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Aiming at the problems found in grinding Jun-Cao, such as poor grinding effect and high grinding power of mill, this study proposes a blade Jun-Cao grinding hammer based on the traditional hammer mill. With dynamics model analysis, it had better performance than a traditional hammer. By simulating the operation process in the DEM, forces on Jun-Cao and their motions were analyzed. By optimizing the structural parameters of the hammer blade based on multiobjective optimization using the genetic algorithm, an optimal solution set was obtained as a reference for practical production. Meanwhile, a bench test was designed to compare the traditional rectangular hammer with the new blade hammer regarding the operation effect. The result proved the following: (1) cutting edge length, cutting edge thickness and hammer thickness had a significant influence on the grinding effect and grinding power; (2) a total of 22 optimal solution sets were obtained, based on which the blade hammer with a cutting edge length of 45 mm, a cutting edge thickness of 3 mm and a hammer thickness of 7 mm was finally selected in the bench test; (3) the bench test proved that the blade hammer was generally superior to the traditional rectangular hammer with the output per kilowatt-hour having been improved by 13.55% on average. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El síndrome del martillo hipotenar es una patología vascular poco frecuente que produce una degeneración aneurismática de la arteria cubital a su paso por el canal de Guyon. Se suele dar en trabajadores expuestos a microtraumatismos de repetición en eminencia hipotenar; por ello, algunos autores lo consideran una enfermedad profesional. La clínica varía según el tamaño del aneurisma y la inestabilidad de su contenido. Para el diagnóstico, es necesario realizar una adecuada anamnesis y exploración física del paciente, así como tener un elevado índice de sospecha. Su tratamiento varía desde el médico conservador hasta la cirugía reconstructiva, dependiendo de la permeabilidad y de la integridad vascular del arco palmar. Se presenta un caso clínico de varón de 67 años con aparición de tumoración pulsátil dolorosa en eminencia hipotenar tras realizar trabajos de reforma. Mediante angiorresonancia, se confirmó la sospecha clínica, y se procedió a la resección del aneurisma parcialmente trombosado con posterior reconstrucción arterial.

Iron processing on the territory of Romania has been known since the first half of the second millennium B.C. Iron represented the raw material for tool making. While practicing their handcraft as blacksmiths, these craftsmen’s vocabulary was enriched with words which designated the objects made, the tools used, details of the forms and ornamental motifs. Some words, part of the terminology of iron processing, have become nicknames associated to various persons. Those nicknames have become in time unofficial surnames, many of them later firmly acknowledge as surnames, as a result of the 1895 Name Law.

In this article, a hammer-blade hulling machine for Eucommia ulmoides Oliver that solves the current industry problem of low hulling efficiency and high manual input in EUO samaras is described. Its main working components are a hulling device and a screening device. Discrete element simulation was used to simulate the hulling process of a EUO samara hulling machine, and a EUO samara bond model was used to simulate the crushing process. The optimal parameters of the huller were determined as follows: the spindle speed was 2800 r/min, the hammer length was 70 mm and the other mechanism parameters were determined according to the working processes of components. Before the prototype test, EUO samaras were pretreated via soaking and insolation. The soaking and insolation times were used as the influence factors when carrying out the test. Their effect on hulling efficiency was evaluated by calculating the yield rates of the kernels and shell and the loss rate. The results show that under the optimal pretreatment conditions, the parameters of the huller meet the requirements, and the yield rate of kernels is more than 28%, the yield rate of shells is more than 38%, and the loss rate is less than 7%. The test indexes meet the use requirements and improve the efficiency of the hulling of the EUO samara, which has the advantages of high efficiency and high hulling rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the efficacy of a new hammer-toe locking fusion system. Method: The retrospective study was conducted at Kutahya Evliya Çelebi Education and Research Hospital, and comprised data from March 2014 to January 2017 of patients of either gender with hammer toe deformity. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society and visual analogue scale scoring systems were used. Radiological evaluation was also used to determine the lateral interphalangeal angle measurements. All patients were subjected to hammer toe surgery using new two-block interlocking fusion system, and were followed up for about 2 years. SPSS 25.0 for windows was used for analysis. Results: According to gender, 13(65%) of patients were female and 7(35%) of patients were male. The overall mean age was 51.5±16.31 years (range: 20-72 years). Of all the surgeries, 9(45%) were performed on the right foot, and 11(55%) on the left foot. The follow-ups ranged 21-32 months. Compared to baselines values, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society scale and visual analogue scale scores significantly improved post intervention (p

