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Rohullah Sakhi, Shakila Jalalzai, Zainab Ahmadi, Rowaida Almaszada, Froogh Nazanin Zarghoon, Raihana Mohammadi, Habiba Ahmad, Shakila Mazhar, Maryam Faqirzada, Mozhda Hamidi Public Health Faculty, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Kabul, AfghanistanCorrespondence: Habiba Ahmad, Public Health Faculty, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Ata Turk Avenue, 3rd District, Kabul, Afghanistan, Email habibaahmad241@gmail.comBackground: Menstruation is a universal, natural, unique, and physiological phenomenon. Despite the fact that menstruation is a natural fact of life, it is still considered taboo in Afghanistan and other developing countries.Objective: To assess knowledge, beliefs, and practices related to menstruation among female students of Kabul University of Medical Sciences (KUMS).Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was conducted at KUMS in 2022, and a quota sampling technique was used.Results: In this study, 339 students participated out of the 346-sample size. The majority of participants (70.02%), were over 20 years of age. About (59.60%) of participants were aware of menstruation before menarche. The main source of their information was their mothers (37.50%). The average age of menarche was 13.5 years old. Above 70% of respondents had normal patterns of menstruation. More than half of them (51.90%) had dysmenorrhea. Frequent menstrual disorders were abdominal pain (58.1%), and backache (56.1%). The majority of respondents had good and acceptable knowledge of menstruation (33.6%), and (63.1%) respectively. A statistically significant relationship between knowledge and academic year was observed (P value = 0.005). The majority of respondents (92.6%) had poor menstrual beliefs. A statistically significant relationship between respondents’ age and beliefs was observed (P value = 0.004). Mother education did not affect respondents’ level of beliefs (P value = 0.4). In addition, respondents had good practice of menstruation (75%).Conclusion: In general participants had a good and acceptable level of knowledge with good practice related to menstruation. Despite the good knowledge and practice, the respondents’ beliefs related to menstruation were poorer than what was expected from medical disciplines students. Their frequent source of information was their mothers, which highlights the provision of information and education for mothers and all females.Keywords: menstruation, knowledge, beliefs, practice, female students, Kabul University of Medical Sciences

In this communication, the state space method is used to analyze the static behavior of laminated magneto-electro-elastic rectangular plates with simply supported boundary conditions based on an elastic support. The mathematical formulation is elaborated in a general form and an arbitrary number of layers as well as the orthotropic behavior can be considered. The methodology is based on the mixed formulation, in which basic unknowns are formed by collecting displacements, stresses, electrical displacements, electrical potential, magnetic induction and magnetic potential. As special case, multilayered rectangular plate is analyzed under the surface loading with simply supported boundary conditions based on an elastic support. The procedure of calculation shows that the formulation presented here is simple and direct.

Background: Amitriptyline is one of the most common tricyclic antidepressants, which binds to pain sensory nerve fibers close to the sodium channel; hence, it could interact to some degree with receptors of local anesthetics. This study was designed to assess the additional analgesic effects of 2% Amitriptyline local gel administration in irreversible pulpitis pain of the molars. Materials and Methods: This study was a randomized, double-blind clinical trial that was performed on 56 consented adult patients who did not receive enough analgesia after a lidocaine nerve block for their tooth pulpitis pain. Patients were treated with 0.2 ml of either 2% amitriptyline or placebo, which was directly injected into their mandibular molar pulp chamber after they had received two routine lidocaine injections. Patients were asked to score their pain as a mark on a 10-cm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at different timepoints: 0 (just before gel administration), 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 minutes after the treatments. Results: There was a 92.5% decrease in VAS scores of patients 9 minutes after amitriptyline administration compared to Time 0, while in the placebo group this difference was only 13.5%. Further, in the amitriptyline group, the VAS score at all timepoints was statistically different from Time 0 ( P < 0.01). The overall pain reduction and its trend was significantly higher in the amitriptyline group compared with the placebo group ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: Inter-pulp space administration of amitriptyline 2% gel for completing analgesia in irreversible pulpitis pain could be effective and useful as a conjunctive therapy to injections of local anesthetics.

