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This study assessed the total flavonoids, polyphenols, condensed tannins, and antioxidant activity (in vitro and in silico) of aqueous and organic extracts of fresh Moroccan rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and hydro-distillation residues. Quantitative methods identified distinct compound profiles. Notably, the hydro-acetone composite exhibited heightened polyphenolic concentrations in both the rosemary samples. Conversely, hydro-methanolic extracts showcased elevated flavonoid levels (RD: 68.4 ± 1.1 mg EC/g MS, RF: 47.1 ± 1.0 mg EC/g MS) alongside condensed tannins (RF: 19.3 ± 0.2 mg EC/g MS, DR: 11.8 ± 0.1 mg EC/g DM). HPLC-ESI-MS analysis provided profound insights into the chemical composition of the hydromethanolic, hydroacetone, and aqueous extracts, identifying 20 compounds, predominantly phenolic diterpenes, flavonoids, and organic acids. Furthermore, rosemary extracts exhibited robust antioxidant activity. Molecular docking analyses revealed specific interactions between key rosemary compounds (Carnosol, Carnosic Acid, and Rosmarinic Acid)–and target proteins, shedding light on their potent antioxidant properties and providing valuable insights for pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications. By revealing the intricate phytochemical characterization of rosemary from the Moroccan Middle Atlas, this study enriches our understanding of its composition and paves the way for its potential applications in pharmaceuticals, supplements, and natural additives, enhancing its industrial significance.

This study set out to examine how feeding local ewes a diet including cactus fruit waste, or "cactus silage," affected their milk production and quality as well as how well their lambs did while nursing. On a farm, researchers studied the feeding habits of the Sardi breed, a native sheep species. The animals were divided into two groups; one was given a standard diet (CD) and the other cactus silage (SD). We The milk production was tracked every day and the milk composition features were analyzed every week. There was a 14.8% increase in milk yield, with the SD diet producing an average of 31.15 kg and the CD diet 27.14 kg. A significantly significant difference (p<0.05) in SD was seen in the average daily gain (ADG) of lambs during the lactation period when contrasted with the CD lot. In contrast to the CD lot 154 g/d ADG, the SD lot was 199 g/d. With the exception of fat content, which shown more variability for both treatments (p<0.05), the treatments did not impact the density, freezing point, or protein levels of the milk samples. There was significant fluctuation in the physicochemical properties of ewe's milk over the weeks of lactation, with values ranging from very high (p < 0.001) to very high (p<0.01). Cactus silage (SD) may be a good alternative to the conventional feed for female sheep, according to the research, since it has no discernible negative impact on their productivity. Cactus silage is a cost-effective alternative to other feeds for sheep in arid regions, thus it is reasonable to consider it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Based on our previous ethnobotanical survey, the non-investigated Saharan plant Anabasis aretioides Coss. & Moq., growing in the region of Errachidia, was selected for pharmacological investigation. In Moroccan traditional medicine, A. aretioides is being used for diabetes treatment. Thus, the current work aims at evaluating the antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of the plant in relation to the digestive tract. Methods: The different parts of the plant (aerial parts, roots, seeds) were extracted with methanol (MeOH) and screened in enzymatic assays for their inhibitory potential against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, as well as antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Furthermore, the phenolic compounds were analyzed using HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS. Results: The MeOH extracts of A. aretioides aerial parts, roots, and seeds, respectively, inhibited α-amylase (IC50 of 3148.07 μg/mL, 2440.20 μg/mL, 3395.71 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50 of 2940.59 μg/mL, 3521.81 μg/mL, 3393.83 μg/mL). Moreover, compared to aerial parts and seeds, the plant roots exhibited higher antioxidant capacity and a potent reducing power. In resazurin microplate assay, the plant parts displayed a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 7.81 mg/mL to 31.25 mg/mL. Chemical analysis revealed 25 phenolic compounds, with chlorogenic acid as the main phenolic compound in the aerial parts, hesperidin in roots, and quercitrin in seeds. Conclusion: Anabasis aretioides cited for treatment of diabetes shows promising antioxidant and antibacterial properties, as well as an ability to inhibit digestive enzyme, including α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Thus, our results explain in part the traditional use of this Saharan medicine and open doors for further in vivo mechanistic and functional studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]