Aiming at the problems found in grinding Jun-Cao, such as poor grinding effect and high grinding power of mill, this study proposes a blade Jun-Cao grinding hammer based on the traditional hammer mill. With dynamics model analysis, it had better performance than a traditional hammer. By simulating the operation process in the DEM, forces on Jun-Cao and their motions were analyzed. By optimizing the structural parameters of the hammer blade based on multiobjective optimization using the genetic algorithm, an optimal solution set was obtained as a reference for practical production. Meanwhile, a bench test was designed to compare the traditional rectangular hammer with the new blade hammer regarding the operation effect. The result proved the following: (1) cutting edge length, cutting edge thickness and hammer thickness had a significant influence on the grinding effect and grinding power; (2) a total of 22 optimal solution sets were obtained, based on which the blade hammer with a cutting edge length of 45 mm, a cutting edge thickness of 3 mm and a hammer thickness of 7 mm was finally selected in the bench test; (3) the bench test proved that the blade hammer was generally superior to the traditional rectangular hammer with the output per kilowatt-hour having been improved by 13.55% on average.

This case study aims to investigate the effects of compaction methods on the mechanical behavior of roller compacted concrete pavement (RCCP) mixtures, which consist of the replacement of different cement by 0%, 5%, and 10% limestone by volume fraction and which were compacted by two compaction methods. These methods are commonly discussed in the literature and were developed to simulate the site conditions in the laboratory. A modified Proctor test was adopted in the mix’s proportional process to optimize the aggregate’s percentage content of RCCP. The experimental series consisted of compression and split tensile performance tests to investigate the development of compaction performances at 28 days. The results showed that, where 10% of the cement was substituted by limestone, the RCC gives important flexural strength values compared to the quantity of the cement substitute. Qualitatively, the reduction in the strength of the concrete using the modified Proctor compaction method led to the weakness of the bond between the layers.

This paper discusses a suitable method to manufacture contactor forgings, depending on the size of the series. A suitable semi-finished product and the method of cutting have been proposed. The design of a suitable forming machine and forging tools was carried out for the production of contactor forgings in the number of 10,000 pieces and 50,000 pieces per year. The LE 160 eccentric press was designed to cut the sprue. A comparison was made between the production of contactor forging on the pneumatic-hydraulic hammer KHZ 4 A and the production on the mechanical crank press LKM 1600. The die design was carried out for both production alternatives. The cost analysis for the production of one piece of forging showed that for a large number of pieces, it is more economical to forge using a mechanical forging press. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports a fatal assault with a hammer, with numerous strikes to the skull. The victim was a man in his 70 s with dementia. The suspect was the victim’s son, a man in his 50 s with schizophrenia. According to the son's testimony, he struck the father approximately 100 times with ‘murderous intent’ using a hammer. The son called 911, but the father was dead when the authorities arrived. The futon on which the victim’s head was lying as well as his clothes were soaked with a lot of blood. Numerous additional bloodstains were observed on the wall and furniture. The hammerhead was made of metal and had a square face with rounded corners at each end. At autopsy, many purple bruises, thought to be defensive wounds, were found on both forearms and hands. Dozens of scalp-contused lacerations, abrasions, and small open scalp wounds accompanied by abrasions were observed. There were no skull bone fractures or major intracranial injuries. We believe hemorrhage from multiple scalp wounds was the cause of death. Most previous reports of head injuries due to hammer blows focused on skull fractures and scarcely focused on scalp injuries. This is the first report of head injuries due to blows with a square-faced hammer with rounded corners. We report this case because evaluating the unique characteristics of the wounds on the victim, as well as accumulating information from similar cases, may help identify wounds caused by similar weapons in the future.

