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6. The impact of study habits and personal factors on the academic achievement performances of medical students

Author

Mohammed A. Aljaffer, Ahmad H. Almadani, Abdullah S. AlDughaither, Ali A. Basfar, Saad M. AlGhadir, Yahya A. AlGhamdi, Bassam N. AlHubaysh, Osamah A. AlMayouf, Saleh A. AlGhamdi, Tauseef Ahmad, and Hamza M. Abdulghani

Subjects
Medical students, Study habits, Academic achievement, Saudi Arabia, Special aspects of education, LC8-6691, Medicine
Abstract

Abstract Background Academic achievement is essential for all students seeking a successful career. Studying habits and routines is crucial in achieving such an ultimate goal. Objectives This study investigates the association between study habits, personal factors, and academic achievement, aiming to identify factors that distinguish academically successful medical students. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at the College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The participants consisted of 1st through 5th-year medical students, with a sample size of 336. The research team collected study data using an electronic questionnaire containing three sections: socio-demographic data, personal characteristics, and study habits. Results The study results indicated a statistically significant association between self-fulfillment as a motivation toward studying and academic achievement (p = 0.04). The results also showed a statistically significant correlation between recalling recently memorized information and academic achievement (p = 0.05). Furthermore, a statistically significant association between preferring the information to be presented in a graphical form rather than a written one and academic achievement was also found (p = 0.03). Students who were satisfied with their academic performance had 1.6 times greater chances of having a high-grade point average (OR = 1.6, p = 0.08). Conclusion The results of this study support the available literature, indicating a correlation between study habits and high academic performance. Further multicenter studies are warranted to differentiate between high-achieving students and their peers using qualitative, semi-structured interviews. Educating the students about healthy study habits and enhancing their learning skills would also be of value.

Published
2024
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7. Seroprevalence of brucellosis among high-risk individuals in Madinah, Saudi Arabia

Author

Mustafa A. Najim, Yahya A. Almutawif, Hamza M. A. Eid, Amjad M. Yousuf, Hazem A. Alahmadi, Muath E. Alharbi, Ziad O Aljabri, Hatim M. Makhdoom, Mohammed S. Yoniss, Ibrahim H.A. Abd El-Rahim, and Amer Alshengeti

Subjects
brucella igg, brucella igm, brucellosis, madinah, serological assays, undulant fever, zoonosis, Animal culture, SF1-1100, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Background and Aim: Brucellosis is a highly contagious, neglected zoonotic disease of major importance worldwide. The disease is endemic in many countries, burdening healthcare systems and the livestock industry and representing a persistent public health concern in these countries. Brucellosis is considered an important occupational hazard for livestock workers. Limited studies have investigated human brucellosis in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of brucellosis among employees of high-risk brucellosis professions, including veterinarians, animal herders, and abattoir workers in Madinah, Saudi Arabia, and to determine the associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Madinah, Saudi Arabia, during the period of January–March 2023. Ninety blood samples were collected from individuals occupationally at risk of exposure to Brucella infections. Serum samples were examined for immunoglobulins (Ig)M and IgG antibodies against Brucella using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Before sample collection, a predesigned online questionnaire was used to collect the participants’ sociodemographic characteristics and the probable risk factors for human brucellosis. A Chi-square test was used to compare the differences among groups; p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Among the 90 participants among the high-risk individuals, Brucella IgM and IgG seropositivity were found in 8 (8.8%) and 11 (12.12%) cases, respectively. IgM mono antibody positivity was observed in 4 (4.44%) and 7 (7.77%) of the study population who tested positive for IgG only. Dual positivity for IgM and IgG antibodies was observed in 4 (4.44%) participants. No significant association was determined between seropositivity and age, urbanicity, education, occupation, and duration of exposure (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Brucellosis is a high-risk occupational disease among workers with close contact with livestock. This study demonstrates that the seroprevalence of brucellosis among occupationally high-risk individuals in Madinah, Saudi Arabia, is relatively low compared to other countries in the region. Nevertheless, educational programs should be implemented to improve knowledge regarding brucellosis, particularly among high-risk individuals.

Published
2024
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9. A non-targeted metabolomics comparative study on plasma of pfizer and sinopharm COVID-19 vaccinated individuals, assessed by (TIMS-QTOF) mass spectrometry

Author

Haneen I. Abufares, Ruba A. Zenati, Nelson C. Soares, Waseem El-Huneidi, Lina A. Dahabiyeh, Hamza M. Al-Hroub, Mohammad A.Y. Alqudah, Ahmad Y. Abuhelwa, Karem H. Alzoubi, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Wafa' Jehad Haza, Mohammad A. Fararjeh, Bashaer Abu-Irmaileh, Yasser Bustanji, and Mohammad H. Semreen

Subjects
Metabolomics, Pfizer, Sinopharm, LC-MS, Immunity, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

COVID-19 is a highly contagious infectious disease that has posed a global threat, leading to a widespread pandemic characterized by multi-organ complications and failures. Aims: The present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of Pfizer and Sinopharm vaccines on metabolomic changes and their correlations with immune pathways. Main methods: The study used a cross-sectional design and implemented an untargeted metabolomics-based approach. Plasma samples were obtained from three groups: non-vaccinated participants, Sinopharm-vaccinated participants, and Pfizer-vaccinated participants. Comparative metabolomic analysis was conducted using TIMS-QTOF, and multiple t-tests with a 5 % false discovery rate (FDR) were performed using MetaboAnalyst software. Key findings: Out of the 105 metabolites detected, 72 showed statistically significant changes (p-value < 0.05) across the different groups. Notably, several metabolites such as neopterin, pyridoxal, and syringic acid were markedly altered in individuals vaccinated with Pfizer. Conversely, in the Sinopharm-vaccinated group, significant alterations were observed in sphinganine, neopterin, and sphingosine. These metabolites hold potential as biomarkers for evaluating vaccine efficacy. Additionally, both Pfizer and Sinopharm vaccinations were found to influence sphingolipid and histidine metabolisms compared to the control group. The Sinopharm group also displayed changes in lysine degradation relative to the control group. When comparing the enriched pathways between the Pfizer and Sinopharm-vaccinated groups, differences were observed in purine metabolism. Furthermore, alterations in tryptophan and vitamin B6 metabolism were noted when comparing the Pfizer-vaccinated group with both the control and Sinopharm-vaccinated groups. Significance: These findings highlight the importance of metabolomics in assessing vaccine effectiveness and identifying potential biomarkers for monitoring the efficacy of newly developed vaccines in a shorter timeframe.

Published
2024
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10. The novel adrenergic agonist ATR-127 targets skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue to tackle diabesity and steatohepatitis

Author

Emanuela Talamonti, Jelena Davegardh, Anastasia Kalinovich, Sten M.M. van Beek, Nodi Dehvari, Carina Halleskog, Hamza M. Bokhari, Dana S. Hutchinson, Seungmin Ham, Laura J. Humphrys, Nicola C. Dijon, Aikaterini Motso, Anna Sandstrom, Evelyn Zacharewicz, Ilga Mutule, Edgars Suna, Jana Spura, Karolina Ditrychova, Leigh A. Stoddart, Nicholas D. Holliday, Shane C. Wright, Volker M. Lauschke, Soren Nielsen, Camilla Scheele, Elizabeth Cheesman, Joris Hoeks, Peter Molenaar, Roger J. Summers, Benjamin Pelcman, Gopala K. Yakala, and Tore Bengtsson

Subjects
Obesity, Type 2 diabetes, β-Adrenergic agonists, Hepatic steatosis, Skeletal muscle, Internal medicine, RC31-1245
Abstract

Objective: Simultaneous activation of β2- and β3-adrenoceptors (ARs) improves whole-body metabolism via beneficial effects in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Nevertheless, high-efficacy agonists simultaneously targeting these receptors whilst limiting activation of β1-ARs – and thus inducing cardiovascular complications – are currently non-existent. Therefore, we here developed and evaluated the therapeutic potential of a novel β2-and β3-AR, named ATR-127, for the treatment of obesity and its associated metabolic perturbations in preclinical models. Methods: In the developmental phase, we assessed the impact of ATR-127's on cAMP accumulation in relation to the non-selective β-AR agonist isoprenaline across various rodent β-AR subtypes, including neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Following these experiments, L6 muscle cells were stimulated with ATR-127 to assess the impact on GLUT4-mediated glucose uptake and intramyocellular cAMP accumulation. Additionally, in vitro, and in vivo assessments are conducted to measure ATR-127's effects on BAT glucose uptake and thermogenesis. Finally, diet-induced obese mice were treated with 5 mg/kg ATR-127 for 21 days to investigate the effects on glucose homeostasis, body weight, fat mass, skeletal muscle glucose uptake, BAT thermogenesis and hepatic steatosis. Results: Exposure of L6 muscle cells to ATR-127 robustly enhanced GLUT4-mediated glucose uptake despite low intramyocellular cAMP accumulation. Similarly, ATR-127 markedly increased BAT glucose uptake and thermogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Prolonged treatment of diet-induced obese mice with ATR-127 dramatically improved glucose homeostasis, an effect accompanied by decreases in body weight and fat mass. These effects were paralleled by an enhanced skeletal muscle glucose uptake, BAT thermogenesis, and improvements in hepatic steatosis. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that ATR-127 is a highly effective, novel β2- and β3-ARs agonist holding great therapeutic promise for the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities, whilst potentially limiting cardiovascular complications. As such, the therapeutic effects of ATR-127 should be investigated in more detail in clinical studies.

