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The timely and precise detection of forest fires is critical for halting the spread of wildfires and minimizing ecological and economic damage. However, the large variation in target size and the complexity of the background in UAV remote sensing images increase the difficulty of real-time forest fire detection. To address this challenge, this study proposes a lightweight YOLO model for UAV remote sensing forest fire detection (LUFFD-YOLO) based on attention mechanism and multi-level feature fusion techniques: (1) GhostNetV2 was employed to enhance the conventional convolution in YOLOv8n for decreasing the number of parameters in the model; (2) a plug-and-play enhanced small-object forest fire detection C2f (ESDC2f) structure was proposed to enhance the detection capability for small forest fires; (3) an innovative hierarchical feature-integrated C2f (HFIC2f) structure was proposed to improve the model's ability to extract information from complex backgrounds and the capability of feature fusion. The LUFFD-YOLO model surpasses the YOLOv8n, achieving a 5.1% enhancement in mAP and a 13% reduction in parameter count and obtaining desirable generalization on different datasets, indicating a good balance between high accuracy and model efficiency. This work would provide significant technical support for real-time forest fire detection using UAV remote-sensing images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A post-modified covalent organic skeleton (JLNU-305-Fe) for degradation of 2,4-DCP was prepared. This study provides a broad prospect for the practical application of COF materials in the degradation of organic pollutants. [Display omitted] Herein, a novel two-dimensional double-pore covalent organic framework (JLNU-305) was synthesized using N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)-1,4-phenylenediamine (TAPD) and 2,2′-bipyridine-5,5′-dicarboxaldehyde (BPDA). The extended π-π conjugated structure and nitrogen-riched pyridine in JLNU-305 (JLNU = Jilin Normal University) provide abundant binding sites for Fe doping. The obtained JLNU-305-Fe exhibited high and recycled catalytic efficiency for peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation to completely degrade 10 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) within 8 min. The JLNU-305-Fe/PDS system showed excellent catalytic activity and cyclic stability. The capture experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (ESR) analysis indicated that the catalytic behavior of JLNU-305-Fe/PDS is contributed to the synergistic effect between free radicals and non-free radicals. It is the first time to activate PDS for covalent organic frameworks (COFs) being used to degrade 2,4-DCP, which has a great potential for development and practical application in related water environment remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalysis is widely recognized as an efficient and environmentally friendly pathway for the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy. In recent years, designing efficient hydrogen evolution to obtain green clean energy has been one of the major challenges faced by researchers. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are considered as new and effective photocatalyst due to the inherent porosity, high crystallinity and structural adjustability. In this study, two metal-free thiophene-based covalent organic frameworks (JLNU-308 and JLNU-309) were constructed by solvothermal method through effective modulation sites. Because JLNU-COFs has a narrow band gap and good absorption capacity in the spectral range, the interfacial charge transfer speed is accelerated to solve the problem of low charge separation efficiency. Remarkably, JLNU-309 displays an impressive hydrogen evolution rate of 2868.57 μmol g−1 h−1 under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm). The superior hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity is due to the triazine units, which have high visible light absorption capacity, one-dimensional nanochannels of two-dimensional COFs and synergy with charge mobility. The photoelectrochemical measurements and calculation of density functional theory (DFT) supports the accuracy of the experiment. This work opens an avenue for constructing functional covalent organic frameworks for environmentally relevant critical applications. In addition, the simple synthesis process, excellent activity and high chemical stability indicate that JLNU-COFs are promising photocatalytic hydrogen production materials. • Two metal-free covalent organic frameworks were prepared for PHE. • JLNU-309 exhibited HER of up to 2868.57 μmol g−1 h−1, the AQY was 3.05% at 450 nm. • Triazine units can accelerate the interfacial charge transfer, inhibit the electron-hole recombination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social progress is inseparable from the utilization of energy, signals of extreme consumption of fossil energy and energy crisis appear frequently around the world. Human beings are paying more and more attention to new technologies and the sustainable development of energy collection and conversion. The emergence of piezoelectric, electromagnetic, electrostatic, and triboelectric mechanisms provides a variety of effective methods for new environmental energy collection and conversion technologies. Among them, the piezoelectric–electromagnetic hybrid energy harvester (P-EHEH) has been widely studied due to its high output power, simple structure, and easy miniaturization. Continuous progress has been made in the research of P-EHEH through theoretical exploration, structural optimization, and performance improvement. This Review focuses on the review of P-EHEH at the application level. A detailed introduction summarizes the research status of P-EHEH applied to human body devices, monitoring sensors, and power supply devices, as well as the development status of back-end electronic modules and interface circuits. The future challenges and development prospects of P-EHEH are anticipated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a piezoelectric energy harvesting device applicable to wireless mouse (WM-PEH). Adding magnetic force to the excitation piezoelectric generating unit makes the impact better and more pronounced. The polygonal roller can increase the excitation frequency of the piezoelectric generating unit and broaden the energy collection range and capability of the WM-PEH. The theoretical and simulation analysis of WM-PEH was carried out in this paper. The effects of the length ratio of the exciter rod to the support frame and the circular impact area on the output characteristics of the prototype were discussed in the experiment. When the length ratio of the exciter rod and the support rod is 3:1, the activity increment of the exciter rod is the largest, and the maximum output voltage can reach 42 V and the maximum output power is 22.43 mW when it acts on a circular generator set with a radius of 1.5 mm. The design of the device is highly