Search

Introduction: Pelvic girdle pain during and after pregnancy is a major public health problem with significant daily problems for affected women and their families. There is now accumulating evidence that pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain originates from the sacroiliac joints and the pubic symphysis as well as their extra-articular ligaments. However, the heritability of the disease remains to be determined. We hypothesized that there is an increased familial risk of pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain. Material and methods: A population-based national database linkage registry study of approximately 9.3 million individuals within 4.2 million families in Sweden with a recruitment period from 1997 to 2018. The Swedish Multi-generation register was used to find female pairs of twins, full siblings, half-siblings and first cousins where both in the pairs had a completed pregnancy. The outcome measure was diagnosis of pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain (International Classification of Diseases-10 O26.7 [1997–2018]) in the first pregnancy. Data was obtained from the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register, the Swedish Outpatient Care Register, the Swedish Medical Birth Register, the Primary Healthcare Register, and Medical Treatment Register. Cox regression analysis was used to calculate adjusted estimated effect of the exposure variable familial history of pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain on the outcome variable pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain at first birth. Results: From the registers, 1 010 064 women pregnant with their first child within 795 654 families were collected. In total, 109 147 women were diagnosed with pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain. The adjusted hazard ratio for a familial risk of pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain was 2.09 (95% CI 1.85–2.37) among twins (monozygotic and dizygotic), 1.78 (95% CI 1.74–1.82) in full siblings, 1.16 (95% CI 1.06–1.28) in half-siblings from the mother, 1.09 (95% CI 1.024–1.16) in half-siblings from the fathe more...

This paper explores young autistic adults' energy management in relation to work, leisure activities and social relationships. Energy management strategies serve as different ways for the young autistic adults to sustain their energy balance by trying to understand what increases or reduces their energy levels. In this way, energy can be understood as modes of autistic functionality where the informants' individual energy levels, the contexts in which they find themselves and the strategies they use to influence and form central parts of their everyday lives. more...

In this article, we explore experiences of support and self-management amongst young autistic adults in the context of vocational support interventions in Sweden. We analyse how young autistic men use different strategies to manage their vocational work and the support they need to maintain, achieve and sustain their work performance. Data consist of eleven interviews with 4 autistic young adult men in different work environments where vocational support interventions are implemented to different degrees. One finding concludes that the interviewees are affected by and try to adapt to neurotypical norms and expectations about working life and adulthood. Although individualised coping strategies can be helpful, it is important for employers and formal support persons to understand and acknowledge that individual emotional and problem-solving coping strategies are demanding and need to be combined with adaptations in the working environment. Another finding concludes how work managers act as gatekeeper in the vocational support system the young autistic men aspire to access and in which they need to manage their work performance. Thus, social workers must provide structured and well-coordinated formal work support by both involving the autistic clients’ employers, work managers and informal networks. more...

Objectives Long-duration activity-limiting neck/back pain is common, but the knowledge of what work and lifestyle factors that influence the prognosis is sparse. The objective was therefore to evaluate if two factors, good self-perceived work ability and no daily smoking, are associated with a favourable prognosis of long-duration activity-limiting neck/back pain in a working population, and if these exposures have a synergistic prognostic effect. Design A prospective cohort study based on three subsamples from the Stockholm Public Health Cohort. Settings A working population in Stockholm County, Sweden. Participants Individuals, 18–61 years old, reporting long-duration activity-limiting neck/back pain the previous 6 months at baseline in 2010 (n=5177). Measures The exposures were: self-perceived work ability (categorised into good, moderate and poor) and daily smoking (no/yes). The outcome in 2014 was ‘absence of long-duration activity-limiting neck/back pain’ the previous 6 months representing a favourable prognosis of reported problems at baseline in 2010. Risk ratios (RRs) and risk differences (RDs) with 95% CI was estimated by general linear regressions, and the synergistic effect was estimated by the synergy index (SI) with 95% CI. Results Participants with moderate or good work ability, respectively, had an adjusted RR for a favourable prognosis of 1.37 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.69), and 1.80 (1.49 to 2.17) in comparison with participants with poor work ability. The corresponding adjusted RD were 0.07 (0.02 to 0.11) and 0.17 (0.12 to 0.22). Participants not smoking on daily basis had an adjusted RR of 1.21 (1.02 to 1.42), and an adjusted RD of 0.05 (0.01 to 0.10) for a favourable outcome compared with daily smokers. The adjusted SI was 0.92 (0.60 to 1.43). Conclusion For participants with long-duration activity-limiting neck/back pain, moderate or good self-perceived work ability and not being a daily smoker were associated with a favourable prognosis but having both more...