Published
2024
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11. Proteomic and metabolomic profiling of methicillin resistant versus methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus using a simultaneous extraction protocol

Author

Syrine Boucherabine, Alexander Giddey, Rania Nassar, Hamza M. Al-Hroub, Lobna Mohamed, Mohammad Harb, Nelson Cruz Soares, and Abiola Senok

Subjects
proteomics, metabolomics, mass spectrometry, Staphylococcus aureus, gram positive bacteria, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

BackgroundUnderstanding the biology of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is crucial to unlocking insights for new targets in our fight against this antimicrobial resistant priority pathogen. Although proteomics and metabolomic profiling offer the potential to elucidating such biological markers, reports of methodological approaches for carrying this out in S. aureus isolates remain limited. We describe the use of a dual-functionality methanol extraction method for the concurrent extraction of protein and metabolites from S. aureus and report on the comparative analysis of the proteomic and metabolomic profiles of MRSA versus methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA).MethodsBacterial reference strains MRSA ATCC43300 and MSSA ATCC25923 were used. The conventional urea methodology was used for protein extraction and a methanol based method was used for concurrent proteins and metabolites extraction. Proteomic and metabolomic profiling was carried out using TimsTOF mass spectrometry. Data processing was carried out using the MaxQuant version 2.1.4.0.ResultsThis study represents the first report on the utilization of the methanol extraction method for concurrent protein and metabolite extraction in Gram positive bacteria. Our findings demonstrate good performance of the method for the dual extraction of proteins and metabolites from S. aureus with demonstration of reproducibility. Comparison of MRSA and MSSA strains revealed 407 proteins with significantly different expression levels. Enrichment analysis of those proteins revealed distinct pathways involved in fatty acid degradation, metabolism and beta-lactam resistance. Penicillin-binding protein PBP2a, the key determinant of MRSA resistance, exhibited distinct expression patterns in MRSA isolates. Metabolomic analysis identified 146 metabolites with only one exclusive to the MRSA. The enriched pathways identified were related to arginine metabolism and biosynthesis.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the methanol-based dual-extraction method, providing simultaneous insights into the proteomic and metabolomic landscapes of S. aureus strains. These findings demonstrate the utility of proteomic and metabolomic profiling for elucidating the biological basis of antimicrobial resistance.

Published
2024
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14. Meat and meat products as potential sources of emerging MDR Bacillus cereus: groEL gene sequencing, toxigenic and antimicrobial resistance

Author

Abdelazeem M. Algammal, Hamza M. Eid, Saad Alghamdi, Hanaa Ghabban, Roba Alatawy, Enas A. Almanzalawi, Tahani M. Alqahtani, Sabreen G. Elfouly, Gihan M. Mohammed, Helal F. Hetta, and Reham M. El-Tarabili

Subjects
MDR B. cereus, Meat and meat products, Resistance patterns, Toxigenic genes, Resistance genes, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Abstract Background Bacillus cereus is implicated in severe foodborne infection in humans. This study intended to assess the occurrence, groEL gene sequencing, biofilm production, and resistance profiles of emerged multidrug resistant (MDR) B. cereus in meat and meat product samples. Moreover, this work highlights the virulence and toxigenic genes (hblABCD complex, nheABC complex, cytK, ces, and pc-plc) and antimicrobial resistance genes (bla1, tetA, bla2, tetB, and ermA). Methods Consequently, 200 samples (sausage, minced meat, luncheon, beef meat, and liver; n = 40 for each) were indiscriminately collected from commercial supermarkets in Port Said Province, Egypt, from March to May 2021. Subsequently, food samples were bacteriologically examined. The obtained isolates were tested for groEL gene sequence analysis, antibiotic susceptibility, biofilm production, and PCR screening of toxigenic and resistance genes. Results The overall prevalence of B. cereus among the inspected food samples was 21%, where the highest predominance was detected in minced meat (42.5%), followed by beef meat (30%). The phylogenetic analysis of the groEL gene exposed that the examined B. cereus strain disclosed a notable genetic identity with other strains from the USA and China. Moreover, the obtained B. cereus strains revealed β-hemolytic activity, and 88.1% of the recovered strains tested positive for biofilm production. PCR evidenced that the obtained B. cereus strains usually inherited the nhe complex genes (nheA and nheC: 100%, and nheB: 83.3%), followed by cytK (76.2%), hbl complex (hblC and hblD: 59.5%, hblB: 16.6%, and hblA: 11.9%), ces (54.7%), and pc-plc (30.9%) virulence genes. Likewise, 42.9% of the examined B. cereus strains were MDR to six antimicrobial classes and encoded bla1, bla2, ermA, and tetA genes. Conclusion In summary, this study highlights the presence of MDR B. cereus in meat and meat products, posing a significant public health risk. The contamination by B. cereus is common in minced meat and beef meat. The molecular assay is a reliable fundamental tool for screening emerging MDR B. cereus strains in meat and meat products.

Published
2024
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15. Evaluating the Sensitivity of Different Molecular Techniques for Detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Patients with Pulmonary Infection

Author

Hemeg Hassan A., Albulushi Hamzah O., Ozbak Hani A., Ali Hamza M., Alahmadi Emad K., Almutawif Yahya A., Alhuofie Sari T., Alaeq Rana A., Alhazmi Areej A., Najim Mustafa A., and Hanafy Ahmed M.

Subjects
mtb-complex, is6110, drug resistance, mutations, multiplex-pcr, Genetics, QH426-470, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of detecting drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC)-specific DNA in sputum specimens from 48 patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. The presence of MTBC DNA in the specimens was validated using the GeneXpert MTB/RIF system and compared with a specific PCR assay targeting the IS6110 and the mtp40 gene sequence fragments. Additionally, the results obtained by multiplex PCR assays to detect the most frequently encountered rifampin, isoniazid, and ethambutol resistance-conferring mutations were matched with those obtained by GeneXpert and phenotypic culture-based drug susceptibility tests. Of the 48 sputum samples, 25 were positive for MTBC using the GeneXpert MTB/RIF test. Nevertheless, the IS6110 and mtp40 single-step PCR revealed the IS6110 in 27 of the 48 sputum samples, while the mtp40 gene fragment was found in only 17 of them. Furthermore, multiplex PCR assays detected drug-resistant conferring mutations in 21 (77.8%) of the 27 samples with confirmed MTBC DNA, 10 of which contained single drug-resistant conferring mutations towards ethambutol and two towards rifampin, and the remaining nine contained double-resistant mutations for ethambutol and rifampin. In contrast, only five sputum specimens (18.5%) contained drug-resistant MTBC isolates, and two contained mono-drug-resistant MTBC species toward ethambutol and rifampin, respectively, and the remaining three were designated as multi-drug resistant toward both drugs using GeneXpert and phenotypic culture-based drug susceptibility tests. Such discrepancies in the results emphasize the need to develop novel molecular tests that associate with phenotypic non-DNA-based assays to improve the detection of drug-resistant isolates in clinical specimens in future studies.

Published
2023
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16. Refined estimates of the blow-up profile for a strongly perturbed semilinear wave equations in one space dimension

Author

Hamza, M. A. and Saidi, Omar

Subjects
Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs
Abstract

We consider in this paper a class of strongly perturbed semilinear wave equations with a non-characteristic point in one space dimension, for general initial data. Working in the framework of similarity variables, in \cite {MZ} Merle and Zaag constructed an explicit stationary solution of the unperturbed problem and proved an exponential convergence to this family of solutions. If we follow the same strategy under our strongly perturbed equation we just obtain a polynomial convergence which is a rough estimate compared to the one obtained in the unperturbed problem. In order to refine this approximation, we constructed an implicit solution to the perturbed problem which approaches the stationary solutions of the unperturbed problem and we prove the exponential convergence to this prescribed blow-up profile., Comment: 58 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1306.4837, arXiv:1612.05427 by other authors

Published
2021

17. A non-targeted metabolomics comparative study on plasma of pfizer and sinopharm COVID-19 vaccinated individuals, assessed by (TIMS-QTOF) mass spectrometry

Author

Abufares, Haneen I., Zenati, Ruba A., Soares, Nelson C., El-Huneidi, Waseem, Dahabiyeh, Lina A., Al-Hroub, Hamza M., Alqudah, Mohammad A.Y., Abuhelwa, Ahmad Y., Alzoubi, Karem H., Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Haza, Wafa' Jehad, Fararjeh, Mohammad A., Abu-Irmaileh, Bashaer, Bustanji, Yasser, and Semreen, Mohammad H.