Copyright of Archeologia Technica is the property of Technical Museum in Brno and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Peening technology is a cold working processing in which peening mediums impinge on a part to improve fatigue life or form a desired shape. The peening medium can be spherical shot, hammer or needle, etc. The shape of the peening medium varies due to processing technology and loading deformation. This paper aims to investigate the effect of peening medium shape on peening results. The peening medium head is assumed to be ellipsoidal and its shape is controlled by aspect ratio. An analytical model of ellipsoid impact response is established based on the expanding cavity model. From the solution of the analytical model, the evolution of shot velocity, indentation size, plastic layer depth, shot deformation and contact pressure are obtained. Finite element simulations are carried out to study the impact results of different ellipsoids , which are verified by peening experiments. The analytical, numerical and experimentally measured indentation sizes are in good agreement. The effects of sharp peening medium and blunt peening medium are compared on indentation geometry, plastic zone size and residual stress field. It is concluded that shallow dimple and thick strengthening layer can be obtained by using blunt peening mediums with high kinetic energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pneumopercussion machines (pneumatic impact machines) are widely used in all areas of human activity. Also, they are widely used in the mining industry. Unfortunately, their operation is characterized by a low efficiency of compressed air energy usage. In some cases, this level of efficiency is calculated as 15-20%. Such a situation increases the cost of drilling operations significantly. In this article, due to an implementation of a new construction of the equipment, the efficiency of the pneumopercussion machines was increased. This problem is solved by combining the most effective thermodynamic processes of compressed air in the working chambers of machines. Also, a new technical solution for the construction of pneumopercussion machines is suggested by the Authors. The proposed new design is realized by a combination of the most effective thermodynamic processes in the chambers of pneumatic impact machines. A new pneumatic hammer is presented, which allows to reduce compressed air consumption twice during an operation on the surface (in comparison with hammers available on the market). The operation of pneumopercussion machines and the method of calculating geometric parameters are described. The economic performance of the equipment confirms the correctness of the proposed technological solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of this study is to explain some aspects of middle ear anatomy in dog. The study was conducted on five dog skulls (different ages) from common, large size dogs. The skulls were processed by maceration and submitted to a treatment of mechanical cleaning with perhydrol. The temporal bone was collected first; the external wall was opened carefully to study the tympanic cavity. The ossicles were collected separately and subsequently described. From research carried promontory appears as an elongated projection that separates the oval window and round window. Vestibular window is oval or slightly ovoid shape of a hole, located dorso-medially to the promontory, which communicates with the middle ear vestibule. Cochlearia window appears as a round or circular hole located caudo-lateral to the promontory . it is blocked by a membrane called the tympanum secondary, cavity separating the ramp of the snail. In the ventro-oral cavity openings ductus faringo tympanicum. The osicules sound represented by hammer, anvil and stirrup are articulated with each other and form a chain as a link between the eardrum and vestibular window. Bones are driven by two muscles: the tensor muscle and muscle stirrup eardrum is very thin. osicules ear are relatively large and resemble those of humans. Lenticular bone is the lenticular process of the long arm of anvile.

Nose is very important in standards of beauty because of its central location on face, making any slightest alteration in its appearance vulnerable to appreciation as well as criticism. Osteotomy is one of main steps of rhinoplasty which brings appreciably drastic change in the appearance of the individual after appropriate correction. Many approaches and instruments have since been used for proper correction of width of nasal bridge. Sometimes wrong use of force can even result in comminuted fracture of nasal bones leading to undesired surgical outcome. We have designed a hammer (gavel) made of hylam or bakelite for its precision role and use in rhinoplasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce HammerDrive, a novel architecture for task-aware visual attention prediction in driving. The proposed architecture is learnable from data and can reliably infer the current focus of attention of the driver in real-time, while only requiring limited and easy-to-access telemetry data from the vehicle. We build the proposed architecture on two core concepts: 1) driving can be modeled as a collection of sub-tasks (maneuvers), and 2) each sub-task affects the way a driver allocates visual attention resources, i.e., their eye gaze fixation. HammerDrive comprises two networks: a hierarchical monitoring network of forward-inverse model pairs for sub-task recognition and an ensemble network of task-dependent convolutional neural network modules for visual attention modeling. We assess the ability of HammerDrive to infer driver visual attention on data we collected from 20 experienced drivers in a virtual reality-based driving simulator experiment. We evaluate the accuracy of our monitoring network for sub-task recognition and show that it is an effective and light-weight network for reliable real-time tracking of driving maneuvers with above 90% accuracy. Our results show that