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As a refractory industrial solid waste, high-alumina fly ash is discharged into nature in large quantities, causing serious environmental harm. The extraction of valuable components, such as aluminum, from high-alumina fly ash has become a research hotspot at home and abroad. The shortcomings of traditional alumina extraction from high-alumina fly ash include long technological processes, large amounts of waste acid and alkali, and serious equipment corrosion. A novel method for alumina preparation by electrotransformation AlCl3 solution(EAS) under NH4Cl catalysis with injected CO2 has been proposed by Northeastern University. The process has advantages, such as short flow and no waste acid discharge. In this study, the influence of initial NH4Cl concentration in the cathodic chamber on solution pH, phase and morphology of electrotransformation products, phase, D(50) and D(90) of roasting products, and Al recovery rate were examined. Simultaneously, EAS was examined and compared with and without injected CO2, as well as EAS under NH4Cl catalysis with and without injected CO2. The results showed that, when the solution in the cathodic chamber was NH4Cl with CO2 injection, with electrotransformation time extension, pH increased slowly and the morphology of electrotransformation products were all rough and fluffy block structures. Increasing initial NH4Cl concentration effectively improved the product crystallization states, roasting products D(50) and D(90), and Al recovery rate.

As a refractory industrial solid waste, high-alumina fly ash is discharged into nature in large quantities, causing serious environmental harm. The extraction of valuable components, such as aluminum, from high-alumina fly ash has become a research hotspot at home and abroad. The shortcomings of traditional alumina extraction from high-alumina fly ash include long technological processes, large amounts of waste acid and alkali, and serious equipment corrosion. A novel method for alumina preparation by electrotransformation AlCl3 solution(EAS) under NH4Cl catalysis with injected CO2 has been proposed by Northeastern University. The process has advantages, such as short flow and no waste acid discharge. In this study, the influence of initial NH4Cl concentration in the cathodic chamber on solution pH, phase and morphology of electrotransformation products, phase, D(50) and D(90) of roasting products, and Al recovery rate were examined. Simultaneously, EAS was examined and compared with and without injected CO2, as well as EAS under NH4Cl catalysis with and without injected CO2. The results showed that, when the solution in the cathodic chamber was NH4Cl with CO2 injection, with electrotransformation time extension, pH increased slowly and the morphology of electrotransformation products were all rough and fluffy block structures. Increasing initial NH4Cl concentration effectively improved the product crystallization states, roasting products D(50) and D(90), and Al recovery rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expression of major glucose transporters such as GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 in the skeletal muscle can be estimated based on the physiological state of the tissue. In denervated muscles, the expression of GLUT-1 increases due to an increase in basal glucose transport but the expression of GLUT-4 is lost due to a decrease in insulin-stimulated glucose transport. The increments in GLUT-1 compensate for the loss of GLUT-4 to maintain insulin-stimulated glucose transport.

The discovery of stable narrow-band green emitting phosphor suitable for blue InGaN chip excitation is crucial to improve the color gamut of the phosphor converted backlighting device. However, it is a great challenge. Herein, a Mn2+ activated thermally stable narrow-band green emitting phosphor MgAl2O4:Mn2+ peaking at 525 nm with a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 35 nm and a quantum efficiency of 45% upon 450 nm blue-light excitation is demonstrated. This phosphor does not exhibit thermal quenching even up to 300 °C (109.5%@300 °C of the integrated emission intensity at 23 °C) due to the high rigidity of the host MgAl2O4. Using the as-synthesized optimized phosphor Mg0.95Al2O4:0.05Mn2+ as the green light component, and a commercial phosphor K2SiF6:Mn4+ as the red one, an InGaN chip excited white LED device with a color gamut of 116% National Television System Committee (NTSC) standard is obtained. Furthermore, by applying the fabricated LED device for backlights in a liquid crystal display (LCD) TV, a more colorful frame can be realized compared to when commercial LED backlights are used, suggesting that the Mn2+ ion based green emitting phosphor has great potential for application as LCD backlights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the application value of continuous nursing in improving the effects of home oxygen therapy for patients in the stable phase of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients in the stable phase of COPD (n=106) were selected and divided into the control group and observation group based on parity digit of their admission number. There were 53 cases in each group. The patients in the control group received COPD health education at discharge, while the observation group received continuous nursing. The effect of home oxygen therapy in both groups after 3 months was compared. RESULTS: The compliance in the observation group for home oxygen therapy was significantly higher than that in the control group. Blood gas analysis and various indicators of pulmonary function in the control group at follow-up visits were not changed compared with those before. In contrast, partial pressure of blood oxygen and blood oxygen saturation of the observation group were lower than those before discharge. With the increasing partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood, the indicators of pulmonary function became lower than before. Comparing the various indexes between both groups at follow-up visits, the differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). The selfcare ability and quality of life scores of patients in the observation group were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: By establishing health records and network platforms, continuous nursing can provide continuous health education and supervision for patients with COPD, which can effectively improve oxygen therapy compliance, self-care ability and quality of life. It has good application and promotional value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At a 5-m-high large-scale thermal state circulating fluidized bed (CFB) test rig adopting an automatic discrete control system, an experimental investigation on continuous combustion of oil shale was carried out, analyzing in detail the variation trade of bed temperature distribution and flue gas concentration, including oxygen (O2), moisture (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxide (NO), and nitrous oxide (N2O) at different operational factors consisting of bed temperature and O2concentration at cyclone outlet. The characteristics of nitrogen (N) conversion during continuous CFB combustion were calculated and analyzed emphatically. The results indicate that N2O and NO emissions decrease gradually when raising bed temperature, and increase considerably when lifting O2concentration during continuous combustion of oil shale. Adopting a detailed mechanism calculation method, the reaction mechanism during oil shale CFB combustion was studied. The conversion paths about key formation and decomposition mechanism between nitrogen components are that, first NO converting to NO2and N2O is reversible, then NO2converts to N2O easily, and finally N2O converts to N2. Promoting N2O formed by NO converted to N2but not NO is an effective method to decrease N2O and NO emissions. In addition, the high content of CaO in oil shale promotes catalysis on N2O decomposition. It plays an important role on combustion reaction rate of bed temperature and oxidative free radical, which shows that N gross conversion would remain at a lower level at the operational condition with bed temperature reaching to or above 850°C, and low N2O and NO emissions require excess air to be limited. The above finding can provide guidance for the operation and pollution control of oil shale-fired CFB boilers. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Serial-parallel centrifugal pumps (SPCPs) are a new type of pump with two working conditions: high head with low flow and low head with high flow. However, the motor of SPCPs is easily burned because of its various operating conditions. To clarify the effect of the flow field on the non-overload characteristics of SPCPs, revealing the non-uniformity of the flow distribution is necessary. This study derived the velocity triangle theory of the pump, and a numerical simulation by 3D models was conducted to investigate the internal flow patterns of SPCPs. The magnitude of the flow deviation angle at different cross-sections was calculated to evaluate the non-overload characteristics under different operating conditions. The results showed that the formula of the maximum shaft power and the local flow rate were two important parameters of the non-overload interpretation of the pump. The simulated results were in good agreement with the experimental results at the designed flow rate. In addition, the flow deviation angle under the serial operating condition, which was more likely to achieve the non-overload characteristics, was evidently higher than that under the parallel operating condition. The conclusions solved the issue on the theoretical design of the non-overload characteristics considered in a non-uniform flow in SPCPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: The tuberculosis (TB) program was carried out in the Changji zone in northwest of China. Directly Observed Treatment, Short-Course (DOTS) is a modern control strategy against tuberculosis recommended by World Health Organization. The purpose of this work is to describe the survival of post-treatment TB (PTB) patients and to identify the risk factors associated with mortality and treatment outcomes, so that effective measures and interventions could be used to decrease the mortality rate. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Registry of 4501 TB patients at Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) treated from 2007 to 2014 were collected. Mortality was used as an outcome measure and calculated per 100 person years of observation (PYO) from the date of completion of the treatment to the date of interview if the patients were alive or to the date of death. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression methods were used to determine the survival and hazard ratios. An indirect method of standardization was used to calculate the standard mortality ratio (SMR). RESULTS: The average PYO was 5.0 and the total was 21851. Mortality per 100 PYO was 1.9/100 PYO [223/11871] for smear-positive, 3.4/100 PYO [305/9048] for smear-negative and 2.4/100 PYO [22/932] for EPTB cases. Univariate and Cox regression analysis showed that age (p < 0.01), education (p < 0.01), occupation (p < 0.01) and economic status (p < 0.01) were associated with increased mortality. DISCUSSION: Since the mortality rate was higher in Post-treatment TB patients than the general population these patients need special health care. An integrated survival and associated mortality risk factors and information system is necessary for TB surveillance, personal health status and treatment management. Further studies are required to identify the causes of death in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]