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Abstract The current study explores error fossilization in the academic writing of Saudi English as a Foreign Language (EFL) undergraduate learners. A manual textual analysis approach, employing corpus content analysis on writing across diverse genres including argumentative, expository, narrative, and descriptive essays was conducted to discover the fossilized errors. The results showed that certain errors, such as idiomatic language usage and subject-verb agreement, appear to be fossilized, while others diminish over time. The study highlights specific instances of error fossilization, including challenges related to articles, idiomatic language, plural markers, negative markers, and prepositions. These errors are attributed to factors such as linguistic differences between Arabic and English, limited exposure to authentic language materials, and cultural influences. This study provides valuable insights into the complexities of error fossilization among Saudi EFL undergraduates. By understanding the factors contributed to these errors and their underlying causes, educators can develop tailored approaches to language instruction, ultimately enhancing English proficiency in similar contexts.

Abstract Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted metabolic and hormonal condition that impacts women in their procreative ages, identified by ovarian dysfunction, hyperandrogenaemia overweight and insulin insensitivity. The piperine, an important alkaloid compound of black pepper has shown promise in modulating various physiological processes. In this work, employed computational docking studies to explore the potential of piperine as a treatment for PCOS. Utilizing computational methods, we analyzed the binding interactions between piperine and key molecular targets implicated in PCOS pathogenesis, including hyperandrogenism, and “oligomenorrhea. The network pharmacology analysis report found 988 PCOS-related genes, 108 hyperandrogenism-related genes, and 377 oligomenorrhea-related genes, and we finally shortlisted 5 common genes in PCOS, hyperandrogenism, and “oligomenorrhea”: NR3C1, PPARG, FOS, CYP17A1, and H6PD. Our results reveal favorable binding affinities with PPARG (-8.34 Kcal/mol) and H6PD (-8.70 Kcal/mol) and interaction patterns, suggesting the potential of piperine to modulate these targets. Moreover, the reliability of the piperine-target interactions was revealed by molecular simulations studies. These findings support further experimental investigations to validate the therapeutic efficacy of piperine in PCOS management. The integration of computational approaches with experimental studies has the potential to lay the groundwork for the creation of new therapies specifically targeting PCOS and related endocrine disorders.

AIM: To determine whether the levator palpebrae superioris (LPS)/superior rectus (SR) muscle complex, can influence the position of the upper lid and fornix in acquired anophthalmic sockets. METHODS: This comparative non-randomized and non-interventional study included retrospective data of 21 patients with unilateral acquired anophthalmic sockets repaired with spheric implants. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) measurements of the LPM/SR muscle complex and clinical topographic position of the upper lid, superior and inferior fornix depth in primary gaze position were evaluated. Demographic data were presented as frequency and percentage proportions and quantitative variables comparing the socket measurements with the normal contralateral orbit was statistically analyzed using non-parametric tests considering P0.05, all comparisons). The superior fornix depth was similar in the anophthalmic socket and the contralateral normal orbit (P=0.192) as well the inferior fornix depth (P=0.351). CONCLUSION: Acquired anophthalmic sockets repaired with spheric implants have shorter LPS, thicker SR, and more lagophthalmos than normal orbits. The relationship of the LPS and SR with other orbital structures, associated with passive or active forces acting in the final position of the lids and external ocular prosthesis should be further investigated.

This review is based on the radar cross-section (RCS) reduction techniques, with the prominence of the metasurface and its design. The thorough detail starts with introducing the concepts of the RCS and its reduction techniques. Then, traditional and recent techniques are provided to reduce RCS, emphasizing the scattering and absorption methods. An in-depth analysis of shaping processes and Radar Absorbing Materials (RAM) is provided, which are two standard RCS reduction techniques. It also thoroughly analyses the metamaterial-based RCS reduction, considering both active and passive configurations. The primary aspects covered regarding the utilization of metasurfaces for reducing RCS include profile, conformality, polarization sensitivity, and design complexity. To provide comparison and evaluation, the review includes tabulated information on performance parameters such as the method used, frequency range, size, optimization method, and planar or conformal design of RCS reduction. Additionally, the paper identifies areas within the field that require further in-depth research and investigation.

