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This research is focused on the diversity and systematics of Neotropical non-biting midges of the genus Tanytarsus van der Wulp, 1874, based on specimens collected from pristine areas of the western Amazon region in Peru and Brazil. Six new species are described: Tanytarsus aries sp. nov. (Peru), T. chicomendesi sp. nov. (Brazil, Acre), T. kaxinawa sp. nov. (Brazil, Acre; Peru), T. pinedoi sp. nov. (Peru), T. serra sp. nov. (Peru), and T. frameatus sp. nov. (Peru), the latter placed in the Tanytarsus hastatus species group, here defined. Data on several recently described Neotropical Tanytarsus, obtained by analyzing specimens recorded from different regions of Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Federal District, Pará, São Paulo, Tocantins) are appended, and remarks on the taxonomy and variations of their diagnostic structures are provided. Tanytarsus pollicis Reis, Lin et Ferreira-Keppler, 2022 is treated as a new synonym of Tanytarsus insolens Dantas et Giłka, 2017. Further two species, Tanytarsus marianae Reis, Lin et Ferreira-Keppler, 2022 and Tanytarsus rafaeli Reis, Lin et Ferreira-Keppler, 2022 are placed in the Tanytarsus kiche group. The Tanytarsus curvicristatus group is also supplemented with Tanytarsus giovannii Sanseverino et Trivinho-Strixino, 2010.

Apobaetis pasternakae sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CA9DDFA5-45BE-44FC-9EC5-A92B09F133B8 Figs 1, 3–5 Apobaetis fiuzai – Cruz et al. 2011: 89. –– Falcão et al. 2011: 519. –– Boldrini et al. 2012: 92. Diagnosis MALE IMAGO (adapted from Cruz et al. 2011). Wing (Cruz et al. 2011: fig. 8). hyaline, veins light brown; stigmatic area with eight veins not touching Sc vein; marginal intercalary veins paired, except single between veins IMP2 and CuA, absent between CuA and A; length of each intercalary vein 0.6× distance between adjacent longitudinal vein; length of forewing about 2.5 × width. External genitalia (Cruz et al. 2011: fig. 10a–b). Area between unistyligers with a deep V emargination. Internal genitalia (Fig. 5H). A pair of sclerotized gonovectes V-shaped, broad apex (gv); retractor muscle of the gonovectes fixed in the angle region of the gonovectes (m.gv); sclerotized penial bridge (pb); a pair of styligeral muscle (ms). NYMPH. Characterized by a combination of the following characters: 1) labrum rectangular, distal medial margin with one protuberance; dorsal surface with 3 to 5 elongated and blunt medial setae near distal margin (Fig. 4A–B); 2) hypopharynx with lingua subcircular, with apical tuft of setae, length subequal to superlingua (Fig. 4E); 3) maxillary palp long, greater than or equal to 2.0× the length of galea-lacinia; segment II tapering abruptly from the apical half to the apex, without apical constriction (Fig. 4F); 4) labial palp segment II with triangular pointed distomedial projection, apically directed; segment III rectangular, distal margin slightly concave (Fig. 4G); 5) foreleg with dorsal margin of femur with one row of 11 to 13 concave and blunt long setae; claw 0.6–0.8× length of tarsus, without row of denticles (Fig. 5A); 6) posterior margin of tergum IV with triangular and pointed spines in irregular sizes (Fig. 5C); 7) paraproct with several marginal spines, posterolateral extension without spines (Fig. 5E). Etymology The species name is a tribute to Dr Natália Pasternak, founder of the Instituto Questão de Ciências in São Paulo. During the Coronavirus Pandemic, she acted fighting fake news. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • nymph on slide; Amazonas State, Manaus, Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, stream Barro Branco; 02º53′ S, 59º58′ W; 10 Mar. 2009; R. Boldrini and P. V. Cruz leg.; INPA. Paratypes BRAZIL – Amazonas • 2 nymphs on slide; same collection data as for holotype; INPA • 5 nymphs in alcohol 80%; same collection data as for holotype; INPA. Additional material BRAZIL – Amazonas • 12 ♂♂ imagoes in 80% alcohol; Manaus, Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, stream Barro Branco; 02º53′ S, 59º58′ W; 8Apr. 2009; R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 5 males imagoes genitalia on slide; same collection data as for preceding; INPA • 6 nymphs on slide; Presidente Figueiredo, Corredeira da Pantera; 02º02′ S, 59º50′ W; 8 Nov. 2009; R. Boldrini and P. V. Cruz leg.; INPA • 1 nymph on slide; same collection data as for preceding; 12 Nov. 2009; INPA • 3 nymphs on slide; Presidente Figueiredo, Cachoeira do Santuário; 02º03′ S, 59º55′ W; 13 Nov. 2009; R. Boldrini and P. V. Cruz leg.; INPA • 1 nymph on slide; Apuí; 07º11′ S, 59º53′ W; 2 Jul. 2018; P. V. Cruz, G. Desidério and N. Hamada leg.; INPA. – Roraima • 2 nymphs on slide; Caroebe, Rio Caroebe, ramal 37, Cachoeirinha farms; 00º57′09.2″ N, 59º37′00.5″ W; 23 Mar. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 12 nymphs in alcohol 80%; same collection data as for preceding; INPA • 1 nymph in alcohol 80%; Caroebe, Lago Jacundá, Vicinal 02; 00º50′59.8″ N, 59º40′48.2″ W; 29 Nov. 2006; J.N. Falcão leg.; INPA • 2 nymphs on slide; São João da Baliza, sítio do igarapé; 01º00′59.7″ N, 59º55′53.1″ W; 24 Mar. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 3 nymphs in alcohol 80%; same collection data as for preceding; INPA • 3 nymphs on slide; Caroebe, Igarapé do Jacaré, vicinal 05; 01º03′58.2″ N, 59º3′06.8″ W; 19 Mar. 2013; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 4 nymphs on slide; Caroebe, Rio Caroebe, vicinal 05; 01º03′58.2″ N, 59º3′06.8″ W; 12 Mar. 2018; P. V. Cruz and I.O. Fernandes leg.; INPA • 1 nymph on slide; Pacaraima, Rio Ereu; 01º56′01.3″ N, 61º01′38.4″ W; 26 Mar. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 1 nymph on slide; Boa Vista, Rio Murupu; 03º01′16.3″ N, 60º46′32.9″ W; 19 Dec. 2004; N. Hamada and F.F. Salles leg.; INPA • 1 nymph on slide; Bonfim, Rio Arraia; 03º21′01.6″ N, 59º54′14.5″ W; 5 Nov. 2006; J.N. Falcão leg.; INPA • 1 nymph in alcohol 80%; Caroebe, Lago Jacundá, first bridge, Vicinal 2; 00º50′59.8″ N, 59º40′48.2″ W; 29 Nov. 2008; J.N. Falcão leg.; INPA • 2 nymphs on slide; Bonfim, Rio Arraia; 03º21′04.0″ N, 59º54′13.5″ W; 27 Mar. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 2 nymphs in alcohol 80%; same collection data as for preceding; INPA • 2 nymphs on slide; Cantá, Rio do Cachorro bridge; 02º25′20.2″ N, 60º40′00.9″ W; 28 Mar. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 2 nymphs on slide; BR 170; 02º08′59.9″ N, 60º40′39.9″ W; 28 Mar. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA. – Rondônia • 3 nymphs on slide; Candeias do Jamarí, Igarapé da Onça; 08º52′40.0″ S, 63º38′02.2″ W; 9 Jul. 2016; N. Hamada and P. V. Cruz leg.; INPA. – Maranhão • 2 nymphs on slide; Estreito, BR 010, near the bridge, Rio Farinha; 06º31′47.3″ S, 47º28′11.4″ W; 22 Jul. 2010; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA. Description Nymph LENGTH. Body: 2.9–3.1 mm. HEAD. Antenna. Flagellum with minute spines at apex of each flagellomere. Labrum (Fig. 4A–B). Length about 0.5 × maximum width; distal medial margin with one protuberance; dorsal surface with 3 to 5 elongated and blunt medial setae near distal margin; medially with one row of long and thin setae near distal margin; long, thin and simple setae covering dorsal surface; ventral surface with spine-like setae on distolateral and distal margins. Left mandible (Fig. 4C). Incisors not fused; outer and inner set of incisors with 4 and 3 denticles, respectively; prostheca robust, bifurcated at apex, outer lobe robust, inner lobe slender with medial tuft of setae; margin between prostheca and mola concave; subtriangular process wide with short protuberance on distal margin; tuft of setae at base of subtriangular process; denticles of mola not constricted; lateral margin convex. Right mandible (Fig. 4D). Incisors not fused; outer and inner set of incisors each with 3 denticles; prostheca slender, bifurcated at apex; margin between prostheca and mola concave; tuft of setae at base of mola absent; denticles of mola not constricted; lateral margin convex. Hypopharynx (Fig. 4E). Lingua subcircular, with apical tuft of setae, length subequal to superlingua; superlingua not expanded, with short, fine and simple setae scattered over distolateral and distal margin. Maxilla (Fig. 4F). Maxillary palp long, greater than or equal to 2.0 × length of galea-lacinia; segment I 0.7× length of galea-lacinia; segment II tapering abruptly from apical half to apex, with fine and simple setae scattered over surface, without apical constriction. Labium (Fig. 4G). Glossa subquadrangular, medially broad, subequal to paraglossa; dorsal surface with one longitudinal row of 4 short spine-like setae near inner margin; apex with 3 short spine-like setae; longitudinal row of 9 robust spine-like setae near outer margin; ventral surface covered with long, thin and simple setae. Paraglossa curved inward; dorsal surface with long and robust setae on apex; outer margin with one longitudinal row of 16 long spine-like setae to base and one longitudinal row of 6 long and robust spine-like setae to base near inner margin; ventral surface with one longitudinal row of 7 long and robust spine-like setae at middle, at apical half. Labial palp with segment I 0.8 × length of segments II and III combined, covered with micropores (not illustrated); segment II with outer margin covered with thin, long and simple setae, inner margin bare; segment II with triangular pointed distomedial projection apically directed; ventral surface of distomedial projection with tuft thin, long and simple setae; segment III rectangular, distal margin slightly concave, length 0.6× width, covered with fine, long and simple setae on outer margin, dorsally with a row of 11 to 14 robust setae in different sizes near distal margin, ventrally with 10 to 12 robust spine-like setae in different sizes near distal margin. THORAX. Holotype pigment (Fig. 3A–C). Light yellow; femur with rounded brown mark on apical third. Foreleg (Fig. 5A–B). Femur: dorsal margin with one row of 11 to 13 concave and blunt long setae; apex with 2 concave and blunt long setae; ventral margin with one row of 6 to 8 elongated spine-like setae; posterior surface with one row of 8 to 10 elongated spine-like setae near ventral margin. Tibia: dorsal margin bare, ventral margin with one row of 8 to 10 spine-like setae. Patella-tibial suture present, from dorsal to ventral margin. Tarsus: dorsal margin bare, ventral margin with one row of 12 to 15 spine-like setae. Claw: 0.6–0.8× length of tarsus, row of denticules absent. Middle and hindleg similar to foreleg. ABDOMEN. Holotype pigment (Fig. 3A–C). Light yellow; terga I and II with medial brown mark; tergum V with lateral brown mark; tergum IX with brown mark on anterior margin; sterna VI–VIII with anterolateral light brown mark almost imperceptible; sternum IX with brown mark on lateral and anterior margin. Tergum IV (Fig. 5C). Terga surface covered by triangular scale-like projections and by micropores; posterior margin of tergum IV with triangular and pointed spines, in irregular sizes. Gill (Fig. 5D) apex rounded, trachea conspicuous; median length, extending to half of second subsequent tergum. Paraproct (Fig. 5E) with several marginal spines; posterolateral extension without spines. Cerci (Fig. 5F) short lateral spines on all segments. Paracercus (Fig. 5G) short lateral spines on all segments. Male imago INTERNAL GENITALIA (Fig. 5H). A pair of unistyligers cylindrical, completely separated one from another (us); sclerotized penial bridge articulated with the gonovectes and the X tergum abdominal (pb); pair of sclerotized gonovectes V-shaped, broad apex (gv) with an attached membrane on lateral parts (mb); a pair of gonovectal muscle goes from gonovectes apex to lateral parts of IX sternum (m.gv); a pair of median styligeral muscle goes from lateral parts of membrane to posterior margin of IX sternum (ms). Intraspecific variation of Apobaetis pasternakae sp. nov. Pigment variation THORAX. Light yellow, with short brown spots (Fig. 3D, F, 3J, M); brown mark covering almost completely the thorax (Fig. 3H); femur without marks (Fig. 3G); forewing pads with brown mark on basal third (Fig. 3H). ABDOMEN. Terga I–III with brown spots (Fig. 3D, F); terga I–X with short light brown marks (Fig. 3J); tergum I with medial brown mark, terga II and III with brown marks, terga IV–X with light brown spots (Fig. 3M); sterna VII and VIII with anterolateral brown mark (Fig. 3G); sterna I–VIII with anterolateral brown mark, sterna I–VIII with lateral brown mark (Fig. 3L, N); cerci e paracercus with light brown trio marks, alternating over of length (Fig. 3D, J, M). Morphological variation LENGTH. Body 2.2–3.1 mm.

Apobaetis jaquelinae sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 806D9CCD-9AB3-402E-9D58-FA64C2C1DEF4 Figs 1, 6–8 Apobaetis fiuzai – Boldrini & Cruz 2014: 4. Diagnosis NYMPH. Characterized by a combination of the following characters: 1) labrum rectangular, distal medial margin with one protuberance; dorsal surface with 3 elongated and blunt medial setae near distal margin (Fig. 7A–B); 2) hypopharynx with lingua subcircular, with apical tuft of setae, length subequal to superlingua (Fig. 7E); 3) maxillary palp long 1.7× length of galea-lacinia; segment II without apical constriction (Fig. 7F); 4) labial palp with segment II with triangular distomedial projection with rounded apex, laterally directed; segment III rectangular, distal margin concave (Fig. 7G); 5) foreleg with anterior surface of femur with one row of 8 to 9 short concave setae slightly pectinated on apex; apex with 2 short concave setae slightly pectinated on apex; claw 0.6–0.7 × length of tarsus, with two row of denticles restricted to middle portion (Fig. 8A–C); 6) posterior margin of tergum IV with triangular and pointed spines in regular sizes (Fig. 8D); 7) paraproct with several marginal spines, posterolateral extension with blunt spines (Fig. 8F). Etymology The species name is a tribute to Dr Jaqueline Góes, from the Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, who was part of the team that developed and improved the viral genome sequencing protocols for the rapid sequencing of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV2). Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • nymph on slide; Rondônia, Teixeirópolis, Vale das Cachoeiras; 10º55′20.4″ S, 62º22′34.7″ W; 10 Jul. 2018; P. V. Cruz, N. Hamada and G. Desidério leg.; INPA. Paratypes BRAZIL • 2 nymphs on slide; same collection data as for holotype; INPA. Additional material BRAZIL – Rondonia • 1 nymph on slide; Colorado do Oeste, Rio Cabixi; 13º15′31.8″ S, 60º20′04.8″ W; 3 Sep. 2012; N. Hamada and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 1 nymph on slide; Nova Londrina, Rio Urupá; 11º02′05.8″ S, 62º08′34.1″ W; 9 Jul. 2018; P. V. Cruz, N. Hamada and G. Desidério leg.; INPA. Description Nymph LENGTH. Body: 2.5–2.8 mm. HEAD. Antenna: flagellum with minute spines on apex of each flagellomere. Labrum (Fig. 