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Copyright of Egyptian Journal of Histology is the property of Egyptian Journal of Histology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Skin photoaging is characterized by coarse wrinkles, loss of elasticity and dryness. The worst scenario of ultraviolet (UV) ray exposure can reach up to skin malignant changes. The topical application of growth factors has proven to be effective in ameliorating the photoaging. Among the paracrine products of stem cells are exosomes which also play an important role. Aim of the Work: To investigate the effect of exosomes derived from adipose mesenchymal stem cells on the histological structure of photoaged rat thin skin versus topically applied growth factors. Materials and Methods: Forty-five young adult male albino rats aged between 6 - 8 weeks were used in this study. Animals were subjected to gentle shaving of the hair over the center of their backs and they were randomly classified into four groups. Control group (I), 20 rats were divided into four subgroups (five animals each). Subgroup Ia, animals were left without treatment, Subgroup Ib, animals were injected subcutaneously with 1 ml of Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS) at the shaved areas. Subgroup Ic, shaved areas were topically treated with growth factors gel after micro-needling procedure (Three topical treatments were repeated each one performed every 10 days). Subgroup Id, rats were subcutaneously injected with one dose of purified exosome concentrate containing 300 mg of total protein. Group (II)-(photoaged untreated group), five rats, each was exposed to UVA þ UVB irradiation for two weeks (five days per week) on the shaved areas using UV lamp. Group (III)-(photoaged exosome-treated group), five rats, each was exposed to UVA þ UVB irradiation similar to group II. The animals were injected with one dose of purified exosome concentrate containing 300 mg of total protein subcutaneously at the shaved areas. Group (IV)-(Photoaged and topically treated with growth factors), five rats each was exposed to UVA þ UVB irradiation similar to group II. Then, the animals were treated topically as in subgroup C. The back skin was dissected and processed to prepare sections for light microscopic examination with H&E, Masson's trichrome, Orcein and PAS stains. Immunostaining for KI67and CD31 were done. Morphometric and statistical analysis were performed. Results: Group II revealed significant decrease in the epidermal thickness, hair follicles were scanty and disorganized. Orcein sections showed short fragmented elastic fibers and irregular arrangement of collagen fibers with Masson's trichrome stain. KI67 positive cells was higher than other groups and CD31 was the opposite. Groups III and IV showed marked decrease in the previously mentioned microscopic changes denoting amelioration of the recorded photoaged epidermal and dermal changes. Conclusion: The current study concluded that both exosomes and topically applied Growth factors over three divided doses accompanied with micro-needling have resulted in a significant amelioration of the altered microscopic photoaging changes observed after exposure of the rat thin skin to the UV rays. Furthermore, the improvement was more obvious with the topically applied growth factors compared to one dose of exosomes concentrate. Further studies are recommended using repeated application of exosomes and also in combination with microneedling to stabilize the best protocol for treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperuricemia was linked to diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and oxidative stress, and could be induced by higher fructose consumption through altering energy status in liver. l‐Carnitine is an antioxidant, affecting mitochondria and cellular energetics; however, little is known about its effects in hyperuricemic states. This study investigated metabolic and hepatic effects of hyperuricemia and fructose feeding, and demonstrated the role of l‐Carnitine in such states. Fifty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, untreated hyperuricemic, fructose‐supplemented hyperuricemic, l‐Carnitine‐treated hyperuricemic, and l‐Carnitine‐treated fructose‐supplemented hyperuricemic groups. The separated plasma was used for determination of the glycemic control, lipid profile, liver function tests, uric acid level, and oxidative stress markers. Atherogenic index, HOMA‐IR, and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. Left liver lobe and left kidney specimen from all groups were used for histopathological studies. Hyperuricemic rats exhibited significantly hypoalbuminemia, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress compared to the controls. Fructose‐supplemented hyperuricemic group showed obesity and more deleterious effects, as well as, steatosis, and renal tubular damage compared to the hyperuricemic rats. Concomitant l‐Carnitine treatment with hyperuricemia improved such effects, despite causing adiposity. While