The primary goal of esthetic treatment is to ensure patient satisfaction and meet their expectations of improving their facial esthetics and smile. However, some patients may have doubts regarding the irreversible nature of the treatment. In such cases, the Digital Smile Designing (DSD) technique can be employed to educate and motivate patients. DSD is a technical tool that allows digital designing and modification of a patient’s smile, enabling them to visualize the potential outcomes before the actual treatment begins. This technique facilitates visual communication and patient involvement in the smile design process, leading to predictable treatment results and higher acceptance rates. This article provides an overview of DSD in esthetic dental practice and discusses its applications, advantages, limitations, and future possibilities.

Introduction: Targeted single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been used in genomic prediction methodologies to enhance the accuracy of associated genetic transmitting abilities in Holstein cows. The objective of this study was to identify and validate SNPs associated with fertility traits impacting early embryo mortality.Methods: The mRNA sequencing data from day 16 normal (n = 9) and embryo mortality (n = 6) conceptuses from lactating multiparous Holstein cows were used to detect SNPs. The selection of specific genes with SNPs as preliminary candidates was based on associations with reproductive and fertility traits. Validation of candidate SNPs and genotype-to-phenotype analyses were conducted in a separate cohort of lactating primiparous Holstein cows (n = 500). After genotyping, candidate SNPs were filtered using a quality control pipeline via PLINK software. Continuous numeric and binary models from reproductive traits were evaluated using the mixed procedure for a generalized linear model-one way ANOVA or logistic regression, respectively.Results: Sixty-nine candidate SNPs were initially identified, but only 23 passed quality control procedures. Ultimately, the study incorporated 466 observations for statistical analysis after excluding animals with missing genotypes or phenotypes. Significant (p

A theoretical thermodynamic study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant activity and mechanism of 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine derivatives (OTP) using a Density Functional Theory (DFT) approach. The study assessed how solvent environments influence the antioxidant properties of these derivatives. With the increasing prevalence of diseases linked to oxidative stress, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases, antioxidants are crucial in mitigating the damage caused by free radicals. Previous research has demonstrated the remarkable scavenging abilities of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives, prompting this investigation into their potential using computational methods. DFT calculations were employed to analyze key parameters, including bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE), ionization potential (IP), proton dissociation enthalpy (PDE), and electron transfer enthalpy (ETE), to delineate the antioxidant mechanisms of these compounds. Our findings indicate that specific electron-donating groups such as amine on the phenyl rings significantly enhance the antioxidant activities of these derivatives. The study also integrates global and local reactivity descriptors, such as Fukui functions and HOMO-LUMO energies, to predict the stability and reactivity of these molecules, providing insights into their potential as effective synthetic antioxidants in pharmaceutical applications.

BackgroundRearranged during transfection (RET), an oncogenic protein, is associated with various cancers, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), pancreatic cancer, medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), breast cancer, and colorectal cancer. Dysregulation of RET contributes to cancer development, highlighting the importance of identifying lead compounds targeting this protein due to its pivotal role in cancer progression. Therefore, this study aims to discover effective lead compounds targeting RET across different cancer types and evaluate their potential to inhibit cancer progression.MethodsThis study used a range of computational techniques, including Phase database creation, high-throughput virtual screening (HTVS), molecular docking, molecular mechanics with generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) solvation, assessment of pharmacokinetic (PK) properties, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, to identify potential lead compounds targeting RET.ResultsInitially, a high-throughput virtual screening of the ZINC database identified 2,550 compounds from a pool of 170,269. Subsequent molecular docking studies revealed 10 compounds with promising negative binding scores ranging from −8.458 to −7.791 kcal/mol. MM-GBSA analysis further confirmed the potential of four compounds to exhibit negative binding scores. MD simulations demonstrated the stability of CID 95842900, CID 137030374, CID 124958150, and CID 110126793 with the target receptors.ConclusionThese findings suggest that these selected four compounds have the potential to inhibit phosphorylated RET (pRET) tyrosine kinase activity and may represent promising candidates for the treatment of various cancers.

