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Introduction: Nurses are now more likely to leave their current role in direct patient care than they were before the COVID-19 pandemic. Country culture and the organization of health care systems drive nurses' decisions to leave or stay in the profession. Methods: In a fall 2020 survey of nurse professional quality of life, a content analysis of responses to the open-ended question, " What has been challenging or rewarding during this pandemic experience?" was performed. Results were organized within Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory. Results: Six hundred and fifty-six nurses across five countries responded to the question; 526 comments were analyzed. Most (53.6%) respondents were staff bedside nurses. Themes, such as Distress and Fatigue and Building and Experiencing Social Capital were found and understood to reflect cultural values and dimensions such as Uncertainty Avoidance and Power Distance. Discussion: Recommendations include strengthening culturally tailored leadership knowledge to inform and facilitate countries' nurse retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This review investigated the outcomes and methodological quality of infant sleep intervention studies utilizing actigraphy. Background: Parents need appropriate support for infant sleep from nurses. There are few methodological reports of actigraphy in infant sleep intervention studies that objectively measure infant sleep in a natural setting. Design: This was a systematic review study. Data Sources Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL and PsycINFO were searched from database establishment to 30 December 2021. Review Methods: This systematic review utilized the Cochrane Collaboration review guidelines. Results: Eleven sleep intervention studies were reviewed. Three used extinction‐based behavioural interventions, and eight included parental education programs. The infant sleep interventions positively affected the sleep outcomes of both infants and parents. Fairly consistent effects were found on infants' number of awakenings and sleep onset latency. However, parental psychosocial outcomes were inconsistent. All studies reported device placement, the algorithm for analysis, the use of a sleep diary and number of days/nights, but external movements affecting infants' sleep records were insufficiently reported. Only two studies had a low risk of bias. Conclusions: The infant sleep interventions had positive effects on both infants and their parents. Comprehensive methodological considerations are required for more standardized assessments using actigraphy for infant sleep evaluation. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Strong evidence exists that behavioural interventions improve infant sleep.Infant sleep interventions using actigraphy have gradually increased in paediatric sleep research. What this paper adds: Behavioural interventions were found to be fairly effective for infants' sleep onset latency and night‐wakings.Parental education programs were inconsistent in their effectiveness on infant sleep outcomes, compared to extinction‐based behavioural interventions. Infant behavioural sleep interventions also did not show consistent positive effects on parental variables.The use of actigraphy with infants is challenging in terms of comparability across studies due to the lack of standardized criteria for defining and scoring daytime and nighttime sleep data, and unexpected external movement detection due to variability of infants' sleep conditions. The implications of this paper: This study contributes to nursing knowledge and practice by increasing the feasibility of implementing infant behavioural sleep interventions using actigraphy and considering family contexts.Meta‐analysis is needed to clarify the effectiveness of infant sleep interventions, and further studies should investigate the long‐term effects of infant sleep interventions.In infant sleep intervention studies using actigraphy, it is necessary to use subjective and objective measures as complementary modalities. Follow‐up studies are needed to establish standards in actigraphic measurement and reporting methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The known connection between placental hypoxia and the development of preeclampsia suggests that angiogenic factors in the placenta would be changed and affect the maternal and//or umbilical cord plasma levels in patients with preeclampsia. Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the difference and correlation of placental mRNA expression and maternal//umbilical cord plasma concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), angiopoietin-1, and angiopoietin-2 between women with severe preeclampsia and normal pregnancies. Methods. Sixteen patients with severe preeclampsia and 29 normotensive pregnant women were studied. The placental mRNA expression was assessed using real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Maternal//umbilical cord plasma levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Nonparametric methods were applied for statistical analysis. Results. Placental mRNA expression of angiopoietin-2 was significantly increased in patients with severe preeclampsia (p < 0.001). The maternal plasma angiopoietin-2 protein level was also significantly increased in women with severe preeclampsia (p < 0.05) and showed a positive correlation with the placental mRNA expression of angiopoietin-2 (r == 0.54, p < 0.005). For VEGF-A and angiopoietin-1, there were no significant differences between the two groups. A maternal plasma angiopoietin-2 concentration of 8.4 ng//mL had a sensitivity of 63%% and a specificity of 83%% for predicting severe preeclampsia. Conclusion. Placental angiopoietin-2 mRNA expression was increased and correlated with the maternal plasma angiopoietin-2 protein concentration in women with severe preeclampsia. This suggests that the plasma angiopoietin-2 protein level may be a candidate marker for severe preeclampsia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Active surveillance (AS) has been widely adopted as an alternative to immediate surgery owing to the indolent nature and favorable outcomes of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). AS is generally recommended for tumors measuring ≤1 cm without aggressive cytological subtypes, risk of gross extrathyroidal extension (ETE), lymph node metastasis (LNM), or distant metastasis. AS requires careful patient selection based on various patient and tumor characteristics, and ultrasound (US) findings. Moreover, during AS, regular US is performed to monitor any signs of tumor progression, including tumor growth, new US features of potential gross ETE, and LNM. Therefore, appropriate imaging-based assessment plays a crucial role in determining whether AS or surgery should be pursued. However, detailed recommendations concerning US evaluation are currently insufficient, necessitating the formulation of this guideline. The Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology has developed a consensus statement for low-risk PTMC, covering US assessment methods when considering AS as a management option and conducting follow-up imaging tests during AS. This guideline aims to provide optimal scientific evidence and expert opinion consensus regarding a standardized US-based assessment protocol for low-risk PTMC., Competing Interests: Dong Gyu Na, Jung Hwan Baek, and Soo Yeon Hahn, who hold respective positions as Section Editor and Editorial Board Members of the Korean Journal of Radiology, were not involved in the editorial evaluation or decision to publish this article. The remaining author has declared no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Korean Society of Radiology.)

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the necessity for innovative educational methods in nursing. Our study takes a unique approach using a multidisciplinary simulation design, which offers a systematic and comprehensive strategy for developing virtual reality (VR) simulations in nursing education., Objective: The aim of this study is to develop VR simulation content for a pediatric nursing module based on a multidisciplinary simulation design and to evaluate its feasibility for nursing education., Methods: This study used a 1-group, posttest-only design. VR content for pediatric nursing practice was developed by integrating the technological characteristics of a multimodal VR system with the learning elements of traditional nursing simulation, combining various disciplines, including education, engineering, and nursing. A user test was conducted with 12 nursing graduates (preservice nurses) followed by post hoc surveys (assessing presence, VR systems, VR sickness, and simulation satisfaction) and in-depth, one-on-one interviews., Results: User tests showed mean scores of 4.01 (SD 1.43) for presence, 4.91 (SD 0.81) for the VR system, 0.64 (SD 0.35) for VR sickness, and 5.00 (SD 1.00) for simulation satisfaction. In-depth interviews revealed that the main strengths of the immersive VR simulation for pediatric pneumonia nursing were effective visualization and direct experience through hands-on manipulation; the drawback was keyword-based voice interaction. To improve VR simulation quality, participants suggested increasing the number of nursing techniques and refining them in more detail., Conclusions: This VR simulation content for a pediatric nursing practice using a multidisciplinary educational design model was confirmed to have positive educational potential. Further research is needed to confirm the specific learning effects of immersive nursing content based on multidisciplinary design models., (©Ji-Young Yeo, Hyeongil Nam, Jong-Il Park, Soo-Yeon Han. Originally published in JMIR Medical Education (https://mededu.jmir.org), 26.07.2024.)