7A–B): length about 0.6× of maximum width; distal medial margin with one protuberance, distolateral margin rounded; dorsal surface with 3 elongated and blunt medial setae near distal margin; medially with one row of long and thin setae near distal margin; long, thin and simple setae covering dorsal surface; ventral surface with one row of spine-like setae on distolateral and distal margins. Left mandible (Fig. 7C): incisors not fused; outer and inner set of incisors with 4 and 3 denticles, respectively; prostheca robust, bifurcated at apex, outer lobe robust, inner lobe slender with medial tuft of setae; margin between prostheca and mola concave; subtriangular process wide with short protuberance on distal margin; tuft of setae at base of subtriangular process; denticles of mola not constricted; lateral margin convex. Right mandible ( Fig. 7D): incisors not fused; outer and inner set of incisors each with 3 denticles; prostheca slender, bifurcated at apex, tuft medial of minute setae; margin between prostheca and mola concave; tuft of setae at base of mola absent; denticles of mola not constricted; lateral margin convex. Hypopharynx (Fig. 7E): lingua subcircular, apex covered with short setae, subequal to superlingua; superlingua not expanded, with short, thin, simple setae over distolateral and distal margin. Maxilla (Fig. 7F): maxillary palp long, 1.7× length of galea-lacinia; segment I 0.6× length of galea-lacinia; segment II tapering slightly from base to apex, with thin and simple setae scattered on surface, without apical constriction; medial margin of galea-lacinia with 2 to 3 spine-like setae. Labium (Fig. 7G): glossa subcircular, robust, narrowing apically, subequal to paraglossa; dorsal surface with one longitudinal row of 4 short spine-like setae near inner margin; 2 short spine-like setae near internal margin, thin and simple setae and one robust spine-like setae on apex; longitudinal row of 9 robust spine-like setae on apical ⅔ near outer margin; ventral surface covered with long, thin and simple setae. Paraglossa curved inward; dorsal surface with long and robust spine-like setae on apex; longitudinal row of 15 long spine-like setae on apical ⅔ near outer margin and one longitudinal row of 5 long and robust spine-like setae on apical ⅔ near inner margin; ventral surface with one longitudinal row of 5 robust and long spine-like setae on apical ⅔. Labial palp with segment I 0.7 × length of segments II and III combined, covered with micropores (not illustrated); segment II with outer margin covered with thin, long and simple setae, inner margin bare; segment II with triangular distomedial projection, with rounded apex, laterally directed; ventral surface of distomedial projection with thin, long and simple tuft of setae; segment III rectangular, with concave distal margin, length 0.6× width, covered with thin, long and simple setae on outer margin, dorsally with one row of 11 to 13 spine-like setae in different sizes near distal margin, ventrally with 8 to 10 spine-like setae in different sizes near distal margin. THORAX. Holotype pigment (Fig. 6A–B): light yellow, with brown marks; forewing pads with basal brown mark. Paratype pigment, nymph female (Fig. 6C): light yellow, with lateral brown mark. Foreleg (Fig. 8A–C). Femur: anterior surface with one row with 8 to 9 short concave setae slightly pectinated on apex near dorsal margin; apex of femur with 2 short concave setae slightly pectinated on apex; ventral margin with one row of 10 to 12 spine-like setae of different sizes. Tibia: dorsal margin bare; ventral margin with one row of 10 to 11 spine-like setae. Patella-tibial suture present, from dorsal margin to ventral margin. Tarsus: dorsal margin bare; ventral margin with one row of 11 to 12 spine-like setae. Claw: 0.6–0.7× length of tarsus, with two rows of denticles restricted to middle portion. Middle and hindleg similar to foreleg. ABDOMEN. Holotype pigment, nymph male (Fig. 6A–B): tergum V with lateral brown mark; posterior margin of tergum V with medial brown mark and sublateral brown spots; tergum VI with central brown mark; anterior margin of tergum VII with medial brown mark and short spots; terga VIII and IX with lateral brown mark and short spots; sterna II–VII with anterolateral brown mark and with lateral brown mark; sternum VIII brown; sternum IX with anterior margin brown mark. Paratype pigment. Nymph female (Fig. 6C). Tergum II with medial brown mark; terga III and V with lateral brown mark; terga II– IV covered by reddish brown pigmentation. Tergum IV (Fig. 8D): surface covered by triangular scale-like projections and micropores; posterior margin with triangular and pointed spines, in regular sizes. Gill (Fig. 8E): triangular apex, trachea conspicuous; long length, extending to half of third subsequent tergum. Paraproct (Fig. 8F) with several marginal spines. Posterolateral extension with blunt spines. Cerci (Fig. 8G) with spines in all segments. Paracercus (Fig. 8H) with prominent spines in all segments.