combined l‐Carnitine treatment and fructose supplementation in hyperuricemia limited the aggressive hyperuricemic picture of fructose supplementation. It is concluded that hyperuricemia has detrimental metabolic and hepatic effects. Artificial fructose supplementation worsened such effects, while l‐Carnitine was efficient in ameliorating these hyperuricemia and/or excess fructose‐induced hyperuricemia effects, through its anti‐inflammatory, antisteatotic, and antioxidant properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Egyptian Journal of Histology is the property of Egyptian Journal of Histology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Repairing urinary bladder (UB) defect by enterocystoplasty remains the gold standard surgical bladder reconstruction procedure to increase the capacity and compliance of dysfunctional bladders. However, many complications were recorded. Aim of the work: This work aimed to compare the consequences of reconstruction of urinary bladder defect using untreated small intestinal submucosal (SIS) matrix versus seeded and unseeded decellularized SIS matrix. Material and Methods: Fifty female albino rats were used in this study. The animals were divided into three groups: Group I (Control) included ten adult rats from which ileal tissue was obtained. Group II included ten adult rats in which their UB defect was repaired by untreated cellular SIS. Group III included twenty adult rats that were subdivided into two subgroups, 10 rats each; Subgroup IIIA where rats had their UB defect repaired by acellular SIS and subgroup IIIb where rats had their UB defect repaired by acellular SIS seeded with adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs).Ten young rats were used for preparation of AMSCs. Morphometric and statistical analysis were also performed. Results: In rats where UB defect was repaired by untreated cellular SIS, the graft area showed loss of epithelial polarity, presence of intraepithelial cysts and occasional extension of urothelium to the outer surface forming fistula. There were areas of metaplasia with the appearance PAS positive cells. In the lamina propria, there was areas of lymphocytic infiltration together with significant increase in the collagen fiber deposition (p<0.05). There was a significant decrease thickness of muscle layer as compared to control (p<0.05). In rats where UB defect was repaired by acellular SIS, urothelium in the graft area showed occasional squamous metaplasia and often the urothelium extended to the deeper layers forming Brunn’s nest. There was minimal muscle regeneration in the graft area. However, in rats where UB defect was repaired by acellular SIS seeded with AMSCs, the urothelium in the graft area was nearly similar to control group with uniform urothelium thickness, minimal collagen fibers deposition and thick muscle layer that showed no significant difference from the control (p>0.05). Conclusion: Acellular SIS seeded with AMSCs showed better results compared to non-seeded and cellular SIS in reconstructing urinary bladder defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Periosteum is a specialized highly vascularized connective tissue that is formed of an external fibrous layer containing collagen fibers and micro vessels and an inner cambium layer that facing the bone. Cambium layer includes periosteum derived progenitor cells (PDPCs) which have osteochondrogenic potential both in vitro and in vivo and act as major players in bone development and fracture healing. Periosteum derived progenitor cells display properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), including clonogenicity, phenotypic marker expression, and ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. So, they are recognized to be essential for the initiation of bone graft healing and remodeling, but their clinical application is still limited due to inaccessibility. The aim of the present study is isolation, culture and characterization of rabbit’s PDPCs. Methods: twenty-five adult female rabbits were used to harvest periosteal samples. Cell cultures were obtained by migration of cells from periosteal fragments (explant culture). Immunostaining of the cells of PDPCs in subculture (third passage) was performed. Result: On day three of primary culture, the PDPCs were not started to migrate from the periosteal explant edges. However, on day six of primary culture, few spindle PDPCs cells appeared at the edge of explant. on day 20 of primary culture, PDPCs were mostly confluent ( about 9095%) . Immunostaining of PDPCs in subculture (third passage) showed positive brownish reaction of the branched cells for CD105 and CD44 and negative immune reaction for both CD34 and CD45. Conclusion: The current study yielded isolation and cultured of female rabbit Periosteal derived progenitor cells. Periosteal derived stem cells are display properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), including clonogenicity, phenotypic marker expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]