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Objective: This study aimed to draw a scientific map and analyze the clusters of research published in the field of social network applications to libraries and information centers using documents indexed in Web of Science.Methods: This research is applied research conducted using content analysis and a descriptive-analytical approach. The statistical population is 307 publications in the field of social networks in libraries and information centers, indexed in Web of Science between 2016 and 2020. The data collection tool is a researcher-made checklist. Excel and scientometric softwares were used to analyze the data.Results: The results showed that the keywords of social media, academic libraries, social network, and social network analysis have the highest frequency. The findings also indicated that the subject area of social networks includes nine clusters; the main cluster is related to the second cluster, which is mainly associated with social media and consists of 13 keywords.Conclusions: The results of the research show that social networks had a special role and position in the field of library and information sciencein 2018. The number of publications in this field in 2020 is far less than the previous years and the number of published works in this year has been decreasing. According to the research done on social networks and their various aspects, much research has been conducted, and all its aspects have been investigated. However, the investigation of research in this area with an emphasis on its application in libraries and information centers has not been done, and the present study can familiarize researchers with the conducted research and guide them to conduct applied research to fill the existing gaps.

Abstract Sensitivity analyses are important components of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model development and are required by regulatory agencies for PBPK submissions. They assess the impact of parametric uncertainty and variability on model estimates, aid model optimization by identifying parameters requiring calibration, and enable the testing of assumptions within PBPK models. One‐at‐a‐time (OAT) sensitivity analyses quantify the impact on a model output in response to changes in a single parameter while holding others fixed. Global sensitivity analysis (GSA) methods provide more comprehensive assessments by accounting for changes in all uncertain or variable parameters, though at a higher computational cost. This tutorial article presents a software package for conducting both OAT and GSA of PBPK models built in the Open Systems Pharmacology (OSP) Suite. The tool is accessible through either an R script or a graphical user interface, and the outputs consist of sensitivity metrics of pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters, such as Cmax and AUC, evaluated with respect to model input parameters. Results are formatted according to regulatory standards. The OAT analysis methods comprise two‐way local sensitivity analyses and probabilistic uncertainty analyses, whereas the GSA methods include the Morris, Sobol, and EFAST methods. These analyses can be conducted on single PBPK models or pairs of models for the evaluation of the sensitivity of PK parameter ratios in drug–drug interaction studies. The practical application of the package is demonstrated through three illustrative case studies.

Background and objectiveKnowledge about exposure to cannabidiol (CBD) in breastfed infants can provide an improved understanding of potential risk. The aim was to predict CBD exposure in breastfed infants from mothers taking CBD and CBD-containing products.MethodsCannabidiol concentrations in milk previously attained from data collected through an existing human milk research biorepository were used to simulate infant doses and identify subgroups. A developed pediatric physiologically based pharmacokinetic model produced virtual breastfed infants administered the simulated CBD doses. Predicted breastfed infant exposures and upper area under the curve ratios were compared to the lowest therapeutic dose for approved indications in children.ResultsThe existing human milk research biorepository contained 200 samples from 181 unique breastfeeding mothers for whom self-reported administration data and CBD concentrations had previously been measured. Samples that were above the lower limit of quantification with only one maternal administration type revealed that administration type, i.e., joint/blunt or edible versus oil or pipe, resulted in significantly different subgroups in terms of milk concentrations. Resulting simulated infant doses (ng/kg) were described by lognormal distributions with geometric means and geometric standard deviations: 0.61 ± 2.41 all concentrations, 0.10 ± 0.37 joint/blunt or edible, and 2.23 ± 8.15 oil or pipe. Doses administered to breastfed infants had exposures magnitudes lower than exposures in children aged 4-11 years administered the lowest therapeutic dose for approved indications, and low upper area under the curve ratios.ConclusionsBased on real-world use, breastfeeding infants are predicted to receive very small exposures of CBD through milk. Studies examining adverse reactions will provide further insight into potential risk.

This study is aimed at evaluating the quality and safety of two traditional fermented dairy products commonly found in Lebanon (Ambarees and Kishk in its dry and wet forms) by detecting foodborne pathogens and indicator microorganisms. Additionally, it seeks to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to quality and the production level. A total of 58 random samples (duplicated) including goat milk (n=16), dry Kishk (n=8), wet Kishk (n=8), and Ambarees (n=26) were collected from individuals who both farm and process these products. They represent the two production levels within the identified value chains in the Shouf and West Bekaa regions. Microbiological analyses revealed that all samples were free of Escherichia coli, while Staphylococcus aureus was found in all of them with significantly higher levels of contamination in wet Kishk, indicating poor hygienic practices at the different production levels. Coliforms were found in only 3.8% of the Ambarees samples, made from raw milk, showing that the decreasing pH and water activity throughout the long milk fermentation process contributes to the low prevalence of these microorganisms and that cross-contamination might have occurred during the packaging phase. A regional pattern was observed where microbial counts (total aerobic counts, total coliforms, and S. aureus) were found significantly higher (p