Ce travail s’inscrit dans le cadre de l’accord programme Tassili N° 09 MDU 773 entre le Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Matériaux, USTO-Oran et le Laboratoire des Matériaux et Durabilité des Constructions (LMDC), INSA-UPS-Toulouse, France. La présente étude est une contribution aux travaux de la recherche de nouvelles sources d’approvisionnement en ajouts et en matières premières et la valorisation des matériaux naturels locaux utilisés dans la fabrication du ciment. Cette étude porte sur l’activité pouzzolanique des roches volcaniques, elle a pour but de comparer les caractéristiques physiques et mécaniques d’un mortier témoin à ciment de type CEMI 52,5R fourni par la firme Lafarge et d’un mortier à ciment du même type avec ajout dont les taux de substitution de la roche Andésitique est de 0- 40%. Dans notre travail, nous avons utilisé des roches volcaniques appartenant à la famille des Andésites, provenant de la région de Tipaza, Nord Ouest Algérois. L’étude des caractéristiques mécaniques et de l’indice de pouzzolanicité ont montré que les ciments fabriqués sont capables de remplacer certains ciments Portland pour une éventuelle utilisation dans le domaine de construction. This work is a part of the agreement programs Tassili N° 09 MDU 773 between Laboratory of Physic-chemistry Materials, USTO-Oran and Laboratory of Materials and Durability of Constructions (LMDC), INSA-UPS-Toulouse, France. The present study is an attempt to the research of new supply sources in admixtures and raw materials and the evaluation of local natural materials used in the manufacture of cement. It deals with the pozzolanic activity of the volcanic rocks and aims to compare the physical and mechanical characteristics of a mortar control made with cement CEMI 52,5R provided by Lafarge firm and of a mortar made with the same cement incorporated by different replacement rate of andesitic rock in a range of 0 – 40%. Volcanic rocks belonging to andesitic family and provided from Tipaza region (Western North of Algiers) were used in this study. The results found have shown that the cement made with andesitic rock may replace some Portland cements for a possible use in the field of construction.

The concept of (quasi) superhypergraphs as a generalization of graphs makes a relation between some sets of elements in detail and in general (in the form of parts to parts, parts to whole, and whole to whole elements of sets) and is very useful in the real world. This paper considers the novel concept of (quasi) superhypergraphs and introduces the notation of dominating set and domination number of (quasi) superhypergraphs. Especially, we have analyzed the domination number of uniform (quasi) superhypergraphs and computed their domination number on different cases. The flows (from right to left, from left to right, and two-sided) as maps play a main role in (quasi) superhypergraphs and it is proved that domination numbers of (quasi) superhypergraphs are dependent on the flows. We define the valued-star (quasi) superhypergraphs for the design of hypernetworks and compute their domination numbers. We have shown that the domination numbers of valued-star (quasi) superhypergraphs are distinct in different flow states. In final, we introduce some applications of dominating sets of (quasi) superhypergraphs in hypernetwork as computer networks and treatment networks with the optimal application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are numerous methods for reducing diesel exhaust emissions. Engine modifications, combustion optimization, and exhaust gas treatment are all popular methods. Another proven method uses fuel additives, such as zinc oxide, copper oxide, and magnesium oxide. Those additives are proven to reduce measured emissions such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide successfully; however, there are still concerns about the toxicity of the emissions, which could harm human health. As a result, carbon nanoparticles have been introduced as a fuel additive due to their low risk to human health. Because of advancements in graphene research, a few researchers began investigating the implications of using graphene nanoplatelets as a fuel additive. The study's findings appeared to be encouraging. However, no additional research has been identified to forecast the impact on engine emissions other than analyzing the effects of graphene additives on engine emissions. The goal of this study is to forecast the effects of graphene nanoplatelets on diesel engine emissions. The emission parameters of the trial were carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide. The factors considered in the experiment are speed, load, and blend concentration. Response surface methodology and contour plots were generated using Minitab software. The results show that the prediction model's accuracy is within 10% of the experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]