bezerra, TS, Bialek, A, Biller, SD, Blucher, E, Caden, E, Callaghan, EJ, Chen, M, Cheng, S, Cleveland, B, Cookman, D, Corning, J, Cox, MA, Dehghani, R, Deloye, J, Depatie, MM, Di Lodovico, F, Dima, C, Dittmer, J, Dixon, KH, Esmaeilian, MS, Falk, E, Fatemighomi, N, Ford, R, Gaur, A, González-Reina, OI, Gooding, D, Grant, C, Grove, J, Hall, S, Hallin, AL, Hallman, D, Heintzelman, WJ, Helmer, RL, Hewitt, C, Howard, V, Hreljac, B, Hu, J, Huang, P, Hunt-Stokes, R, Hussain, SMA, Inácio, AS, Jillings, CJ, Kaluzienski, S, Kaptanoglu, T, Khan, H, Kladnik, J, Klein, JR, Kormos, LL, Krar, B, Kraus, C, Krauss, CB, Kroupová, T, Lake, C, Lebanowski, L, Lefebvre, C, Lozza, V, Luo, M, Maio, A, Manecki, S, Maneira, J, Martin, RD, McCauley, N, McDonald, AB, Mills, C, Milton, G, Colina, A Molina, Morris, D, Morton-Blake, I, Mubasher, M, Naugle, S, Nolan, LJ, O’Keeffe, HM, Gann, GD Orebi, Page, J, Paleshi, K, Parker, W, Paton, J, Peeters, SJM, Pickard, L, Quenallata, B, Ravi, P, Reichold, A, Riccetto, S, Rose, J, Rosero, R, Semenec, I, Simms, J, Skensved, P, and Smiley, M

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Atomic, molecular and optical physics, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract

Abstract: The SNO$$+$$ + collaboration reports its first spectral analysis of long-baseline reactor antineutrino oscillation using 114 tonne-years of data. Fitting the neutrino oscillation probability to the observed energy spectrum yields constraints on the neutrino mass-squared difference $$\Delta m^2_{21}$$ Δ m 21 2 . In the ranges allowed by previous measurements, the best-fit $$\Delta m^2_{21}$$ Δ m 21 2 is ($$8.85^{+1.10}_{-1.33}$$ 8 . 85 - 1.33 + 1.10 ) $$\times $$ × $$10^{-5}$$ 10 - 5 $$\hbox {eV}^2$$ eV 2 . This measurement is continuing in the next phases of SNO+ and is expected to surpass the present global precision on $$\Delta m^2_{21}$$ Δ m 21 2 with about three years of data.

Published
2025

3. Measurement of the B8 solar neutrino flux using the full SNO+ water phase dataset

Author

Allega, A, Anderson, MR, Andringa, S, Askins, M, Asner, DM, Auty, DJ, Bacon, A, Barão, F, Barros, N, Bayes, R, Beier, EW, Bialek, A, Biller, SD, Blucher, E, Caden, E, Callaghan, EJ, Chen, M, Cheng, S, Cleveland, B, Cookman, D, Corning, J, Cox, MA, Dehghani, R, Deloye, J, Depatie, MM, Di Lodovico, F, Dima, C, Dittmer, J, Dixon, KH, Esmaeilian, MS, Falk, E, Fatemighomi, N, Ford, R, Gaur, A, González-Reina, OI, Gooding, D, Grant, C, Grove, J, Hall, S, Hallin, AL, Hallman, D, Heintzelman, WJ, Helmer, RL, Hewitt, C, Hreljac, B, Hu, J, Huang, P, Hunt-Stokes, R, Hussain, SMA, Inácio, AS, Jillings, CJ, Kaluzienski, S, Kaptanoglu, T, Kladnik, J, Klein, JR, Kormos, LL, Krar, B, Kraus, C, Krauss, CB, Kroupová, T, Lake, C, Lebanowski, L, Lefebvre, C, Lozza, V, Luo, M, Maio, A, Manecki, S, Maneira, J, Martin, RD, McCauley, N, McDonald, AB, Milton, G, Morris, D, Mubasher, M, Naugle, S, Nolan, LJ, O’Keeffe, HM, Gann, GD Orebi, Page, J, Paleshi, K, Parker, W, Paton, J, Peeters, SJM, Pickard, L, Quenallata, B, Ravi, P, Reichold, A, Riccetto, S, Rose, J, Rosero, R, Semenec, I, Simms, J, Skensved, P, Smiley, M, Svoboda, R, Tam, B, Tseng, J, Vázquez-Jáuregui, E, Virtue, CJ, and Ward, M

Subjects
Particle and High Energy Physics, Mathematical Physics, Mathematical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Astronomical Sciences
Abstract

The SNO+ detector operated initially as a water Cherenkov detector. The implementation of a sealed cover gas system midway through water data taking resulted in a significant reduction in the activity of Rn222 daughters in the detector and allowed the lowest background to the solar electron scattering signal above 5 MeV achieved to date. This paper reports an updated SNO+ water phase B8 solar neutrino analysis with a total livetime of 282.4 days and an analysis threshold of 3.5 MeV. The B8 solar neutrino flux is found to be (2.32-0.17+0.18(stat)-0.05+0.07(syst))×106 cm-2 s-1 assuming no neutrino oscillations, or (5.36-0.39+0.41(stat)-0.16+0.17(syst))×106 cm-2 s-1 assuming standard neutrino oscillation parameters, in good agreement with both previous measurements and standard solar model calculations. The electron recoil spectrum is presented above 3.5 MeV.

Published
2024

4. Measurement of the $^8$B Solar Neutrino Flux Using the Full SNO+ Water Phase Dataset

Author

Collaboration, SNO, Allega, A., Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Askins, M., Asner, D. M., Auty, D. J., Bacon, A., Barão, F., Barros, N., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Chen, M., Cheng, S., Cleveland, B., Cookman, D., Corning, J., Cox, M. A., Dehghani, R., Deloye, J., Depatie, M. M., Di Lodovico, F., Dima, C., Dittmer, J., Dixon, K. H., Esmaeilian, M. S., Falk, E., Fatemighomi, N., Ford, R., Gaur, A., González-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Grant, C., Grove, J., Hall, S., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Hewitt, C., Hreljac, B., Hu, J., Huang, P., Hunt-Stokes, R., Hussain, S. M. A., Inácio, A. S., Jillings, C. J., Kaluzienski, S., Kaptanoglu, T., Kladnik, J., Klein, J. R., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupová, T., Lake, C., Lebanowski, L., Lefebvre, C., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maio, A., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Milton, G., Morris, D., Mubasher, M., Naugle, S., Nolan, L. J., O'Keeffe, H. M., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Page, J., Paleshi, K., Parker, W., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pickard, L., Quenallata, B., Ravi, P., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Semenec, I., Simms, J., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Svoboda, R., Tam, B., Tseng, J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Virtue, C. J., Ward, M., Wilson, J. R., Wilson, J. D., Wright, A., Yang, S., Yeh, M., Ye, Z., Yu, S., Zhang, Y., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The SNO+ detector operated initially as a water Cherenkov detector. The implementation of a sealed covergas system midway through water data taking resulted in a significant reduction in the activity of $^{222}$Rn daughters in the detector and allowed the lowest background to the solar electron scattering signal above 5 MeV achieved to date. This paper reports an updated SNO+ water phase $^8$B solar neutrino analysis with a total livetime of 282.4 days and an analysis threshold of 3.5 MeV. The $^8$B solar neutrino flux is found to be $\left(2.32^{+0.18}_{-0.17}\text{(stat.)}^{+0.07}_{-0.05}\text{(syst.)}\right)\times10^{6}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ assuming no neutrino oscillations, or $\left(5.36^{+0.41}_{-0.39}\text{(stat.)}^{+0.17}_{-0.16}\text{(syst.)} \right)\times10^{6}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ assuming standard neutrino oscillation parameters, in good agreement with both previous measurements and Standard Solar Model Calculations. The electron recoil spectrum is presented above 3.5 MeV., Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures, v2: minor updates to match PRD publication

Published
2024
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5. Initial measurement of reactor antineutrino oscillation at SNO+

Author

Collaboration, SNO, Allega, A., Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Askins, M., Asner, D. M., Auty, D. J., Bacon, A., Baker, J., Barão, F., Barros, N., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bezerra, T. S., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Chen, M., Cheng, S., Cleveland, B., Cookman, D., Corning, J., Cox, M. A., Dehghani, R., Deloye, J., Depatie, M. M., Di Lodovico, F., Dima, C., Dittmer, J., Dixon, K. H., Esmaeilian, M. S., Falk, E., Fatemighomi, N., Ford, R., Gaur, A., González-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Grant, C., Grove, J., Hall, S., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Hewitt, C., Howard, V., Hreljac, B., Hu, J., Huang, P., Hunt-Stokes, R., Hussain, S. M. A., Inácio, A. S., Jillings, C. J., Kaluzienski, S., Kaptanoglu, T., Khan, H., Kladnik, J., Klein, J. R., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupová, T., Lake, C., Lebanowski, L., Lefebvre, C., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maio, A., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Mills, C., Milton, G., Colina, A. Molina, Morris, D., Morton-Blake, I., Mubasher, M., Naugle, S., Nolan, L. J., O'Keeffe, H. M., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Page, J., Paleshi, K., Parker, W., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pickard, L., Quenallata, B., Ravi, P., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Semenec, I., Simms, J., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Smith, J., Svoboda, R., Tam, B., Tseng, J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., Ward, M., Weigand, J. J., Wilson, J. R., Wilson, J. D., Wright, A., Yang, S., Yeh, M., Ye, Z., Yu, S., Zhang, Y., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The SNO+ collaboration reports its first spectral analysis of long-baseline reactor antineutrino oscillation using 114 tonne-years of data. Fitting the neutrino oscillation probability to the observed energy spectrum yields constraints on the neutrino mass-squared difference $\Delta m^2_{21}$. In the ranges allowed by previous measurements, the best-fit $\Delta m^2_{21}$ is (8.85$^{+1.10}_{-1.33}$) $\times$ 10$^{-5}$ eV$^2$. This measurement is continuing in the next phases of SNO+ and is expected to surpass the present global precision on $\Delta m^2_{21}$ with about three years of data.

Published
2024
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6. Spectral measures and iterative bounds for effective diffusivity of steady and space-time periodic flows

Author

Murphy, N. B., Hallman, D., Cherkaev, E., Xin, J., and Golden, K. M.

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics, Physics - Applied Physics, Physics - Computational Physics, Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

Over three decades ago the advection-diffusion equation for a steady fluid velocity field was homogenized, leading to a Stieltjes integral representation for the effective diffusivity, which is given in terms of a spectral measure of a compact self-adjoint operator and the P\'eclet number of the fluid flow. This result was recently extended to space-time periodic flows, instead involving an unbounded self-adjoint operator. Pad\'e approximants provide rigorous upper and lower bounds for Stieltjes functions in terms of the moments of the spectral measure. However, with the lack of a method for calculating the moments of the spectral measure for general fluid velocity fields, the utility of this powerful mathematical framework for calculating bounds for the effective diffusivity has not been fully realized. Here we significantly expand the applicability of this framework by providing an iterative method that enables an arbitrary number of moments, hence bounds, to be calculated analytically in closed form for both spatially and space-time periodic flows. The method is demonstrated for periodic flows in two spatial dimensions. The known asymptotic behavior of the effective diffusivity for a steady flow is accurately captured by high order upper and lower bounds, demonstrating the ability of the method to provide accurate estimates for the effective diffusivity for a broad range of parameter values., Comment: 20 pages, 6 figures, and 2 tables

Published
2024

7. Evidence of Antineutrinos from Distant Reactors using Pure Water at SNO+

Author

Collaboration, SNO, Allega, A., Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Antunes, J., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Bacon, A., Barros, N., Barao, F., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bezerra, T. S., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Cheng, S., Chen, M., Cleveland, B., Cookman, D., Corning, J., Cox, M. A., Dehghani, R., Deloye, J., Deluce, C., Depatie, M. M., Dittmer, J., Dixon, K. H., Di Lodovico, F., Falk, E., Fatemighomi, N., Ford, R., Frankiewicz, K., Gaur, A., Gonzalez-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Grant, C., Grove, J., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Hu, J., Hunt-Stokes, R., Hussain, S. M. A., Inacio, A. S., Jillings, C. J., Kaluzienski, S., Kaptanoglu, T., Khaghani, P., Khan, H., Klein, J. R., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupova, T., Lam, I., Land, B. J., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Lee, J., Lefebvre, C., Lidgard, J., Lin, Y. H., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maio, A., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Mills, C., Morton-Blake, I., Naugle, S., Nolan, L. J., O'Keeffe, H. M., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Page, J., Parker, W., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pickard, L., Ravi, P., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Rumleskie, J., Semenec, I., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Svoboda, R., Tam, B., Tseng, J., Turner, E., Valder, S., Virtue, C. J., Vazquez-Jauregui, E., Wang, J., Ward, M., Wilson, J. R., Wilson, J. D., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yang, S., Yeh, M., Yu, S., Zhang, Y., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The SNO+ Collaboration reports the first evidence of reactor antineutrinos in a Cherenkov detector. The nearest nuclear reactors are located 240~km away in Ontario, Canada. This analysis uses events with energies lower than in any previous analysis with a large water Cherenkov detector. Two analytical methods are used to distinguish reactor antineutrinos from background events in 190 days of data and yield consistent evidence for antineutrinos with a combined significance of 3.5$\sigma$., Comment: v2: add missing author, add link to supplemental material v3: minor updates to match PRL publication

Published
2022
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8. Evidence of Antineutrinos from Distant Reactors Using Pure Water at SNO+