Abstract The parametric excitation of spin waves by coherent surface acoustic waves in metallic magnetic thin film structures is demonstrated experimentally using Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy. Complementary micromagnetic simulations and analytical modeling reveal that, depending on the experimental conditions, the spin‐wave instabilities originate from different phonon‐magnon and magnon‐magnon scattering processes. This opens novel ways to create micro‐scaled nonlinear magnonic systems for logic and data processing that profit from the efficient excitation of phonons using piezoelectricity.

Although multiple myeloma is an incurable disease, the past decade has witnessed significant improvement in patient outcomes. This was brought about by the development of T-cell redirection therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells, which can leverage the natural ability of the immune system to fight myeloma cells. The approval of the B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-directed CAR T, idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel), and ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel) has resulted in a paradigm shift in the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Overall response rates ranging from 73 to 97% are currently achievable. However, the limitations of KarMMa-1 and CARTITUDE-1 studies spurred the generation of real-world data to provide some insights into the effectiveness of ide-cel and cilta-cel among patients who were excluded from clinical trials, particularly those who received prior BCMA-targeted or other T-cell redirection therapies. Despite their unprecedented clinical efficacy in heavily pretreated patients, responses to CAR T remain non-durable. Although the underlying mechanisms of resistance to these agents haven’t been fully elucidated, studies have suggested that resistance patterns could be multifaceted, implicating T-cell exhaustion and tumor intrinsic mechanisms such as BCMA target loss, upregulation of gamma-secretase, and others. Herein, we provide a succinct overview of the development of CAR T-cells, manufacturing process, and associated toxicities/complications. In this review, we also recapitulate the existing literature pertaining MM CAR-T as well as emerging data from some of the ongoing clinical trials designed to mitigate the shortcomings of these agents, and improve the clinical efficacy of CAR T, especially in the relapsed/refractory setting.

Abstract Background Cultural factors influence attitudes toward death, and gender disparities are evident. Prior studies show that medical students have limited knowledge about death and are uncomfortable with it. Moreover, there is limited research that has examined factors that influence medical students’ knowledge and attitudes toward death. Objectives The objectives of the study were to compare cultural and gender differences in relation to knowledge and attitudes toward loss and grief and to screen for complicated grief among medical students at the Arabian Gulf University and the University of Toronto. Methods A cross-sectional study was disseminated to medical students at both universities in 2022. The variables in the survey included four parts: demographic characteristics of the participants, religious observance, history of encountering loss of a loved one, grief following loss, attitude toward death, and learning about how to deal with grief and death during medical school. The brief grief questionnaire and the death attitude profile-revised scales were used. Results The study sample consisted of 168 medical students, with 74.1% being female. Complicated grief scores were higher among Arabian Gulf University students (3.87 ± 2.39) than among University of Toronto students (2.00 ± 1.93) and were higher for participants with a higher degree of religious observance in both schools (p

This study sets the criteria of high-grade kishk (a dried fermented cereal–milk product) based on sensory attributes. For this, kishk samples were collected, and physicochemical attributes and sensory attributes were recorded. Subsequently, Spearman’s correlation between sensory properties and physicochemical properties was calculated. A decision tree [DT] was applied with the mean total sensory score [MTSC] as the dependent factor to establish the physicochemical factor/s upon which the different kishk grades were set. To compare the physiochemical attributes of the different grades, the general linear model was applied. Moisture content is negatively and significantly correlated with most sensory attributes. Titratable acidity [TA] is positively and significantly correlated with most sensory attributes. The DT analysis showed that TA was the classifying factor [p = 0.01], and accordingly, grade A [TA ≥ 4.56], grade B [2.50 < TA < 4.56], and grade C [TA ≤ 2.50] kishk data were established, showing MTSC values of 6.32 ± 0.32, 5.26 ± 0.36, and 4.40 ± 0.20, respectively. Applying DT analysis with kishk grades as independent variables, pH was a classifying factor, with 3.95 as the cutoff point. Moisture [p = 0.018], the protein-to-fat ratio [P:F] [p = 0.027] and pH [p < 0.001] differ significantly between the different kishk grades. Accordingly, the criteria for grade A kishk are TA ≥ 4.56, pH ≤ 3.95, moisture < 4%, P:F < 2.03, and particle density < 1489. The low pH and moisture content render it a shelf-stable high-acid food.