integrated with the wireless mouse that is widely used, and the piezoelectric energy harvesting mechanism and the wireless mouse are perfectly combined, which provides a scientific basis for the subsequent development of a self-powered wireless mouse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simultaneous improvement in dielectric, water resistance and mechanical properties of polyimide (PI) films is critical for their practical use, but difficult to achieve. Herein, a sandwich‐type porous GO/PI film with excellent comprehensive properties was obtained through integrating a GO‐containing complex, fluorine‐containing porous structure and sandwich‐type distribution of porous structure by a simple, low‐cost and green breath figure method. With the addition of only a small amount of GO‐containing complex, a low dielectric constant of 2.21, water absorption of 0.51%, increment in dielectric constant after moisture treatment of 1.60% and high tensile strength of 113.1 MPa, tensile modulus of 1.70 GPa, with 35.39%, 79.42%, 81.81% of reduction and 17.22%, 21.43% of increase compared to PI film were shown, respectively. Moreover, these properties could be adjusted through regulating the component and porous structure by changing the parameters of breath figure method. These outstanding properties make the film a promising candidate for high‐performance low‐dielectric materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Microwave absorption materials can protect humanity from harmful electromagnetic radiation, but it is still a challenge to absorb electromagnetic radiation with different bands simultaneously. Herein, an effective strategy for obtaining WSe 2 @CNTs nanohybrids is reported. The conductive network and polarization of WSe 2 @CNTs nanohybrids can be tailored by confinedly implanting WSe 2 nanosheets on multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The electromagnetic properties and microwave absorption performance of the nanohybrids are effectively adjusted via changing the hybrid ratio of WSe 2 and CNTs. Multi-band microwave absorption is achieved with up to three bands. The reflection loss (RL) of the sample can reach −60.1 dB, and the bandwidth can reach 4.24 GHz (RL ≤ −10 dB). The excellent microwave absorption performance is attributed to the conductance and multiple relaxations, as well as the synergistic effect of the two. This result confirms that WSe 2 @CNTs nanohybrids are potential candidates for high-efficiency microwave absorbers and provide a valuable pathway for designing high-performance microwave absorption materials in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the optimization of urban charging facilities expansion in response to the growing charging demand and proposes a data-driven bi-level optimization framework. The proposed framework combines a mixed-integer programming model for siting and capacity planning, an improved sparrow search algorithm (ISSA) for hyperparameter optimization of the CNN-BiLSTM model, and the application of Benders decomposition with Lagrangian relaxation using Gurobi for solving the model. The proposed approach is empirically evaluated through a case study conducted in an administrative area of a Chinese city, using comprehensive charging records and other relevant information. The results demonstrate that the ISSA consistently outperforms other algorithms, showing an average improvement of 23.97 % in root mean square error, 19.25 % in average absolute percentage error, and 1.50 % in the determination coefficient. The modified Diebold-Mariano test confirms the significant advantage of ISSA. Based on the model analysis, the study recommends constructing 20 new charging stations in the case city, with more than half equipped with fast chargers. This strategy ensures that 95 % of the area can find a charging station within 5 min while also ensuring the operator's profitability. The research findings provide effective support for investment decisions related to charging facilities. • A data-driven optimization framework is designed to integrate diverse urban data. • An optimization model based on benders decomposition is studied. • A case study in a Chinese city is implement to validate the proposed method. • An investment analyze is made to evaluate expansion plan rationality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three different natural preservatives on the microbial profile, the total volatile base nitrogen (TVB‐N), and biogenic amine contents of vacuum‐packed chilled pork during storage at 4°C. Solution A comprised of tea polyphenols, chitosan, spice extract, propolis, and nisin. Solution B comprised of clove extract, cassia bark extract, ginger juice, garlic juice, and lactobacillus fermentation solution. Solution C consisted of only lactobacillus fermentation solution. The results indicated that solution A was a good natural preservative with higher bacteria inhibitory effect and higher sensory score than B and C. Besides the effect on appealing color, solution B could inhibit microbial activity although its inhibition effect was not as good as solution A. Thus, solution A could be used as a good preservative in industry. Solution C could inhibit the initial growth of Pseudomonas and partially inhibited the growth of Enterobacteriaceae; however, the content of putrescine in the pork treated with solution C was as high as 30.14 ± 2.89 mg/kg after 21 days of storage at 4°C. Hence, solution C is not an ideal preservative for vacuum‐packed chilled pork. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neurogenic inflammation, mediated by the activation of primary neurons, is thought to be an important factor in migraine pathophysiology. Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) can suppress the immune response through the Programmed cell death-1 receptor. However, the role of PD-L1/PD-1 in migraine remains unclear. In this study we evaluated the expression and role of PD-L1/PD-1 in the trigeminal ganglia in an animal model of acute migraine.Methods: Acute nitroglycerin induces acute mechanical hyperalgesia that can be used as a readout of migraine-like pain. We investigated the expression of PD-L1 and PD-1 in the trigeminal ganglia in a mouse model by means of immunofluorescence labeling, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. We explored the effects of PD-1 in a migraine model by the von Frey test and by analyzing the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-18 (IL-18), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV4) after the intravenous injection of a PD-1 inhibitor.Results: PD-L1 and PD-1 immunoreactivity were present in healthy trigeminal ganglia neurons. The mRNA levels of PD-L1 and PD-1 were significantly elevated 2 h, 4 h and 6 h after acute nitroglycerin treatment (p < 0.05). The protein levels of PD-L1 were significantly increased 2 h, 4 h and 6 h after treatment, and PD-1 was significantly increased at 2 h and 6 h. The blockade of PD-1 increased acute nitroglycerin-induced hyperalgesia, and this effect was accompanied by a more