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[Objective] Examining farming households’ homestead withdrawal willingness by considering the endowment effect and risk coping capacity has great significance for deepening homestead reform in China. [Methods] This study constructed a theoretical framework based on endowment effect, risk coping capacity, and homestead exit willingness, and used a mediation effect model to analyze the mediation effect of endowments on the impact of risk coping capacity on homestead exit willingness, used the threshold model to analyze the double threshold effect of risk coping capacity on homestead exit willingness, and explored the differences in the mediation role of endowments at each level of risk coping capacity. [Results] (1) The endowment effect has a significant negative impact on the willingness to withdraw from the homestead through the three paths of subject attachment, object dependence and uncertainty perception; (2) The impact of risk carrying capacity on the willingness to withdraw from the homestead has a double threshold effect. When the risk carrying capacity is between the two threshold values, the impact on the willingness to withdraw from the homestead is positive, and when it is too low or too high, the impact on the willingness to withdraw from the homestead is negative; (3) Endowment effect plays an intermediary role in the impact of risk carrying capacity on the willingness to withdraw from homestead. Among them, the order of mediating effect from large to small is homestead irreplaceability, psychological ownership and uncertainty perception; (4) In the process of accumulation of risk coping capacity, the mediation effect of endowments experienced the change of complete mediation-partial mediation-non-mediation, indicating that the accumulation of risk coping capacity helps to weaken the mediation effect of endowments. [Conclusion] The government should clarify the group of farmers with moderate risk carrying capacity, improve the mobilization and demonstration mechanism of homestead exit, improve the level of farmers’ policy cognition, improve the guarantee mechanism of farmers’ risk carrying capacity, and promote the transformation of homestead exit to people-oriented.

Energy‐saving and value‐added management in advanced catalysis is highly desirable but is challenged by the limitations of multifunctional catalysts and catalytic modules. Herein, an azo‐linked phthalocyanine‐porphyrin covalent organic framework (COF) with the ultrathin layered nanostructure grown on carbon nanotubes (NiPc‐azo‐H2Pp@CNTs) has been designed and synthesized, which can serve as a highly active and stable bifunctional heterojunction electrocatalyst for selective paired‐electrosynthesis through coupling anodic iodide oxidation reaction and cathodic CO2 conversion. Particularly, the inbuilt local microenvironment conferred by the dihydroporphyrin moieties in COF can act as a proton reservoir to promote the proton relay at the heterojunction interface during the electrocatalytic process. Moreover, through the cascade construction of dual electrocatalytic/organocatalytic modules, the cathode‐generated CO can be further converted to dimethyl carbonate with a yield of 6.21 mmol L−1 h−1, while the anode‐produced iodine can be derived into iodoform on the hundred‐milligram scale. It is worth noting that the value‐added cascade synthesis mediated by paired‐electrolysis using the distinctive and high‐powered electrocatalysts will help advance the sustainable development of industrial intelligent manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The covalent organic frameworks/polymers configurated with metal‐N4 conjugated structures offer an exceptional platform for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR). However, understanding the impact of the structure‐mediated local microenvironment and integrating CO2 electroreduction with follow‐up utilization toward extending chemical valorization of CO2 are still far from sufficient. Herein, a set of covalent phenanthroline‐porphyrin polymers are designed to decode the microenvironment modulation originating from built‐in structures, and the optimized one delivered an extraordinary performance for eCO2RR with ≈100% Faradaic efficiency of CO under stabilized CO2‐electrolysis of 70 h. The experimental and theoretical analyses suggest that the regulation of the Co‐N4 electronic structures and microenvironment convoys the stabilized formation of key reaction intermediate *COOH. Furthermore, through CO‐mediated electro/thermocatalytic tandem processes, the aminocarbonylation of aryl iodides and amines with high yields has been convincingly implemented over the coordinated Pd sites, which is remarkably helpful to propel extending chemical valorization of CO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the epidemiological trends of Alzheimer's disease in the elderly population in China from 1990 to 2019, and to provide a scientific basis for the specific formulation of prevention and treatment measures. Methods Based on data obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database, we analyzed quantitative changes in the number of incidences and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of Alzheimer's disease among people aged 60 to 89 years in China from 1990 to 2019. Trend changes over the period were assessed by calculating the annual percentage change (AAPC) and linkage regression analysis, age-period-cohort models were constructed by Statal7 to analyze trends in DALY incidence and rates along three dimensions: age, period, and cohort. Results The number of DALY and Alzheimer's disease incidence cases in the Chinese elderly population in 2019 was 1 526 516 and 5 034 024 person-years, respectively, with 5 829 523 and 1 956 623 person-years of DALY and Alzheimer's disease incidence in elderly men, and 943 563 and 3 077 401 person-years of DALY and Alzheimer's disease incidence in elderly women, respectively. The Chinese elderly population in 2019 Incidence and DALY rates were 600.49 per 100 000 and 1 980.23 per 100 000, respectively, increasing at an average rate of 1.12% and 0.81% per year, with a more pronounced increase in elderly men than in elderly women. Conclusion China's elderly population faces a heavy burden of disease from Alzheimer's disease, and the government should take immediate action to alleviate the heavy morbidity and financial burden on patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) converting CO2 into value‐added chemicals and fuels to realize carbon recycling is a solution to the problem of renewable energy shortage and environmental pollution. Among all the catalysts, the carbon‐based single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with isolated metal atoms immobilized on conductive carbon substrates have shown significant potential toward CO2RR, which intrigues researchers to explore high‐performance SACs for fuel and chemical production by CO2RR. Especially, regulating the coordination structures of the metal centers and the microenvironments of the substrates in carbon‐based SACs has emerged as an effective strategy for the tailoring of their CO2RR catalytic performance. In this review, the current in situ/operando study techniques and the fundamental parameters for CO2RR performance are first briefly presented. Furthermore, the recent advances in synthetic strategies which regulate the atomic structures of the carbon‐based SACs, including heteroatom coordination, coordination numbers, diatomic metal centers, and the microenvironments of substrates are summarized. In particular, the structure‐performance relationship of the SACs toward CO2RR is highlighted. Finally, the inevitable challenges for SACs are outlined and further research directions toward CO2RR are presented from the perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new triazine‐cored tricarboxylic acid, N,N′,N"‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐triyltris(cis‐4‐aminocyclohexane‐carboxylic acid) (H3L), has been prepared by replacing the chlorine atoms of cyanuric chloride with cis‐4‐aminocyclohexane‐carboxylic acid, which has been used for the construction of a series of triazine‐cored lanthanide‐based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). All these MOFs were structurally authenticated, revealing that they are isostructural and exist as two‐dimensional (2D) coordination networks with the general formula [Ln(L)(H2O)2]⋅5.5 H2O (Ln=1⋅Gd, 2⋅Tb, 3⋅Eu). A unique one‐dimensional water chain, composed of primary tetrameric cyclic rings and dodecameric cyclic rings, has been found entrapped in the lattice. Moreover, all these compounds display bright characteristic photoluminescence. Particularly, for 1, apart from the strong blue emission peak (Φf=20.6 %) corresponding to the intraligand transition under near‐UV excitation, the characteristic emissions of Gd3+ cation (Φf=5.0 %) were unexpectedly observed upon excitation at 273 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The covalent organic frameworks/polymers configurated with metal‐N4 conjugated structures offer an exceptional platform for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR). However, understanding the impact of the structure‐mediated local microenvironment and integrating CO2 electroreduction with follow‐up utilization toward extending chemical valorization of CO2 are still far from sufficient. Herein, a set of covalent phenanthroline‐porphyrin polymers are designed to decode the microenvironment modulation originating from built‐in structures, and the optimized one delivered an extraordinary performance for eCO2RR with ≈100% Faradaic efficiency of CO under stabilized CO2‐electrolysis of 70 h. The experimental and theoretical analyses suggest that the regulation of the Co‐N4 electronic structures and microenvironment convoys the stabilized formation of key reaction intermediate *COOH. Furthermore, through CO‐mediated electro/thermocatalytic tandem processes, the aminocarbonylation of aryl iodides and amines with high yields has been convincingly implemented over the coordinated Pd sites, which is remarkably helpful to propel extending chemical valorization of CO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing local microenvironments is one of the important strategies to improve the electrocatalytic performances, such as in electrochemical CO 2 reduction (ECR). However, effectively customizing these microenvironments remains a significant challenge. Herein, utilizing carbon nanotube (CNT) heterostructured semi-open Co-N 2 O 2 catalytic configurations (Co-salophen), we have demonstrated the role of the local microenvironment on promoting ECR through regulating the location of hydroxyl groups. Concretely, compared with the maximum Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 62% for carbon monoxide (CO) presented by Co-salophen/CNT without a hydroxyl microenvironment, the designed Co-salophen-OH 3 /CNT, featuring hydroxyl groups at the Co-N 2 O 2 structural opening, shows remarkable CO 2 -to-CO electroreduction activity across a wide potential window, with the FE of CO up to 95%. In particular, through the deuterium kinetic isotope experiments and theoretical calculations, we decoded that the hydroxyl groups act as a proton relay station, promoting the efficient transfer of protons to the Co-N 2 O 2 active sites. The finding demonstrates a promising molecular design strategy for enhancing electrocatalysis., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) converting CO 2 into value-added chemicals and fuels to realize carbon recycling is a solution to the problem of renewable energy shortage and environmental pollution. Among all the catalysts, the carbon-based single-atom catalysts (SACs) with isolated metal atoms immobilized on conductive carbon substrates have shown significant potential toward CO 2 RR, which intrigues researchers to explore high-performance SACs for fuel and chemical production by CO 2 RR. Especially, regulating the coordination structures of the metal centers and the microenvironments of the substrates in carbon-based SACs has emerged as an effective strategy for the tailoring of their CO 2 RR catalytic performance. In this review, the current in situ/operando study techniques and the fundamental parameters for CO 2 RR performance are first briefly presented. Furthermore, the recent advances in synthetic strategies which regulate the atomic structures of the carbon-based SACs, including heteroatom coordination, coordination numbers, diatomic metal centers, and the microenvironments of substrates are summarized. In particular, the structure-performance relationship of the SACs toward CO 2 RR is highlighted. Finally, the inevitable challenges for SACs are outlined and further research directions toward CO 2 RR are presented from the perspectives., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)