IntroductionLebanon faces severe economic and energy crises, impacting its healthcare system, particularly vaccine storage. Traditional gas or kerosene-powered refrigerators often fail to maintain necessary temperatures for vaccine efficacy. This study explores transitioning to solar direct-drive (SDD) refrigerators to ensure reliable vaccine storage.MethodsA multi-phase methodology was employed, beginning with an inventory assessment of existing cold chain equipment. The implementation involved stepwise replacement of identified refrigerators across health facilities, including Primary Health Care Centers (PHCCs) and dispensaries. Feasibility, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact were evaluated.ResultsFindings indicate that solarization significantly reduces vaccine wastage, ensures stable temperatures, and cuts operational costs by decreasing dependence on non-renewable energy sources. Over 1,000 SDD units were installed across more than 800 health facilities. Additionally, PHCC solarization improved vaccine preservation and enhanced the resilience of health services overall.DiscussionThe solarization initiative demonstrates the critical role of renewable energy in strengthening healthcare infrastructure, especially in crisis-hit regions. Solar-powered systems provide a reliable and sustainable solution for vaccine storage, reduce carbon footprints, and build public trust in the immunization system. Challenges included geographical and structural limitations, which were addressed through comprehensive planning and collaboration with local stakeholders. Solarization of Lebanon's vaccine cold chain and PHCCs marks a significant step towards sustainable and resilient healthcare infrastructure. The model offers a robust framework for other regions facing similar economic and energy challenges, highlighting the importance of renewable energy solutions in healthcare.

Magnetic solitons hold great promise for token-based computing applications due to their intrinsic properties, including small size, topological stability, ultra-low power manipulation, and potentially ultra-fast operation. In particular, they have been proposed as reliable memory units that enable the execution of various logic tasks with in-situ memory. A critical challenge remains the identification of optimal soliton and efficient manipulation techniques. Previous research has primarily focused on the manipulation of two-dimensional solitons, such as skyrmions, domain walls, and vortices, by applied currents. The discovery of novel methods to control magnetic parameters, such as the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, through strain, temperature gradients, and applied voltages offers new avenues for energetically efficient manipulation of magnetic structures. In this work, we present a comprehensive study using numerical and analytical methods to investigate the stability and motion of various magnetic textures under the influence of DMI gradients. Our results show that Néel and Bloch-type skyrmions, as well as radial vortices, exhibit motion characterized by finite skyrmion Hall angles, while circular vortices undergo expulsion dynamics. This study provides a deeper and crucial understanding of the stability and gradient-driven dynamics of magnetic solitons, paving the way for the design of scalable spintronics token-based computing devices.

Abstract Background and aims The Lebanese healthcare system faces multiple challenges including limited capacities, shortage of skilled professionals, and inadequate supplies, in addition to hosting a significant number of refugees. While subsidized services are available for pregnant women, representing the majority of the refugee population in Lebanon, suboptimal access to antenatal care (ANC) and increased maternal mortality rates are still observed, especially among socioeconomically disadvantaged populations. This study aimed to review the maternal health outcomes of disadvantaged Lebanese and refugee pregnant women seeking ANC services at primary healthcare centers (PHCs) in Lebanon. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted at twenty PHCs in Lebanon, including Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) and United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine refugees (UNRWA) facilities. Data was collected from medical charts of pregnant women who visited the centers between August 2018 and August 2020. Statistical analysis was performed to explore outcomes such as the number of ANC visits, delivery type, and onset of delivery, using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models. Results In the study, 3977 medical charts were analyzed. A multivariate logistic regression analysis, revealed that suboptimal ANC visits were more common in the Beqaa region and among women with current abortion or C-section. Syrians had reduced odds of C-sections, and Beqaa, Mount Lebanon, and South Lebanon regions had reduced odds of abortion. Suboptimal ANC visits and history of C-section increased the odds of C-section and abortion in the current pregnancy. As for preterm onset, the study showed an increased likelihood for it to occur when being Palestinian, having current C-section delivery, experiencing previous preterm onset, and enduring complications at the time of delivery. Conclusion This study suggests the need for low-cost interventions aiming at enhancing access to ANC services, especially among pregnant women in fragile settings.

Abstract Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a common complication of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and can lead to adverse cardiovascular events. This is a non-randomized, observational, prospective study of STEMI patients with multivessel disease who underwent primary PCI, grouped based on whether they underwent balloon pre-dilatation stenting or direct stenting of the culprit lesion. Coronary physiology measurements were performed 3 months post-PCI including coronary flow reserve (CFR) and index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) measurements at the culprit vessel. The primary endpoint was the prevalence of CMD at 3 months, defined as IMR ≥ 25 or CFR