HammerDrive outperforms a comparable state-of-the-art deep learning model for visual attention prediction on numerous metrics with ~13% improvement for both Kullback-Leibler divergence and similarity, and demonstrate that task-awareness is beneficial for driver visual attention prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Uranium Geology is the property of Uranium Geology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: A percutaneous selective flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) tenotomy and a proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthrolysis may correct a lesser claw toe deformity keeping flexor digitorum longus (FDL) and active flexion. Our study aimed to verify if the procedure was effective and reliable and if it respects the surrounding soft tissues.Material and Method: Twelve cadaveric lateral toes were used. A dissection ensured the integrity of both digital nerves, FDL and flexor pulleys and assessed the section of both FDB slips and PIP arthrolysis.Results: A complete section of the two FDB slips was observed in 4 cases (33%). Arthrolysis was achieved in all cases. Surrounding soft tissues were found intact in all cases.Conclusion: This procedure is effective regarding PIP arthrolysis, but a technical improvement is required to achieve a reliable section of both FDB slips. In the hands of an experienced surgeon, it has proven to be safe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This note addresses the genesis of a famous image in Pushkin's narrative poem "Poltava": "Having born the blows of the fates, Rus´ grew stronger, just as the heavy hammer crushes glass but forges steel." We note a connection to the European Baroque's symbolism of the hammer as an ambivalent tool, one which both destroys and creates. Further, we propose that the structure of this poetic image reflects Pushkin's familiarity with the books of symbols and emblems common in Peter the Great's day, particularly the emblem titled "A Diamond beaten with hammers," which is a representation of hardness and constancy. In its Russian version, the accompanying motto for this emblem was " Vsegda nesokrushaem " ("Always indestructible"). However, Pushkin introduced important modifications to the emblematic image he uses, putting at its center not the idea of immutability but, to the contrary, the ability to change and improve. "Poltava" thus explains the historical significance of the Petrine transformations (and their accompanying tribulations) using an original take on the symbolic language of Peter's epoch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During elite-level hammer throws, the vertical displacement of the centre of mass (COM) of the thrower and hammer are approximately 180° out of phase (the hammer’s COM is at its high point when the thrower’s COM is at its low point, and vice versa) prior to the hammer’s release. This out-of-phase coordination pattern contributes to the velocity of the hammer, which ultimately contributes to the distance thrown. Several drills are used to improve coordination between the thrower’s and hammer’s COM, but it is not currently known if the out-of-phase pattern is present during these drills. This study examined the relative phase between the COM of the hammer and thrower during two different rotational drills: The Double Hammer Head and Single Arm drills. Using a 12-camera motion analysis system, COM kinematics for both the hammer and thrower were examined for seven NCAA Division I throwers during the two drills. Contrary to their purported purpose, the phase angles between thrower’s and hammer’s COM were significantly different from 180° during both drills. Further research should be conducted to examine the mechanical factors of hammer throwing drills, as well as the effect such drills have when implemented within training programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the many types of grinding machines used in enterprises of grain processing, food and other industries, an important place belongs to hammer crushers. This is explained by the possibility of their use for grinding materials of various origins (plant, animal, mineral, as well as various wastes of food production), various particle size distribution (lumpy, briquetted, granular, fibrous), having different strength properties (hard, medium hard, soft, brittle, viscous), capable of being crushed once or requiring double sequential crushing. In addition, hammer crushers are characterized by relative simplicity of design, and most importantly - they destroy materials in the most rational way - by impact loading as a result of two successive strokes: a hammer on a particle and particles on the surface of the deck. The execution of these attacks at right angles creates the conditions for the intensification of the destruction process. However, the wear of the hammers leads to a rounding of their impact faces, which makes the angles of attack in the active zone of the hammers significantly different from the direct one. Under the influence of shock-frictional loads, their working surfaces quickly wear out, which leads to a decrease in productivity and crushing efficiency, to an increase in energy consumption, a disturbance in the balance of hammer rotors, an increase in the vibroacoustic activity of crushers, and other negative consequences The invention of the “Hammer of the crusher” provides for the use of ring-shaped multi-toothed hammers, the durability of which, when using traditional materials and conventional heat treatment, is increased by 4...5 times, eliminates the need for periodic rearrangement of hammers, stabilizes the operation of crushers. The possibility of self-sharpening ring-shaped multi-toothed hammers after reversing the hammer rotor simplifies the maintenance of crushers, eliminates personnel errors when replacing worn hammers. If multi-toothed hammers are subjected to liquid non-electrolysis boration and heat treatment using an optical quantum generator, then their durability can increase by more than ten times.