Published
2024
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18. The novel adrenergic agonist ATR-127 targets skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue to tackle diabesity and steatohepatitis

Author

Talamonti, Emanuela, Davegardh, Jelena, Kalinovich, Anastasia, van Beek, Sten M.M., Dehvari, Nodi, Halleskog, Carina, Bokhari, Hamza M., Hutchinson, Dana S., Ham, Seungmin, Humphrys, Laura J., Dijon, Nicola C., Motso, Aikaterini, Sandstrom, Anna, Zacharewicz, Evelyn, Mutule, Ilga, Suna, Edgars, Spura, Jana, Ditrychova, Karolina, Stoddart, Leigh A., Holliday, Nicholas D., Wright, Shane C., Lauschke, Volker M., Nielsen, Soren, Scheele, Camilla, Cheesman, Elizabeth, Hoeks, Joris, Molenaar, Peter, Summers, Roger J., Pelcman, Benjamin, Yakala, Gopala K., and Bengtsson, Tore

Published
2024
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21. Free sugar intake is associated with reduced proportion of circulating invariant natural killer T cells among women experiencing overweight and obesity

Author

Renad M. Alhamawi, Yahya A. Almutawif, Bushra H. Aloufi, Jory F. Alotaibi, Manar F. Alharbi, Nura M. Alsrani, Razan M. Alinizy, Waad S. Almutairi, Wed A. Alaswad, Hamza M. A. Eid, and Walaa A. Mumena

Subjects
free sugar intake, smoking, physical activity, weight status, central obesity, iNKT cells, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

BackgroundHigher prevalence of obesity has been observed among women compared to men, which can be explained partly by the higher consumption of sweets and physical inactivity. Obesity can alter immune cell infiltration, and therefore increase the susceptibility to develop chronic inflammation and metabolic disorders. In this study, we aimed to explore the association between free sugar intake and other unhealthy lifestyle habits in relation to the proportion of circulating iNKT cells among women with healthy weight and women experiencing overweight and obesity.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 51 Saudi women > 18 years, wherein their daily free sugar intake was assessed using the validated Food Frequency Questionnaire. Data on smoking status, physical activity, and supplement use were also collected. Anthropometric data including height, weight, waist circumference were objectively measured from each participants. The proportion of circulating iNKT cells was determined using flow cytometry.ResultsSmoking, physical activity, supplement use, and weight status were not associated with proportion of circulating iNKT cells. Significant association was found between proportion of circulating iNKT cells and total free sugar intake and free sugar intake coming from solid food sources only among women experiencing overweight and obesity (Beta: -0.10: Standard Error: 0.04 [95% Confidence Interval: -0.18 to -0.01], p= 0.034) and (Beta: -0.15: Standard Error: 0.05 [95% Confidence Interval: -0.25 to -0.05], p= 0.005), respectively.ConclusionExcessive free sugar consumption may alter iNKT cells and consequently increase the risk for chronic inflammation and metabolic disorders.

Published
2024
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22. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial uropathogens among adult patients in Madinah, Saudi Arabia

Author

Yahya A. Almutawif and Hamza M. A. Eid

Subjects
UTI, Prevalence, Bacteria, Uropathogens, Antimicrobial susceptibility test, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Urinary tract infection (UTI) is considered one of the most prevalent infections that may lead to many renal complications. They account for almost 10% of all infections in Saudi Arabia, making them the second most common cause of emergency department admissions. Bacterial pathogens, primarily Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterococcus spp., Proteus spp., and Staphylococcus spp. are the most causative agents of UTI. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of uropathogens in adult patients from Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed using data collected from patients who visited King Fahad General Hospital in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Data included 16,803 urine bacterial cultures and their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles collected between January 2019 and October 2021. Results Among the 16,803 tested samples, 3937 (23.4%) showed positive results for urine bacterial cultures. UTI prevalence was slightly higher in women (52.1%) than men (47.9%). Escherichia coli (29.8%) was the most prevalent, followed by Klebsiella spp. (23.2%) and Pseudomonas spp. (8.4%). As for Gram-positive bacteria, Enterococcus spp. (10.8%) were most common, followed by Streptococcus spp. (8%) and Staphylococcus spp. (3.3%). Gram-negative bacteria exhibited high resistance rates toward aztreonam (> 83.3%), ampicillin (78.8%), and cephalexin (68.5%). Enterococcus spp. displayed elevated resistance rates (> 62.3%) against ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and tetracycline. Conversely, Streptococcus spp. showed substantial resistance rates (> 76.6%) toward colistin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Conclusion To optimize therapy and minimize the risk of multidrug-resistant uropathogenic infections, physicians should consider the local epidemiological trends and antimicrobial resistance patterns of prevalent uropathogens prior to initiating any empirical antibacterial therapy.

Published
2023
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29. CURING CONDITIONS IMPACT THE PROPERTIES OF A MODIFIED GEOPOLYMER MORTAR

Author

Rusul Jabbar and Hamza M. Kamal

Subjects
Geopolymer, Mortar, Compressive Strength, Silica Fume, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract

The present work provides an experimental study for preparing eco-friendly geopolymer mortar based on ground granulated blasted furnace slags with good mechanical properties and durability. This work studied the effect of silica fume reactive powder as a replacement material for slag weight with constant weight ratios of 20% on geopolymer mortar’s mechanical tests. The geopolymer mixtures were prepared with (15M) NaOH solution and a (2.5:1) ratio of (Na2SiO3/NaOH). The samples were cured at ambient conditions at different times of 7 and 28 days and a high temperature of 70°C in a furnace for three hours. It was found from the obtained results that silica fume played a vital role in improving all these properties by enhancing the degree of the silicate ion geopolymerization reaction in the alkaline solution. In addition, the curing process greatly impacted the geopolymers’ features. The properties improve significantly with increasing the curing time and temperature, especially when cured at high temperatures, compared to ambient curing.

Published
2024
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30. Serum multi-omics analysis in hindlimb unloading mice model: Insights into systemic molecular changes and potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers

Author

Zeinab Ibrahim, Naveed A. Khan, Rizwan Qaisar, Mohamed A. Saleh, Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui, Hamza M. Al-Hroub, Alexander D. Giddey, Mohammad Harb Semreen, Nelson C. Soares, and Adel B. Elmoselhi

Subjects
Hindlimb unloading, Cardiovascular, Skeletal muscle, Deconditioning, Metabolomic, Proteomic, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

Microgravity, in space travel and prolonged bed rest conditions, induces cardiovascular deconditioning along with skeletal muscle mass loss and weakness. The findings of microgravity research may also aid in the understanding and treatment of human health conditions on Earth such as muscle atrophy, and cardiovascular diseases. Due to the paucity of biomarkers and the unknown underlying mechanisms of cardiovascular and skeletal muscle deconditioning in these environments, there are insufficient diagnostic and preventative measures. In this study, we employed hindlimb unloading (HU) mouse model, which mimics astronauts in space and bedridden patients, to first evaluate cardiovascular and skeletal muscle function, followed by proteomics and metabolomics LC-MS/MS-based analysis using serum samples. Three weeks of unloading caused changes in the function of the cardiovascular system in c57/Bl6 mice, as seen by a decrease in mean arterial pressure and heart weight. Unloading for three weeks also changed skeletal muscle function, causing a loss in grip strength in HU mice and atrophy of skeletal muscle indicated by a reduction in muscle mass. These modifications were partially reversed by a two-week recovery period of reloading condition, emphasizing the significance of the recovery process. Proteomics analysis revealed 12 dysregulated proteins among the groups, such as phospholipid transfer protein, Carbonic anhydrase 3, Parvalbumin alpha, Major urinary protein 20 (Mup20), Thrombospondin-1, and Apolipoprotein C-IV. On the other hand, metabolomics analysis showed altered metabolites among the groups such as inosine, hypoxanthine, xanthosine, sphinganine, l-valine, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol, and l-Glutamic acid. The joint data analysis revealed that HU conditions mainly impacted pathways such as ABC transporters, complement and coagulation cascades, nitrogen metabolism, and purine metabolism. Overall, our results indicate that microgravity environment induces significant alterations in the function, proteins, and metabolites of these mice. These observations suggest the potential utilization of these proteins and metabolites as novel biomarkers for assessing and mitigating cardiovascular and skeletal muscle deconditioning associated with such conditions.

Published
2024
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31. Unbiased Estimation of the Solution to Zakai's Equation

Author

Ruzayqat, Hamza M. and Jasra, Ajay

Subjects
Mathematics - Numerical Analysis, Statistics - Computation, 65C05, 65C35, 82C80, 93E11, 60G35
Abstract

In the following article we consider the non-linear filtering problem in continuous-time and in particular the solution to Zakai's equation or the normalizing constant. We develop a methodology to produce finite variance, almost surely unbiased estimators of the solution to Zakai's equation. That is, given access to only a first order discretization of solution to the Zakai equation, we present a method which can remove this discretization bias. The approach, under assumptions, is proved to have finite variance and is numerically compared to using a particular multilevel Monte Carlo method., Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures

Published
2020

34. Abstract 285: Intraventricular And Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Secondary To Arteriovenous Malformation, A Diagnostic Neurologic Manifestation Of Osler‐Weber‐Rendu Disease

Author

Hamza M. Ahmed, Jessica V. Amos, Philion L. Gatchoff, Jonathan L. Garcia‐Ramiu, and Jorge G. Ortiz‐Garcia