Denna avhandling knyter an till den klassiska kulturvetenskapliga frågan om hur vi förstår vad det innebär att vara människa. Specifikt undersöks hur människor i samtiden aktivt utforskar och förhåller sig till den ökande kontaktytan i vardagsliv och arbetsliv mellan människor och människoliknande teknik, dvs. teknik som har människoliknande egenskaper och inte sällan även människoliknande utseende såsom robotar och digital hälsoteknik. Detta möjliggör en granskning av hur mänsklighet skapas, förhandlas och omförhandlas. Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen är att undersöka de föreställningar om vad det innebär att vara människa som aktualiseras i mötet mellan människa och människoliknande teknik. De centrala frågorna rör vilka dessa föreställningar om det mänskliga är, vad som kännetecknar dem och hur de kommer till uttryck samt hur gränser mellan människor och människoliknande teknik förhandlas och omförhandlas. I syftet ingår även att undersöka hur föreställningar om det mänskliga i relation till människoliknande teknik påverkas av och påverkar föreställningar om kön, sexualitet, ålder, etnicitet, social skiktning och subjektivitet, samt även hälso- och sjukvård och professionalism. Dessa olika perspektiv undersöks i avhandlingens fem papers. Avhandlingens empiri utgörs av två delstudier från både fiktiva och icke-fiktiva sammanhang där människoliknande teknik utvecklas och används av människor inom en svensk kontext. Delstudierna utgör två olika spelplatser där möjliga (framtida) relationer mellan människor och människoliknande teknik gestaltas och undersöks. I delstudie 1 (paper 1–2) undersöks, genom intervjuer och observationer, utvecklingen av digital hälsoteknik för hälso- och sjukvård inom två svenska tvärvetenskapliga forskningsprojekt, Like-a-peer och Walk Safely. I delstudie 2 (paper 3–5) undersöks, genom medieobservationer, relationer mellan människor och människoliknande teknik i den svenska science fiction tv-serien Äkta människor. Empirin har ana, This thesis relates to a classic question within cultural sciences: what does it mean to be human? In a time characterised by the increasing presence of human-like technology in people's everyday lives and working lives, where technology is programmed with human-like traits or is attributed human-like traits, studying the relationship between humans and human-like objects can contribute to an understanding of how notions of what it means to be human are negotiated and renegotiated. The overall aim of this thesis is to explore the notions of what it means to be human in relationships between humans and human-like technology. What are these notions of being human, what characterises them, and how are they expressed? How are borders between humans and human-like technology negotiated and renegotiated? The aim is also to explore how notions of being human, in relation to human-like technology, are both affected by and influence notions of gender, sexuality, age, ethnicity, social stratification, and subjectivity as well as health care and professionalism. These different perspectives are studied in the five papers making up this thesis. The empirical material, based on two sub-studies, was collected from both fictional and non-fictional Swedish contexts where human-like technology is developed and used by people. In the first sub-study (papers 1–2), the development of digital health technologies for health care is explored through two interdisciplinary research projects – Like-a-peer and Walk Safely. In the second sub-study (papers 3–5), relationships between humans and human-like technology in the world of fiction, in the Swedish science fiction TV series Real Humans (Äkta människor), are explored. Based on the results of this thesis’ papers, two overarching themes were discerned. The first theme concerns how human-likeness as a means, an imagination, and a practice both maintains and exceeds borders between humans and human-like technology. In Like-a-peer, Walk S more...

BACKGROUND: Little is known about factors that may explain the association between depressive symptoms and poor labour market participation (LMP). The aim of this study is to examine the mediation and interaction effects of social support on the association between depressive symptoms and LMP. METHODS: Data were used from 985 participants (91% of the initial cohort) of the Northern Swedish Cohort, a longitudinal study of Swedish participants followed from adolescence throughout adulthood. Depressive symptoms were measured at age 16, social support at age 21 and LMP from age 30 to 43. Poor LMP was defined as being unemployed for a total of 6 months or more between the ages of 30 and 43. A four-way decomposition approach was applied to identify direct, mediation and interaction effects, together and separately. RESULTS: Both depressive symptoms during adolescence and social support at young adulthood were associated with poor LMP [odds ratio (OR) = 1.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17-2.47 and OR = 2.56, 95% CI 1.78-3.68 respectively]. The association between depressive symptoms and poor LMP was partially mediated by a lack of social support. No interaction effect of a lack of social support was found. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that depressive symptoms influence not only later LMP but also the intermediary level of social support, and in turn influencing later LMP. Recommendations for public health are to detect and treat depressive symptoms at an early stage and to focus on the development of social skills, facilitating the increased availability of social support, thereby improving future LMP. more...

The aim of this paper is to explore how a digital caregiver, developed within a Swedish interdisciplinary research project, is humanised through health-enhancing practices of personalisation and friendliness. The digital caregiver is developed for being used in older patients’ homes to enhance their health. The paper explores how the participants (researchers and user study participants) of the research project navigate through the humanisation of technology in relation to practices of personalisation and friendliness. The participants were involved in a balancing act between making the digital caregiver person-like and friend-like enough to ensure the health of the patient. Simultaneously, trying to make the patients feel like as if they were interacting with someone rather than something – while at the same time not making the digital caregiver seem like a real person or a real friend. This illustrates the participants’ discursive negotiations of the degree of humanisation the digital caregiver needs in order to promote the health of the patient. A discursive conflict was identified between a patient discourse of self-determination versus a healthcare professional discourse of authority and medical responsibility: whether the digital caregiver should follow the patient’s health-related preferences or follow the healthcare professionals’ health rules. Hence, a possible conflict between the patient and the digital caregiver might arise due to different understandings of friendliness and health; between friendliness (humanisation) as a health-enhancing practice governed by the patient or by the healthcare professionals (healthcare professionalism). more...

This article examines the role of a civil society organisation that offers parental support to migrant parents with regard to meanings of parenthood and citizenship. It is based on the results of an action research study of a civil society organisation. The material consists of notes from participatory work in a local centre for children, youth and their parents, and of interviews with professionals, a project manager of the local organisation, and a public servant and a social worker who both work for the district council. Additional material is taken from notes of study visits to organisations working with the same target group. The results highlight four central themes. The first two themes, difficult parents in a precarious place and a place with a future?, revolves around parental needs in relation to place, the suburb. The third theme, civic parenting practices, focuses on parenting practices as civic practices. The fourth theme, gendering parent citizens, discusses the gendered meanings of the parent citizen as both an object and an agent of integration. more...