A technique for estimating the strength characteristics of work tools of a hammermill is proposed. Using the laws of mechanics of solids, analytical and finite element methods for determining the limiting stresses in the dangerous cross section, a technique for determining the strength safety factor is justified under the conditions of multicycle loading of hammers during milling of lump materials. Calculation and comparative analysis of the fatigue resistance of hammermill structures are performed. The need of using an updated hammer with a combined technique of setting on the axis of rotor suspension is justified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sudden closure of a valve during the gravity-driven drainage of the liquid or granular medium causes the backward flow of material and generates a strong backward pressure wave. The phenomenon, which has a strong similarity with classical water hammer, is reported for the first time. Under specific conditions, the formation of the jet is observed at the free surface. The current article presents a detailed computational investigation of the unique phenomenon of backward propagation of materials and jet formation. A detailed comparison of the flow phenomenon for liquid and granular medium of constant bulk density is reported providing a particular emphasis on jet formation in these two cases. Distinct stages of flow dynamics are observed particularly for granular medium. For liquid, the runout time for the jet formation has been quantified analytically to appreciate the energy dissipation. The analytical model also produces good agreement (+10.75%, −8.9%) with the trained model based on numerical results. A detailed parametric study is incorporated for aspect ratio and valve height ratio to characterize and compare the phenomenon for both the flowing medium, − liquid, and granular matter. [Display omitted] • A unique phenomenon of backward flow and jet formation is introduced. • Phenomenon has been compared for Liquid and granular media. • ML-based validation is produced for the mathematical model of multiple jets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Penetrating head injury to accomplish suicide by a non-ammunition-related projectile discharged from a nail-gun is a very rare entity. The authors describe even much rarer, and the first reported case of a suicide penetrating head injury by a construction nail discharged from a blank cartridge of a pistol. The absence of beveling and muzzle impression, the non-ejection of the discharged cartridge, and the exit of just the tip of the nail from the other side of wound were the atypical features in this firearm fatality sustained at a contact-range. The entry wound prototypes like abrasion and grease collar, and blackening were absent. An improvisation to insert a construction nail into the chamber of firearm, for utilization as a projectile was another unique highlight here. The deceased was a construction builder. Being debt-ridden, he probably could not manage to purchase even one live cartridge for his licensee pistol to bring suicidal ideation to culmination. • First report of suicide penetrating head injury by a construction nail projectile discharged from a pistol. • Prototype features of entry wound of a firearm fatality like abrasion and grease collar, blackening, and beveling were characteristically absent. • Absence of muzzle impression in this contact range discharge was highly atypical. • Non-ejection of discharged cartridge and presence of just the tip of nail from exit wound were very atypical. • Improvised insertion of a construction nail used as a projectile to commit suicide by a debt-ridden person was another stark highlight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Başta Almanya olmak üzere Almanca konuşan milletlerin Türklerle ilk ilişkileri tarihi belgelerde M.S. 12. yy.a dayanır. Friedrich Baborassa ile Sultan II. Kılıçaslan’ın karşılaşması bu ilişkilerdeki en önemli somut tarihi göstergedir. Avusturya’da