Subjects
Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Introduction Osler‐Weber‐Rendu disease, also known as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HTT), is a developmental vascular disease characterized by multiple arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) due to genetic defects in endothelial angiogenesis pathways. HHT is a clinical diagnosis based on the fulfillment of the Curacao Diagnostic Criteria, including involvement of internal organs with AVMs, significant recurrent nosebleeds, telangiectasias, and family history of HHT. HHT has a prevalence of 1.5 to 2 people/10,000, although this is considered a falsely low representation due to missed diagnosis and variable penetrance. Autosomal dominantly inherited heterozygous mutations disrupt the TGF‐beta‐mediated pathways causing aberrant blood vessel development with fragility and AVM formation. There are two forms of HHT: (HHT1) has a higher incidence in women and typically involves pulmonary and cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM). Mutations in the endoglin gene are thought to be responsible for HTT1 and comprise approximately 61% of the cases. HTT2 is associated with a higher rate of liver AVMs, involves a mutation in Activin A Receptor‐Like Type 1 (ACVRL1), and is responsible for approximately 37% of cases. Other genetic mutations include SMAD4 and GDF2, which are transmitter and binding proteins and occur about 2% of the time. Methods Case report and review of literature Results Case:A 52‐year‐old woman with a large frontoparietal arteriovenous malformation originally found at the age of 17, with a history of frequent epistaxis, mucocutaneous telangiectasias and two children with epistaxis and telangiectasias. Her diagnosis of HHT was made at her third hjospitalization due to a non‐traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. A Chest CT angiography and a CT angiography of the intra and extracranial vasculature demonstrated an extensive right holohemispheric cerebral AVM, an unruptured 8‐mm basilar artery aneurysm, and multiple enlarged pulmonary arteries with narrow inlet and outlets concerning for pulmonary AVMs. A subsequent digital subtraction angiogram (DSA) of the brain confirmed the extensive holohemispheric AVM, unruptured basilar artery aneurism with subarachnoid hemorrhage originating from the AVM. On examination she had multiple lingual, and hard/soft palate telangiectasias and an extensive anterior pedal telangiectasia. Given the heavy cerebral AVM burden with multiple cerebral artery feeders, the AVM angiosclerosis and basilar artery aneurysm embolization were deferred. The patient proceeded under medical management alone with a plan for personal and familial genetic testing. Conclusion HHT is a rare cause of cerebral AVMs at high risk of spontaneous bleeding. Managing these AVMs can be a challenge, given the extent and location of these. However, diagnosis of HHT can inform prognosis and guide medical management due to improved prognosis for HHT‐related AVMs and aneurysms compared to non‐HHT AVMs.

Published
2023
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35. Abstract 163: Total Spinal Cord Infarction, An Underrecognized Postoperative Complication

Author

Hamza M. Ahmed, Jonathan L. Garcia‐Ramiu, Raman V. Singh, and Ahmad Al‐Awwad

Subjects
Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Introduction Spinal cord infarctions (SCI) are scarce entities, constituting only 0.3‐1% of all strokes, with complete or posterior spinal cord involvement detailed in the case below being even rarer. Often caused by sudden interruption of blood flow to the spinal cord due to embolic phenomena, intrinsic factors such as connective tissue disease, and due to intra/post‐operative hypotension leading to ischemia or infarction. The resultant acute spinal cord dysfunction manifests as; motor weakness, loss of senses of pain and temperature, altered proprioception, bowel and bladder dysfunction Spinal blood supply comprises of the anterior spinal artery (ASA) and the two posterior spinal arteries, with supply to the spinal arteries being derived from various regional arteries: C1‐T3 is supplied by the vertebral arteries, T3‐T7 is served by a branch from the intercostal arteries, and the Adamkiewicz artery supplies T8 to the medullary conus. The thoracolumbar level is primarily supplied by only a small number of radicular arteries, originating from segmental branches of the aorta, specifically the posterior intercostal and lumbar branches, which extend towards the intervertebral foramina where they split into the anterior and posterior radicular arteries. The largest radicular artery, commonly referred to as the arteria radicularis magna of Adamkiewicz (or main anterior radicular artery), typically arises on the left between T9 and T12, but may be located on the right or emerge anywhere from T5 to L4 in approximately 17% of cases. This extensive segment of the spinal cord only is typically supplied by only two or three small radicular branches, occuring between the lower cervical and mid‐to‐lower thoracic levels, making it a watershed zone. Methods Case report and literature review Results 73‐year‐old woman with history of hypertension, long‐term smoking, extensive peripheral vascular disease, R lung cancer (in remission after 3 rounds of radiation, and newly diagnosed calcified heterogeneous left renal mass concerning for malignancy status‐post right femoral access with embolization of left lumbar arteries at the level of L1‐L3 with 800 micrometer particles and tungsten‐platinum coils on 12/19/22), transferred from a surgical center on 12/21/22 for post‐operative paraparesis (R›L), paresthesia , urinary retention, and constipation initially thought to be post‐anesthetic effects. MRI T and L spine with and without contrast demonstrated diffusion restriction from the level of T10 to the conus suggestive of anterior and posterior spinal cord infarct, thought to be in the setting of recent embolization with extensive atherosclerotic burden. Neurological exam significant for lower extremity paraparesis ( R 2/5 , L 3/5) with T10 sensory level to pin‐prick and temperature, hyporeflexia, and absent proprioception in bilateral lower extremities. Full dose aspirin and high intensity statin was started with patient managed conservatively due to presentation outside window for thrombolysis. Conclusion Spinal cord infarcts typically present with motor weakness due to ASA occlusion however, sensory level and proprioceptive loss as accompanying factors are important considerations to rule in total cord (anterior + posterior) infarcts, especially in post‐op patients undergoing thoraco‐lumbar access/embolization as earlier recognition may make them eligible for treatments such as thrombolysis.

Published
2023
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36. Abstract 265: A Curious Case Of Acute Binocular Diplopia, Ischemic Stroke Of The Interstitial Nucleus Of Cajal

Author

Hamza M. Ahmed and Ahmad Al‐Awwad

Subjects
Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Introduction The nuclei in the periaqueductal gray of the midbrain are critical structures that coordinate and control vertical and torsional gaze, as well as crucial components of the vestibulo‐occular reflex. These structures are so fine that they may be missed on routine imaging however, they represent distinct localizations for the neurological exam, with lesions of these structures being important clinical considerations. The Interstitial Nucleus of Cajal (inC) coordinates signals from the saccadic burst neurons in the rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasiculus (riMLF), vestibular projections (utricular and semicircular canal pathways from the vestibular nuclei via the MLF), and descending pursuit fibers, the paired interstitial nuclei of Cajal act as neural integrators for vertical gaze and torsion. These nuclei lie adjacent but dorsal and caudal to the riMLF, For upgaze, fibers from the inC cross via the posterior commissure, then connect to the contralateral superior rectus and inferior oblique subnuclei. For downgaze, fibers travel across the posterior commissure, then innervate the contralateral inferior rectus subnucleus and fourth nerve nucleus. Blood supply is derived from the terminal branches of the basilar artery. Lesions of these interstitial nuclei and their tracts may produce vertical and torsional gaze‐holding deficits such as impairments in the vertical vestibulo‐occular reflex, hypertropia, counter‐rolling of the eyes, superior oblique palsy, and see‐saw and torsional nystagmus. Methods Case report and review of literature Results 45‐year‐old, right‐handed woman with history of turner syndrome, anemia, nephrolithiasis, horseshoe kidney, premature ovarian failure on hormone replacement therapy (HRT), suspected adrenal mass of undetermined significant, and degenerative disk disease presented to the emergency department with complaints of acute binocular diplopia and dizziness clarified to be sensation of the ground/objects bobbing in visual field. Neurological exam significant for left hypertropia and exotropia in primary gaze, equal in right/left gaze and right/left head tilt, as well as large amplitude medium frequency (see‐saw) nystagmus characterized by upbeat nystagmus with intorsion on the right, and downbeat nystagmus with extorsion left. Visual fields were intact to finger count with binocular diplopia and oscillopsia noted in primary gaze. CT head and CT angiogram of the head and neck were unrevealing. Initial MRI brain negative for diffusion restriction but with flair hyperintensity in periaqueductal gray prompting repeat MRI brain without contrast with thin slices through the brainstem with showed infarct in periaqueductal gray within the region of the interstitial nuclei, with stroke etiology undetermined at the time of presentation but suspicion of small vessel disease vs hypercoagulability given propensity for thrombophilia in Turner syndrome and patient being on HRT. Full dose aspirin and high intensity statin therapy was initiated given presentation out of tPA window, and hypercoagulability workup initiated prior to discharge. Conclusion Acute ischemic stroke and lesions of the interstitial nuclei in the periaqueductal gray are important, under recognized considerations for the evaluation of binocular diplopia, that may represent an opportunity for thrombolytic administration if providers had a higher index of suspicion. Hypercoagulability and Turner syndrome are also unique qualifiers, underscoring a nuanced approach to determination of stroke diagnosis and etiology in cases of isolated ocular symptomology.

Published
2023
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37. A REVIEW OF THE EFFECT OF ADDITIVES ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE

Author

Raed K. Mohammed Jawad, Mohammed J. Kadhim, and Hamza M. Kamal

Subjects
Compressive strength, fiber materials, waste materials, palm oil clinker, nano-materials, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract

Many organizations around the world have recognized lightweight, long-lasting, cost and environmentally-friendly construction materials as a future necessity. The lightweight concrete is manufactured mainly either by replacing the original aggregate with lightweight aggregate or addition foam production materials to concrete mixtures. These additions lead to a decrease in the lightweight concrete density and change mechanical properties such as compressive strength. Therefore, there is much experimental research has been conducted to add different material types that can improve lightweight concrete compressive strength while maintaining low density. In this review, the effect of various additions such as steel fiber, product waste materials, and nano-materials on the lightweight concrete compressive strength and density have been explained. The various effects of these additive materials on lightweight concrete properties, some additives lead to improving the properties of lightweight concrete, while other materials lead to a decrease in those properties, and this depends on the type and amount of material additive, the method lightweight concrete manufacturing, and their mixture composition.