Author

Allega, A, Anderson, MR, Andringa, S, Antunes, J, Askins, M, Auty, DJ, Bacon, A, Barros, N, Barão, F, Bayes, R, Beier, EW, Bezerra, TS, Bialek, A, Biller, SD, Blucher, E, Caden, E, Callaghan, EJ, Cheng, S, Chen, M, Cleveland, B, Cookman, D, Corning, J, Cox, MA, Dehghani, R, Deloye, J, Deluce, C, Depatie, MM, Dittmer, J, Dixon, KH, Di Lodovico, F, Falk, E, Fatemighomi, N, Ford, R, Frankiewicz, K, Gaur, A, González-Reina, OI, Gooding, D, Grant, C, Grove, J, Hallin, AL, Hallman, D, Heintzelman, WJ, Helmer, RL, Hu, J, Hunt-Stokes, R, Hussain, SMA, Inácio, AS, Jillings, CJ, Kaluzienski, S, Kaptanoglu, T, Khaghani, P, Khan, H, Klein, JR, Kormos, LL, Krar, B, Kraus, C, Krauss, CB, Kroupová, T, Lam, I, Land, BJ, Lawson, I, Lebanowski, L, Lee, J, Lefebvre, C, Lidgard, J, Lin, YH, Lozza, V, Luo, M, Maio, A, Manecki, S, Maneira, J, Martin, RD, McCauley, N, McDonald, AB, Mills, C, Morton-Blake, I, Naugle, S, Nolan, LJ, O’Keeffe, HM, Gann, GD Orebi, Page, J, Parker, W, Paton, J, Peeters, SJM, Pickard, L, Ravi, P, Reichold, A, Riccetto, S, Richardson, R, Rigan, M, Rose, J, Rosero, R, Rumleskie, J, Semenec, I, Skensved, P, Smiley, M, Svoboda, R, Tam, B, Tseng, J, and Turner, E

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Physical Sciences, SNO+ Collaboration, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract

The SNO+ Collaboration reports the first evidence of reactor antineutrinos in a Cherenkov detector. The nearest nuclear reactors are located 240 km away in Ontario, Canada. This analysis uses events with energies lower than in any previous analysis with a large water Cherenkov detector. Two analytical methods are used to distinguish reactor antineutrinos from background events in 190 days of data and yield consistent evidence for antineutrinos with a combined significance of 3.5σ.

Published
2023

9. Improved search for invisible modes of nucleon decay in water with the SNO+ detector

Author

Collaboration, SNO, Allega, A., Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Bacon, A., Barros, N., Barão, F., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bezerra, T. S., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Cheng, S., Chen, M., Chkvorets, O., Cleveland, B., Cookman, D., Corning, J., Cox, M. A., Dehghani, R., Deluce, C., Depatie, M. M., Dittmer, J., Dixon, K. H., Di Lodovico, F., Falk, E., Fatemighomi, N., Ford, R., Frankiewicz, K., Gaur, A., González-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Grant, C., Grove, J., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Hartnell, J., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Hu, J., Hunt-Stokes, R., Hussain, S. M. A., Inácio, A. S., Jillings, C. J., Kaptanoglu, T., Khaghani, P., Khan, H., Klein, J. R., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupová, T., Lam, I., Land, B. J., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Lee, J., Lefebvre, C., Lidgard, J., Lin, Y. H., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maio, A., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Meyer, M., Mills, C., Morton-Blake, I., Naugle, S., Nolan, L. J., O'Keeffe, H. M., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Page, J., Parker, W., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pickard, L., Ravi, P., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Rose, J., Rumleskie, J., Semenec, I., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Svoboda, R., Tam, B., Tseng, J., Turner, E., Valder, S., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Wang, J., Ward, M., Weigand, J. J., Wilson, J. D., Wilson, J. R., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yang, S., Yeh, M., Yu, S., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

This paper reports results from a search for single and multi-nucleon disappearance from the $^{16}$O nucleus in water within the \snoplus{} detector using all of the available data. These so-called "invisible" decays do not directly deposit energy within the detector but are instead detected through their subsequent nuclear de-excitation and gamma-ray emission. New limits are given for the partial lifetimes: $\tau(n\rightarrow inv) > 9.0\times10^{29}$ years, $\tau(p\rightarrow inv) > 9.6\times10^{29}$ years, $\tau(nn\rightarrow inv) > 1.5\times10^{28}$ years, $\tau(np\rightarrow inv) > 6.0\times10^{28}$ years, and $\tau(pp\rightarrow inv) > 1.1\times10^{29}$ years at 90\% Bayesian credibility level (with a prior uniform in rate). All but the ($nn\rightarrow inv$) results improve on existing limits by a factor of about 3.

Published
2022
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10. Improved search for invisible modes of nucleon decay in water with the SNO+detector

Author

Allega, A, Anderson, MR, Andringa, S, Askins, M, Auty, DJ, Bacon, A, Barros, N, Barão, F, Bayes, R, Beier, EW, Bezerra, TS, Bialek, A, Biller, SD, Blucher, E, Caden, E, Callaghan, EJ, Cheng, S, Chen, M, Chkvorets, O, Cleveland, B, Cookman, D, Corning, J, Cox, MA, Dehghani, R, Deluce, C, Depatie, MM, Dittmer, J, Dixon, KH, Di Lodovico, F, Falk, E, Fatemighomi, N, Ford, R, Frankiewicz, K, Gaur, A, González-Reina, OI, Gooding, D, Grant, C, Grove, J, Hallin, AL, Hallman, D, Hartnell, J, Heintzelman, WJ, Helmer, RL, Hu, J, Hunt-Stokes, R, Hussain, SMA, Inácio, AS, Jillings, CJ, Kaptanoglu, T, Khaghani, P, Khan, H, Klein, JR, Kormos, LL, Krar, B, Kraus, C, Krauss, CB, Kroupová, T, Lam, I, Land, BJ, Lawson, I, Lebanowski, L, Lee, J, Lefebvre, C, Lidgard, J, Lin, YH, Lozza, V, Luo, M, Maio, A, Manecki, S, Maneira, J, Martin, RD, McCauley, N, McDonald, AB, Meyer, M, Mills, C, Morton-Blake, I, Naugle, S, Nolan, LJ, O’Keeffe, HM, Gann, GD Orebi, Page, J, Parker, W, Paton, J, Peeters, SJM, Pickard, L, Ravi, P, Reichold, A, Riccetto, S, Richardson, R, Rigan, M, Rose, J, Rumleskie, J, Semenec, I, Skensved, P, Smiley, M, Svoboda, R, Tam, B, Tseng, J, Turner, E, and Valder, S

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences
Abstract

This paper reports results from a search for single and multinucleon disappearance from the O16 nucleus in water within the SNO+ detector using all of the available data. These so-called "invisible"decays do not directly deposit energy within the detector but are instead detected through their subsequent nuclear deexcitation and gamma-ray emission. New limits are given for the partial lifetimes: τ(n→inv)>9.0×1029 years, τ(p→inv)>9.6×1029 years, τ(nn→inv)>1.5×1028 years, τ(np→inv)>6.0×1028 years, and τ(pp→inv)>1.1×1029 years at 90% Bayesian credibility level (with a prior uniform in rate). All but the (nn→inv) results improve on existing limits by a factor of about 3.

Published
2022

11. Optical calibration of the SNO+ detector in the water phase with deployed sources

Author

Collaboration, SNO, Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Barão, F., Barros, N., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Boulay, M., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Caravaca, J., Chen, M., Chkvorets, O., Cleveland, B., Cookman, D., Corning, J., Cox, M. A., Deluce, C., Depatie, M. M., Di Lodovico, F., Dittmer, J., Falk, E., Fatemighomi, N., Fischer, V., Ford, R., Frankiewicz, K., Gaur, A., Gilje, K., González-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Grant, C., Grove, J., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Hartnell, J., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Hu, J., Hunt-Stokes, R., Hussain, S. M. A., Inácio, A. S., Jillings, C. J., Kaptanoglu, T., Khaghani, P., Khan, H., Klein, J. R., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupová, T., Lam, I., Land, B. J., LaTorre, A., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Lefebvre, C., Li, A., Lidgard, J., Lin, Y. H., Liu, Y., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maio, A., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Meyer, M., Mills, C., Morton-Blake, I., Nae, S., Nirkko, M., Nolan, L. J., O'Keeffe, H. M., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Page, J., Parker, W., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pershing, T., Pickard, L., Prior, G., Ravi, P., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Rose, J., Rumleskie, J., Semenec, I., Shaker, F., Sharma, M. K., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Stainforth, R., Svoboda, R., Tam, B., Tseng, J., Turner, E., Valder, S., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., Wang, J., Ward, M., Weigand, J. J., Wilson, J. R., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yeh, M., Yu, S., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

SNO+ is a large-scale liquid scintillator experiment with the primary goal of searching for neutrinoless double beta decay, and is located approximately 2 km underground in SNOLAB, Sudbury, Canada. The detector acquired data for two years as a pure water Cherenkov detector, starting in May 2017. During this period, the optical properties of the detector were measured in situ using a deployed light diffusing sphere, with the goal of improving the detector model and the energy response systematic uncertainties. The measured parameters included the water attenuation coefficients, effective attenuation coefficients for the acrylic vessel, and the angular response of the photomultiplier tubes and their surrounding light concentrators, all across different wavelengths. The calibrated detector model was validated using a deployed tagged gamma source, which showed a 0.6% variation in energy scale across the primary target volume., Comment: Accepted by JINST (30 pages, 19 figures)

Published
2021
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12. The SNO+ Experiment

Author

Collaboration, SNO, Albanese, V., Alves, R., Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Anselmo, L., Arushanova, E., Asahi, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Back, A. R., Back, S., Barão, F., Barnard, Z., Barr, A., Barros, N., Bartlett, D., Bayes, R., Beaudoin, C., Beier, E. W., Berardi, G., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Bonventre, R., Boulay, M., Braid, D., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Caravaca, J., Carvalho, J., Cavalli, L., Chauhan, D., Chen, M., Chkvorets, O., Clark, K. J., Cleveland, B., Connors, C., Cookman, D., Coulter, I. T., Cox, M. A., Cressy, D., Dai, X., Darrach, C., Davis-Purcell, B., Deluce, C., Depatie, M. M., Descamps, F., Di Lodovico, F., Dittmer, J., Doxtator, A., Duhaime, N., Duncan, F., Dunger, J., Earle, A. D., Fabris, D., Falk, E., Farrugia, A., Fatemighomi, N., Felber, C., Fischer, V., Fletcher, E., Ford, R., Frankiewicz, K., Gagnon, N., Gaur, A., Gauthier, J., Gibson-Foster, A., Gilje, K., González-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, C., Grove, J., Grullon, S., Guillian, E., Hall, S., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Hans, S., Hartnell, J., Harvey, P., Hedayatipour, M., Heintzelman, W. J., Heise, J., Helmer, R. L., Hodak, B., Hodak, M., Hood, M., Horne, D., Hreljac, B., Hu, J., Hussain, S. M. A., Iida, T., Inácio, A. S., Jackson, C. M., Jelley, N. A., Jillings, C. J., Jones, C., Jones, P. G., Kamdin, K., Kaptanoglu, T., Kaspar, J., Keeter, K., Kefelian, C., Khaghani, P., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, J. R., Knapik, R., Kofron, J., Kormos, L. L., Korte, S., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupová, T., Labe, K., Lafleur, F., Lam, I., Lan, C., Land, B. J., Lane, R., Langrock, S., Larochelle, P., Larose, S., LaTorre, A., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Lefeuvre, G. M., Leming, E. J., Li, A., Li, O., Lidgard, J., Liggins, B., Liimatainen, P., Lin, Y. H., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maguire, S., Maio, A., Majumdar, K., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., Marzec, E., Mastbaum, A., Mathewson, A., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., McFarlane, K., Mekarski, P., Meyer, M., Miller, C., Mills, C., Mlejnek, M., Mony, E., Morissette, B., Morton-Blake, I., Mottram, M. J., Nae, S., Nirkko, M., Nolan, L. J., Novikov, V. M., O'Keeffe, H. M., O'Sullivan, E., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Parnell, M. J., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pershing, T., Petriw, Z., Petzoldt, J., Pickard, L., Pracsovics, D., Prior, G., Prouty, J. C., Quirk, S., Read, S., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Ritchie, I., Robertson, A., Robertson, B. C., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Rost, P. M., Rumleskie, J., Schumaker, M. A., Schwendener, M. H., Scislowski, D., Secrest, J., Seddighin, M., Segui, L., Seibert, S., Semenec, I., Shaker, F., Shantz, T., Sharma, M. K., Shokair, T. M., Sibley, L., Sinclair, J. R., Singh, K., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Sonley, T., Sörensen, A., St-Amant, M., Stainforth, R., Stankiewicz, S., Strait, M., Stringer, M. I., Stripay, A., Svoboda, R., Tacchino, S., Tam, B., Tanguay, C., Tatar, J., Tian, L., Tolich, N., Tseng, J., Tseung, H. W. C., Turner, E., Van Berg, R., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., von Krosigk, B., Walker, J. M. G., Walker, M., Wallig, J., Walton, S. C., Wang, J., Ward, M., Wasalski, O., Waterfield, J., Weigand, J. J., White, R. F., Wilson, J. R., Winchester, T. J., Woosaree, P., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yeh, M., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zhao, T., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The SNO+ experiment is located 2 km underground at SNOLAB in Sudbury, Canada. A low background search for neutrinoless double beta ($0\nu\beta\beta$) decay will be conducted using 780 tonnes of liquid scintillator loaded with 3.9 tonnes of natural tellurium, corresponding to 1.3 tonnes of $^{130}$Te. This paper provides a general overview of the SNO+ experiment, including detector design, construction of process plants, commissioning efforts, electronics upgrades, data acquisition systems, and calibration techniques. The SNO+ collaboration is reusing the acrylic vessel, PMT array, and electronics of the SNO detector, having made a number of experimental upgrades and essential adaptations for use with the liquid scintillator. With low backgrounds and a low energy threshold, the SNO+ collaboration will also pursue a rich physics program beyond the search for $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay, including studies of geo- and reactor antineutrinos, supernova and solar neutrinos, and exotic physics such as the search for invisible nucleon decay. The SNO+ approach to the search for $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay is scalable: a future phase with high $^{130}$Te-loading is envisioned to probe an effective Majorana mass in the inverted mass ordering region., Comment: 61 pages, 23 figures, 4 tables