Apobaetis kallawaya Nieto, 2006 Fig. 1 Apobaetis kallawaya Nieto, 2006: 195 (type material). non Apobaetis kallawaya – Boldrini & Cruz 2014: 4. Diagnosis (adapted from Nieto 2006) NYMPH. Characterized by a combination of the following characters: 1) labrum rectangular, distal medial margin without emargination; dorsal surface with 4 to 5 bifid medial spine-like setae near distal margin (Nieto 2006: fig. 19); 2) hypopharynx with lingua subcircular, apical tuft of setae, length subequal to superlingua (Nieto 2006: fig. 22); 3) maxillary palp short, length subequal to galea-lacinia; segment II without apical constriction (Nieto 2006: fig. 23); 4) labial palp with segment II with slender triangular distomedial projection, apically directed; segment III triangular (Nieto 2006: fig. 25); 5) foreleg with dorsal margin, anterior and posterior surface of femur without setae; claw I 0.7× length of tarsus I, with tow row of denticles (Nieto 2006: figs 26–27); 6) posterior margin of the tergum IV with apex rounded spines (Nieto 2006: fig. 28); 7) paraproct with marginal spines, posterolateral extension with apex rounded spines (Nieto 2006: fig. 30). Material examined None, analysis based on literature and consultation of Dr Carolina Nieto. Comments Fundamental differences were found between the original description of A. kallawaya and the Brazilian specimen (Boldrini & Cruz 2014). In the original description the labrum has dorsal surface with 4 to 5 bifid medial spine-like setae near distal margin; maxillary palp short, length subequal to galea-lacinia, and paraproct with posterolateral extension with apex rounded spines. The specimen of A. kallawaya from Rondônia (described here as Apobaetis luanae sp. nov.) has labrum with 4 simple medial spine-like setae near distal margin; maxillary palp long 2.0× length of galea-lacinia and paraproct with posterolateral extension without spines. Distribution Bolívia – Acheral, San Matías., Published as part of De Lima, Cláudia R. T., Cruz, Paulo Vilela & Hamada, Neusa, 2023, Additions and corrections to taxonomy of Apobaetis fiuzai Salles & Lugo-Ortiz, 2002 and Apobaetis kallawaya Nieto, 2006 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae), pp. 136-161 in European Journal of Taxonomy 879 (1) on pages 142-143, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.879.2167, http://zenodo.org/record/8155397, {"references":["Nieto C. 2006. New species of the genus Apobaetis Day (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Bolivia and Argentina. Annales de Limnologie 42 (3): 189 - 196. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 2006020","Boldrini R. & Cruz P. V. 2014. Baetidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from the state of Rondonia, Northern Brazil. Boletim do Museu Integrado de Roraima 8 (1): 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.24979 / bolmirr. v 8 i 01"]}

Apobaetis luanae sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4DAD1B52-E7CD-42A1-81D5-488EF898A98D Figs 1, 9–11 Apobaetis kallawaya – Boldrini & Cruz 2014: 4. Diagnosis NYMPH. Characterized by a combination of the following characters: 1) labrum rectangular with rounded distolateral margins, distal medial margin with three protuberances; dorsal surface with 4 short and simple medial spine-like setae near distal margin; ventral surface with short medial spine-like setae near distal margin (Fig. 10A, C); 2) hypopharynx with lingua subquadrangular, elongated, with apical tuft of setae, subequal in length to superlingua (Fig. 10G); 3) maxillary palp long 2.0 × length of galea-lacinia; segment II without apical constriction (Fig. 10H); 4) labial palp with segment II with robust triangular distomedial projection, apically rounded, laterally directed; segment III triangular (Fig. 10I); 5) foreleg with anterior surface of femur with one row of 4 to 5 minute blunt setae, on basal half, near dorsal margin; claw I 0.6× length of tarsus I, with two row of denticles on basal third; 6) posterior margin of tergum IV with triangular spines, wider than long (Fig. 11D); 7) paraproct with several marginal spines, posterolateral extension with minute spines (Fig. 11F). Etymology The species name is a tribute to Dr Luana Araújo. She spoke out vehemently against the ineffective drugs used to treat COVID- 19 in the testimony to the CPI organized by the Brazilian Federal Senate in 2021. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • nymph on slide; Roraima, Amajari, Rio Ereu; 04º02′02.9″ N, 61º23′09.5″ W; 26 Mar. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA. Paratypes BRAZIL – Roraima • 2 nymphs on slide; same collection data as for holotype; INPA • 1 nymph in alcohol 80%; same collection data as for holotype; INPA. Additional material BRAZIL – Rondônia • 1 nymph on slide; Teixeirópolis, Vale das Cachoeiras; 10º55′20.4″ S, 62º22′34.7″ W; 3 Sep. 2012; R. Boldrini, A.S. Fernandes and N. Hamada leg.; INPA • 1 nymph on slide; same collection data as for preceding, except date 10 Jul. 2018; INPA. Description Nymph LENGTH. Body: 3.0– 3.3 mm. HEAD. Antenna: flagellum with minute spines on apex of each flagellomere. Labrum (Fig. 10A–C): length 0.6× maximum width; rounded distolateral margins; distal medial margin with three protuberances; dorsal surface with 4 short and simple medial spine-like setae near distal margin, with one row of long, thin and simple setae near distal margin; dorsal surface covered with long, thin and simple setae; ventral surface with one row of robust spine-like setae near distolateral and distal margins; short medial spine-like setae near distal margin. Left mandible (Fig. 10D–E): incisors not fused; outer and inner set of incisors with 4 and 3 denticles, respectively; prostheca