Published
2023
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38. Insights on Covid‐19 with superimposed pulmonary histoplasmosis: The possible nexus

Author

Yahya A. Almutawif, Hayder M. Al‐kuraishy, Ali I. Al‐Gareeb, Athanasios Alexiou, Marios Papadakis, Hamza M. A. Eid, Hebatallah M. Saad, and Gaber El‐Saber Batiha

Subjects
Covid‐19, inflammatory signaling pathways, pulmonary histoplasmosis, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Abstract A novel coronavirus (CoV) known as severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV type 2 is the causative agent for the development of CoV disease 2019 (Covid‐19). Covid‐19 may increase the risk of developing pulmonary histoplasmosis due to immune dysregulation. In addition, Covid‐19 may enhance the propagation of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis due to lung injury and inflammation, and using corticosteroids in severely affected Covid‐19 patients may reactivate latent pulmonary histoplasmosis. Likewise, activation of inflammatory signaling pathways during H. capsulatum infection may increase the severity of Covid‐19 and vice versa. Furthermore, lymphopenia in Covid‐19 may increase the risk for the progress of pulmonary histoplasmosis besides activation of inflammatory signaling pathways during H. capsulatum infection may increase the severity of Covid‐19 and vice versa. Therefore, this critical review aimed to find the potential link between Covid‐19 pneumonia and pulmonary histoplasmosis concerning the immunological response.

Published
2023
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39. Prescribing the center of mass of a multi-soliton solution for a perturbed semilinear wave equation

Author

Hamza, M. A. and Zaag, Hatem

Subjects
Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, 35L05, 35L71, 35L67, 35B44, 35B40, 35B20
Abstract

We construct a finite-time blow-up solution for a class of strongly perturbed semilinear wave equation with an isolated characteristic point in one space dimension. Given any integer $k\ge 2$ and $\zeta_0 \in \mathbb{R}$, we construct a blow-up solution with a characteristic point $a$, such that the asymptotic behavior of the solution near $(a,T(a))$ shows a decoupled sum of $k$ solitons with alternate signs, whose centers (in the hyperbolic geometry) have $\zeta_0$ as a center of mass, for all times. Although the result is similar to the unperturbed case in its statement, our method is new. Indeed, our perturbed equation is not invariant under the Lorentz transform, and this requires new ideas. In fact, the main difficulty in this paper is to prescribe the center of mass $\zeta_0 \in \mathbb{R}$. We would like to mention that our method is valid also in the unperturbed case, and simplifies the original proof by C\^ote and Zaag \cite{CZcpam13}, as far as the center of mass prescription is concerned., Comment: 35 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1110.2512

Published
2019

40. Effects of medwakh smoking on salivary metabolomics and its association with altered oral redox homeostasis among youth

Author

K. G. Aghila Rani, Nelson C. Soares, Betul Rahman, Hamza M. Al-Hroub, Mohammad H. Semreen, and Sausan Al Kawas

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract The use of alternative tobacco products, particularly medwakh, has expanded among youth in the Middle East and around the world. The present study is conducted to investigate the biochemical and pathophysiological changes caused by medwakh smoking, and to examine the salivary metabolomics profile of medwakh smokers. Saliva samples were collected from 30 non-smokers and 30 medwakh smokers and subjected to metabolomic analysis by UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. The CRP and Glutathione Peroxidase 1 activity levels in the study samples were quantified by ELISA and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) by TAC assay kits. Statistical measurements and thorough validation of data obtained from untargeted metabolomics identified 37 uniquely and differentially abundant metabolites in saliva of medwakh smokers. The levels of phthalate, L-sorbose, cytosine, uridine, alpha-hydroxy hippurate, and L-nicotine were noticeably high in medwakh smokers. Likewise, 20 metabolic pathways were differentially altered in medwakh smokers. This study identified a distinctive saliva metabolomics profile in medwakh smokers associated with altered redox homeostasis, metabolic pathways, antioxidant system, and CRP levels. The impact of the altered metabolites in medwakh smokers and their diagnostic utility require further research in large cohorts.

Published
2023
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42. Elective surgery system strengthening: development, measurement, and validation of the surgical preparedness index across 1632 hospitals in 119 countries