Published
2021
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13. Development, characterisation, and deployment of the SNO+ liquid scintillator

Author

Collaboration, SNO, Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Anselmo, L., Arushanova, E., Asahi, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Back, A. R., Barnard, Z., Barros, N., Bartlett, D., Barão, F., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Bonventre, R., Boulay, M., Braid, D., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Caravaca, J., Carvalho, J., Cavalli, L., Chauhan, D., Chen, M., Chkvorets, O., Clark, K. J., Cleveland, B., Cookman, D., Connors, C., Coulter, I. T., Cox, M. A., Cressy, D., Dai, X., Darrach, C., Davis-Purcell, B., Deluce, C., Depatie, M. M., Descamps, F., Dittmer, J., Di Lodovico, F., Duhaime, N., Duncan, F., Dunger, J., Earle, A. D., Fabris, D., Falk, E., Farrugia, A., Fatemighomi, N., Fischer, V., Fletcher, E., Ford, R., Frankiewicz, K., Gagnon, N., Gaur, A., Gilje, K., González-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, C., Grove, J., Grullon, S., Guillian, E., Hall, S., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Hans, S., Hartnell, J., Harvey, P., Hedayatipour, M., Heintzelman, W. J., Heise, J., Helmer, R. L., Horne, D., Hreljac, B., Hu, J., Hussain, A. S. M., Iida, T., Inácio, A. S., Jackson, M., Jelley, N. A., Jillings, C. J., Jones, C., Jones, P. G., Kamdin, K., Kaptanoglu, T., Kaspar, J., Keeter, K., Kefelian, C., Khaghani, P., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, J. R., Knapik, R., Kofron, J., Kormos, L. L., Korte, S., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupova, T., Labe, K., Lafleur, F., Lam, I., Lan, C., Land, B. J., Lane, R., Langrock, S., LaTorre, A., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Lefeuvre, G. M., Leming, E. J., Li, A., Lidgard, J., Liggins, B., Lin, Y. H., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maguire, S., Maio, A., Majumdar, K., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., Marzec, E., Mastbaum, A., Mauel, J., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Mekarski, P., Meyer, M., Miller, C., Mills, C., Mlejnek, M., Mony, E., Morton-Blake, I., Mottram, M. J., Nae, S., Nirkko, M., Nolan, L. J., Novikov, V. M., O'Keeffe, H. M., O'Sullivan, E., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Parnell, M. J., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pershing, T., Petriw, Z., Petzoldt, J., Pickard, L., Pracsovics, D., Prior, G., Prouty, J. C., Quirk, S., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Robertson, A., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Rost, P. M., Rumleskie, J., Schumaker, M. A., Schwendener, M. H., Scislowski, D., Secrest, J., Seddighin, M., Segui, L., Seibert, S., Semenec, I., Shaker, F., Shantz, T., Sharma, M. K., Shokair, T. M., Sibley, L., Sinclair, J. R., Singh, K., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Strait, M., Stringer, M. I., Svoboda, R., Sörensen, A., Tam, B., Tatar, J., Tian, L., Tolich, N., Tseng, J., Tseung, H. W. C., Turner, E., Van Berg, R., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., von Krosigk, B., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Walker, J. M. G., Walker, M., Walton, S. C., Wang, J., Ward, M., Wasalski, O., Waterfield, J., Weigand, J. J., White, R. F., Wilson, J. R., Winchester, T. J., Woosaree, P., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yeh, M., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zhao, T., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A liquid scintillator consisting of linear alkylbenzene as the solvent and 2,5-diphenyloxazole as the fluor was developed for the SNO+ experiment. This mixture was chosen as it is compatible with acrylic and has a competitive light yield to pre-existing liquid scintillators while conferring other advantages including longer attenuation lengths, superior safety characteristics, chemical simplicity, ease of handling, and logistical availability. Its properties have been extensively characterized and are presented here. This liquid scintillator is now used in several neutrino physics experiments in addition to SNO+., Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures

Published
2020
Full Text
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14. Optical calibration of the SNO+ detector in the water phase with deployed sources

Author

Anderson, MR, Andringa, S, Askins, M, Auty, DJ, Barão, F, Barros, N, Bayes, R, Beier, EW, Bialek, A, Biller, SD, Blucher, E, Boulay, M, Caden, E, Callaghan, EJ, Caravaca, J, Chen, M, Chkvorets, O, Cleveland, B, Cookman, D, Corning, J, Cox, MA, Deluce, C, Depatie, MM, Di Lodovico, F, Dittmer, J, Falk, E, Fatemighomi, N, Fischer, V, Ford, R, Frankiewicz, K, Gaur, A, Gilje, K, González-Reina, OI, Gooding, D, Grant, C, Grove, J, Hallin, AL, Hallman, D, Hartnell, J, Heintzelman, WJ, Helmer, RL, Hu, J, Hunt-Stokes, R, Hussain, SMA, Inácio, AS, Jillings, CJ, Kaptanoglu, T, Khaghani, P, Khan, H, Klein, JR, Kormos, LL, Krar, B, Kraus, C, Krauss, CB, Kroupová, T, Lam, I, Land, BJ, LaTorre, A, Lawson, I, Lebanowski, L, Lefebvre, C, Li, A, Lidgard, J, Lin, YH, Liu, Y, Lozza, V, Luo, M, Maio, A, Manecki, S, Maneira, J, Martin, RD, McCauley, N, McDonald, AB, Meyer, M, Mills, C, Morton-Blake, I, Nae, S, Nirkko, M, Nolan, LJ, O'Keeffe, HM, Gann, GD Orebi, Page, J, Parker, W, Paton, J, Peeters, SJM, Pershing, T, Pickard, L, Prior, G, Ravi, P, Reichold, A, Riccetto, S, Richardson, R, Rigan, M, Rose, J, Rumleskie, J, Semenec, I, Shaker, F, Sharma, MK, Skensved, P, and Smiley, M

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Analysis and statistical methods, Cherenkov detectors, Detector alignment and calibration methods, Neutrino detectors, Engineering, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical sciences
Abstract

SNO+ is a large-scale liquid scintillator experiment with the primary goal of searching for neutrinoless double beta decay, and is located approximately 2 km underground in SNOLAB, Sudbury, Canada. The detector acquired data for two years as a pure water Cherenkov detector, starting in May 2017. During this period, the optical properties of the detector were measured in situ using a deployed light diffusing sphere, with the goal of improving the detector model and the energy response systematic uncertainties. The measured parameters included the water attenuation coefficients, effective attenuation coefficients for the acrylic vessel, and the angular response of the photomultiplier tubes and their surrounding light concentrators, all across different wavelengths. The calibrated detector model was validated using a deployed tagged gamma source, which showed a 0.6% variation in energy scale across the primary target volume.

Published
2021

15. Development, characterisation, and deployment of the SNO+ liquid scintillator

Author

Anderson, MR, Andringa, S, Anselmo, L, Arushanova, E, Asahi, S, Askins, M, Auty, DJ, Back, AR, Barnard, Z, Barros, N, Bartlett, D, Barão, F, Bayes, R, Beier, EW, Bialek, A, Biller, SD, Blucher, E, Bonventre, R, Boulay, M, Braid, D, Caden, E, Callaghan, EJ, Caravaca, J, Carvalho, J, Cavalli, L, Chauhan, D, Chen, M, Chkvorets, O, Clark, KJ, Cleveland, B, Cookman, D, Connors, C, Coulter, IT, Cox, MA, Cressy, D, Dai, X, Darrach, C, Davis-Purcell, B, Deluce, C, Depatie, MM, Descamps, F, Dittmer, J, Di Lodovico, F, Duhaime, N, Duncan, F, Dunger, J, Earle, AD, Fabris, D, Falk, E, Farrugia, A, Fatemighomi, N, Fischer, V, Fletcher, E, Ford, R, Frankiewicz, K, Gagnon, N, Gaur, A, Gilje, K, González-Reina, OI, Gooding, D, Gorel, P, Graham, K, Grant, C, Grove, J, Grullon, S, Guillian, E, Hall, S, Hallin, AL, Hallman, D, Hans, S, Hartnell, J, Harvey, P, Hedayatipour, M, Heintzelman, WJ, Heise, J, Helmer, RL, Horne, D, Hreljac, B, Hu, J, Hussain, SMA, Iida, T, Inácio, AS, Jackson, CM, Jelley, NA, Jillings, CJ, Jones, C, Jones, PG, Kamdin, K, Kaptanoglu, T, Kaspar, J, Keeter, K, Kefelian, C, Khaghani, P, Kippenbrock, L, Klein, JR, Knapik, R, Kofron, J, Kormos, LL, Korte, S, and Krar, B

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Physical Sciences, Double-beta decay detectors, Neutrino detectors, Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes (solid, gas and liquid scintillators), Engineering, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical sciences
Abstract

A liquid scintillator consisting of linear alkylbenzene as the solvent and 2,5-diphenyloxazole as the fluor was developed for the SNO+ experiment. This mixture was chosen as it is compatible with acrylic and has a competitive light yield to pre-existing liquid scintillators while conferring other advantages including longer attenuation lengths, superior safety characteristics, chemical simplicity, ease of handling, and logistical availability. Its properties have been extensively characterized and are presented here. This liquid scintillator is now used in several neutrino physics experiments in addition to SNO+.

Published
2021

16. Measurement of neutron-proton capture in the SNO+ water phase

Author

Collaboration, The SNO, Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Barros, N., Barão, F., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Bonventre, R., Boulay, M., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Caravaca, J., Chauhan, D., Chen, M., Chkvorets, O., Cleveland, B., Cox, M. A., Depatie, M. M., Dittmer, J., Di Lodovico, F., Earle, A. D., Falk, E., Fatemighomi, N., Fischer, V., Fletcher, E., Ford, R., Frankiewicz, K., Gilje, K., Gooding, D., Grant, C., Grove, J., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Hans, S., Hartnell, J., Harvey, P., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Horne, D., Hreljac, B., Hu, J., Hussain, A. S. M., Inácio, A. S., Jillings, C. J., Kaptanoglu, T., Khaghani, P., Klein, J. R., Knapik, R., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupova, T., Lam, I., Land, B. J., LaTorre, A., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Leming, E. J., Li, A., Lidgard, J., Liggins, B., Lin, Y. H., Liu, Y., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maguire, S., Maio, A., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., Marzec, E., Mastbaum, A., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Mekarski, P., Meyer, M., Mills, C., Morton-Blake, I., Nae, S., Nirkko, M., Nolan, L. J., O'Keeffe, H. M., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Parnell, M. J., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pershing, T., Pickard, L., Prior, G., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Rost, P. M., Rumleskie, J., Semenec, I., Shaker, F., Sharma, M. K., Singh, K., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Stringer, M. I., Svoboda, R., Tam, B., Tian, L., Tseng, J., Turner, E., Van Berg, R., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Walton, S. C., Wang, J., Ward, M., Weigand, J. J., Wilson, J. R., Woosaree, P., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yeh, M., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The SNO+ experiment collected data as a low-threshold water Cherenkov detector from September 2017 to July 2019. Measurements of the 2.2-MeV $\gamma$ produced by neutron capture on hydrogen have been made using an Am-Be calibration source, for which a large fraction of emitted neutrons are produced simultaneously with a 4.4-MeV $\gamma$. Analysis of the delayed coincidence between the 4.4-MeV $\gamma$ and the 2.2-MeV capture $\gamma$ revealed a neutron detection efficiency that is centered around 50% and varies at the level of 1% across the inner region of the detector, which to our knowledge is the highest efficiency achieved among pure water Cherenkov detectors. In addition, the neutron capture time constant was measured and converted to a thermal neutron-proton capture cross section of $336.3^{+1.2}_{-1.5}$ mb.