significant increase in calcitonin gene-related peptide, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-18 in the trigeminal ganglia.Conclusion: These findings suggest that PD-L1 and PD-1 might inhibit migraine-like pain by downregulating CGRP and inflammatory factors in the trigeminal ganglia. The use of PD-L1 and PD-1 as analgesics should be further studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the complexity of power repair in mountainous areas and the limitations of traditional vehicles due to terrain constraints, this study focuses on the three-dimensional trajectory planning problem of UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) in mountainous environments. Our goal is to provide effective solutions for the trajectory planning problem of UAVs in mountainous environments. Firstly, a UAV trajectory planning model is established, incorporating optimization objectives such as energy consumption, trajectory cost, obstacle avoidance cost, smoothing cost, and stability cost. The trajectory planning problem is transformed into an objective function optimization task with multiple performance constraints. To overcome the inefficiency and infeasibility of traditional algorithms in solving complex three-dimensional flight environments, we propose improvements to the Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm through three strategies: incorporating mutation crossover factor optimization strategy, an adaptive guidance mechanism, and an elite disturbance mechanism based on population classification. The Multi-Strategy Improved Differential Evolution (MSIDE) algorithm is introduced, and its time and space complexity are analyzed. Finally, the proposed method is compared with various algorithms through benchmark functions tests, Friedman test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, simulation experiments in three-dimensional environments, and parameter sensitivity analysis experiments. The simulation results show that compared with the current state-of-the-art algorithms, the MSIDE algorithm improves the objective function value by 11.34% on average in regular terrain and 5.04% on average in complex terrain environments. The results demonstrate the convergence, multi-objective search capability, and global search ability of MSIDE, validating its effectiveness in solving the trajectory planning problem of UAVs in complex mountainous environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • HEH provides new power supply solutions for marine and river monitoring equipment. • Mixed use of PEH and EMH improves prototype output performance. • The use of non-contact magnetism can improve service life. • Prototypes can easily power some commercial sensing electronics. Water contains a great amount of potential energy, out of this, an energy harvesting and converting solution from water is very promising for green renewable energy. In this paper, a hybrid energy harvester (HEH) is proposed, which has a combination of piezoelectric and electromagnetic mechanisms for energy conversion. Two piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEH) and two electromagnetic energy harvesters (EMH) can work synchronously to achieve high-performance output. The structural variables of the prototype are studied and analyzed through the self-designed experimental test system. When the prototype is assembled with optimal structural parameters, the maximum output voltages of a single PEH and EMH are 56.24 V and 1.016 V. The maximum output power of HEH is 22.78mW, which is 21 % higher than that of PEH and 253011 % higher than that of EMH. Subsequent underwater tests and a series of application tests were performed to verify the performance of the HEH, showing that it can easily power some commercially available sensors and small electronic devices. Experimental results show that HEH is promising in wireless self-powering and self-sensing. It provides a new power supply scheme for laying power supply without grid for monitoring equipment in deep sea and ocean environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The P-ESSD can realize self-powered wireless transmission of self-aware signals. • The use of non-contact magnetism can improve service life. • The effect of magnet size on different energy conversion parts is analyzed in detail. • It operates stably as a self-powered sensor that can monitor the vehicle. Based on the energy and resources wasted in urban traffic congestion, as well as the strategic goals of energy saving, emission reduction, and sustainable development are constantly being valued. This paper proposes the P-ESSD for vehicle monitoring. The PEH and the EMH are combined as self-powered and self-sensing modules in this device. The PEH is used to supply energy to the EMH for the wireless transmission of self-sensing signals. The influence of the rectangular magnet in PEH, the coil and the cylindrical magnet in EMH on the output performance of the prototype is studied. Under the optimal parameter conditions of prototype assembly, the maximum output voltage of PEH is 60.62 V pp , and the maximum output voltage of EMH is 3.81 V pp. The ability of simultaneously self-power supply and self-sensing was verified with eight prototype arrays installed into the deceleration belt and tested on the actual road. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is important to reduce dielectric constant while maintaining or improving water resistance and mechanical properties for the practical use of porous low-dielectric materials. Herein, a composite film in which GO and fluorinated PI (FPI) contained porous structure located on the surface of flat PI film was prepared by the simple breath figure method. The incorporation of GO/surfactant can break the design contradiction between low dielectric constant and high mechanical strength for porous structure, thereby realizing the synchronous promotion of dielectric and mechanical properties. Moreover, the water absorption of composite film was decreased significantly due to the synergy of fluorine atoms, porous structure and GO/surfactant, guarantee its high robustness to humid stress. The dielectric, water resistance and mechanical properties of the composite film could be regulated through varying the casting humidity and GO/surfactant content. A low dielectric constant of 2.3, water absorption of 0.6 % and high tensile strength of 122 MPa, with 31.11 % and 75.88 % of decrease and 26.99 % of increase compared to flat PI film was exhibited with the GO/surfactant loading of only 0.5 wt%. The dielectric constant of composite film is still below 2.5 after moisture treatment. These excellent properties facilitate the application of GO/PI composite film in microelectronics. Mutual restraint between low dielectric constant and high mechanical strength was broken via a porous GO/PI composite film, accompanied by excellent water resistance property. [Display omitted] • A porous GO/PI coating for PI film was fabricated using self-assembly method. • Contradiction between low dielectric constant and high mechanical