Alman ırkına ait olduğundan aynı tarihlendirme iki ülke için de geçerlidir. İki ülke ilişkilerini belirleyen kaynaklar, savaşlar seyahatnameler, edebi–tarihi eserler ve ülkelerdeki mimari eserler olarak belirlenebilir. Önce Balkanların daha sonra da İstanbul’un fethi ile birlikte bugünkü Avusturya topraklarına zaman zaman Türk akınları yapılmıştır. Macaristan’ın fethinden sonraki en önemli karşılaşmalar I. ve II. Viyana kuşatmaları ile gerçekleşmiştir. Bu süreçlerde iki halk birbirlerini daha yakından tanımış, günümüzde hala olumlu veya olumsuz yargıların oluşmasına zemin oluşturmuştur. Bunların en önemlileri, “Büyük Türk, Deccal, Türk Çanları, Türk vaazları, Türklerle savaşmak, Tanrı ile savaşmaktır, Türk gibi kuvvetli, Yenilmez Türk” gibi geçerliliğini hala koruyan ifadelerdir. Özellikle Viyana kuşatmalarından sonra pek çok edebi türde eserler yayımlanmıştır. Başta tiyatro, opera, halk şarkıları olmak üzere tablolar, müzik aletleri ve besteleri olmak üzere Türkleri olumlu-olumsuz biçimde konu alan eserlerin sayısı oldukça fazladır. Viyana kuşatmalarından kalan tarihi Türk yapımı binalar, çeşmeler, toplar, savaş malzemeleri, çadırlar, daha sonra yapılan heykeller, sokak, park isimleri bu ilişkilerin önemi gösteren diğer olgulardır. Savaş sonrası dinlerini değiştirerek Avusturya’da kalan Türk kökenli Leopolstatter, Neuchrist, Bessermann, Ofner, Weissenburger soyadlı ailelerde bugün halen mevcuttur. Türklerin Avusturya dolayısıyla Avrupa’ya götürdüğü kahve, kahvehane Cafe yarım ay şeklindeki simit Kipsel ve Lale bu ilişkilerde önemli yere sahiptir. Tarihten gelen ön yargıların olmasına rağmen özellikle Türk ve Avusturyalı yazarların iki ülke insanlarını konu alan eserler vermesi, gittikçe artan yabancı düşmanlığını ve tarihten gelen önyargılı bakışı hafifletmektedir. Türkiye’deki Avusturya Lisesi, Kültür Ofisleri ve Avusturya’daki Türk Kültür kurumları, Türkoloji bölümleri sayesinde ilişkiler olumlu yönde ilerlemektedir.

Habsburg ve Osmanlı Devletleri yüzyıllar boyunca siyasi, diplomatik ve kültürel ilişki içinde bulunmuşlardır. 19. yüzyıl ile birlikte Osmanlı topraklarında yaşanan Yunan İsyanı (1821-29) ve Mehmet Ali Paşa İsyanı (1831-41), bir anda tüm Avrupa’nın gündemine oturmuş ve Napolyon’un ardından, bilhassa Metternich’in (1773-1859) büyük çabalarıyla yeniden tesis edilmeye çalışılan Avrupa düzeninde bütün taşları yerinden oynatmıştır. 1815 Kongre Sistemi’ndeki uzlaşı gereği, mevcut Avrupa düzenini muhafaza etme amacıyla, yenilikçi ve ayrılıkçı akımlar ve girişimler karşısında tüm monarşilerin desteklenmesi fikri sebebiyle, bir monarşi olan Osmanlı Devleti de Avrupalı monarşiler tarafından desteklenmelidir. Bu dönemde Metternich’in Osmanlı’dan yana tavır alan devlet politikası Şark siyasetinde önemli bir değişken olmuş ve bu konu siyasi tarihin önemli başlıklarından biri olarak tarihçilerin dikkatini bir hayli çekmiştir. Ancak Metternich’in Osmanlı Devleti’ne dair görüşlerinin nasıl oluştuğu, hangi kaynaklardan beslendiği soruları ise arka planda kalmıştır. Metternich’in kararlarında danışmanı Friedrich von Gentz’in (1764-1832) büyük etkisi bulunmaktadır. Ancak Osmanlı Devleti ile şahsi hiçbir etkileşimi olmamış ve bu konuda eğitimi bulunmayan Gentz’i kim veya kimler bilgilendirmekte ve yönlendirmektedir? Diğer taraftan Habsburg Devleti’nin Şark siyaseti, dönemin şarkiyatçıları tarafından benimsenmekte midir, yoksa eleştirilmekte midir? Tüm bu soruların cevabı için dönemin şarkiyatçılarının konuya bakışlarına, fikir ayrılıklarına ve hatta tartışmalarına bakmak gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada bilhassa Gentz, Anton Prokesch von Osten (1795-1876), Franz von Ottenfels-Gschwind (1778-1851) ve Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall (1774-1856)’in eserlerinden, hatıratlarından ve mektuplarından ve dönemin dergi ve gazetelerinde yayımladıkları siyasi makalelerinden faydalanılarak 19. yüzyılın ilk yarısında Habsburg Devleti’nin Şark siyasetinin perde arkasındaki tartışmalar anlaşılmaya çalışılacaktır.