Published
2020
Full Text
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17. Measurement of neutron-proton capture in the SNO+ water phase

Author

Anderson, MR, Andringa, S, Askins, M, Auty, DJ, Barros, N, Barão, F, Bayes, R, Beier, EW, Bialek, A, Biller, SD, Blucher, E, Bonventre, R, Boulay, M, Caden, E, Callaghan, EJ, Caravaca, J, Chauhan, D, Chen, M, Chkvorets, O, Cleveland, B, Cox, MA, Depatie, MM, Dittmer, J, Di Lodovico, F, Earle, AD, Falk, E, Fatemighomi, N, Fischer, V, Fletcher, E, Ford, R, Frankiewicz, K, Gilje, K, Gooding, D, Grant, C, Grove, J, Hallin, AL, Hallman, D, Hans, S, Hartnell, J, Harvey, P, Heintzelman, WJ, Helmer, RL, Horne, D, Hreljac, B, Hu, J, Hussain, ASM, Inácio, AS, Jillings, CJ, Kaptanoglu, T, Khaghani, P, Klein, JR, Knapik, R, Kormos, LL, Krar, B, Kraus, C, Krauss, CB, Kroupova, T, Lam, I, Land, BJ, Latorre, A, Lawson, I, Lebanowski, L, Leming, EJ, Li, A, Lidgard, J, Liggins, B, Lin, YH, Liu, Y, Lozza, V, Luo, M, Maguire, S, Maio, A, Manecki, S, Maneira, J, Martin, RD, Marzec, E, Mastbaum, A, McCauley, N, McDonald, AB, Mekarski, P, Meyer, M, Mills, C, Morton-Blake, I, Nae, S, Nirkko, M, Nolan, LJ, O'Keeffe, HM, Orebi Gann, GD, Parnell, MJ, Paton, J, Peeters, SJM, Pershing, T, Pickard, L, Prior, G, Reichold, A, Riccetto, S, Richardson, R, Rigan, M, Rose, J, and Rosero, R

Subjects
physics.ins-det, hep-ex, nucl-ex, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics
Abstract

The SNO+ experiment collected data as a low-threshold water Cherenkov detector from September 2017 to July 2019. Measurements of the 2.2-MeV γ's produced by neutron capture on hydrogen were made using an Am-Be calibration source, for which a large fraction of emitted neutrons are produced simultaneously with a 4.4-MeV γ. Analysis of the delayed coincidence between the 4.4-MeV γ and the 2.2-MeV capture γ revealed a neutron detection efficiency that is centered around 50% and varies at the level of 1% across the inner region of the detector, which to our knowledge is the highest efficiency achieved among pure water Cherenkov detectors. In addition, the neutron capture time constant was measured and converted to a thermal neutron-proton capture cross section of 336.3-1.5+1.2mb.

Published
2020

18. Search for invisible modes of nucleon decay in water with the SNO+ detector

Author

Collaboration, SNO, Anderson, M., Andringa, S., Arushanova, E., Asahi, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Back, A. R., Barnard, Z., Barros, N., Bartlett, D., Barão, F., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Bonventre, R., Boulay, M., Braid, D., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Caravaca, J., Carvalho, J., Cavalli, L., Chauhan, D., Chen, M., Chkvorets, O., Clark, K. J., Cleveland, B., Connors, C., Coulter, I. T., Cressy, D., Dai, X., Darrach, C., Davis-Purcell, B., Depatie, M. M., Descamps, F., Di Lodovico, F., Duhaime, N., Duncan, F., Dunger, J., Falk, E., Fatemighomi, N., Fischer, V., Fletcher, E., Ford, R., Gagnon, N., Gilje, K., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, C., Grove, J., Grullon, S., Guillian, E., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Hans, S., Hartnell, J., Harvey, P., Hedayatipour, M., Heintzelman, W. J., Heise, J., Helmer, R. L., Hernández-Hernández, J. L., Hreljac, B., Hu, J., Iida, T., Inácio, A. S., Jackson, C. M., Jelley, N. A., Jillings, C. J., Jones, C., Jones, P. G., Kamdin, K., Kaptanoglu, T., Kaspar, J., Keeter, K., Kefelian, C., Khaghani, P., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, J. R., Knapik, R., Kofron, J., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupova, T., Labe, K., Lam, I., Lan, C., Land, B. J., Lane, R., Langrock, S., LaTorre, A., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Lefeuvre, G. M., Leming, E. J., Li, A., Lidgard, J., Liggins, B., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maguire, S., Maio, A., Majumdar, K., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., Marzec, E., Mastbaum, A., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., McMillan, J. E., Mekarski, P., Meyer, M., Miller, C., Mlejnek, M., Mony, E., Morton-Blake, I., Mottram, M. J., Nae, S., Nirkko, M., Novikov, V., O'Keeffe, H. M., O'Sullivan, E., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Parnell, M. J., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pershing, T., Petriw, Z., Pickard, L., Pracsovics, D., Prior, G., Prouty, J. C., Quirk, S., Reichold, A., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Robertson, A., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Rost, P. M., Rumleskie, J., Schumaker, M. A., Schwendener, M. H., Scislowski, D., Secrest, J., Seddighin, M., Segui, L., Seibert, S., Semenec, I., Shantz, T., Shokair, T. M., Sibley, L., Sinclair, J. R., Singh, K., Skensved, P., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Strait, M., Stringer, M. I., Svoboda, R., Sörensen, A., Tam, B., Tatar, J., Tian, L., Tolich, N., Tseng, J., Tseung, H. W. C., Turner, E., Van Berg, R., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., von Krosigk, B., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Walker, J. M. G., Walker, M., Wang, J., Wasalski, O., Waterfield, J., Weigand, J. J., White, R. F., Wilson, J. R., Winchester, T. J., Woosaree, P., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yeh, M., Zhao, T., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

This paper reports results from a search for nucleon decay through 'invisible' modes, where no visible energy is directly deposited during the decay itself, during the initial water phase of SNO+. However, such decays within the oxygen nucleus would produce an excited daughter that would subsequently de-excite, often emitting detectable gamma rays. A search for such gamma rays yields limits of $2.5 \times 10^{29}$ y at 90% Bayesian credibility level (with a prior uniform in rate) for the partial lifetime of the neutron, and $3.6 \times 10^{29}$ y for the partial lifetime of the proton, the latter a 70% improvement on the previous limit from SNO. We also present partial lifetime limits for invisible dinucleon modes of $1.3\times 10^{28}$ y for $nn$, $2.6\times 10^{28}$ y for $pn$ and $4.7\times 10^{28}$ y for $pp$, an improvement over existing limits by close to three orders of magnitude for the latter two., Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures

Published
2018
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19. Measurement of the $^8$B Solar Neutrino Flux in SNO+ with Very Low Backgrounds

Author

Collaboration, The SNO, Anderson, M., Andringa, S., Asahi, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Barros, N., Bartlett, D., Barão, F., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Bonventre, R., Boulay, M., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Caravaca, J., Chauhan, D., Chen, M., Chkvorets, O., Cleveland, B., Connors, C., Coulter, I. T., Depatie, M. M., Di Lodovico, F., Duncan, F., Dunger, J., Falk, E., Fischer, V., Fletcher, E., Ford, R., Gagnon, N., Gilje, K., Grant, C., Grove, J., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Hans, S., Hartnell, J., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Hernández-Hernández, J. L., Hreljac, B., Hu, J., Inácio, A. S., Jillings, C. J., Kaptanoglu, T., Khaghani, P., Klein, J. R., Knapik, R., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupova, T., Lam, I., Land, B. J., Lane, R., LaTorre, A., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Leming, E. J., Li, A., Lidgard, J., Liggins, B., Liu, Y., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maguire, S., Maio, A., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., Marzec, E., Mastbaum, A., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Mekarski, P., Meyer, M., Mlejnek, M., Morton-Blake, I., Nae, S., Nirkko, M., O'Keeffe, H. M., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Parnell, M. J., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pershing, T., Pickard, L., Pracsovics, D., Prior, G., Reichold, A., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Rumleskie, J., Semenec, I., Singh, K., Skensved, P., Stringer, M. I., Svoboda, R., Tam, B., Tian, L., Tseng, J., Turner, E., Van Berg, R., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Wang, J., Weigand, J. J., Wilson, J. R., Woosaree, P., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yeh, M., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A measurement of the $^8$B solar neutrino flux has been made using a 69.2 kt-day dataset acquired with the SNO+ detector during its water commissioning phase. At energies above 6 MeV the dataset is an extremely pure sample of solar neutrino elastic scattering events, owing primarily to the detector's deep location, allowing an accurate measurement with relatively little exposure. In that energy region the best fit background rate is $0.25^{+0.09}_{-0.07}$ events/kt-day, significantly lower than the measured solar neutrino event rate in that energy range, which is $1.03^{+0.13}_{-0.12}$ events/kt-day. Also using data below this threshold, down to 5 MeV, fits of the solar neutrino event direction yielded an observed flux of $2.53^{+0.31}_{-0.28}$(stat.)$^{+0.13}_{-0.10}$(syst.)$\times10^6$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$, assuming no neutrino oscillations. This rate is consistent with matter enhanced neutrino oscillations and measurements from other experiments., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures

Published
2018
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20. Search for invisible modes of nucleon decay in water with the SNO+ detector

Author

Anderson, M, Andringa, S, Arushanova, E, Asahi, S, Askins, M, Auty, DJ, Back, AR, Barnard, Z, Barros, N, Bartlett, D, Barão, F, Bayes, R, Beier, EW, Bialek, A, Biller, SD, Blucher, E, Bonventre, R, Boulay, M, Braid, D, Caden, E, Callaghan, EJ, Caravaca, J, Carvalho, J, Cavalli, L, Chauhan, D, Chen, M, Chkvorets, O, Clark, KJ, Cleveland, B, Connors, C, Coulter, IT, Cressy, D, Dai, X, Darrach, C, Davis-Purcell, B, Depatie, MM, Descamps, F, Di Lodovico, F, Duhaime, N, Duncan, F, Dunger, J, Falk, E, Fatemighomi, N, Fischer, V, Fletcher, E, Ford, R, Gagnon, N, Gilje, K, Gorel, P, Graham, K, Grant, C, Grove, J, Grullon, S, Guillian, E, Hallin, AL, Hallman, D, Hans, S, Hartnell, J, Harvey, P, Hedayatipour, M, Heintzelman, WJ, Heise, J, Helmer, RL, Hernández-Hernández, JL, Hreljac, B, Hu, J, Iida, T, Inácio, AS, Jackson, CM, Jelley, NA, Jillings, CJ, Jones, C, Jones, PG, Kamdin, K, Kaptanoglu, T, Kaspar, J, Keeter, K, Kefelian, C, Khaghani, P, Kippenbrock, L, Klein, JR, Knapik, R, Kofron, J, Kormos, LL, Krar, B, Kraus, C, Krauss, CB, Kroupova, T, Labe, K, Lam, I, Lan, C, Land, BJ, Lane, R, Langrock, S, LaTorre, A, Lawson, I, Lebanowski, L, Lefeuvre, GM, Leming, EJ, and Li, A

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, hep-ex, physics.ins-det
Abstract

This paper reports results from a search for nucleon decay through invisible modes, where no visible energy is directly deposited during the decay itself, during the initial water phase of SNO+. However, such decays within the oxygen nucleus would produce an excited daughter that would subsequently deexcite, often emitting detectable gamma rays. A search for such gamma rays yields limits of 2.5×1029 y at 90% Bayesian credibility level (with a prior uniform in rate) for the partial lifetime of the neutron, and 3.6×1029 y for the partial lifetime of the proton, the latter a 70% improvement on the previous limit from SNO. We also present partial lifetime limits for invisible dinucleon modes of 1.3×1028 y for nn, 2.6×1028 y for pn and 4.7×1028 y for pp, an improvement over existing limits by close to 3 orders of magnitude for the latter two.

Published
2019

21. Measurement of the B8 solar neutrino flux in SNO+ with very low backgrounds

Author

Anderson, M, Andringa, S, Asahi, S, Askins, M, Auty, DJ, Barros, N, Bartlett, D, Barão, F, Bayes, R, Beier, EW, Bialek, A, Biller, SD, Blucher, E, Bonventre, R, Boulay, M, Caden, E, Callaghan, EJ, Caravaca, J, Chauhan, D, Chen, M, Chkvorets, O, Cleveland, B, Connors, C, Coulter, IT, Depatie, MM, Di Lodovico, F, Duncan, F, Dunger, J, Falk, E, Fischer, V, Fletcher, E, Ford, R, Gagnon, N, Gilje, K, Grant, C, Grove, J, Hallin, AL, Hallman, D, Hans, S, Hartnell, J, Heintzelman, WJ, Helmer, RL, Hernández-Hernández, JL, Hreljac, B, Hu, J, Inácio, AS, Jillings, CJ, Kaptanoglu, T, Khaghani, P, Klein, JR, Knapik, R, Kormos, LL, Krar, B, Kraus, C, Krauss, CB, Kroupova, T, Lam, I, Land, BJ, Lane, R, LaTorre, A, Lawson, I, Lebanowski, L, Leming, EJ, Li, A, Lidgard, J, Liggins, B, Liu, Y, Lozza, V, Luo, M, Maguire, S, Maio, A, Manecki, S, Maneira, J, Martin, RD, Marzec, E, Mastbaum, A, McCauley, N, McDonald, AB, Mekarski, P, Meyer, M, Mlejnek, M, Morton-Blake, I, Nae, S, Nirkko, M, O’Keeffe, HM, Gann, GD Orebi, Parnell, MJ, Paton, J, Peeters, SJM, Pershing, T, Pickard, L, Pracsovics, D, Prior, G, Reichold, A, Richardson, R, Rigan, M, Rose, J, Rosero, R, Rumleskie, J, and Semenec, I

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, hep-ex
Abstract

A measurement of the B8 solar neutrino flux has been made using a 69.2 kt-day dataset acquired with the SNO+ detector during its water commissioning phase. At energies above 6 MeV the dataset is an extremely pure sample of solar neutrino elastic scattering events, owing primarily to the detector's deep location, allowing an accurate measurement with relatively little exposure. In that energy region the best fit background rate is 0.25-0.07+0.09 events/kt-day, significantly lower than the measured solar neutrino event rate in that energy range, which is 1.03-0.12+0.13 events/kt-day. Also using data below this threshold, down to 5 MeV, fits of the solar neutrino event direction yielded an observed flux of 2.53-0.28+0.31(stat)-0.10+0.13(syst)×106 cm-2 s-1, assuming no neutrino oscillations. This rate is consistent with matter enhanced neutrino oscillations and measurements from other experiments.