Author

Glasbey, James C, Abbott, Tom EF, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji, Adisa, Adewale, AlAmeer, Ehab, Alshryda, Sattar, Arnaud, Alexis P, Bankhead-Kendall, Brittany, Abou Chaar, M K, Chaudhry, Daoud, Costas-Chavarri, Ainhoa, Cunha, Miguel F, Davies, Justine I, Desai, Anant, Elhadi, Muhammed, Fiore, Marco, Fitzgerald, James Edward, Fourtounas, Maria, Fowler, Alex James, Futaba, Kay, Gallo, Gaetano, Ghosh, Dhruva, Gujjuri, Rohan R, Hamilton, Rebecca, Haque, Parvez, Harrison, Ewen M, Hutchinson, Peter, Hyman, Gabriella, Isik, Arda, Jayarajah, Umesh, Kaafarani, Haytham MA, Kadir, Bryar, Lawani, Ismail, Lederhuber, Hans, Li, Elizabeth, Löffler, Markus W, Lorena, Maria Aguilera, Mann, Harvinder, Martin, Janet, Mazingi, Dennis, McClain, Craig D, McLean, Kenneth A, Meara, John G, Ramos-De La Medina, Antonio, Mengesha, Mengistu, Minaya, Ana, Modolo, Maria Marta, Moore, Rachel, Morton, Dion, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Ntirenganya, Faustin, Pata, Francesco, Pearse, Rupert, Picciochi, Maria, Pinkney, Thomas, Pockney, Peter, van Ramshorst, Gabrielle H, Richards, Toby, Roslani, April Camilla, Satoi, Sohei, Sayyed, Raza, Shaw, Richard, Simões, Joana FF, Smart, Neil, Sullivan, Richard, Sund, Malin, Sundar, Sudha, Tabiri, Stephen, Taylor, Elliott H, Venn, Mary L, Wickramasinghe, Dakshitha, Wright, Naomi, Yip, Sebastian Bernardo Shu, Bhangu, Aneel, Omar, Omar, Harrison, Ewen, Bhangu, Aneel A, Siaw-Acheampong, Kwabena, Benson, Ruth A, Bywater, Edward, Dawson, Brett E, Evans, Jonathan P, Heritage, Emily, Jones, Conor S, Kamarajah, Sivesh K, Khatri, Chetan, Khaw, Rachel A, Keatley, James M, Knight, Andrew, Lawday, Samuel, Mann, Harvinder S, Marson, Ella J, Mckay, Siobhan C, Mills, Emily C, Pellino, Gianluca, Tiwari, Abhinav, Trout, Isobel M, Wilkin, Richard JW, Abukhalaf, Sadi, Adamina, Michel, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O, Agarwal, Arnav, Akkulak, Murat, Alameer, Ehab, Alderson, Derek, Alakaloko, Felix, Albertsmeier, Markus, Alser, Osaid, Alshaar, Muhammad, Augestad, Knut Magne, Ayasra, Faris, Azevedo, José, Bankhead-Kendall, Brittany K, Barlow, Emma, Beard, David, Blanco-Colino, Ruth, Brar, Amanpreet, Minaya-Bravo, Ana, Breen, Kerry A, Bretherton, Chris, Buarque, Igor Lima, Burke, Joshua, Caruana, Edward J, Chaar, Mohammad, Chakrabortee, Sohini, Christensen, Peter, Cox, Daniel, Cukier, Moises, Davidson, Giana H, Di Saverio, Salomone, Drake, Thomas M, Edwards, John G, Emile, Sameh, Farik, Shebani, Ford, Samuel, Garmanova, Tatiana, Gomes, Gustavo Mendonça Ataíde, Grecinos, Gustavo, Griffiths, Ewen A, Gruendl, Magdalena, Halkias, Constantine, Hisham, Intisar, Hutchinson, Peter J, Hwang, Shelley, Jenkinson, Michael D, Jonker, Pascal, Keller, Debby, Kolias, Angelos, Kruijff, Schelto, Leventoglu, Sezai, Litvin, Andrey, Loehrer, Andrew, Major, Piotr, Mashbari, Hassan N, Metallidis, Symeon, Mohan, Helen M, Moszkowicz, David, Moug, Susan, Ng-Kamstra, Joshua S, Maimbo, Mayaba, Negoi, Ionut, Niquen, Milagros, Olivos, Maricarmen, Oussama, Kacimi, Outani, Oumaima, Parreno-Sacdalanm, Marie Dione, Rivera, Carlos Jose Perez, Pinkney, Thomas D, Plas, Willemijn van der, Qureshi, Ahmad, Radenkovic, Dejan, Revell, Elliot J, Roberts, Keith, Roslani, April C, Rutegård, Martin, Segura-Sampedro, Juan José, Santos, Irène, Schache, Andrew, Schnitzbauer, Andreas A, Seyi-Olajide, Justina O, Sharma, Neil, Shaw, Catherine A, Shu, Sebastian, Soreide, Kjetil, Spinelli, Antonino, Stewart, Grant D, Townend, Philip, Tsoulfas, Georgios, Vidya, Raghavan, Vimalachandran, Dale, Warren, Oliver J, Wedderburn, Duane, EuroSurg, NA, European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP), NA, Global Initiative for Children's Surgery, NA, GlobalSurg, NA, GlobalPaedSurg, NA, ItSURG, NA, PTSurg, NA, SpainSurg, NA, Italian Society of Colorectal Surgery, NA, Association of Surgeons in Training, NA, Irish Surgical Research Collaborative (ISRC), NA, Transatlantic Australasian Retroperitoneal Sarcoma Working, NA, Italian Society of Surgical Oncology, NA, Booth, Lesley, Barker, Margaret, Barker, Neil, Cooke, Shirley, Doré, Suzanne, Horwood, Nigel, Runigamugabo, Emmy, Weir, Carrie Tierney, Bahrami-Hessari, Mike, Riaz, Asad, Shah, Jaffer, Safi, Mohammed, Thereska, Dariel, Dajti, Irida, Cheddadi, Riadh, Tidjane, Anisse, Quinteros, Carlos A, khelfaoui, Ahmed, Salem, Khalifa M, Riffi, Omar, Kacimi, Salah Eddine O, Loudjedi, Salim, Damerdji, Tidjani, Pantoja Pachajoa, Diana A, Palacios Huatuco, René M, Alvarez, Fernando A, Doniquian, Alejandro M, Abeldaño Zuñiga, Roberto A, Schlottmann, Francisco, Cobos, Carlos M, Gigena, Cecilia, Forneris, Agustin Albani, Duro, Agustin, García-Mansilla, Agustín M, Busnelli, Virginia Cano, Poggi, Catalina, Mercado, Pedro L, González, Marcos, Castro Lalin, Agustina F, Mayer, Horacio F, Brandariz, Rodrigo, Slullitel, Pablo A, Boudou, Rocio, Lobos, Pablo A, Uffelmann, María C, Petersen, Maria L, Luzzi, Emilia, Padilla Lichtenberger, Fernando L, Crespi Amor, María S, Zarratea, Celeste S, Esteves, Tomas A, Gemelli, Nicolas A, Tirapegui, Sebastián, Liyo, Juan, Scherñuk, Jordán, Boccalatte, Luis A, Balmaceda, Ruben D, D'Addino, Jose L, Caubet, María M, Calderón Arancibia, José A, Chwat, Carina, Morris, Brian, Avellaneda, Nicolas, Pedraza Salazar, Ivana I, Eskinazi, Diego G, Vargas, Lara, Muriel, María E, Lucchini, Sergio M, Gosselink, Martijn P, Davis, Amelia L, Barker, John C, Qin, Kirby R, Proud, David M, Cox, Daniel RA, Goh, Su Kah, Liu, David S, Wu, Damien M, Merrett, Neil D, Badiani, Sarit S, Sengupta, Shomik, Jain, Anshini, Steen, Christopher J, Wong, Enoch, Ip, Christopher CK, Leaning, Matthew G, McCartney, Conor B, Gananadha, Sivakumar, Yeap, Evie FW, Stevens, Sean G, Vu, Anh N, Martin, Sarah A, Stanley, Guy H M, Watson, David I, Townend, Philip J, Young, Thomas K, Cox, Georgia T, Dawson, Amanda C, Laura, Sharon E, Lun, Elizabeth W Y, Liang, Ina X, O'Neill, Christine J, Lott, Natalie J, Chuan, Alwin, Saravanan, SK, Gundara, Justin, Ong, Bee Shan, Nataraja, Ramesh M, Pacilli, Maurizio, Foley, Daniel M, Ooi, Geraldine J, Traeger, Luke, MacDermid, Ewan, Daruwalla, Jurstine, Hodgson, Russell, Heriot, Alexander G, Mulligan, Christopher S, Blefari, Nicholas D A, Purcell, Shaun S, Frankel, Adam J, Guerra, Glen R, Tefay, Joan S, Liang, Rhea W Y, Kroon, Hidde M, Farfus, Anthony W, Warren, Leigh R, Roy, Jennifer M, Whitfield, Robert J, Moller, Cea-Cea B, Davis, Sean S, Sammour, Tarik, Lam, Yick Ho, Kour, Kevin, Gan, Siang Wei, Coventry, Brendon J, Dawson, Joseph A, Batstone, Martin D, King, Sebastian K, Scott, Nathan J, Foo, Jonathan W, Shepherd, Talia, Page, Richard S, Choong, Peter F, Badgery, Henry E, Chong, Lynn, Taylor, Lillian, Hii, Michael W, Wright, Gavin M, Kong, Joseph CH, Watson, Matthew M, Bock, Jacob, Lidder, Surjit S, Elias, Patrick, Kanavathy, Sathisvaran, Koh, Cherry E, Chennakesavan, Srinivas Kondalsamy, Panuganti, Vishwakar, Latif, Haider, Yeung, Justin MC, Besson, Alex J, Tse, Eunice Q Y, Pitcher, Meron E, Taylor, Danielle L, Nahm, Christopher B, Lim, Alicia, Tree, Kevin, Aigner, Felix, Dawoud, Christopher, Foessleitner, Philipp, Zimmermann, Matthias, Wiedemann, Dominik, Findl, Oliver, Messner, Franka, Bauer, Marlies, Nägele, Felix, Kronberger, Irmgard E, Öfner, Dietmar, Härter, Bettina, Bicz, Nina Ru B, Zwittag, Paul M, Poier, Nikolaus, Navarro, Francisco Ruiz, Zebuhr, Yorck A, Köglberger, Paul, Wiesinger, Clemens G, Mathew, Erwin, Trivik-Barrientos, Felipe, Königsrainer, Ingmar, Djedovic, Gabriel, Cohnert, Tina U, Lumenta, David B, Singer, Georg, Leithner, Andreas, Kamolz, Lars-Peter, Andrianakis, Alexandros, Puchwein, Paul, Mikalauskas, Saulius, Kirchweger, Patrick, Függer, Reinhold, Mittermair, Christof, Russe, Elisabeth, Paal, Peter, Grünbart, Martin, de Cillia, Michael, Weiss, Helmut G, Steiner, Florian, Binder, Alf Dorian, Samadov, Elgun, Ibrahimli, Arturan, Muslumov, Gurbankhan, Bayramov, Nuru Y, Saunders, Jada M, Almoosa, Noora, Haj-Ibrahim, Huzifa, Maresch, Martin, Ezzdean, Weaam K, Juma, Isam M, Hasan, Layla H, Haider, Fayza HA, Alfaqawi, Ghassan Salman, Alam, Mohammed S, Islam, Shahnoor, Basher, AKM K, Mitul, Ashrarur Rahman, Islam, Nazmul, Oosterkamp, Antje E, Ahmed, Tanveer, Hannan, M Jafrul, Padmore, Greg M, Doyle, Alex F, LaCorbiniere, Karisha L, Boyce, Rico D R, Ragoobar, Paul T, Walkes, Keisha M Y, Haynes, Amelia A, Corbin, Sasha M, Litvina, Yauheniya A, Makhmudov, Anvar, Strypstein, Sébastien, Dhondt, Bert, Rasschaert, Ricky, Farid, Yasser, Wahib, El