slender, bifurcated at apical middle; margin between prostheca and mola concave; subtriangular process wide with small protuberance on distal margin and 3 short spine-like setae at base; tuft of setae at base of subtriangular process; denticles of mola not constricted, with 4 prominent denticles in irregular sizes; lateral margin convex. Right mandible (Fig. 10F): incisors not fused; outer and inner set of incisors with 3 and 2 denticles, respectively; prostheca slender, bifurcated at apex; margin between prostheca and mola concave; tuft of setae at base of mola absent; denticles of mola not constricted; lateral margin convex. Hypopharynx (Fig. 10G): lingua subquadrangular, longitudinally elongated, apex covered with short setae, subequal to superlingua; superlingua oval, longitudinally elongated, with thin setae of different sizes on distolateral and distal margins. Maxilla (Fig. 10H): maxillary palp long 2.0 × length of galea-lacinia; segment I subequal to galea-lacinia; segment II with narrow base and apex, with thin and simple setae scattered on surface, without apical constriction; medial margin of galea-lacinia with 2 spine-like setae. Labium (Fig. 10I): glossa subtriangular, longer than paraglossa; dorsal surface with one longitudinal row of 8 short spine-like setae on apical ⅔ near inner margin; 1 robust spine-like seta on apex; longitudinal row of 5 robust spine-like setae on apical middle near outer margin; ventral surface covered with long, thin and simple setae. Paraglossa curved inward; dorsal surface with 1 long and robust spine-like seta on apex; longitudinal row of 9 long spine-like setae on apical ⅔ near outer margin and longitudinal row of 3 long and robust spine-like setae on apical middle near inner margin. Labial palp with segment I 0.6× length of segments II and III combined, covered with micropores (not illustrated); segment II with outer margin covered by thin, long and simple setae, inner margin bare; segment II with robust triangular distomedial projection, apically rounded, laterally directed; ventral surface of distomedial projection with tuft thin, long and simple setae; segment III triangular, length subequal to width, covered by thin, long and simple setae on outer margin, dorsally with one row of 8 robust spine-like setae near inner margin, ventrally with one row of 5 robust spine-like setae in near distal margin. THORAX. Holotype pigment (Fig. 9A–B): light yellow; femur without mark. Legs (Fig. 10A–C). Femur: anterior surface with one row of 4 to 5 minute blunt setae, on basal half, near dorsal margin; ventral margin with one row of 3 to 4 elongated spine-like setae on basal third. Tibia: dorsal margin bare; ventral margin with one row of 6 to 7 spine-like setae. Patella-tibial suture present, from dorsal margin to ventral margin. Tarsus: dorsal margin bare; ventral margin with one row of 10 to 11 spine-like setae; tarsus I 1.2× length of tibia I; tarsi II and III length subequal to tibiae II and III. Claws: two rows of denticles on basal third; claw I 0.6× length of tarsus I; claws II and III 0.7× length of tarsi II and III. ABDOMEN. Holotype pigment (Fig. 9A–B): terga II–X covered by light brown marks; cerci and paracercus with medial brown mark. Tergum IV (Fig. 11D): surface covered by triangular scale-like projections and micropores; posterior margin with triangular spines, wider than long. Gills (Fig. 11E): rounded apex, simple trachea without branches; long length, extending to half third subsequent tergum. Paraproct (Fig. 11F) with several marginal spines; posterolateral extension with minute spines. Cerci (Fig. 11G) with short spines on all segments; medial brown mark. Paracercus (Fig. 11H) without spines; medial brown mark., Published as part of De Lima, Cláudia R. T., Cruz, Paulo Vilela & Hamada, Neusa, 2023, Additions and corrections to taxonomy of Apobaetis fiuzai Salles & Lugo-Ortiz, 2002 and Apobaetis kallawaya Nieto, 2006 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae), pp. 136-161 in European Journal of Taxonomy 879 (1) on pages 153-155, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.879.2167, http://zenodo.org/record/8155397, {"references":["Boldrini R. & Cruz P. V. 2014. Baetidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from the state of Rondonia, Northern Brazil. Boletim do Museu Integrado de Roraima 8 (1): 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.24979 / bolmirr. v 8 i 01"]}

Apobaetis fiuzai Salles & Lugo-Ortiz, 2002 Figs 1–2 Apobaetis fiuzai Salles & Lugo-Ortiz, 2002: 1 (type material). Apobaetis fiuzai – Salles et al. 2003: 5 (treated here as putative); 2004: 727 (treated here as putative); 2010: 302 (treated here as putative). –– Lima et al. 2012: 306 (treated here as putative). –– Cruz 2020: 322, figs 4a–f, 5a–c (re-description). non Apobaetis fiuzai – Cruz et al. 2011: 89. –– Falcão et al. 2011: 519. –– Boldrini et al. 2012: 92. –– Boldrini & Cruz 2014: 4. Diagnosis (adapted from Cruz 2020) NYMPH. Characterized by a combination of the following characters: 1) labrum rectangular, distal medial margin without shallow emargination, dorsal surface with 3 to 4 elongated and blunt medial setae near distal margin (Cruz 2020: fig. 4a); 2) hypopharynx with lingua subquadrangular, one medial protuberance, apical tuft of setae, length subequal to superlingua (Cruz 2020: fig. 4d); 3) maxillary palp long 1.5× length of galea-lacinia, segment II without apical constriction (Cruz 2020: fig. 4e); 4) labial palp with segment II with pointed triangular distomedial projection, laterally directed; segment III rectangular, distal margin almost straight (Cruz 2020: fig. 4f); 5) foreleg with dorsal margin of femur with one row of 11 short concave and blunt setae; claw 0.6–0.8 × length of tarsus, without row of denticles (Cruz 2020: fig. 5a); 6) posterior margin of the tergum IV with triangular and pointed spines in regular sizes (Cruz 2020: fig. 5b); 7) paraproct with marginal spines, posterolateral extension with triangular and pointed spines (Cruz 2020: fig. 5c). Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • nymph on slide (photographs); Minas Gerais, Córrego Danta, Fazenda Prata, Rio Prata; 19º45.29′ S, 46º5.53′ W; 9 Aug. 2001; C. R. Lugo-Ortiz and F.F. Salles leg.; UFES. Paratypes BRAZIL • 2 nymphs on slide (photographs); same collection data as for holotype; INPA. Additional material BRAZIL – Piauí • 3 nymphs on slide; Rio Grande do Piauí, Povoado Araticum; 04º08′43.1″ S, 41º21′59.7″ W; 31 May 2011; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz and R. B. Querino leg.; INPA • 3 nymphs on slide; Monsenhor Gil, Povoado Olho D’água, Riacho calça na mão; 05º34′38.6″ S, 42º29′59.5″ W; 24 Jun. 2011; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz and R. B. Querino leg.; INPA • 2 nymphs on slide; Valença do Piauí, Dam Mesa de Pedra; 06º11′31.6″ S, 41º59′35.0″ W; 8 Jun. 2011; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz and R. B. Querino leg.; INPA. – Bahia • 3 nymphs on slide; Correntina, Comunidade do Val, Rio do Meio; 13º13′35.2″ S, 44º35′37.3″ W; 7 Jun. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz and J.O. Silva leg.; INPA • 1 nymph on slide; Correntina, Comunidade Santo Antônio, Riacho Santo Antônio; 13º10′17.0″ S, 44º40′56.6″ W; 7 Jun. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz and J.O. Silva leg.; INPA • 1 nymph on slide; Correntina, Tributário do Arrojado, Córrego Bonito; 13º30′59.4″ S, 44º44′17.2″ W; 8 Jun. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz and J.O. Silva leg.; INPA. – Goiás • 3 nymphs on slide; Colinas do Sul, Rio Tocantinzinho; 14º17′05.7″ S, 47º56′29.4″ W; 13 Jun. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz and J.O. Silva leg.; INPA • 2 nymphs on slide; Paraúna, Tributário do Rio Verdão; 07º10′24.1″ S, 50º50′43.9″ W; 4 Jun. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz and J.O. Silva leg.; INPA • 2 nymphs on slide; Colinas do Sul, Morro Vermelho, road of the São Jorge; 14º13′34.2″ S, 47º55′15.4″ W; 13 Jun. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz and J.O. Silva leg.; INPA. – Mato Grosso do Sul • 3 nymphs on slide; Bonito, Rio da Prata, Municipal Bathhouse of Jardim; 21º25′04.3″ S, 56º23′24.0″ W; 15 Apr. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz and N. Zampiva leg.; INPA • 1 nymph on slide; Bonito, Rio Mimoso, Estância Mimosa; 20º59′57.4″ S, 56º30′38.7″ W; 16 Mar. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz and N. Zampiva leg.; INPA. – Rondônia • 2 nymphs on slide; Alto Alegre dos Parecis, Road 490; 11º58′59.4″ S, 61º51′08.1″ W; 26 Jul. 2016; P. V. Cruz and N. Hamada leg.; INPA • 1 nymph on slide; Rolim de Moura, Road 267, Rio Palha; 11º29′52.7″ S, 61º50′08.4″ W; 17 Jun. 2016; P. V. Cruz and N. Hamada leg.; INPA • 1 nymph on slide; Alto Alegre dos Parecis, Road 370; 12º20′37.4″ S, 61º45′26.3″ W; 9 Jul. 2016; P. V. Cruz and N. Hamada leg.; INPA. – Minas Gerais • 2 nymphs on slide; Juiz de Fora, BR 267, bridge over the Rio Furnas; 21º55′58.7″ S, 44º50′26.9″ W; 26 Dec. 2011; P. V. Cruz leg.; INPA. – Espírito Santo • 2 nymphs on slide; Linhares, Sooretama Reserve, Rio Quirinão; 19º00′39.9″ S, 40º06′30″ W; 4 Nov. 2011; P. V. Cruz leg.; INPA. Intraspecific variation of Apobaetis fiuzai Nymph THORAX. Light yellow, with short brown marks (Fig. 2A, I); lateral brown mark on pronotum; sublateral brown mark on mesonotum; basal half brown on forewing pads (Fig. 2G); brown mark partially covering the thorax (Fig. 2L); femur without mark (Fig. 2F, H). ABDOMEN. Tergum V with lateral brown mark (Fig. 2A, C, G, I, L); terga I–X with light brown spots (Fig. 2A, C, E, L N); terga II and VI with medial brown mark, III – V and VII, VIII with brown spots (Fig. 2I); terga I– IX brown (Fig. 2L); terga I, II, VI, VII with medial brown mark, tergum VIII almost brown completely, tergum IX with lateral brown mark (Fig. 2G); sternum IX with brown mark on anterior margin (Fig. 2B, D); sternum VIII light brown, sterna VIII and IX with lateral brown mark (Fig. 2H); sternum X light brown (Fig. 2M). Morphological variation LENGTH. Claws 0.6–0.8× length of tarsus; body 2.1–2.9 mm. Comments Based on the study of the type material, records from Amazonas (Cruz et al. 2011), Roraima (Falcão et al. 2011), Rondônia (Boldrini & Cruz 2014) and Maranhão (Boldrini et al. 2012), are not A. fiuzai. In the type material of A. fiuzai the hypopharynx has lingua subquadrangular, with medial protuberance; maxillary palp 1.5 × length of galea-lacinia and posterolateral extension of paraproct with pointed spines. The specimens recorded as A. fiuzai from Amazonas, Roraima and Maranhão (described here as Apobaetis pasternakae sp. nov.) have lingua subcircular, without medial protuberance; maxillary palp 2.0 × or longer than galea-lacinia and posterolateral extension of paraproct without spines. The specimen assigned to A. fiuzai from Rondônia (described here as Apobaetis jaquelinae sp. nov.) has lingua subcircular, posterolateral extension of paraproct with blunt spines, and has claws with two row of denticles. Distribution Brazil – Bahia: Rio de Contas (putative), Correntina; Espírito Santo: Alto Caparaó (putative), Santa Teresa (putative), Linhares; Goiás: Colinas do Sul, Paraúna; Mato Grosso: Chapada dos Guimarães; Mato Grosso do Sul: Bonito; Minas Gerais: Arinos, Descoberto, Córrego Danta, Juiz de Fora; Pernambuco: São Benedito do Sul (putative); Piauí: Monsenhor Gil, Rio Grande do Piauí, Valença