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Introduksjon: Hørselstap hos eldre forekommer ofte og det er kjent at utfordringene som oppstår grunnet et hørselstap kan gi problemer for både den eldre og deres nærpersoner. Hvilken støtte den hørselshemmede mottar av nærpersoner, om det er negativt eller positivt, kan ha en stor betydning for om den eldre velger å bruke høreapparater. Det er interessant å se på om en mer familiesentrert tilnærming i hørselsrehabiliteringen vil påvirke høreapparatbruk hos eldre, da det biomedisinske perspektivet tradisjonelt har blitt anvendt i den audiologiske rehabiliteringen. Hensikt: Målet med studien var å utforske på hvilken måte nærpersoner påvirker eldre hørselshemmedes høreapparatbruk i den audiologiske rehabiliteringen. Metode: Vi benyttet litteraturstudie for å svare på problemstillingen vår. Ved å benytte litteraturstudie kan en bruke eksisterende forskning for å anskaffe ny kunnskap. Fem kvalitative og fem kvantitative artikler ble analysert med hensyn til de inkluderingskriteriene vi mente ble avgjørende for å svare på problemstillingen. Resultat: Ikke-audiologiske faktorer som holdninger, stigmatisering og støtte av nærpersoner, samt den audiologiske faktoren grad av hørseltap spiller en stor rolle for eldre hørselshemmede ved søk av hørselshjelp, det å involvere nærpersoner i rehabiliteringsprosessen og høreapparatbruk. I tillegg spiller motivasjon en vesentlig rolle for vellykket høreapparatbruk. Det var en enighet om at nærpersoners involvering har en positiv betydning for den hørselshemmedes høreapparatbruk. Konklusjon: På bakgrunn av funnene i denne studien konkluderer vi med at nærpersoner kan bidra positivt i den audiologiske rehabiliteringen, med tanke på høreapparatbruk for eldre hørselshemmede. Dette vil kunne la seg gjøre dersom audiografer i større grad inkluderer nærpersonene, samt at nærpersoner inkluderer seg selv. Både de ikke-audiologiske faktorene holdninger, stigmatisering og motivasjon, og den audiologiske faktoren grad av hørselstap er alle faktorer som er avgjørende for å søke hørselshjelp og om en blir vellykket høreapparatbruker. Nærpersoner til eldre kan bidra i den audiologiske rehabiliteringen med å motivere til å søke hørselshjelp, minne på å bruke høreapparater, hjelpe den eldre til å kommunisere bedre, huske informasjon og håndteringen av høreapparater. Introduction: Hearing loss often occurs in the elderly generation and it is known that the challenges that arise due to a hearing loss, can cause problems for both the elderly and their significant others. The support the hearing-impaired receives from their significant others, whether it is negative or positive, can have a great impact on whether one chooses to use hearing aids. It is interesting to see whether a more family-centered approach in hearing rehabilitation will affect the use of hearing aids in the elderly generation, as the biomedical perspective traditionally has been used in audiological rehabilitation. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore in what way significant others influence hearing aid use of elderly hearing impaired in the audiological rehabilitation. Design: As a method, we have used literature review to answer our objective. By using a literature review, one can use existing research to acquire new knowledge. Five qualitative and five quantitative articles were analyzed regarding inclusion criteria that we believe are crucial to answer the objective. Result: Non-audiological factors such as attitudes, stigma, and support from significant others, as well as the audiological factor degree of hearing loss, is important for elderly seeking help for a hearing impairment, involvement of significant others and hearing aid use. In addition, motivation plays a significant role for successful hearing aid use. We found that there is an agreement that the involvement of others has a positive effect in the hearing-impaired persons hearing aid use. Conclusion: Based on the findings in this study, we conclude that significant others can contribute positively to the audiological rehabilitation, considering hearing aid use for the elderly hearing impaired. This will be possible if audiologists to a greater extent include the significant others, and the significant others include themselves. Both the non-audiological factors such as attitudes, stigma and motivation, and the audiological factor degree of hearing loss, are all factors that are also crucial for seeking hearing help and successful hearing aid use. Significant others of an elderly can contribute to the audiological rehabilitation by motivating the elderly to seek hearing aids, remember to use the hearing aids, helping the elderly to communicate better, remember information and how to handle the hearing aids.

Background: Evidence-based expertise in nursing and midwifery is growing but is not automatically turned into practice. The importance of implementation research is therefore increasing. International research results on factors facilitating implementation have not yet been sufficiently presented. Objective: This scoping review will explore the findings on successful preparation, realisation and maintenance of interventions in nursing and midwifery. Method: Based on an existing systematic approach, relevant data bases were accessed to identify original studies relating to implementation research in nursing and midwifery. The process of study selection and the characteristics of the included studies were charted. Findings: In the four reviews and 38 studies which met the inclusion criteria, various factors leading to successful implementation are identified. Based on the included studies, four facilitating factors can be pinpointed: (1) workplace culture (16 entries), (2) leadership culture (28 entries), (3) resources (4 entries), and (4) training (22 entries). Depending on the specific phase of the implementation process (preparation, realisation, or maintenance), these factors will vary in importance. Conclusion: This scoping review provides an orientation for the field of implementation research and it maps the design, themes and results of the studies included. It should be noted that few studies take into consideration the relevant theories, as well as the influence that the researchers and the target group may have on the implementation process, or provide an exact description of the setting in which the implementation takes place.

Das geburtshilfliche Phantom dient bereits seit mehr als 300 Jahren der Ausbildung von Fachpersonen in der Geburthilfe (Dörig 2013). Seine Entwicklung wurde in einer Zeit des Notstands an lebenden «Lehrobjekten» vorangetrieben. In diesem Beitrag wird keine Chronologie der jeweiligen Phantome sowie ihrer Entwicklerinnen und Entwickler angestrebt, sondern untersucht, wie der Unterricht am geburtshilflichen Phantom ablief, und gefragt, welche Auswirkung die Übungen am Phantom auf die realen Gebärsituationen haben konnten. Daraus werden Fragen an den Unterricht heute und ein Ausblick auf die Zukunft entwickelt.