strength was broken. • The composite film exhibited low dielectric constant and water uptake. • The composite film exhibited excellent environmental adaptability in humid environment. • The mechanical properties were improved when other properties were optimized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aircraft icing due to severe cold and local factors increases the risk of flight delays and safety issues. Therefore, this study focuses on optimizing de-icing allocation and adapting to dynamic flight schedules at medium to large airports. Moreover, it aims to establish a centralized de-icing methodology employing unmanned de-icing vehicles to achieve the dual objectives of minimizing flight delay times and enhancing airport de-icing efficiency. To achieve these goals, a mixed-integer bi-level programming model is formulated, where the upper-level planning guides the allocation of de-icing positions and the lower-level planning addresses the collaborative scheduling of the multiple unmanned de-icing vehicles. In addition, a two-stage algorithm is introduced, encompassing a Mixed Variable Neighborhood Search Genetic Algorithm (MVNS-GA) as well as a Multi-Strategy Enhanced Heuristic Greedy Algorithm (MSEH-GA). Both algorithms are rigorously assessed through horizontal comparisons. This demonstrates the effectiveness and competitiveness of these algorithms. Finally, a model simulation is conducted at a major northwestern hub airport in China, providing empirical evidence of the proposed approach's efficiency. The results show that research offers a practical solution for optimizing the use of multiple unmanned de-icing vehicles in aircraft de-icing tasks at medium to large airports. Therefore, delays are mitigated, and de-icing operations are improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Created a refined water resource allocation model. • Combining grid idea and remote sensing technology. • It reflects the change of water supply and demand in space and numerical value. • PSO algorithm is introduced to reduce the difficulty in solving the model. • It changes the extensive consideration in water supply nodes and water use nodes. The traditional optimal allocation of water resources mostly focuses on the allocation of different water supply sources to various types of water users in life, production, and ecology, and cannot reflect the differences in time and space of a certain type of water users. Therefore, this paper constructs a refined model for the optimal allocation of water resources, and further explores the optimal allocation of water resources with multiple water sources, multiple users, and multiple objectives. The main steps of the model construction are: (1) Regional gridding. The planting structure map and land use type map of the same resolution in the study area are selected and superimposed on them, the application attributes of each cell can be directly obtained. (2) Water demand gridding. On the basis of gridding in the study area, according to the application attributes of each cell, the quota method is used to predict the water demand of each cell. Then the water demand forecast result for the entire research area is obtained. (3) Water supply gridding. It is possible to reflect the types of water supply sources that a certain or a certain type of cell can accept, as well as the types of water supply sources that can be supplied by a certain type of water supply sources, by determining the types of water supply sources in the research area. The supply ranges that various water supply sources can reach, followed by the completion of the water supply grid. (4) According to the results of water demand gridding and water supply gridding, the water demand of each cell and the corresponding water supply source and water supply topological relationship are established, and the objective function is to minimize water shortage and maximize economic benefits to build a refined model for the optimal allocation of water resources.(5) The particle swarm algorithm is introduced to solve it, and the Pareto optimal solutions is obtained to determine the optimal water distribution for each cell. (6) Taking Guantao County, China as an example, the model was applied. In terms of minimum water shortage, the total water demand in Guantao County is predicted to be 118.8719 million m3 in the planning year (P = 50 %), while the total water supply is 125.2818 million m3. The water supply can meet the demand for water. In terms of financial advantages, the planned level of water Annual economic benefits will amount to 4.0865 million yuan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• WSe 2 @CNTs/Co 3 O 4 with tunable electromagnetic properties was constructed. • Excellent microwave absorption was demonstrated. • Multi-band microwave absorption with three absorption bands was achieved. • The synergistic effect of dielectric and magnetic loss was revealed. The ideal electromagnetic (EM) absorption material requires high efficiency, broadband absorption, lightweight and multi-band absorption. Conventional dielectric materials have limitations in microwave absorption due to the single attenuation mechanism. Introducing magnetic materials is an effective strategy to improve the microwave attenuation capability of absorbers. In this work, the novel ternary WSe 2 @CNTs/Co 3 O 4 nanocomposites with efficient multi-band EM absorption capabilities were fabricated, its minimum reflection loss (RL) can reach up to −54.09 dB and the effective bandwidth (BW) of RL < −10 dB can reach 4.64 GHz. Meanwhile, the BW can be effectively tuned by optimizing the content of Co 3 O 4 and thickness of absorbers to achieve multiband absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a rotating piezoelectric ambient wind energy harvesting device with wind turbine structure (R-PWEH), which mainly consists of wind turbine, support structure, excitation module, and power generation unit. This paper mainly investigates the effect of wind turbines with a different number of fan blades and units with different shapes of power generation on the performance output of R-PWEH. A series of experimental studies were conducted on the R-PWEH in the wind speed range of 0–20 m/s. In the experimental study at a wind speed of 16 m/s, the maximum voltage output of the R-PWEH was 114.24 V when the wind turbine with 11 fan blades and the rectangular cantilever beam power generation unit was installed. The optimal external load at this point is 8 kΩ and the maximum output power is 36.89 mW. The fastest charging rate for the capacitor at this parameter allows for easy powering of multiple light-emitting diodes for illumination. It has good prospects for development in practical applications, such as the ability to power micro and small sensors. • The wind turbine can better collect wind energy from the environment. • The use of excitation rod improves overall power generation efficiency. • The effects of different cantilever shapes on R-PWEH are analyzed in detail. • Hermetically sealed housing improves overall