Layer 6 of Orgnac 3 corresponds to a cave occupation, dated to the end of MIS 9. It yielded numerous lithic and paleontological remains, and witnesses of diverse hominin activities. This paper aims to consider percussive activities from both lithic material and fauna, according to a technological and traceologicalological analysis. Knapping activities are dominant, based on the presence of hammerstones and retouchers (from bone and lithic materials). Recycling phenomena were also highlighted, with cores used as hammerstones. A flake-bulb presents also typical wear marks due to its use as retoucher ("éclat à bulbe piqueté"). These phenomena are usual during the Middle Palaeolithic and are here presented from the first stages of these lithic techno-complexes. Among the shaped pieces, a chopper bears macro-wear marks typical of use in launched percussion on a non-mineral hard material (bone?). Herbivorous remains present anthropic fractures for marrow extraction, diaphysis fragments being further punctually used as retouchers. Percussive activities have an important role in prehistoric lifeways (knapping activities, acquisition and transformation of raw materials linked to subsistence). The diversity of the percussive tool-kit testifies to a technological specialisation, while recycling shows the hominins adaptive skills to their environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the author presents aspects often encountered on construction sites related to management and organization activities when mobile crushers with hammers are used. Cases of good practice are detailed (with aspects of maintenance and selection of appropriate work technology) so that the work is executed on the required deadline, with increased efficiency, and the life span of the technological equipment is maximized. Also, the theme of the work is of interest to specialists in the field of site organization and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After 1886, Nietzsche adopted the criticism by Widmann of his book Beyond Good and Evil: he no longer saw himself as a man, but metaphorically as dynamite. This conception demonstrates the power of Nietzschean philosophy before the truths that it questions. However, it also carries with it the impression of being solely destructive. In one of its most famous symbols, this is even more easily evident. Seen only as an instrument that would break the idols of modernity, Nietzsche’s hammer loses its many meanings, becoming yet another point of misinterpretation that falls on his philosophy. We intend to demonstrate that the Nietzschean hammer is endowed with polysemy and subtlety that show, on the one hand, the creativity and intensity of Nietzsche's syntheses and perspectives, and, on the other, solicit the attention, knowledge and interpretation of its readers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the many types of grinding machines used in enterprises of grain processing, food and other industries, an important place belongs to hammer crushers. This is explained by the possibility of their use for grinding materials of various origins (plant, animal, mineral, as well as various wastes of food production), various particle size distribution (lumpy, briquetted, granular, fibrous), having different strength properties (hard, medium hard, soft, brittle, viscous), capable of being crushed once or requiring double sequential crushing. In addition, hammer crushers are characterized by relative simplicity of design, and most importantly - they destroy materials in the most rational way - by impact loading as a result of two successive strokes: a hammer on a particle and particles on the surface of the deck. The execution of these attacks at right angles creates the conditions for the intensification of the destruction process. However, the wear of the hammers leads to a rounding of their impact faces, which makes the angles of attack in the active zone of the hammers significantly different from the direct one. Under the influence of shock-frictional loads, their working surfaces quickly wear out, which leads to a decrease in productivity and crushing efficiency, to an increase in energy consumption, a disturbance in the balance of hammer rotors, an increase in the vibroacoustic activity of crushers, and other negative consequences The invention of the “Hammer of the crusher” provides for the use of ring-shaped multi-toothed hammers, the durability of which, when using traditional materials and conventional heat treatment, is increased by 4...5 times, eliminates the need for periodic rearrangement of hammers, stabilizes the operation of crushers. The possibility of self-sharpening ring-shaped multi-toothed hammers after reversing the hammer rotor simplifies the maintenance of crushers, eliminates personnel errors when replacing worn hammers. If multi-toothed hammers are subjected to liquid non-electrolysis boration and heat treatment using an optical quantum generator, then their durability can increase by more than ten times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, the author discusses national identity, historical events and national disasters in Great Britain as depicted in horror films. Among the movies are "The Curse of Frankenstein," "The Horror of Dracula," "The Mummy," and "The Curse of the Werewolf." Also cited are the films produced by Hammer Studios, and the 1973 book "A Heritage of Horror" by David Pirie.