Published
2019

22. Measurement of the B 8 solar neutrino flux in SNO+ with very low backgrounds

Author

Anderson, M, Andringa, S, Asahi, S, Askins, M, Auty, DJ, Barros, N, Bartlett, D, Barão, F, Bayes, R, Beier, EW, Bialek, A, Biller, SD, Blucher, E, Bonventre, R, Boulay, M, Caden, E, Callaghan, EJ, Caravaca, J, Chauhan, D, Chen, M, Chkvorets, O, Cleveland, B, Connors, C, Coulter, IT, Depatie, MM, Di Lodovico, F, Duncan, F, Dunger, J, Falk, E, Fischer, V, Fletcher, E, Ford, R, Gagnon, N, Gilje, K, Grant, C, Grove, J, Hallin, AL, Hallman, D, Hans, S, Hartnell, J, Heintzelman, WJ, Helmer, RL, Hernández-Hernández, JL, Hreljac, B, Hu, J, Inácio, AS, Jillings, CJ, Kaptanoglu, T, Khaghani, P, Klein, JR, Knapik, R, Kormos, LL, Krar, B, Kraus, C, Krauss, CB, Kroupova, T, Lam, I, Land, BJ, Lane, R, Latorre, A, Lawson, I, Lebanowski, L, Leming, EJ, Li, A, Lidgard, J, Liggins, B, Liu, Y, Lozza, V, Luo, M, Maguire, S, Maio, A, Manecki, S, Maneira, J, Martin, RD, Marzec, E, Mastbaum, A, McCauley, N, McDonald, AB, Mekarski, P, Meyer, M, Mlejnek, M, Morton-Blake, I, Nae, S, Nirkko, M, O'Keeffe, HM, Orebi Gann, GD, Parnell, MJ, Paton, J, Peeters, SJM, Pershing, T, Pickard, L, Pracsovics, D, Prior, G, Reichold, A, Richardson, R, Rigan, M, Rose, J, Rosero, R, Rumleskie, J, and Semenec, I

Subjects
hep-ex
Abstract

A measurement of the B8 solar neutrino flux has been made using a 69.2 kt-day dataset acquired with the SNO+ detector during its water commissioning phase. At energies above 6 MeV the dataset is an extremely pure sample of solar neutrino elastic scattering events, owing primarily to the detector's deep location, allowing an accurate measurement with relatively little exposure. In that energy region the best fit background rate is 0.25-0.07+0.09 events/kt-day, significantly lower than the measured solar neutrino event rate in that energy range, which is 1.03-0.12+0.13 events/kt-day. Also using data below this threshold, down to 5 MeV, fits of the solar neutrino event direction yielded an observed flux of 2.53-0.28+0.31(stat)-0.10+0.13(syst)×106 cm-2 s-1, assuming no neutrino oscillations. This rate is consistent with matter enhanced neutrino oscillations and measurements from other experiments.

Published
2019

23. Current Status and Future Prospects of the SNO+ Experiment

Author

Collaboration, SNO, Andringa, S., Arushanova, E., Asahi, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Back, A. R., Barnard, Z., Barros, N., Beier, E. W., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Bonventre, R., Braid, D., Caden, E., Callaghan, E., Caravaca, J., Carvalho, J., Cavalli, L., Chauhan, D., Chen, M., Chkvorets, O., Clark, K., Cleveland, B., Coulter, I. T., Cressy, D., Dai, X., Darrach, C., Davis-Purcell, B., Deen, R., Depatie, M. M., Descamps, F., Di Lodovico, F., Duhaime, N., Duncan, F., Dunger, J., Falk, E., Fatemighomi, N., Ford, R., Gorel, P., Grant, C., Grullon, S., Guillian, E., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Hans, S., Hartnell, J., Harvey, P., Hedayatipour, M., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Hreljac, B., Hu, J., Iida, T., Jackson, C. M., Jelley, N. A., Jillings, C., Jones, C., Jones, P. G., Kamdin, K., Kaptanoglu, T., Kaspar, J., Keener, P., Khaghani, P., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, J. R., Knapik, R., Kofron, J. N., Kormos, L. L., Korte, S., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Labe, K., Lam, I., Lan, C., Land, B. J., Langrock, S., LaTorre, A., Lawson, I., Lefeuvre, G. M., Leming, E. J., Lidgard, J., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Lozza, V., Maguire, S., Maio, A., Majumdar, K., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Marzec, E., Mastbaum, A., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., McMillan, J. E., Mekarski, P., Miller, C., Mohan, Y., Mony, E., Mottram, M. J., Novikov, V., O'Keeffe, H. M., O'Sullivan, E., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Parnell, M. J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pershing, T., Petriw, Z., Prior, G., Prouty, J. C., Quirk, S., Reichold, A., Robertson, A., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Rost, P. M., Rumleskie, J., Schumaker, M. A., Schwendener, M. H., Scislowski, D., Secrest, J., Seddighin, M., Segui, L., Seibert, S., Shantz, T., Shokair, T. M., Sibley, L., Sinclair, J. R., Singh, K., Skensved, P., Soerensen, A., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Strait, M., Stringer, M. I., Svoboda, R., Tatar, J., Tian, L., Tolich, N., Tseng, J., Tseung, H. W. C., Van Berg, R., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Virtue, C., von Krosigk, B., Walker, J. M. G., Walker, M., Wasalski, O., Waterfield, J., White, R. F., Wilson, J. R., Winchester, T. J., Wright, A., Yeh, M., Zhao, T., and Zuber, K.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

SNO+ is a large liquid scintillator-based experiment located 2km underground at SNOLAB, Sudbury, Canada. It reuses the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory detector, consisting of a 12m diameter acrylic vessel which will be filled with about 780 tonnes of ultra-pure liquid scintillator. Designed as a multipurpose neutrino experiment, the primary goal of SNO+ is a search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay (0$\nu\beta\beta$) of 130Te. In Phase I, the detector will be loaded with 0.3% natural tellurium, corresponding to nearly 800 kg of 130Te, with an expected effective Majorana neutrino mass sensitivity in the region of 55-133 meV, just above the inverted mass hierarchy. Recently, the possibility of deploying up to ten times more natural tellurium has been investigated, which would enable SNO+ to achieve sensitivity deep into the parameter space for the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy in the future. Additionally, SNO+ aims to measure reactor antineutrino oscillations, low-energy solar neutrinos, and geoneutrinos, to be sensitive to supernova neutrinos, and to search for exotic physics. A first phase with the detector filled with water will begin soon, with the scintillator phase expected to start after a few months of water data taking. The 0$\nu\beta\beta$ Phase I is foreseen for 2017., Comment: Published in "Neutrino Masses and Oscillations" of Advances in High Energy Physics (Hindawi)

Published
2015
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24. Current Status and Future Prospects of the SNO+ Experiment

Author

Andringa, S, Arushanova, E, Asahi, S, Askins, M, Auty, DJ, Back, AR, Barnard, Z, Barros, N, Beier, EW, Bialek, A, Biller, SD, Blucher, E, Bonventre, R, Braid, D, Caden, E, Callaghan, E, Caravaca, J, Carvalho, J, Cavalli, L, Chauhan, D, Chen, M, Chkvorets, O, Clark, K, Cleveland, B, Coulter, IT, Cressy, D, Dai, X, Darrach, C, Davis-Purcell, B, Deen, R, Depatie, MM, Descamps, F, Di Lodovico, F, Duhaime, N, Duncan, F, Dunger, J, Falk, E, Fatemighomi, N, Ford, R, Gorel, P, Grant, C, Grullon, S, Guillian, E, Hallin, AL, Hallman, D, Hans, S, Hartnell, J, Harvey, P, Hedayatipour, M, Heintzelman, WJ, Helmer, RL, Hreljac, B, Hu, J, Iida, T, Jackson, CM, Jelley, NA, Jillings, C, Jones, C, Jones, PG, Kamdin, K, Kaptanoglu, T, Kaspar, J, Keener, P, Khaghani, P, Kippenbrock, L, Klein, JR, Knapik, R, Kofron, JN, Kormos, LL, Korte, S, Kraus, C, Krauss, CB, Labe, K, Lam, I, Lan, C, Land, BJ, Langrock, S, LaTorre, A, Lawson, I, Lefeuvre, GM, Leming, EJ, Lidgard, J, Liu, X, Liu, Y, Lozza, V, Maguire, S, Maio, A, Majumdar, K, Manecki, S, Maneira, J, Marzec, E, Mastbaum, A, McCauley, N, McDonald, AB, McMillan, JE, Mekarski, P, Miller, C, Mohan, Y, Mony, E, and Mottram, MJ

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, physics.ins-det, hep-ex, Mathematical Sciences, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract

SNO+ is a large liquid scintillator-based experiment located 2 km underground at SNOLAB, Sudbury, Canada. It reuses the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory detector, consisting of a 12 m diameter acrylic vessel which will be filled with about 780 tonnes of ultra-pure liquid scintillator. Designed as a multipurpose neutrino experiment, the primary goal of SNO+ is a search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay (0ββ) of 130Te. In Phase I, the detector will be loaded with 0.3% natural tellurium, corresponding to nearly 800 kg of 130Te, with an expected effective Majorana neutrino mass sensitivity in the region of 55-133 meV, just above the inverted mass hierarchy. Recently, the possibility of deploying up to ten times more natural tellurium has been investigated, which would enable SNO+ to achieve sensitivity deep into the parameter space for the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy in the future. Additionally, SNO+ aims to measure reactor antineutrino oscillations, low energy solar neutrinos, and geoneutrinos, to be sensitive to supernova neutrinos, and to search for exotic physics. A first phase with the detector filled with water will begin soon, with the scintillator phase expected to start after a few months of water data taking. The 0νββ Phase I is foreseen for 2017.

Published
2016

25. Initial measurement of reactor antineutrino oscillation at SNO+

Author

Collaboration, SNO+, Allega, A., Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Bacon, A., Baker, J., Barão, F., Barros, N., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bezerra, T. S., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Chen, M., Cheng, S., Cleveland, B., Cookman, D., Corning, J., Cox, M. A., Dehghani, R., Deloye, J., Depatie, M. M., Di Lodovico, F., Dima, C., Dittmer, J., Dixon, K. H., Esmaeilian, M. S., Falk, E., Fatemighomi, N., Ford, R., Gaur, A., González-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Grant, C., Grove, J., Hall, S., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Hewitt, C., Howard, V., Hreljac, B., Hu, J., Huang, P., Hunt-Stokes, R., Hussain, S. M. A., Inácio, A. S., Jillings, C. J., Kaluzienski, S., Kaptanoglu, T., Khan, H., Kladnik, J., Klein, J. R., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupová, T., Lake, C., Lebanowski, L., Lefebvre, C., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maio, A., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Mills, C., Milton, G., Colina, A. Molina, Morris, D., Morton-Blake, I., Mubasher, M., Naugle, S., Nolan, L. J., O'Keeffe, H. M., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Page, J., Paleshi, K., Parker, W., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pickard, L., Quenallata, B., Ravi, P., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Semenec, I., Simms, J., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Smith, J., Svoboda, R., Tam, B., Tseng, J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., Ward, M., Weigand, J. J., Wilson, J. R., Wilson, J. D., Wright, A., Yang, S., Yeh, M., Ye, Z., Yu, S., Zhang, Y., Zuber, K., Zummo, A., Collaboration, SNO+, Allega, A., Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Bacon, A., Baker, J., Barão, F., Barros, N., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bezerra, T. S., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Chen, M., Cheng, S., Cleveland, B., Cookman, D., Corning, J., Cox, M. A., Dehghani, R., Deloye, J., Depatie, M. M., Di Lodovico, F., Dima, C., Dittmer, J., Dixon, K. H., Esmaeilian, M. S., Falk, E., Fatemighomi, N., Ford, R., Gaur, A., González-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Grant, C., Grove, J., Hall, S., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Hewitt, C., Howard, V., Hreljac, B., Hu, J., Huang, P., Hunt-Stokes, R., Hussain, S. M. A., Inácio, A. S., Jillings, C. J., Kaluzienski, S., Kaptanoglu, T., Khan, H., Kladnik, J., Klein, J. R., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupová, T., Lake, C., Lebanowski, L., Lefebvre, C., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maio, A., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Mills, C., Milton, G., Colina, A. Molina, Morris, D., Morton-Blake, I., Mubasher, M., Naugle, S., Nolan, L. J., O'Keeffe, H. M., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Page, J., Paleshi, K., Parker, W., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pickard, L., Quenallata, B., Ravi, P., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Semenec, I., Simms, J., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Smith, J., Svoboda, R., Tam, B., Tseng, J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., Ward, M., Weigand, J. J., Wilson, J. R., Wilson, J. D., Wright, A., Yang, S., Yeh, M., Ye, Z., Yu, S., Zhang, Y., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.

Abstract

The SNO+ collaboration reports its first spectral analysis of long-baseline reactor antineutrino oscillation using 114 tonne-years of data. Fitting the neutrino oscillation probability to the observed energy spectrum yields constraints on the neutrino mass-squared difference $\Delta m^2_{21}$. In the ranges allowed by previous measurements, the best-fit $\Delta m^2_{21}$ is (8.85$^{+1.10}_{-1.33}$) $\times$ 10$^{-5}$ eV$^2$. This measurement is continuing in the next phases of SNO+ and is expected to surpass the present global precision on $\Delta m^2_{21}$ with about three years of data.