The radiation of a structure comprising a spherical radome enclosing an antenna and made of an orthorhombic dielectric-magnetic medium is treated semi analytically in this paper. Inside the radome, the radiation field phasors due to the antenna and reflected field phasors due to the radome are expanded into vector spherical wave functions of the radome’s medium. This yields two sets of unknown expansion coefficients: the radiation-field expansion coefficients, and the reflected-field expansion coefficients. The radiation-field expansion coefficients are obtained in terms of the current distribution in the antenna upon using the bilinear-form dyadic Green functions of the radome’s medium. Outside the radome, the exterior field phasors due to the radome and the antenna are expanded into the conventional vector spherical wave functions of free space, yielding unknown exterior-field coefficients. Application of standard boundary conditions across the radome’s surface yields the reflected and exterior-field coefficients in terms of the radiation-field coefficients, from which the radiation-field resistance and gain of the radome-antenna structure are calculated. For numerical illustration, as a nontrivial example, we considered a toroidal antenna carrying a uniform current distribution. The role of the anisotropy of the radome on the radiation resistance of the toroidal antenna is dictated by (i) the electrical size of the radome, (ii) the radome’s relative impedance, and (iii) the distinguished axis of the radome’s medium. Moreover, those factors can be used in shaping the gain pattern, as well as in raising or lowering the maximum gain.

This study introduces a coplanar waveguide MIMO antenna design that offers both frequency and pattern reconfigurability. The antenna is intended for applications in WiMAX, WLAN, and X-Band. It is constructed using an FR4 substrate with dimensions of 1.6mm thickness and 0.025 loss tangent. Based on the proposed design, MIMO antennas can operate at 3.5 & 3.9GHz (WiMAX), 5.5 & 5.8GHz (WLAN) and 10.5 & 12.5GHz (X-Band). To accomplish this, two open-circuited 3mm x 3mm quatre wavelength transformers are linked to each radiator through PIN diodes. The performance enhancement of the reconfigurable MIMO antenna was fine-tuned utilizing microwave solvers in both CST and ADS. The system’s performance was validated through practical measurements. Furthermore, the analysis of diversity conducted on the suggested antenna reveals that the antenna has a low correlation coefficient (

A fast and sample cleanup approach for fluoxetine in human plasma was developed using protein precipitation coupled with LC–MS-MS. Samples were treated with methanol prior to LC–MS-MS analysis. Chromatographic separation was performed on a reverse phase column with an isocratic mobile phase of methanol and 10 mM ammonium formate pH acidified with formic acid (80:20, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The run time was 4 min. Mass parameters were optimized to monitor transitions at m/z [M + H]+ 310 > > 148 for fluoxetine and m/z [M + H]+ 315.1 > > 153 for fluoxetine-d5 as an internal standard. The lower limit of quantification and the dynamic range were 0.25 and 0.25–50 ng/mL, respectively. Linearity was good for intra-day and inter-day validations (R2 = 0.999). The matrix effect was acceptable with CV% < 15 and accuracy% < 15. The hemolytic effect was negligible. Fluoxetine was stable in human plasma for 48 h at room temperature (25 °C), for 12 months frozen at −25 °C, for 48 h in an auto-sampler at 6 °C, and for three freeze/thaw cycles. The validated method was applied in a pharmacokinetic study to determine the concentration of fluoxetine in plasma samples. The study provides a fast and simple bioanalytical method for routine analysis and may be particularly useful for bioequivalence studies. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of fixed-dose fluoxetine in nine healthy volunteers.