Mahdi, Pigeolet, Manon, Belle, Koen Van, De Wachter, Stefan, Komen, Niels, Vandeputte, Mathieu PJ, Jansen, Yanina JL, Stijns, Jasper, Eynde, Jef Van den, Olowo, Benedicte I, Feraudy, Israel C, Dragisic, Vedran, Martinovic, Vlatka, Barišić, Tatjana, Penava, Nikolina, Hudic, Igor, Delibegovic, Samir, Bogdanović, Gordana, Grgić, Gordana, Cerovac, Anis, Cerovac, Elmedina, Bedada, Alemayehu G, Baiocchi, Glauco, Wainstein, Alberto, Moisés, Elaine Christine D, Zani, Ana Carolina Tagliatti, de Campos Prado, Caio Antonio, Panis, Carolina, Rech, Daniel, Soares da Silva, Ruan Gabriel, Joviliano, Edwaldo E, Rezende, Ricardo F, Reis, Igor G N, Pires, Robinson E S, Christiano, Adriana Borgonovi, Consani, Heitor F X, Pugliesi, Felipe G, Takeda, Flavio R, Mariani, Alessandro W, Valadares, Ricardo J B, Andreollo, Nelson A, Lopes, Luiz Roberto, Tonello, Cristiano, Alonso, Nivaldo, dos Santos, Carlos Ferreira, Lima, Leonardo S, Salgado, Wilson, Pereira, Thiago H S, Gatti, Arthur Paredes, Oliva, Ramon N L, Nardi, Caroline N, Sousa, Alvaro F L, Ribeiro, Ivonizete P, Carvalho, Herica E F, Oliveira, Layze B, Schneider, Guilherme, Casteleins, William Augusto, Silva, Larissa M, Gomes, Carlos Augusto, da Cunha Viana Júnior, Alonço, Cruz, Ricardo P, Gomes, Gustavo MA, Buarque, Igor L, Barros, Aldo V, Marangon, Gustavo B, Flumignan, Ronald LG, Nakano, Luís CU, Pascoal, Patrícia IF, Santos, Brena C, Kuramoto, Danielle AB, Correia, Rebeca M, Amaral, Fabio CF, Flumignan, Carolina DQ, Dussán-Sarria, Jairo A, Simões, Romeo L, Amorim, Robson L, Silva, Jeancarllo S, Lyra Junior, Humberto F, Julio, Nathalia S, Gerber, Marlus T, dos Santos, José Mauro, de Oliveira, Joao Carlos C, Palamim, Camila VC, Marson, Fernando AL, Gomes, Iolanda M, Oliveira, Priscila R, Lima, Ana Lucia L M, Carvalho, Vladimir C, Silva, Jorge S, NA, Ulysses Ribeiro, Laporte, Gustavo Andreazza, Gonçalves, Mateus Capuzzo, Botacin, Lais S, Avelino, Melissa AG, Brito, Luiz Gustavo O, Hristova, Evguenia T, Stoyanov, Vladislav Valentinov, Sakakushev, Boris E, Dardanov, Dragomir D, Sokolov, Manol B, Mehta, Ananya, Gyokova, Elitsa H, Abdullahi, Mohamed, Karamanliev, Martin P, Dimitrov, Dobromir D, Slavchev, Mihail T, Atanasov, Boyko Ch, Yotsov, Tsanko I, Hadzhiev, Dimitar Bozhidarov, Stock, Simon E, Nwegbu, Chukwuemeka Gerald, Tanyi, Tanyi John, Brown, James A, Arneja, Jugpal S, Lee, Susan M, Kancherla, Ramya, Kidane, Biniam, Champagne, Pierre-Olivier, Ma, Xiya, Munro, Allana, McKeen, Dolores M, Glinka, Juan, Vasarhelyi, Edward M, Subramani, Yamini, Alfaro, Hilda, Shah, Ushma J, Gonzalez, Nelson J, MacNeil, S Danielle, Nagappa, Mahesh, Malthaner, Richard A, Brackstone, Muriel, Alkhamesi, Nawar A, Qiabi, Mehdi, Arango-Ferreira, Camila, Prempeh, Agya B A, Dumitra, Sinziana, Spence, Richard T, Bedard, Eric LR, Luc, Jessica GY, Johnston, Brian R, Attabib, Najmedden, Persad, Amit RL, Das, Sunit, Khoshbin, Amir, Ladha, Karim S, Sankar, Ashwin, Teja, Bijan, Daza, Julian F, Chan, Veronica F, Baertschiger, Reto M, Zani, Augusto, Nessim, Carolyn, McIsaac, Daniel I, Singh, Mandeep, Behzadi, Abdollah, Dell, Angela J, Al Riyami, Salim M, Dajani, Khaled Z, Bigam, David, Manikala, Vinod K, Street, John T, Mayson, Kelly V, Wallis, Christopher J D, Mimica, Ximena, Villanueva, Julio, Altamirano, Roberto, Waissbluth, Sofia, Marín, Diego I, Fonseca, Bruno Catoia, Hodali, Andrés J, Ramos, Andrea I, Valenzuela, Marco A, Torres, Janina J, Song, Yi, Yang, Wah, Aldanakh, Abdullah, Alradhi, Mohammed, Lyu, Yidong, Chen, Yan, Fletcher, Angélica V, Camargo, Daniela, Casanova, Rafael Figueroa, Medina, Camilo Andres Caicedo, Bolivar, Dinimo, Garcia, Tatiana Carolina Beltran, Pedraza, Nestor F, Garcia-Lopez, Andrea, Patino-Jaramillo, Nasly G, Giron, Fernando A, Rivera, Carlos J- Perez, Nieto-Calvache, Albaro José, Ariza, Fredy, Orozco-Chamorro, Claudia Milena, Nanez, Maria A, Garces, Diana S, Figueroa, Luis M, Badiel, Marisol, Martinez, Delio F, Coll-Tello, Brenda, Camelo, Hector F, Montoya Casella, Antonio J, Ordoñez, Sebastian, Velez Sanchez, Paola A, Salcedo, Juan C, Villegas, Lina M, Holguín, Jorge A, Cardozo, Jesús Hernán Tovar, Perdomo, Jorman Harvey Tejada, Perdomo, Valentina Gutiérrez, Rivera-Rincon, Natalia A, Gomez, Paula Torres, Delgado-Nieto, Elena Leonor, Isaza-Restrepo, Andres, Vargas, Felipe, Vargas, Ana M, Castro, Arnulfo Andrade, Navarro, Jorge A, Vargas, Saul E, Calvache, Jose A, Mendoza-Arango, Maria C, Bernal, Jorge Luis Vélez, Gonzalez, Felipe O, šantak, Goran, Kirac, Iva, Kršul, Dorian, Versic, Ana Bosak, Augustin, Goran, Kulis, Tomislav, Kastelan, Zeljko, Hadzibegovic, Ana Danic, Grsic, Kresimir, Hudolin, Tvrtko, 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Kandaswamy, Anyaugo, Ngozi S, Wuraola, Obafemi K, Odejinmi, Funlayo, Craven, Joanna M, West, Charlotte L, Barter, Reece A, Navaratnam, Devaraj M, Malik, Shahbaz S, Mahendran, Vimaladhithan, Zilvetti, Miguel, Lovegrove, Richard E, Board, Tim N, Zeiton, Moez, Sarwar, Safdar A, Duff, Sarah E, Hsabo, Elmuiz A, Nugur, Ashwani Kumar, Morris, Richard M, Lala, Anil K, Kwan-Feinberg, Rita O, Ross, Samuel W, Dressler, Jeremy A, Evans, Faye M, Wason, Shaun E L, Vogel, Keianna R, Wang, Joanna C, Sulciner, Megan L, Hirji, Sameer, Raoof, Mustafa, Wolff, Christopher J, kent, Ilan, Turan, Alparslan, Teixeira, Pedro G, Olson, Kristofor A, Patel, Neil D, Krishnamoorthy, Vijay, Moris, Dimitrios, Rice, Henry E, Gabr, Hesham, Satoskar, Savni R, Castater, Christine A, Jmaileh, Manal, Payne, Rachel E, Kwon, David S, Aarabi, Shahram, Escobar, Pedro F, Kronenfeld, Joshua P, Dalton, Michael K, Etchill, Eric W, Haut, Elliott R, Vervoort, Dominique, Dehal, Ahmed, McKenney, Mark, Elkbuli, Adel, Gosain, Ankush, Abdelsattar, Zaid M, Naunheim, Matthew R, Burks, Ciersten A, Zhou, Allen S, Heng, Marilyn, Abohashem, Shady, Lozano-Calderón, Santiago A, Reisenauer, Janani S, Mouawad, Nicolas J, Diehl, Thomas M, Eriksson, Evert A, Marwaha, Jayson S, Schroeppel, Thomas J, LaRocca, Christopher J, Chang, Grace H, Hassan, Romana, Nosanov, Lauren B, Rickard, Jennifer L, Avraham, Jacob B, Petrone, Patrizio, Sferra, Joseph J, Hadaya, Joseph, Mead, Brittany S, Hauptman, Jason S, Ahmad, Maleeha, Meola, Antonio, Chang, Steven D, Ko, Ara, Specht, Katherine E, Choudhry, Asad, Encalada, Ronald Zerna, Poggio, Juan L, Xing, Hang, Glass, Nina E, Hooker, Robert, Martins, Paulo N, Scott, Erin M, Bankhead, Brittany K, Giorgakis, Emmanouil, Nigh, Joe, Osborn, Tamara, Tay Lasso, Erika L, Beswick, Daniel M, Berndtson, Allison E, Kaups, Krista L, Chen, Lee-lynn, Farrell, Michael S, Boeck, Marissa A, Vaysburg, Dennis M, Kassam, Al-Faraaz, Turner, Kevin M, Dyas, Adam R, Coleman, Julia R, Folsom, Megan, Lam, Christopher M, Kumer, Sean C, Larson, Kelsey, Turner, Scott, Guidry, Christopher, Reddy, Madhuri, Berbel, German, Findley, Austin, Beahm, David, Bur, Andres, Marlor, Derek, Houndschell, Corey, Carver, Shea, Ulrich, Alissa, Bhutiani, Neal, DiChiacchio, Laura, Abdou, Hossam, Napolitano, Lena M, Ghebre, Rahel, Bass, Gary Alan, Kaplan, Lewis J, Martin, Niels D, Duffy, Caoimhe C, Abdelhamid, Sultan S, Daley, Brian J, Roland, Christina L, Dumas, Ryan P, Ban, Vin Shen, Rajesh, Aashish, Davies, Mark G, Purudappa, Prabhudev P, Walters, Camila B, Lin, Nicole, Ruzgar, Nensi M, Ullrich, Sarah J, Trostchansky, Ivan, Bonilla-Cal, Fernando, Castedo, Fabiola, Sobrero, Helena, Acuña, Gastón, Álvarez, Sofía M, Tarigo, Josefina, Carbajal, Ana C, Carbajal, Ana, Reyes, Antonio R, Al-Eryani, Fatima A, Alqousi, Nardeen N, Alattas, Zainab, Al-Saban, Rafat A, Al-Shehari, Mohammed M, ALHammadi, Nawal T, Shream, Sarah A, Al-Naggar, Hamza M, Al-Qalisi, Lina M, Nadeesh, Areej E, Al-Samawi, Hytham H, Bajjah, Hadeel M, AL-Ameri, Saba A, Albably, Jamal F, Ghannam, Rana A, Shamsan, Amatallah H, Meead, Abdullah A, Al- Zubaidi, Riham Q, Zulait, Mohammed A, Najeeb, Halah, Alsayadi, Musaed M, Al-Mashreqi, Seham K, Al-Jomai, Najla A, Alsayadi, Ramzi A, Al-Naggar, Moath M, Almarashi, Hassan A, Musaeed, Hasna M, Al-Raimi, Ibrahim M, Ghanem, Hossam N, Al-Zazay, Karim A, AL-Mahdi, Shehab A, Almontaser, Amatalaleem S, Savopoulos, Vanessa A S, Munthali, James, Kabongo, Kizito M C, Mushiwokufa, Willard, Ngulube, Allan, Ntoto, Crispin, Magama, Praise T, Dzinotyiwei, Daniel, Chivanga, Shelton K, Dube, Ngqabutho S, Sanchez, Ernesto C, Moyo, Assel T, Chengahomwe, Antony, Chinyowa, Simbarashe, Siamuchembu, Maphios, Bondera, Tafadzwa, and Mushawarima, Trust