Published
2024

26. Xenon purity analysis for EXO-200 via mass spectrometry

Author

Dobi, A., Hall, C., Slutsky, S., Yen, Y. -R., Aharmin, B., Auger, M., Barbeau, P. S., Benitez-Medina, C., Breidenbach, M., Cleveland, B., Conley, R., Cook, J., Cook, S., Counts, I., Craddock, W., Daniels, T., Davis, C. G., Davis, J., deVoe, R., Dixit, M., Dolinski, M. J., Donato, K., Fairbank Jr., W., Farine, J., Fierlinger, P., Franco, D., Giroux, G., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Green, C., Hagemann, C., Hall, K., Hallman, D., Hargrove, C., Herrin, S., Hughes, M., Hodgson, J., Juget, F., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K., Leonard, D. S., Lutter, G., Mackay, D., MacLellan, R., Marino, M., Mong, B., Díez, M. Montero, Morgan, P., Müller, A. R., Neilson, R., Odian, A., O'Sullivan, K., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Pushkin, K., Rivas, A., Rollin, E., Rowson, P. C., Sabourov, A., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Stekhanov, V., Strickland, V., Swift, M., Twelker, K., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Vuilleumier, J. -M., Weber, M., Wichoski, U., Wodin, J., Wright, J. D., and Yang, L.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We describe purity measurements of the natural and enriched xenon stockpiles used by the EXO-200 double beta decay experiment based on a mass spectrometry technique. The sensitivity of the spectrometer is enhanced by several orders of magnitude by the presence of a liquid nitrogen cold trap, and many impurity species of interest can be detected at the level of one part-per-billion or better. We have used the technique to screen the EXO-200 xenon before, during, and after its use in our detector, and these measurements have proven useful. This is the first application of the cold trap mass spectrometry technique to an operating physics experiment., Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures

Published
2011
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27. A xenon gas purity monitor for EXO

Author

EXO Collaboration, Dobi, A., Hall, C., Herrin, S., Odian, A., Prescott, C. Y., Rowson, P. C., Ackerman, N., Aharmin, B., Auger, M., Barbeau, P. S., Barry, K., Benitez-Medina, C., Breidenbach, M., Cook, S., Counts, I., Daniels, T., DeVoe, R., Dolinski, M. J., Donato, K., Fairbank Jr., W., Farine, J., Giroux, G., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Green, M., Hagemann, C., Hall, K., Hallman, D., Hargrove, C., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K., Lacey, J., Leonard, D. S., LePort, F., Mackay, D., MacLellan, R., Mong, B., Diez, M. Montero, Muller, A. R., Neilson, R., Niner, E., O'Sullivan, K., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pushkin, K., Rollin, E., Sinclair, D., Slutsky, S., Stekhanov, V., Twelker, K., Voskanian, N., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wichoski, U., Wodin, J., Yang, L., and Yen, Y. -R.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We discuss the design, operation, and calibration of two versions of a xenon gas purity monitor (GPM) developed for the EXO double beta decay program. The devices are sensitive to concentrations of oxygen well below 1 ppb at an ambient gas pressure of one atmosphere or more. The theory of operation of the GPM is discussed along with the interactions of oxygen and other impurities with the GPM's tungsten filament. Lab tests and experiences in commissioning the EXO-200 double beta decay experiment are described. These devices can also be used on other noble gases., Comment: 41 pages, 26 figures

Published
2011
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28. A magnetically-driven piston pump for ultra-clean applications

Author

LePort, F., Neilson, R., Barbeau, P. S., Barry, K., Bartoszek, L., Counts, I., Davis, J., deVoe, R., Dolinski, M. J., Gratta, G., Green, M., Díez, M. Montero, Müller, A. R., O'Sullivan, K., Rivas, A., Twelker, K., Aharmim, B., Auger, M., Belov, V., Benitez-Medina, C., Breidenbach, M., Burenkov, A., Cleveland, B., Conley, R., Cook, J., Cook, S., Craddock, W., Daniels, T., Dixit, M., Dobi, A., Donato, K., Fairbank Jr., W., Farine, J., Fierlinger, P., Franco, D., Giroux, G., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Green, C., Hägemann, C., Hall, C., Hall, K., Hallman, D., Hargrove, C., Herrin, S., Hughes, M., Hodgson, J., Juget, F., Kaufman, L. J., Karelin, A., Ku, J., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K., Leonard, D. S., Lutter, G., Mackay, D., MacLellan, R., Marino, M., Mong, B., Morgan, P., Odian, A., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Pushkin, K., Rollin, E., Rowson, P. C., Schmoll, B., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Slutsky, S., Stekhanov, V., Strickland, V., Swift, M., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Vuilleumier, J. -M., Wichoski, U., Wodin, J., Yang, L., and Yen, Y. -R.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

A magnetically driven piston pump for xenon gas recirculation is presented. The pump is designed to satisfy extreme purity and containment requirements, as is appropriate for the recirculation of isotopically enriched xenon through the purification system and large liquid xenon TPC of EXO-200. The pump, using sprung polymer gaskets, is capable of pumping more than 16 standard liters per minute (SLPM) of xenon gas with 750 torr differential pressure., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures

Published
2011
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29. A simple radionuclide-driven single-ion source

Author

Díez, M. Montero, Twelker, K., Fairbank Jr., W., Gratta, G., Barbeau, P. S., Barry, K., DeVoe, R., Dolinski, M. J., Green, M., LePort, F., Müller, A. R., Neilson, R., O'Sullivan, K., Ackerman, N., Aharmin, B., Auger, M., Benitez-Medina, C., Breidenbach, M., Burenkov, A., Cook, S., Daniels, T., Donato, K., Farine, J., Giroux, G., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Hagemann, C., Hall, C., Hall, K., Hallman, D., Hargrove, C., Herrin, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K., Lacey, J., Leonard, D. S., Mackay, D., MacLellan, R., Mong, B., Niner, E., Odian, A., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Pushkin, K., Rollin, E., Rowson, P. C., Sinclair, D., Slutsky, S., Stekhanov, V., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wichoski, U., Wodin, J., Yang, L., and Yen, Y. -R.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We describe a source capable of producing single barium ions through nuclear recoils in radioactive decay. The source is fabricated by electroplating 148Gd onto a silicon {\alpha}-particle detector and vapor depositing a layer of BaF2 over it. 144Sm recoils from the alpha decay of 148Gd are used to dislodge Ba+ ions from the BaF2 layer and emit them in the surrounding environment. The simultaneous detection of an {\alpha} particle in the substrate detector allows for tagging of the nuclear decay and of the Ba+ emission. The source is simple, durable, and can be manipulated and used in different environments. We discuss the fabrication process, which can be easily adapted to emit most other chemical species, and the performance of the source.

Published
2010
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30. Characterization of large area APDs for the EXO-200 detector

Author

Neilson, R., LePort, F., Pocar, A., Kumar, K., Odian, A., Prescott, C. Y., Tenev, V., Ackerman, N., Akimov, D., Auger, M., Benitez-Medina, C., Breidenbach, M., Burenkov, A., Conley, R., Cook, S., deVoe, R., Dolinski, M. J., Fairbank Jr., W., Farine, J., Fierlinger, P., Flatt, B., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Green, M., Hall, C., Hall, K., Hallman, D., Hargrove, C., Herrin, S., Hodgson, J., Kaufman, L. J., Kovalenko, A., Leonard, D. S., Mackay, D., Mong, B., Diez, M. Montero, Niner, E., O'Sullivan, K., Piepke, A., Rowson, P. C., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Slutsky, S., Stekhanov, V., Strickland, V., Twelker, K., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wamba, K., Wichoski, U., Wodin, J., Yang, L., and Yen, Y. -R.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

EXO-200 uses 468 large area avalanche photodiodes (LAAPDs) for detection of scintillation light in an ultra-low-background liquid xenon (LXe) detector. We describe initial measurements of dark noise, gain and response to xenon scintillation light of LAAPDs at temperatures from room temperature to 169K - the temperature of liquid xenon. We also describe the individual characterization of more than 800 LAAPDs for selective installation in the EXO-200 detector., Comment: 10 pages, 17 figures

Published
2009
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31. Systematic study of trace radioactive impurities in candidate construction materials for EXO-200

Author

Leonard, D. S., Grinberg, P., Weber, P., Baussan, E., Djurcic, Z., Keefer, G., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Vuilleumier, J. -M., Akimov, D., Bellerive, A., Bowcock, M., Breidenbach, M., Burenkov, A., Conley, R., Craddock, W., Danilov, M., DeVoe, R., Dixit, M., Dolgolenko, A., Ekchtout, I., Fairbank Jr., W., Farine, J., Fierlinger, P., Flatt, B., Gratta, G., Green, M., Hall, C., Hall, K., Hallman, D., Hargrove, C., Herbst, R., Hodgson, J., Jeng, S., Kolkowitz, S., Kovalenko, A., Kovalenko, D., LePort, F., Mackay, D., Moe, M., Díez, M. Montero, Neilson, R., Odian, A., O'Sullivan, K., Ounalli, L., Prescott, C. Y., Rowson, P. C., Schenker, D., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Smirnov, G., Stekhanov, V., Strickland, V., Virtue, C., Wamba, K., and Wodin, J.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The Enriched Xenon Observatory (EXO) will search for double beta decays of 136Xe. We report the results of a systematic study of trace concentrations of radioactive impurities in a wide range of raw materials and finished parts considered for use in the construction of EXO-200, the first stage of the EXO experimental program. Analysis techniques employed, and described here, include direct gamma counting, alpha counting, neutron activation analysis, and high-sensitivity mass spectrometry., Comment: 32 pages, 6 figures. Expanded introduction, added missing table entry. Accepted for publication in Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A

Published
2007
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32. A linear RFQ ion trap for the Enriched Xenon Observatory

Author

Flatt, B., Green, M., Wodin, J., DeVoe, R., Fierlinger, P., Gratta, G., LePort, F., Diez, M. Montero, Neilson, R., OSullivan, K., Pocar, A., Waldman, S., Baussan, E., Breidenbach, M., Conley, R., Fairbank Jr., W., Farine, J., Hall, C., Hall, K., Hallman, D., Hargrove, C., Hauger, M., Hodgson, J., Juget, F., Leonard, D. S., Mackay, D., Martin, Y., Mong, B., Odian, A., Ounalli, L., Piepke, A., Prescott, C. Y., Rowson, P. C., Skarpass, K., Schenker, D., Sinclair, D., Strickland, V., Virtue, C., Vuilleuimier, J. -L., Vuilleuimier, J. -M., Wamba, K., and Weber, P.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The design, construction, and performance of a linear radio-frequency ion trap (RFQ) intended for use in the Enriched Xenon Observatory (EXO) are described. EXO aims to detect the neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe to $^{136}$Ba. To suppress possible backgrounds EXO will complement the measurement of decay energy and, to some extent, topology of candidate events in a Xe filled detector with the identification of the daughter nucleus ($^{136}$Ba). The ion trap described here is capable of accepting, cooling, and confining individual Ba ions extracted from the site of the candidate double-beta decay event. A single trapped ion can then be identified, with a large signal-to-noise ratio, via laser spectroscopy., Comment: 18 pages, pdflatex, submitted to NIM A

Published
2007
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33. Observation of single collisionally cooled trapped ions in a buffer gas

Author

Green, M., Wodin, J., DeVoe, R., Fierlinger, P., Flatt, B., Gratta, G., LePort, F., Diez, M. Montero, Neilson, R., OSullivan, K., Pocar, A., Waldman, S., Leonard, D. S., Piepke, A., Hargrove, C., Sinclair, D., Strickland, V., Fairbank Jr., W., Hall, K., Mong, B., Moe, M., Farine, J., Hallman, D., Virtue, C., Baussan, E., Martin, Y., Schenker, D., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Vuilleumier, J. -M., Weber, P., Breidenbach, M., Conley, R., Hall, C., Hodgson, J., Mackay, D., Odian, A., Prescott, C. Y., Rowson, P. C., Skarpaas, K., and Wamba, K.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Individual Ba ions are trapped in a gas-filled linear ion trap and observed with a high signal-to-noise ratio by resonance fluorescence. Single-ion storage times of ~5 min (~1 min) are achieved using He (Ar) as a buffer gas at pressures in the range 8e-5 - 4e-3 torr. Trap dynamics in buffer gases are experimentally studied in the simple case of single ions. In particular, the cooling effects of light gases such as He and Ar and the destabilizing properties of heavier gases such as Xe are studied. A simple model is offered to explain the observed phenomenology., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. A. Minor text and figure changes

Published
2007
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34. A liquid xenon ionization chamber in an all-fluoropolymer vessel

Author

EXO Collaboration, LePort, F., Pocar, A., Bartoszek, L., DeVoe, R., Fierlinger, P., Flatt, B., Gratta, G., Green, M., Koffas, T., Diez, M. Montero, Neilson, R., O'Sullivan, K., Waldman, S., Wodin, J., Woisard, D., Baussan, E., Breidenbach, M., Conley, R., Fairbank Jr., W., Farine, J., Hall, C., Hall, K., Hallman, D., Hargrove, C., Hodgson, J., Jeng, S., Leonard, D. S., Mackay, D., Martin, Y., Odian, A., Ounalli, L., Piepke, A., Prescott, C. Y., Rowson, P. C., Skarpaas, K., Schenker, D., Sinclair, D., Stekhanov, V., Strickland, V., Virtue, C., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Vuilleumier, J. -M., Wamba, K., and Weber, P.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

A novel technique has been developed to build vessels for liquid xenon ionization detectors entirely out of ultra-clean fluoropolymer. We describe the advantages in terms of low radioactivity contamination, provide some details of the construction techniques, and show the energy resolution achieved with a prototype all-fluoropolymer ionization detector., Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures

Published
2006
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36. Improved search for invisible modes of nucleon decay in water with the SNO+ detector