environmental adaptability. • It can supply power for micro-electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has been widely studied in the field of energy and resource conversion. Herein, a metal-free sulfur-containing covalent organic framework material (JLNU-300) was designed and synthesized using thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2,5-dicarboxaldehyde (TTDC) as an efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline solution. The test analysis results showed that JLNU-300 had high crystallinity and specific surface area (298.99 m2 g−1). In addition, the material has high electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity, with an overpotential value of 290 mV and a Tafel slope of 99 mv dec−1 at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. The introduction of thiophene groups effectively changed the electronic structure and chemical properties of the COF framework, and the high crystallinity and specific surface area of the COF itself increased the effective contact area between reactants and active points, thus promoting the HER process. The results show that the reasonable structure design of COFs can further promote their wide application in the field of electrocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harvesting wind energy using piezoelectric materials is expected to be an alternative solution for powering wireless sensing networks. This paper proposed a nonlinear isometric L-shaped cantilever beam type piezoelectric wind energy harvester based on magnetic coupling (L-PWEH). The transducer consists of an array of equidistant L-shaped piezoelectric vibrators that are sealed inside the shell. It greatly improves the equivalent piezoelectric coefficient, robustness, and wind speed range for reliable operation. Theoretical and simulation analyses of the structural parameters related to the widening of the L-PWEH were performed. The prototype was built and the experimental system was constructed to verify the feasibility of the L-PWEH and the results of the analyses. Experiments have shown that increasing the magnetic force, additional springs, and the appropriate quantity of excitation magnets can effectively increase the output voltage and widen the wind speed range at high voltage output. When the wind speed is 16.35 m/s and the load resistance is 2 MΩ, the best output power of the piezoelectric vibrator is 142.3 µW. At this time, the height of the middle excitation magnet of the prototype is 12 mm, the number is 5, and the wire diameter of the additional spring is 1 mm. The prototype can successfully make the electronics work properly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A buckwheat trypsin inhibitor mutant with enhanced activity (rEBTI) was expressed, purified, and immobilized onto Sepharose CL-4B matrix. The optimum pH for the adsorption by, and desorption of porcine trypsin from the rEBTI-Sepharose CL-4B column were 8 and 3.5, respectively. The rEBTI-Sepharose CL-4B was applied to purify trypsin from grass carp hepatopancreas to verify its practical utility. The enzyme was purified by one-step chromatography and migrated as a single band with molecular mass of 27 kDa from sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The optimal temperature and pH of the purified enzyme were 60 °C and 9.5, respectively, and it was stable within pH 6.0–12.0. The apparent K m value of the purified enzyme was determined as 3.4 × 10−5 M using N-benzoyl- dl -arginine-nitroanilide as substrate. The trypsin was activated by Ba2+ and Mg2+, but was inhibited by Zn2+, EDTA and vitamin C. The novel trypsin affinity material rEBTI-Sepharose CL-4B could obtain grass carp trypsin of high purify by one-step purification, which is less tedious and more cost-effective than most current methods. The process can produce the enzyme in high purity to meet high-end biotechnological applications in the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries. • A buckwheat trypsin inhibitor mutant (rEBTI) with enhanced activity. • The rEBTI was immobilized onto Sepharose CL-4B gel. • Highly purified carp trypsin was prepared with the immobilized rEBTI-Sepharose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunotherapy represented by programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) monoclonal antibodies has led tumor treatment into a new era. However, the low overall response rate and high incidence of drug resistance largely damage the clinical benefits of existing immune checkpoint therapies. Recent studies correlate the response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade with PD-L1 expression levels in tumor cells. Hence, identifying molecular targets and pathways controlling PD-L1 protein expression and stability in tumor cells is a major priority. In this study, we performed a Stress and Proteostasis CRISPR interference screening to identify PD-L1 positive modulators. Here, we identified TRAF6 as a critical regulator of PD-L1 in melanoma cells. As a non-conventional E3 ubiquitin ligase, TRAF6 is inclined to catalyze the synthesis and linkage of lysine-63 (K63) ubiquitin which is related to the stabilization of substrate proteins. Our results showed that suppression of TRAF6 expression down-regulates PD-L1 expression on the membrane surface of melanoma cells. We then used in vitro and in vivo assays to investigate the biological function and mechanism of TRAF6 and its downstream YAP1/TFCP2 signaling in melanoma. TRAF6 stabilizes YAP1 by K63 poly-ubiquitination modification, subsequently promoting the formation of YAP1/TFCP2 transcriptional complex and PD-L1 transcription. Inhibition of TRAF6 by Bortezomib enhanced cytolytic activity of CD8+ T cells by reduction of endogenous PD-L1. Notably, Bortezomib enhances anti-tumor immunity to an extent comparable to anti-PD-1 therapies with no obvious toxicity. Our findings reveal the potential of inhibiting TRAF6 to stimulate internal anti-tumor immunological effect for TRAF6-PD-L1 overexpressing cancers. • TRAF6 was screened out as a positive modulator of PD-L1 in melanoma cells. • TRAF6 stabilized YAP1 with K63 poly-ubiquitin chains at a novel YAP1K497 site. • TRAF6 promoted nucleus shuttle of YAP1 and increased PD-L1 transcription with YAP1/TFCP2 complex. • TFCP2 was identified as a novel transcriptional factor of PD-L1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper is to study a piezoelectric energy harvester in the form of vortex oscillation for fixed disturbance fluid type. The harvester consists of a fixed cylinder, an oscillating cylinder, flexible beams, and polyvinylidene fluorides (PVDFs). The flexible beam connects the fixed cylinder to the oscillating cylinder, and the PVDF is fixed to the flexible beam by means of adhesive, thus completing the assembly of the entire energy harvester. In this paper, the diameters of the fixed cylinder and oscillating cylinder and the length of the flexible beam are studied. In different parameter states, the harvester has different output performance; so the purpose of this study is to find a set of optimum parameters that will lead to the best harvester output. When the diameters of the fixed cylinder and oscillating cylinder are 50 and 20 mm, respectively, and the length of the flexible beam is 60 mm, the whole prototype has the best electrical output performance with 5.98 µW power at 18 m/s. The whole prototype is sensitive to excitation at any wind speed and is able to convert and collect even weak streaming excitation energy from the environment. This structure offers greater reliability and durability than the disturbed fluid oscillation type piezoelectric harvester. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water deficit and soil salinization are the primary abiotic stress factors hindering maize growth. To assess the effect of water and salt stress on xylem embolism in maize and investigate the relationship between drought resistance and xylem vulnerability, a greenhouse experiment was designed using two maize cultivars, Zhengdan 958 (drought-resistant) and Denghai 605 (drought-sensitive). Four treatments were included: control (CK), water deficit (WD), salt stress (SS), and combined water and salt stress (WS). Various hydraulic characteristic indicators, such as stem xylem water potential, leaf xylem water potential, the specific hydraulic conductivity ( K s ) and percentage loss of conductivity (PLC), were analyzed. Specific hydraulic conductivity curves and vulnerability curves were constructed, and the hydraulic safety margin (HSM) of the xylem was determined based on stomatal conductance ( G s ). The results indicated that the hydraulic conductivity and embolism resistance of maize xylem were not correlated. Compared to Denghai 605, Zhengdan 958 had lower maximum specific hydraulic conductivity K s m a x and P 50 values (xylem water potential at 50% PLC) in all treatments, indicating lower water transport capacity but stronger resistance to embolism. Under single-cultivar conditions, salt stress had a greater inhibitory effect on K s m a x and HSM in maize xylem compared to water deficit; thus, more severe embolism was found under salt stress. Under different treatment conditions, Zhengdan 958 had a larger HSM than Denghai 605, showing a wider water transport safety range and overall superior water transport security. To summarize, water and salt stress inhibited the water transport efficiency of the xylem in maize stems, and stronger drought-resistant cultivars showed greater resistance to embolism and larger hydraulic safety margins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Different degrees of neurotmesis of the peripheral facial nerve frequently are encountered in clinic, for which the epineurial neurorrhaphy is the preferred technique. However, because of the capability of self-restoration of nerves and the side effects of surgery, neurorrhaphy may not be an optimal choice for various degrees of neurotmesis. In this study, we explored the necessity of epineurial neurorrhaphy for different degrees of neurotmesis, in addition to investigating factors that impact neural functional recovery. Methods Rat models were divided into 6 groups: intact, noninjured controls; A, one-third cross-sectional facial nerve disconnected injury after epineurial neurorrhaphy; B, one-third cross-sectional facial nerve disconnected injury without epineurial neurorrhaphy; C, two-thirds cross-sectional facial nerve disconnected injury after epineurial neurorrhaphy; D, two-thirds cross-sectional facial nerve disconnected injury without epineurial neurorrhaphy; and E, two-thirds cross-sectional facial nerve disconnection followed by complete transection and neurorrhaphy. Facial functional recovery was assessed with the use of behavioral assessments and electrophysiologic tests. The morphologic changes of trunk of the facial nerve were analyzed by osmium-toluidine blue staining and immunofluorescence. The modification of central nervous system was evaluated by retrograde labeling and Nissl's staining of facial nerve nuclei. Results Concerning morphologic and functional assessments, there were no statistically significant differences between one-third facial nerve disconnected injury with or without epineurial neurorrhaphy and the intact model. For two-thirds facial nerve disconnected injury, direct neurorrhaphy was superior to complete transection followed by neurorrhaphy. For two-thirds facial nerve disconnected injury, the nerves can largely self-restore in neural structure and function without the use of epineurial neurorrhaphy. For the facial nerve nuclei, the number of neurons decreased in the more than two-thirds nerve disconnected models, and models with two-thirds disconnection and without neurorrhaphy had the least number of neurons. For the distribution of neurons in different facial nerve subnuclei, both models with two-thirds nerve disconnection without neurorrhaphy and models with two-thirds nerve disconnection after complete transection and neurorrhaphy demonstrated disorganization of neurons, in which the latter was more serious. Conclusions For one-third disconnected facial nerve injury, there's no need to suture the nerve stump, although for residual one-third connected nerve injury, direct suture is preferable if permitted than pre-performing a complete transection to trim the stump. Residual one-third connected nerve fibers largely can self-restore. The results from this study indicate that neural functional defect may be attributed to the damage and misdirection of peripheral nerve fibers and central neurons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of precision miniaturization of fluid transfer devices, high transfer performance and miniaturization for fluid transfer devices are valued. This paper proposes a valveless piezoelectric pump with a combination of rhinoceros horn and V-channel. High output performance is achieved by exploiting the unidirectional flow effect caused by the different coefficients of pressure loss in the forward and reverse directions caused by the convex and concave curved sections of the rhino horn and the V-channel. The theoretical analysis of the energy loss in the cavity and the simulation of the flow field in the cavity confirm the effectiveness of the structure. The theoretical optimum angle combination was further determined by varying the rhinoceros horn out-swing angle and the V-channel angle (10°, 20°, 30°). The experimental data showed that the optimum output flow rate was 86.8 ml/min at 160 V and 40 Hz with channel angle of 20° and swing angle of 10°. This combined valveless piezoelectric pump reduces backflow, improves pump output performance and is expected to be used in biomedical high viscosity precision fluid transfer devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a rotary piezoelectric wind energy harvester with bilateral excitation (B-RPWEH) that improves power generation performance. The power generating unit in the current piezoelectric cantilever wind energy harvester was primarily subjected to a periodic force in a single direction. The B-RPWEH adopted a reasonable bilateral