Published
2022
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45. Statistical assessment for performance of Al-Mussaib drinking water treatment plant at the year 2020

Author

Mohsin J. Nasir, Maryam Jawad Abdulhasan, Shah zanan Abbas Ridha, Khalid S. Hashim, and Hamza M. Jasim

Subjects
assessment, drinking water, efficiency, treatment plant, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066
Abstract

Assessment of water quality is a major step in the water industry to ensure the suitability of water for human use. In this study, statistically evaluate the quality of raw and treated drinking water of the Al-Mussaib drinking water treatment plant, Babylon city, Iraq, from January to December 2020. Additionally, the water quality of treated water was assessed according to World Health Organization (WHO) and Iraqi standards for drinking water. The results showed the plant has a good efficiency in removing the studied parameters, such as alkalinity, calcium and hardness. It is noteworthy to mention that although the measured concentrations/levels met the WHO and Iraqi standards, they were higher than the favourable limits. For example, the measured sulphate concentration in the produced water was 248 mg/L, which is higher than the favourable concentration (200 mg/L) (WHO). The statistical analysis indicated significant differences between the quality of raw and treated water (p-value 0.05) in terms of alkalinity, pH, calcium and sulphates concentrations. The results of this work could be useful for water authorities and decision-makers in Iraq and national and international environmental agencies. HIGHLIGHTS Water quality of Al-Mussaib drinking water treatment plant, Iraq was studied.; Water quality was acceptable according to WHO and Iraqi standards.; Significant differences between the influent and effluent turbidity, hardness, magnesium and dissolved solids concentrations.; No significant differences between influent and effluent alkalinity, pH, calcium and sulphate concentrations.;

Published
2022
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47. Facilitating effective external stakeholder involvement in the pre-design phase of civil engineering infrastructure projects

Author

Elmahroug, Mohamed Hamza M., Tutesigensi, Apollo, and Smith, Nigel J.

Subjects
624
Abstract

Due to the lack of agreement on the problems they are meant to address, civil engineering infrastructure projects often become subject to controversy once they enter the public arena. Therefore, a case study research to examine the extent of external stakeholder involvement in the pre-design phase of two civil engineering infrastructure projects from the UK was conducted. The findings revealed that external stakeholders are having limited (if any) input into key aspects of the project defined during the pre-design phase - the earliest phase of the project life cycle. It was found that due to the lack of an overarching approach for project identification, we often see lobby groups mobilising support for a project (solution) that may constitute opportunities to the developers, but neither solve the external stakeholders' problems nor meet their expectations. This results in misalignment of the project purpose and external stakeholder expectations, thereby leading to lack of buy-in from external stakeholders which in turn can limit project success. Consequently, a novel two-stage project identification process for identifying civil engineering infrastructure projects was developed. The proposal brings together infrastructure developers and external stakeholders at an early stage of the project life cycle to first identify problems, and second to generate solutions, assess them and then choose a preferred solution to be included in the feasibility stage. To ensure that the proposal is applicable, it was validated through interviews with project managers, stakeholder managers, project stakeholder organisations and local authorities from the UK. The novelty of the two-stage process is in which project identification, problem solving and stakeholder involvement processes have been synthesised and integrated to fulfil the need for addressing the limited external stakeholder involvement in project identification while being theoretically rigorous.

Published
2018

48. Prognostic impact of invariant natural killer T cells in solid and hematological tumors; systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author

Alhamawi, Renad M., Aloufi, Noof, Alamri, Abeer F., Altubayli, Fatima A., Alsairi, Raghad T., Alhamad, Reem A., Alharbi, Shouq M., Ankhli, Zainab A., Eid, Hamza M. A., and Almutawif, Yahya A.

Subjects
CYTOTOXIC T cells, PROGRESSION-free survival, KILLER cells, SCIENCE databases, OVERALL survival
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are an immune subset that purportedly link the adaptive and the innate arms of the immune system. Importantly, iNKT cells contribute to anti-cancer immunity in different types of hematological and solid malignancies by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, using such cells in treating different type of tumors would be an ideal candidate for cancer immunotherapy. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prognostic effect of iNKT cells across different types of solid and hematological tumors. METHODS: In systematic review and meta-analysis, articles assessed the prognostic effect of iNKT cells were systemically searched using the scientific databases including Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Cochrane Central, and Scopus. RESULTS: Strikingly, the analysis showed the positive impact of intratumoral or circulating iNKT cells on the survival rate in patients with all studied tumors with overall effect of a pooled hazard ratio of 0.89 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.98; p = 0.01). A highly statistical heterogeneity was noted between studied tumor with I2 = 87%; p = 0.00001. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, this study would present a new insight into the impact of iNKT cells correlate with caner patients' survival rate and how such cells would be used as a therapeutic target in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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49. Structure-based discovery of F. religiosa phytochemicals as potential inhibitors against Monkeypox (mpox) viral protein.

Author

Mohapatra, Ranjan K., Mahal, Ahmed, Mohapatra, Pranab K., Sarangi, Ashish K., Mishra, Snehasish, Alsuwat, Meshari A., Alshehri, Nada N., Abdelkhalig, Sozan M., Garout, Mohammed, Aljeldah, Mohammed, Alshehri, Ahmad A., Saif, Ahmed, Alshahrani, Mohammed Abdulrahman, Alqahtani, Ali S., Almutawif, Yahya A., Eid, Hamza M. A., Albaqami, Faisal M, Abdalla, Mohnad, and Rabaan, Ali A.

Subjects
MONKEYPOX, PUBLIC health, DRUG development, VIRAL proteins, FICUS (Plants)
Abstract

Outbreaks of Monkeypox (mpox) in over 100 non-endemic countries in 2022 represented a serious global health concern. Once a neglected disease, mpox has become a global public health issue. A42R profilin-like protein from mpox (PDB ID: 4QWO) represents a potential new lead for drug development and may interact with various synthetic and natural compounds. In this report, the interaction of A42R profilin-like protein with six phytochemicals found in the medicinal plant Ficus religiosa (abundant in India) was examined. Based on the predicted and compared protein–ligand binding energies, biological properties, IC50 values and toxicity, two compounds, kaempferol (C-1) and piperine (C-4), were selected. ADMET characteristics and quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) of these two compounds were determined, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed. In silico examination of the kaempferol (C-1) and piperine (C-4) interactions with A42R profilin-like protein gave best-pose ligand-binding energies of –6.98 and –5.57 kcal/mol, respectively. The predicted IC50 of C-1 was 7.63 μM and 82 μM for C-4. Toxicity data indicated that kaempferol and piperine are non-mutagenic, and the QSAR data revealed that piperlongumine (5.92) and piperine (5.25) had higher log P values than the other compounds examined. MD simulations of A42R profilin-like protein in complex with C-1 and C-4 were performed to examine the stability of the ligand–protein interactions. As/C and C-4 showed the highest affinity and activities, they may be suitable lead candidates for developing mpox therapeutic drugs. This study should facilitate discovering and synthesizing innovative therapeutics to address other infectious diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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50. Prevalence and risk factors of osteopenia and osteoporosis among postmenopausal women: A cross‐sectional study from Jordan.

Author

Khurmah, Manar H. Abu, Alkhatatbeh, Mohammad J., Alshogran, Osama Y., and Alarda, Hamza M.

Subjects
OSTEOPENIA, RISK assessment, PHOTON absorptiometry, LIFESTYLES, CROSS-sectional method, SUNSHINE, PEARSON correlation (Statistics), RESEARCH funding, ACADEMIC medical centers, BONE density, DATA analysis, BODY mass index, HYPERTENSION, LOGISTIC regression analysis, INTERVIEWING, QUESTIONNAIRES, CALCIUM carbonate, POSTMENOPAUSE, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, CHI-squared test, AGE distribution, CHOLECALCIFEROL, MEDICAL records, LUMBAR vertebrae, FEMUR, AEROBIC exercises, ONE-way analysis of variance, STATISTICS, WOMEN'S health, SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors, PROTON pump inhibitors, CONFIDENCE intervals, DATA analysis software, DIABETES, HYPOTHYROIDISM, DISEASE risk factors
Abstract

Objectives: Our aim was to predict the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis and their associated risk factors among postmenopausal women from Jordan. Methodology: In this cross‐sectional study, a total of 368 postmenopausal women were recruited from King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH) in the North of Jordan between September 2022 and April 2023. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using a dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry scan. T‐score was used for osteoporosis diagnosis in accordance with the International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) guidelines. Data about sociodemographic and lifestyle variables were collected using face‐to‐face interviews. Medical records were used to retrieve participants' BMD information. Predictors of osteoporosis were identified using logistic regression. Results: Prevalence of osteoporosis was 40.5%, while 44.6% of participants were diagnosed with osteopenia. The lumbar spine had the highest frequency of osteoporosis (30.4%), while the left femoral neck had the highest prevalence of osteopenia (46.3%). Postmenopausal women's age (p‐value =.024), and history of chronic diseases (p‐value =.038) were significant factors associated with increased osteoporosis risk. Conclusions: Postmenopausal women from Jordan had high prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia. It is therefore necessary to target risk factors leading to osteoporosis and to improve patients' lifestyles through patient education. Healthcare systems should consider early screening approaches for osteoporosis at the age of menopause and thereafter. Supplements of calcium and vitamin D may be routinely considered for this age group depending on their serum levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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