Author

Collaboration, SNO+, Allega, A., Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Bacon, A., Barros, N., Barão, F., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bezerra, T. S., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Cheng, S., Chen, M., Chkvorets, O., Cleveland, B., Cookman, D., Corning, J., Cox, M. A., Dehghani, R., Deluce, C., Depatie, M. M., Dittmer, J., Dixon, K. H., Di Lodovico, F., Falk, E., Fatemighomi, N., Ford, R., Frankiewicz, K., Gaur, A., González-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Grant, C., Grove, J., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Hartnell, J., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Hu, J., Hunt-Stokes, R., Hussain, S. M. A., Inácio, A. S., Jillings, C. J., Kaptanoglu, T., Khaghani, P., Khan, H., Klein, J. R., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupová, T., Lam, I., Land, B. J., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Lee, J., Lefebvre, C., Lidgard, J., Lin, Y. H., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maio, A., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Meyer, M., Mills, C., Morton-Blake, I., Naugle, S., Nolan, L. J., O'Keeffe, H. M., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Page, J., Parker, W., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pickard, L., Ravi, P., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Rose, J., Rumleskie, J., Semenec, I., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Svoboda, R., Tam, B., Tseng, J., Turner, E., Valder, S., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Wang, J., Ward, M., Weigand, J. J., Wilson, J. D., Wilson, J. R., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yang, S., Yeh, M., Yu, S., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zuber, K., Zummo, A., Collaboration, SNO+, Allega, A., Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Bacon, A., Barros, N., Barão, F., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bezerra, T. S., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Cheng, S., Chen, M., Chkvorets, O., Cleveland, B., Cookman, D., Corning, J., Cox, M. A., Dehghani, R., Deluce, C., Depatie, M. M., Dittmer, J., Dixon, K. H., Di Lodovico, F., Falk, E., Fatemighomi, N., Ford, R., Frankiewicz, K., Gaur, A., González-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Grant, C., Grove, J., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Hartnell, J., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Hu, J., Hunt-Stokes, R., Hussain, S. M. A., Inácio, A. S., Jillings, C. J., Kaptanoglu, T., Khaghani, P., Khan, H., Klein, J. R., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupová, T., Lam, I., Land, B. J., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Lee, J., Lefebvre, C., Lidgard, J., Lin, Y. H., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maio, A., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Meyer, M., Mills, C., Morton-Blake, I., Naugle, S., Nolan, L. J., O'Keeffe, H. M., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Page, J., Parker, W., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pickard, L., Ravi, P., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Rose, J., Rumleskie, J., Semenec, I., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Svoboda, R., Tam, B., Tseng, J., Turner, E., Valder, S., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Wang, J., Ward, M., Weigand, J. J., Wilson, J. D., Wilson, J. R., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yang, S., Yeh, M., Yu, S., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.

Abstract

This paper reports results from a search for single and multi-nucleon disappearance from the $^{16}$O nucleus in water within the \snoplus{} detector using all of the available data. These so-called "invisible" decays do not directly deposit energy within the detector but are instead detected through their subsequent nuclear de-excitation and gamma-ray emission. New limits are given for the partial lifetimes: $\tau(n\rightarrow inv) > 9.0\times10^{29}$ years, $\tau(p\rightarrow inv) > 9.6\times10^{29}$ years, $\tau(nn\rightarrow inv) > 1.5\times10^{28}$ years, $\tau(np\rightarrow inv) > 6.0\times10^{28}$ years, and $\tau(pp\rightarrow inv) > 1.1\times10^{29}$ years at 90\% Bayesian credibility level (with a prior uniform in rate). All but the ($nn\rightarrow inv$) results improve on existing limits by a factor of about 3.

Published
2022
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37. Evidence of Antineutrinos from Distant Reactors using Pure Water at SNO+

Author

Collaboration, SNO+, Allega, A., Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Antunes, J., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Bacon, A., Barros, N., Barao, F., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bezerra, T. S., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Cheng, S., Chen, M., Cleveland, B., Cookman, D., Corning, J., Cox, M. A., Dehghani, R., Deloye, J., Deluce, C., Depatie, M. M., Dittmer, J., Dixon, K. H., Di Lodovico, F., Falk, E., Fatemighomi, N., Ford, R., Frankiewicz, K., Gaur, A., Gonzalez-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Grant, C., Grove, J., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Hu, J., Hunt-Stokes, R., Hussain, S. M. A., Inacio, A. S., Jillings, C. J., Kaluzienski, S., Kaptanoglu, T., Khaghani, P., Khan, H., Klein, J. R., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupova, T., Lam, I., Land, B. J., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Lee, J., Lefebvre, C., Lidgard, J., Lin, Y. H., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maio, A., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Mills, C., Morton-Blake, I., Naugle, S., Nolan, L. J., O'Keeffe, H. M., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Page, J., Parker, W., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pickard, L., Ravi, P., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Rumleskie, J., Semenec, I., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Svoboda, R., Tam, B., Tseng, J., Turner, E., Valder, S., Virtue, C. J., Vazquez-Jauregui, E., Wang, J., Ward, M., Wilson, J. R., Wilson, J. D., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yang, S., Yeh, M., Yu, S., Zhang, Y., Zuber, K., Zummo, A., Collaboration, SNO+, Allega, A., Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Antunes, J., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Bacon, A., Barros, N., Barao, F., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bezerra, T. S., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Cheng, S., Chen, M., Cleveland, B., Cookman, D., Corning, J., Cox, M. A., Dehghani, R., Deloye, J., Deluce, C., Depatie, M. M., Dittmer, J., Dixon, K. H., Di Lodovico, F., Falk, E., Fatemighomi, N., Ford, R., Frankiewicz, K., Gaur, A., Gonzalez-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Grant, C., Grove, J., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Hu, J., Hunt-Stokes, R., Hussain, S. M. A., Inacio, A. S., Jillings, C. J., Kaluzienski, S., Kaptanoglu, T., Khaghani, P., Khan, H., Klein, J. R., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupova, T., Lam, I., Land, B. J., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Lee, J., Lefebvre, C., Lidgard, J., Lin, Y. H., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maio, A., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Mills, C., Morton-Blake, I., Naugle, S., Nolan, L. J., O'Keeffe, H. M., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Page, J., Parker, W., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pickard, L., Ravi, P., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Rumleskie, J., Semenec, I., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Svoboda, R., Tam, B., Tseng, J., Turner, E., Valder, S., Virtue, C. J., Vazquez-Jauregui, E., Wang, J., Ward, M., Wilson, J. R., Wilson, J. D., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yang, S., Yeh, M., Yu, S., Zhang, Y., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.

Abstract

The SNO+ Collaboration reports the first evidence of reactor antineutrinos in a Cherenkov detector. The nearest nuclear reactors are located 240~km away in Ontario, Canada. This analysis uses events with energies lower than in any previous analysis with a large water Cherenkov detector. Two analytical methods are used to distinguish reactor antineutrinos from background events in 190 days of data and yield consistent evidence for antineutrinos with a combined significance of 3.5$\sigma$., Comment: v2: add missing author, add link to supplemental material v3: minor updates to match PRL publication

Published
2022
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41. A general purpose test facility for evaluating gas lubricated journal bearings

Author

Ertas, B., Drexel, M., Van Dam, J., and Hallman, D.

Subjects
Testing laboratories -- Design and construction, Bearings (Machinery) -- Mechanical properties, Lubrication and lubricants -- Research, Dynamics -- Research, Engineering and manufacturing industries, Science and technology
Abstract

The present work describes the detailed design and operational capabilities of a general purpose test facility developed to evaluate the dynamics and performance of gas lubricated journal bearings. The component level test facility was developed to serve as an initial tollgate test platform for certifying gas lubricated journal bearings into aircraft engine applications. A rotating test rig was engineered to test 70-120 mm diameter bearings at 40,000-80,000 rpm and 1200[degrees]F. The test rig described in this paper possesses design elements that enable the simultaneous application of dynamic and static load profiles of up to 1000 lb while monitoring and measuring the bearing torque. This capability allows for the characterization of several critical metrics such as bearing lift off speed characteristics, load capacity, and frequency dependent rotordynamic force coefficients. This paper discusses the functionality of the test facility and presents sample test measurements from several experiments. [DOI: 10.1115/1.2979004]

Published
2009

42. The SNO+ Experiment

Author

Collaboration, SNO+, Albanese, V., Alves, R., Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Anselmo, L., Arushanova, E., Asahi, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Back, A. R., Back, S., Bar��o, F., Barnard, Z., Barr, A., Barros, N., Bartlett, D., Bayes, R., Beaudoin, C., Beier, E. W., Berardi, G., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Bonventre, R., Boulay, M., Braid, D., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Caravaca, J., Carvalho, J., Cavalli, L., Chauhan, D., Chen, M., Chkvorets, O., Clark, K. J., Cleveland, B., Connors, C., Cookman, D., Coulter, I. T., Cox, M. A., Cressy, D., Dai, X., Darrach, C., Davis-Purcell, B., Deluce, C., Depatie, M. M., Descamps, F., Di Lodovico, F., Dittmer, J., Doxtator, A., Duhaime, N., Duncan, F., Dunger, J., Earle, A. D., Fabris, D., Falk, E., Farrugia, A., Fatemighomi, N., Felber, C., Fischer, V., Fletcher, E., Ford, R., Frankiewicz, K., Gagnon, N., Gaur, A., Gauthier, J., Gibson-Foster, A., Gilje, K., Gonz��lez-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, C., Grove, J., Grullon, S., Guillian, E., Hall, S., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Hans, S., Hartnell, J., Harvey, P., Hedayatipour, M., Heintzelman, W. J., Heise, J., Helmer, R. L., Hodak, B., Hodak, M., Hood, M., Horne, D., Hreljac, B., Hu, J., Hussain, S. M. A., Iida, T., In��cio, A. S., Jackson, C. M., Jelley, N. A., Jillings, C. J., Jones, C., Jones, P. G., Kamdin, K., Kaptanoglu, T., Kaspar, J., Keeter, K., Kefelian, C., Khaghani, P., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, J. R., Knapik, R., Kofron, J., Kormos, L. L., Korte, S., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupov��, T., Labe, K., Lafleur, F., Lam, I., Lan, C., Land, B. J., Lane, R., Langrock, S., Larochelle, P., Larose, S., LaTorre, A., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Lefeuvre, G. M., Leming, E. J., Li, A., Li, O., Lidgard, J., Liggins, B., Liimatainen, P., Lin, Y. H., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maguire, S., Maio, A., Majumdar, K., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., Marzec, E., Mastbaum, A., Mathewson, A., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., McFarlane, K., Mekarski, P., Meyer, M., Miller, C., Mills, C., Mlejnek, M., Mony, E., Morissette, B., Morton-Blake, I., Mottram, M. J., Nae, S., Nirkko, M., Nolan, L. J., Novikov, V. M., O'Keeffe, H. M., O'Sullivan, E., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Parnell, M. J., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pershing, T., Petriw, Z., Petzoldt, J., Pickard, L., Pracsovics, D., Prior, G., Prouty, J. C., Quirk, S., Read, S., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Ritchie, I., Robertson, A., Robertson, B. C., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Rost, P. M., Rumleskie, J., Schumaker, M. A., Schwendener, M. H., Scislowski, D., Secrest, J., Seddighin, M., Segui, L., Seibert, S., Semenec, I., Shaker, F., Shantz, T., Sharma, M. K., Shokair, T. M., Sibley, L., Sinclair, J. R., Singh, K., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Sonley, T., S��rensen, A., St-Amant, M., Stainforth, R., Stankiewicz, S., Strait, M., Stringer, M. I., Stripay, A., Svoboda, R., Tacchino, S., Tam, B., Tanguay, C., Tatar, J., Tian, L., Tolich, N., Tseng, J., Tseung, H. W. C., Turner, E., Van Berg, R., V��zquez-J��uregui, E., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., von Krosigk, B., Walker, J. M. G., Walker, M., Wallig, J., Walton, S. C., Wang, J., Ward, M., Wasalski, O., Waterfield, J., Weigand, J. J., White, R. F., Wilson, J. R., Winchester, T. J., Woosaree, P., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yeh, M., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zhao, T., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The SNO+ experiment is located 2 km underground at SNOLAB in Sudbury, Canada. A low background search for neutrinoless double beta ($0������$) decay will be conducted using 780 tonnes of liquid scintillator loaded with 3.9 tonnes of natural tellurium, corresponding to 1.3 tonnes of $^{130}$Te. This paper provides a general overview of the SNO+ experiment, including detector design, construction of process plants, commissioning efforts, electronics upgrades, data acquisition systems, and calibration techniques. The SNO+ collaboration is reusing the acrylic vessel, PMT array, and electronics of the SNO detector, having made a number of experimental upgrades and essential adaptations for use with the liquid scintillator. With low backgrounds and a low energy threshold, the SNO+ collaboration will also pursue a rich physics program beyond the search for $0������$ decay, including studies of geo- and reactor antineutrinos, supernova and solar neutrinos, and exotic physics such as the search for invisible nucleon decay. The SNO+ approach to the search for $0������$ decay is scalable: a future phase with high $^{130}$Te-loading is envisioned to probe an effective Majorana mass in the inverted mass ordering region., 61 pages, 23 figures, 4 tables

Published
2021
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43. The SNO+ experiment

