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Jizhi syrup (JZTJ) is composed of eight medicinal herbs, including Houttuynia cordata , Fagopyrum dibotrys , Ilex chinensis , Ephedra sinica , Aster tataricus , Peucedanum praeruptorum , Citrus aurantium and Glycyrrhiza uralensis. It is mainly used for coughing caused by exogenous wind heat. Symptoms include fever, aversion to cold, chest and diaphragm tightness, cough and sore throat; and acute bronchitis and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis with the above symptoms. This study aimed to preliminary analyse the chemical components in the liposoluble part of JZTJ, evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of JZTJ by using six animal and cell models and predict the target and mechanism of acute bronchitis prevention and treatment with JZTJ. The chemical components in the liposoluble fraction of JZTJ (extracted by cyclohexane) were quantitatively analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Classic non-specific inflammation models and acute bronchitis models were established to systematically evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of JZTJ. The anti-inflammatory intensity and characteristics of three doses of JZTJ were comprehensively compared on the basis of principal component analysis method at the cellular and overall animal levels. By using lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) as modelling factors, a RAW264.7 macrophage inflammatory response model and a rat acute bronchitis model were created to study the effect of JZTJ on the in-vitro and - vivo LPS-iNOS-inflammatory mediators' inflammatory signalling pathway to reveal the mechanism of acute bronchitis prevention and treatment by JZTJ at the levels of genes, proteins, and inflammatory mediators. Seventeen alkane and ester compounds were preliminarily qualitatively identified from the lipid soluble fraction of JZTJ: dibutyl phthalate, tetradecane, ridecane, n-hexadecanoic acid, pentadecane, n-decanoic acid, 2,6,10,14,18,22-tetracosahexaene, 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-(all-E)-; phenol, 2,2ʹ-methylenebis[6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-; hexadecane. JZTJ has a significant inhibitory effect on acute non-specific inflammation, specifically inhibiting 'xylene-induced ear swelling in mice', 'acetic acid-induced increased permeability of abdominal capillaries in mice' and 'egg white-induced foot swelling in rats'. The above effects are most evident in high doses, followed by medium doses, whereas low doses have poorer or no effects. JZTJ can prevent and treat acute bronchitis induced by LPS in mice and rats, significantly improve the pathological changes in patchy interstitial and alveolar bleeding with excessive neutrophil infiltration and inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators by LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Its mechanism of action may be by downregulating the phosphorylation level of p-ERK1/2 protein, thereby inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA and IL-1β. The expression levels of genes, such as mRNA and IL-6 mRNA, thereby reducing iNOS, TNF-α and IL-1β. The expression of proteins in the cytoplasm of lung and bronchial tissue cells reduced the release of downstream inflammatory mediators NO and IL-6. Preliminary analysis of the chemical components in the lipid soluble fraction of JZTJ can lay the foundation for subsequent research on its effective components. Evaluating the anti-inflammatory effect of JZTJ is helpful for further research on its mechanism of action. The anti-inflammatory effects are exerted by regulating the inflammatory signalling pathway of LPS-iNOS inflammatory mediators, providing a scientific basis for their clinical application. [Display omitted] • GC-MS ：Seventeen alkanes and esters were preliminarily identified from the fat-soluble parts of JZTJ. • Effectiveness evaluation ：JZTJ has a significant inhibitory effect on acute non-specific inflammation and specifically inhibiting. The effects are most evident in high doses, followed by medium doses, while low doses have poorer or no effects. • Mechanistic research ：The results of the "LPS iNOS Inflammatory Mediators" inflammatory signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo indicate that its mechanism of action may be by downregulating the phosphorylation level of p-ERK1/2 protein, thereby inhibiting iNOS mRNA and TNF- α ImRNA. The expression of genes such as mRNA and IL-6 mRNA, thereby reducing iNOS, TNF- α and IL-1 β. The expression of proteins in the cytoplasm of lung and bronchial tissue cells reduces the release of downstream inflammatory mediators. to thereby inhibiting the expression of iNOS,TNF- α and IL-1 β. The expression of proteins in the cytoplasm of lung and bronchial tissue cells also reduces the release of downstream inflammatory mediators (NO, IL-6). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China and India have unique traditional medicine systems with vast territory and rich medical resources. Traditional medicines in China include traditional Chinese medicine, Tibetan medicine, Mongolian medicine, Uyghur medicine, Dai medicine, etc. In the third national survey of Chinese medicine resources, 12694 medicinal materials were identified. Traditional medicines in India include Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Homoeopathy, etc. There are 7263 medicinal materials in India. To reveal the characteristics of medicinal materials between China and India respectively, and to compare the similarities and differences in terms of properties, tastes, medicinal parts and therapeutic uses and to promote the exchange of traditional medicine between China and India and the international trade of traditional medicine industry. The information of medicinal materials between China and India was extracted from The Chinese Traditional Medicine Resource Records and Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China , as well as from 71 Indian herbal monographs. The information of each medicinal material, such as types, families, genera, properties, distribution, medicinal parts, efficacy, therapeutic uses, dosage form and dosage, was recorded in Excel for statistical analysis and visual comparison. A total of 12694 medicinal materials in China and 5362 medicinal materials in India were identified. The medicinal materials were mostly distributed in Southwest China and northern India. Plants were the main sources of medicinal materials. The common medicinal parts in China were whole medicinal materials, roots and rhizomes, and India used more renewable fruits, seeds and leaves. They are commonly used in the treatment of digestive system diseases. There were 1048 medicinal materials used by both China and India, which were distributed in 188 families and 685 genera. The Chinese and Indian pharmacopoeias had a total of 80 species of medicinal materials used by both China and India. The characteristics of medicinal materials between China and India were somewhat different, which was conducive to provide a reference basis for traditional medicine in China or India to increase the medicinal parts and indications when using a certain medicinal material, as well as to expand the source of medicine and introduce new resources. However, there were certain similarities and shared medicinal materials, which can tap the potential of bilateral trade of medicinal materials between China and India, so as to promote the medical cultural exchange and economic and trade cooperation between the two countries. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]