do Piauí; Rio de Janeiro: Comendador Levy Gasparian (putative); Rondônia: Alto Alegre dos Parecis, Rolim de Moura; São Paulo: Cananeia (putative). Argentina – Acheral: Tucumán (Nieto 2006) (putative). All records treated here as putative must be evaluated., Published as part of De Lima, Cláudia R. T., Cruz, Paulo Vilela & Hamada, Neusa, 2023, Additions and corrections to taxonomy of Apobaetis fiuzai Salles & Lugo-Ortiz, 2002 and Apobaetis kallawaya Nieto, 2006 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae), pp. 136-161 in European Journal of Taxonomy 879 (1) on pages 139-142, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.879.2167, http://zenodo.org/record/8155397, {"references":["Salles F. F. & Lugo-Ortiz C. R. 2002. A distinctive new species of Apobaetis (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Mato Grosso and Minas Gerais, Brazil. Zootaxa 35 (1): 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 35.1.1","Salles F. F., Francischetti C. N., Roque F. de O., Pepinelli M. & Strixino S. T. 2003. Levantamento preliminar dos generos e especies de Baetidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) do estado de Sao Paulo, com enfase em coletas realizadas em corregos florestados de baixa ordem. Biota Neotropica 3 (2): 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 1676 - 06032003000200011","Lima L. R., Salles F. F. & Pinheiro U. 2012. Ephemeroptera (Insecta) from Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 56 (3): 304 - 314. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0085 - 56262012005000043","Cruz P. V., Boldrini R. & Salles F. F. 2011. Apobaetis Day (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from northern Brazil: description of a new species and of the male imago of A. fiuzai Salles & Lugo-Ortiz. Aquatic Insects 33 (1): 81 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650424.2011.572557","Falcao J. N., Salles F. F. & Hamada, N. 2011. Baetidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) ocorrentes em Roraima, Brasil: Novos registros e chaves para generos e especies no estagio ninfal. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 55 (4): 516 - 548. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0085 - 56262011005000048","Boldrini R., Cruz P. V., Salles F. F., Belmont E. L. & Hamada N. 2012. Baetidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from northeastern Brazil. Check List 8 (1): 88 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 8.1.088","Boldrini R. & Cruz P. V. 2014. Baetidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from the state of Rondonia, Northern Brazil. Boletim do Museu Integrado de Roraima 8 (1): 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.24979 / bolmirr. v 8 i 01","Nieto C. 2006. New species of the genus Apobaetis Day (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Bolivia and Argentina. Annales de Limnologie 42 (3): 189 - 196. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 2006020"]}

De Lima, Cláudia R.T., Cruz, Paulo Vilela, Hamada, Neusa (2023): Additions and corrections to taxonomy of Apobaetis fiuzai Salles & Lugo-Ortiz, 2002 and Apobaetis kallawaya Nieto, 2006 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 879 (1): 136-161, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.879.2167, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.879.2167

Genus Apobaetis Day, 1955 The analysis of type material, literature review, consultation of specialist and review of the part of historical records allowed the recognition of three new species: Apobaetis pasternakae sp. nov. (former A. fiuzai), Apobaetis jaquelinae sp. nov. (former A. fiuzai ) and Apobaetis luanae sp. nov. (former A. kallawaya). Consequently, corrections were made to the species distribution records (Fig. 1), restricting A. fiuzai outside the Amazon biome and A. kallawaya to Bolivia. The possibility of examining more than a few specimens allowed considerations of intraspecific variation., Published as part of De Lima, Cláudia R. T., Cruz, Paulo Vilela & Hamada, Neusa, 2023, Additions and corrections to taxonomy of Apobaetis fiuzai Salles & Lugo-Ortiz, 2002 and Apobaetis kallawaya Nieto, 2006 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae), pp. 136-161 in European Journal of Taxonomy 879 (1) on page 138, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.879.2167, http://zenodo.org/record/8155397, {"references":["Day W. C. 1955. New genera of mayflies from California (Ephemeroptera). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 31: 121 - 137. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 53440907 [accessed 20 Jun. 2023]."]}

Baetodes cerejeiras sp. nov. (Figs 4–6) Diagnosis. Nymph. I) labrum dorsal arc with reduced setae number (eight), alternating one long and pointed and one short and blunt; ii) glossa apex with one robust and pectinate seta; iii) posterior margin of pronotum slightly elevated, and metanonum slightly elevated; iv) coxal gills single, with one segment (Figs 4E, 5D), trachea pigmented at base; v) forefemora dorsal margin with row of long, thin, simple setae alternating with six robust and clavate setae (Fig. 6I); vi) abdominal tubercles on segments I to IX; vii) gills oblong, tracheae pigmented at base, not extending from main trunk to margins.

Cruz, Paulo Vilela, De Lima, Cláudia R.T., Nascimento, Stênio R. S., Souza, Marcia Regina De, Hamada, Neusa (2023): Two new species of Baetodes Needham & Murphy, 1924 with an updated checklist of Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) of Rondônia state, Brazil. Zootaxa 5311 (1): 105-122, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5311.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5311.1.5