Author

Albanese, V., additional, Alves, R., additional, Anderson, M.R., additional, Andringa, S., additional, Anselmo, L., additional, Arushanova, E., additional, Asahi, S., additional, Askins, M., additional, Auty, D.J., additional, Back, A.R., additional, Back, S., additional, Barão, F., additional, Barnard, Z., additional, Barr, A., additional, Barros, N., additional, Bartlett, D., additional, Bayes, R., additional, Beaudoin, C., additional, Beier, E.W., additional, Berardi, G., additional, Bialek, A., additional, Biller, S.D., additional, Blucher, E., additional, Bonventre, R., additional, Boulay, M., additional, Braid, D., additional, Caden, E., additional, Callaghan, E.J., additional, Caravaca, J., additional, Carvalho, J., additional, Cavalli, L., additional, Chauhan, D., additional, Chen, M., additional, Chkvorets, O., additional, Clark, K.J., additional, Cleveland, B., additional, Connors, C., additional, Cookman, D., additional, Coulter, I.T., additional, Cox, M.A., additional, Cressy, D., additional, Dai, X., additional, Darrach, C., additional, Davis-Purcell, B., additional, Deluce, C., additional, Depatie, M.M., additional, Descamps, F., additional, Di Lodovico, F., additional, Dittmer, J., additional, Doxtator, A., additional, Duhaime, N., additional, Duncan, F., additional, Dunger, J., additional, Earle, A.D., additional, Fabris, D., additional, Falk, E., additional, Farrugia, A., additional, Fatemighomi, N., additional, Felber, C., additional, Fischer, V., additional, Fletcher, E., additional, Ford, R., additional, Frankiewicz, K., additional, Gagnon, N., additional, Gaur, A., additional, Gauthier, J., additional, Gibson-Foster, A., additional, Gilje, K., additional, González-Reina, O.I., additional, Gooding, D., additional, Gorel, P., additional, Graham, K., additional, Grant, C., additional, Grove, J., additional, Grullon, S., additional, Guillian, E., additional, Hall, S., additional, Hallin, A.L., additional, Hallman, D., additional, Hans, S., additional, Hartnell, J., additional, Harvey, P., additional, Hedayatipour, M., additional, Heintzelman, W.J., additional, Heise, J., additional, Helmer, R.L., additional, Hodak, B., additional, Hodak, M., additional, Hood, M., additional, Horne, D., additional, Hreljac, B., additional, Hu, J., additional, Hussain, S.M.A., additional, Iida, T., additional, Inácio, A.S., additional, Jackson, C.M., additional, Jelley, N.A., additional, Jillings, C.J., additional, Jones, C., additional, Jones, P.G., additional, Kamdin, K., additional, Kaptanoglu, T., additional, Kaspar, J., additional, Keeter, K., additional, Kefelian, C., additional, Khaghani, P., additional, Kippenbrock, L., additional, Klein, J.R., additional, Knapik, R., additional, Kofron, J., additional, Kormos, L.L., additional, Korte, S., additional, Krar, B., additional, Kraus, C., additional, Krauss, C.B., additional, Kroupová, T., additional, Labe, K., additional, Lafleur, F., additional, Lam, I., additional, Lan, C., additional, Land, B.J., additional, Lane, R., additional, Langrock, S., additional, Larochelle, P., additional, Larose, S., additional, LaTorre, A., additional, Lawson, I., additional, Lebanowski, L., additional, Lefeuvre, G.M., additional, Leming, E.J., additional, Li, A., additional, Li, O., additional, Lidgard, J., additional, Liggins, B., additional, Liimatainen, P., additional, Lin, Y.H., additional, Liu, X., additional, Liu, Y., additional, Lozza, V., additional, Luo, M., additional, Maguire, S., additional, Maio, A., additional, Majumdar, K., additional, Manecki, S., additional, Maneira, J., additional, Martin, R.D., additional, Marzec, E., additional, Mastbaum, A., additional, Mathewson, A., additional, McCauley, N., additional, McDonald, A.B., additional, McFarlane, K., additional, Mekarski, P., additional, Meyer, M., additional, Miller, C., additional, Mills, C., additional, Mlejnek, M., additional, Mony, E., additional, Morissette, B., additional, Morton-Blake, I., additional, Mottram, M.J., additional, Nae, S., additional, Nirkko, M., additional, Nolan, L.J., additional, Novikov, V.M., additional, O'Keeffe, H.M., additional, O'Sullivan, E., additional, Orebi Gann, G.D., additional, Parnell, M.J., additional, Paton, J., additional, Peeters, S.J.M., additional, Pershing, T., additional, Petriw, Z., additional, Petzoldt, J., additional, Pickard, L., additional, Pracsovics, D., additional, Prior, G., additional, Prouty, J.C., additional, Quirk, S., additional, Read, S., additional, Reichold, A., additional, Riccetto, S., additional, Richardson, R., additional, Rigan, M., additional, Ritchie, I., additional, Robertson, A., additional, Robertson, B.C., additional, Rose, J., additional, Rosero, R., additional, Rost, P.M., additional, Rumleskie, J., additional, Schumaker, M.A., additional, Schwendener, M.H., additional, Scislowski, D., additional, Secrest, J., additional, Seddighin, M., additional, Segui, L., additional, Seibert, S., additional, Semenec, I., additional, Shaker, F., additional, Shantz, T., additional, Sharma, M.K., additional, Shokair, T.M., additional, Sibley, L., additional, Sinclair, J.R., additional, Singh, K., additional, Skensved, P., additional, Smiley, M., additional, Sonley, T., additional, Sörensen, A., additional, St-Amant, M., additional, Stainforth, R., additional, Stankiewicz, S., additional, Strait, M., additional, Stringer, M.I., additional, Stripay, A., additional, Svoboda, R., additional, Tacchino, S., additional, Tam, B., additional, Tanguay, C., additional, Tatar, J., additional, Tian, L., additional, Tolich, N., additional, Tseng, J., additional, Tseung, H.W.C., additional, Turner, E., additional, Van Berg, R., additional, Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., additional, Veinot, J.G.C., additional, Virtue, C.J., additional, von Krosigk, B., additional, Walker, J.M.G., additional, Walker, M., additional, Wallig, J., additional, Walton, S.C., additional, Wang, J., additional, Ward, M., additional, Wasalski, O., additional, Waterfield, J., additional, Weigand, J.J., additional, White, R.F., additional, Wilson, J.R., additional, Winchester, T.J., additional, Woosaree, P., additional, Wright, A., additional, Yanez, J.P., additional, Yeh, M., additional, Zhang, T., additional, Zhang, Y., additional, Zhao, T., additional, Zuber, K., additional, and Zummo, A., additional

Published
2021
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44. Development, characterisation, and deployment of the SNO+ liquid scintillator

Author

Anderson, Anderson, MR, Andringa, S, Anselmo, L, Arushanova, E, Asahi, S, Askins, M, Auty, DJ, Back, AR, Barnard, Z, Barros, N, Bartlett, D, Barao, F, Bayes, R, Beier, EW, Bialek, A, Biller, SD, Blucher, E, Bonventre, R, Boulay, M, Braid, D, Caden, E, Callaghan, EJ, Caravaca, J, Carvalho, J, Cavalli, L, Chauhan, D, Chen, M, Chkvorets, O, Clark, KJ, Cleveland, B, Cookman, D, Connors, C, Coulter, IT, Cox, MA, Cressy, D, Dai, X, Darrach, C, Davis-Purcell, B, Deluce, C, Depatie, MM, Descamps, F, Dittmer, J, Di Lodovico, F, Duhaime, N, Duncan, F, Dunger, J, Earle, AD, Fabris, D, Falk, E, Farrugia, A, Fatemighomi, N, Fischer, V, Fletcher, E, Ford, R, Frankiewicz, K, Gagnon, N, Gaur, A, Gilje, K, González-Reina, OI, Gooding, D, Gorel, P, Graham, K, Grant, C, Grove, J, Grullon, S, Guillian, E, Hall, S, Hallin, AL, Hallman, D, Hans, S, Hartnell, J, Harvey, P, Hedayatipour, M, Heintzelman, WJ, Heise, J, Helmer, RL, Horne, D, Hreljac, B, Hu, J, Hussain, SMA, Iida, T, Inácio, AS, Jackson, CM, Jelley, NA, Jillings, CJ, Jones, C, Jones, PG, Kamdin, K, Kaptanoglu, T, Kaspar, J, Keeter, K, Kefelian, C, Khaghani, P, Kippenbrock, L, Klein, JR, Knapik, R, Kofron, J, Kormos, LL, Korte, S, Krar, B, Anderson, Anderson, MR, Andringa, S, Anselmo, L, Arushanova, E, Asahi, S, Askins, M, Auty, DJ, Back, AR, Barnard, Z, Barros, N, Bartlett, D, Barao, F, Bayes, R, Beier, EW, Bialek, A, Biller, SD, Blucher, E, Bonventre, R, Boulay, M, Braid, D, Caden, E, Callaghan, EJ, Caravaca, J, Carvalho, J, Cavalli, L, Chauhan, D, Chen, M, Chkvorets, O, Clark, KJ, Cleveland, B, Cookman, D, Connors, C, Coulter, IT, Cox, MA, Cressy, D, Dai, X, Darrach, C, Davis-Purcell, B, Deluce, C, Depatie, MM, Descamps, F, Dittmer, J, Di Lodovico, F, Duhaime, N, Duncan, F, Dunger, J, Earle, AD, Fabris, D, Falk, E, Farrugia, A, Fatemighomi, N, Fischer, V, Fletcher, E, Ford, R, Frankiewicz, K, Gagnon, N, Gaur, A, Gilje, K, González-Reina, OI, Gooding, D, Gorel, P, Graham, K, Grant, C, Grove, J, Grullon, S, Guillian, E, Hall, S, Hallin, AL, Hallman, D, Hans, S, Hartnell, J, Harvey, P, Hedayatipour, M, Heintzelman, WJ, Heise, J, Helmer, RL, Horne, D, Hreljac, B, Hu, J, Hussain, SMA, Iida, T, Inácio, AS, Jackson, CM, Jelley, NA, Jillings, CJ, Jones, C, Jones, PG, Kamdin, K, Kaptanoglu, T, Kaspar, J, Keeter, K, Kefelian, C, Khaghani, P, Kippenbrock, L, Klein, JR, Knapik, R, Kofron, J, Kormos, LL, Korte, S, and Krar, B

Abstract

A liquid scintillator consisting of linear alkylbenzene as the solvent and 2,5-diphenyloxazole as the fluor was developed for the SNO+ experiment. This mixture was chosen as it is compatible with acrylic and has a competitive light yield to pre-existing liquid scintillators while conferring other advantages including longer attenuation lengths, superior safety characteristics, chemical simplicity, ease of handling, and logistical availability. Its properties have been extensively characterized and are presented here. This liquid scintillator is now used in several neutrino physics experiments in addition to SNO+.

Published
2021

45. Optical calibration of the SNO+ detector in the water phase with deployed sources

Author

Collaboration, SNO+, Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Barão, F., Barros, N., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Boulay, M., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Caravaca, J., Chen, M., Chkvorets, O., Cleveland, B., Cookman, D., Corning, J., Cox, M. A., Deluce, C., Depatie, M. M., Di Lodovico, F., Dittmer, J., Falk, E., Fatemighomi, N., Fischer, V., Ford, R., Frankiewicz, K., Gaur, A., Gilje, K., González-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Grant, C., Grove, J., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Hartnell, J., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Hu, J., Hunt-Stokes, R., Hussain, S. M. A., Inácio, A. S., Jillings, C. J., Kaptanoglu, T., Khaghani, P., Khan, H., Klein, J. R., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupová, T., Lam, I., Land, B. J., LaTorre, A., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Lefebvre, C., Li, A., Lidgard, J., Lin, Y. H., Liu, Y., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maio, A., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Meyer, M., Mills, C., Morton-Blake, I., Nae, S., Nirkko, M., Nolan, L. J., O'Keeffe, H. M., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Page, J., Parker, W., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pershing, T., Pickard, L., Prior, G., Ravi, P., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Rose, J., Rumleskie, J., Semenec, I., Shaker, F., Sharma, M. K., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Stainforth, R., Svoboda, R., Tam, B., Tseng, J., Turner, E., Valder, S., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., Wang, J., Ward, M., Weigand, J. J., Wilson, J. R., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yeh, M., Yu, S., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zuber, K., Zummo, A., Collaboration, SNO+, Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Barão, F., Barros, N., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Boulay, M., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Caravaca, J., Chen, M., Chkvorets, O., Cleveland, B., Cookman, D., Corning, J., Cox, M. A., Deluce, C., Depatie, M. M., Di Lodovico, F., Dittmer, J., Falk, E., Fatemighomi, N., Fischer, V., Ford, R., Frankiewicz, K., Gaur, A., Gilje, K., González-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Grant, C., Grove, J., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Hartnell, J., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Hu, J., Hunt-Stokes, R., Hussain, S. M. A., Inácio, A. S., Jillings, C. J., Kaptanoglu, T., Khaghani, P., Khan, H., Klein, J. R., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupová, T., Lam, I., Land, B. J., LaTorre, A., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Lefebvre, C., Li, A., Lidgard, J., Lin, Y. H., Liu, Y., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maio, A., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Meyer, M., Mills, C., Morton-Blake, I., Nae, S., Nirkko, M., Nolan, L. J., O'Keeffe, H. M., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Page, J., Parker, W., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pershing, T., Pickard, L., Prior, G., Ravi, P., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Rose, J., Rumleskie, J., Semenec, I., Shaker, F., Sharma, M. K., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Stainforth, R., Svoboda, R., Tam, B., Tseng, J., Turner, E., Valder, S., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., Wang, J., Ward, M., Weigand, J. J., Wilson, J. R., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yeh, M., Yu, S., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.

Abstract

SNO+ is a large-scale liquid scintillator experiment with the primary goal of searching for neutrinoless double beta decay, and is located approximately 2 km underground in SNOLAB, Sudbury, Canada. The detector acquired data for two years as a pure water Cherenkov detector, starting in May 2017. During this period, the optical properties of the detector were measured in situ using a deployed light diffusing sphere, with the goal of improving the detector model and the energy response systematic uncertainties. The measured parameters included the water attenuation coefficients, effective attenuation coefficients for the acrylic vessel, and the angular response of the photomultiplier tubes and their surrounding light concentrators, all across different wavelengths. The calibrated detector model was validated using a deployed tagged gamma source, which showed a 0.6% variation in energy scale across the primary target volume., Comment: Accepted by JINST (30 pages, 19 figures)

Published
2021
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