magnet arrangement, thus avoiding the drawbacks of limited piezoelectric cantilever beam deformation and unstable power generation due to unidirectional excitation force. The factors affecting the power generation were theoretically analyzed, and the natural frequency and excitation force of the piezoelectric cantilever have been simulated and analyzed. A comprehensive experimental research method was used to investigate the output performance. The B-RPWEH reaches a maximum output voltage of 20.48 Vpp when the piezoelectric sheet is fixed at an angle of 30°, the Savonius turbine number is 3, and the magnet diameter is 8 mm. By adjusting the fixed angle of the piezoelectric sheet, the number of Savonius wind turbine blades, and the magnet diameter, the maximum voltage is increased by 52.38%, 4.49%, and 245.95%, respectively. The output power is 24.5 mW with an external resistor of 8 kΩ, and the normalized power density is 153.14 × 10−3 mW/mm3, capable of powering light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This structure can drive wireless networks or low-power electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • MXene based ordered porous film is prepared through a simple self-assembly process. • MXene restacking is inhibited at multiscale and electrochemical performance is enhanced. • MXene based porous film show high sensitivity and low detection limit to DA sensing. • Good anti-interference, repeatability, reproducibility, stability and accuracy are shown. • The sensing performance can be optimized through controlling the porous structure. Restacking or aggregation inhibition of MXene nanosheets is crucial to the maintenance of their excellent electrochemical performance during use. In this study, a positively charged surfactant is inserted into the MXene nanolayers through a simple self-assembly process based on electrostatic interaction, producing a MXene/surfactant complex with enlarged interlayer spacing. Then 3D MXene-based porous structure could be prepared by the facile and low-cost breath figure method, in which MXene/surfactant complex is used as a casting material, therefore the inhibition of restacking or aggregation and increase of surface area at multiscale are realized in one system at the same time. Benefiting from the high conductivity of MXene and increased surface area of 3D porous structure that can provide massive active sites and facilitate the electrolyte infiltration and ion or electron access, enhanced electrochemical performance, for instance, electrochemical sensing of dopamine (DA) is shown. A low detection limit of 36.8 nM with excellent anti-interference, reproducibility, repeatability and long-term stability is realized. Good accuracy for DA detection in real biological samples is also confirmed by determining DA concentration in complex human urine samples. More importantly, porous structure such as pore size, uniformity, order and porosity can be adjusted through tuning the fabrication conditions, thereby regulating its electrochemical properties. This work not only provides a high-performance electrode for electrochemical sensing, but also offers a simple and practical strategy for the construction of 3D porous MXene film that holds great potential in electromagnetic interference shielding, supercapacitors and batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A hierarchical structured nano-micro "vine" was constructed inspired by nature. • The growth mechanism of Co 3 O 4 @WSe 2 -MWCNTs was deeply revealed. • Excellent microwave absorption and efficient green EMI shielding were achieved. • Competitive supercapacitance performance was demonstrated. • A novel device was constructed for electromagnetic energy conversion and storage. The rapid development of electronic technology has brought great convenience to human society, however, serious electromagnetic (EM) radiation pollution and energy problems are also coming to the fore. Effective addressing and conversing EM pollution is a crucial topic. Here, inspired by green vines in nature, a hierarchical structured nano-micro "vine" was constructed. Thanks to the synergistic enhancement among carbon nanotube "stems", tungsten diselenide "leaves" and cobalt tetroxide "chloroplasts", excellent microwave absorption with a reflection loss (RL) of up to −56.9 dB and effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.56 GHz was obtained. More meaningful, efficient green electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding was achieved and a credibility index of green EMI shielding (c g) was proposed for the first time. In addition, considerable supercapacitance performance was obtained. Creatively, we constructed a microwave recovery device integrated multi-function. Harmful EM radiation is efficiently harvested and converted into useful electrical energy and stored. This work provides a pioneering strategy for designing EM functional materials and handling EM pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the great potential of rotary piezoelectric energy harvesters in environmental monitoring and energy harvesting, a great deal of research has been conducted by scholars. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the recent research progress of rotary piezoelectric energy harvesters in terms of literature background, excitation principles, practical applications and interface circuits. According to the different excitation methods, we divide the rotary piezoelectric energy harvester into centrifugal, impact, tensile (compression), magnetic and compound types, and describe and evaluate the different research results. Meanwhile the current potential applications of rotating piezoelectric energy harvesters can be divided into three categories: wearable devices, vehicle wheels and other applications, and the corresponding research progress is reviewed. Through the review and analysis of different excitation modes, application scenarios and the back-end energy interface circuits, the reference is improved for the design and research of the rotary piezoelectric energy harvester with high output performance. In addition, this paper also proposes future research directions and challenges. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • WSe 2 @CNTs heterojunction with highly efficient wave absorption was constructed. • WSe 2 @CNTs heterojunction has green EMI shielding function. • The mechanism of tunable EM properties for dual EM functions was revealed. CNTs, with high electrical conductivity, are considered as an excellent electromagnetic (EM) attenuation material, and have attracted the attention of countless researchers for a long time. However, there is a daunting challenge to obtain both microwave absorbing and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding functions in a same material. Herein, by constructing WSe 2 @CNTs heterojunction, excellent microwave absorbing and EMI shielding is obtained, which is attributed to the tunable dielectric properties. The WSe 2 @CNTs composite shows high reflection loss (RL) of −61.6 dB, broad effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.56 GHz, and efficient EMI shielding. More importantly, high green shielding index (>1) is found in the Ku band. This result confirms the WSe 2 @CNTs composite as a suitable candidate for EM bifunctional materials. Meanwhile, this strategy of constructing heterojunction provides a valuable guide for designing novel EM attenuation materials in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Perovskite-based catalyst was modified to improve catalytic activity. • Membrane filtration and catalytic oxidation was integrated effectively. • Abundant channel-assisted reaction sites were formed on membrane structure. • Refractory pollutants can be degraded by catalytic membrane in the presence of NOM. • Continuous outflow of feed stream guarantee favorable stability of membrane. Catalytic membrane that can simultaneously enable physical separation and advanced oxidation process is considered as a novel approach for wastewater remediation; however, the unsatisfied catalytic performance and instability impede its further application. In this study, Fe doped LaCoO 3 perovskite with tunable electron structure was employed as a heterogeneous catalyst and incorporated with Polyacrylonitrile ultrafiltration membrane via a controlled phase inversion method. Owing to the continuous outflow of the intermediates and enriched concentration gradients in membrane channels, the catalytic membrane exhibited exceptional catalytic performance and stability under cross-flow apparatus. Correspondingly, over 99% of tetracycline hydrochloride can be degraded via activating peroxymonosulfate in 36 min under the flux of 220 L/m2h. Besides, the catalytic membrane with suitable pore size could exclude natural organic matter and selectively assist the degradation of pollutants in membrane channels due to a massive generation of sulfate radicals and singlet oxygen (equivalent to a retention time of 1.64 s). Following this, the degradation pathways and toxicity analysis of the intermediates were investigated to further verify the catalysis mechanism and the reduced toxicity of treated solution. Overall, it can be concluded that the integration of membrane and catalytic oxidation is effective for enhancing wastewater purification efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • In situ mineralization method was used to anchor β-FeOOH in confined membrane pores. • Highly dispersed nanocatalysts were constructed in membrane structure. • Confined pore structure increases the effective contact of radicals and pollutants. • High rejection and rapid pollutants degradation can be realized simultaneously. Heterogeneous advanced oxidation process performs a promising perspective in the field of refractory pollutant degradation. However, the agglomeration and difficulty-to-recycle characters of the heterogeneous catalysts greatly impede its further development. In this study, membrane-confined pores were employed as the immobilization support to anchor highly dispersed β-FeOOH via an in situ mineralization method, which not only exposed highly active sites for refractory pollutants degradation but also endowed the membrane with hydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic properties. Accordingly, the Polyvinylidene fluoride/β-FeOOH (PVDF/β-FeOOH) catalytic membrane demonstrated favorable separation capacity and attractive catalytic oxidation performance via activating peroxymonosulfate. Instantaneous degradation (contact time about 1 s) of recalcitrant pollutants (over 98%) and high oil rejections (96.4% to 99.1%) can be achieved simultaneously under low operating pressure. Both the confined pore structure-induced enhanced mass transfer and enrichment of radicals and pollutants lead to favorable catalytic degradation performance. The mechanism of the catalytic membrane was analyzed by radical quenching test and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis, proving that sulfate radicals were predominant reactive oxygen species during catalytic oxidation. Besides, the PVDF/β-FeOOH catalytic membrane also possessed attractive stability without tedious catalyst separation/recovery processes. This work provides a meaningful tactic to further enhance the catalytic oxidation performance of catalytic membrane in water treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global increased expression of Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) has been detected in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients, however, its roles in NAFLD and the mechanism remain largely unclear. The goal of this study is to investigate the effect and mechanism of Igfbp7 using a zebrafish NAFLD model. The igfbp7 −/− null zebrafish mutant and the Igfbp7 liver overexpressed (LOE) transgenic zebrafish based on Gal4/UAS system were generated by CRISPR/Cas9 and Tol2 transgenic technique, respectively. The zebrafish NAFLD models in wildtypes, igfbp 7−/− mutants and Igfbp7 LOE fishes have been established by high-fat diet feeding. The Igfbp7 dynamic expression and its effects on NAFLD progression have been detected and analyzed in both human NAFLD patients and zebrafish models. And the potential mechanism has been investigated through transcriptome analysis and subsequent detection and verification. High Igfbp7 levels in NASH and fibrosis stages have been detected in liver tissues of both human NAFLD patients and zebrafish models. Depletion of Igfbp7 significantly alleviated liver steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, whereas liver specific Igfbp7 overexpression dramatically exacerbated liver fibrosis in zebrafish NAFLD model. The hepatic iron deposition, lipid peroxidation products, and ferroptosis-related index were also significantly reduced at the NASH stage in the absence of Igfbp7. Igfbp7 promotes NAFLD progression through regulating ferroptosis, and Ncoa4-mediated ferritinophagy may be the pathway of Igfbp7-regulated ferroptosis. Igfbp7 is confirmed as an important regulator in NAFLD progression. Depleting Igfbp7 effectively alleviates zebrafish NAFLD progression by inhibiting hepatic ferroptosis, suggesting a novel potential target for NAFLD treatment. [Display omitted] • Modeling zebrafish NAFLD progression and examining Igfbp7 expression during NAFLD progression of zebrafish and humans. • Constructing zebrafish igfbp7 -/- mutants by CRISPR/Cas9 and Igfbp7 LOE transgenic lines with Gal4/UAS system. • Depletion of Igfbp7 alleviates liver steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, whereas Igfbp7 LOE accelerates liver fibrosis in zebrafish NAFLD. • Depletion of Igfbp7 alleviates zebrafish NAFLD progression by inhibiting hepatic ferroptosis. • Targeting Igfbp7 is a potential therapeutic strategy for NAFLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study aimed at investigating the molecular level organization and photoluminescence in the interlayer space of magadiite (mag) synthesized by the process of solid-state intercalation. Host-guest composites were prepared by an easy grinding process without other operation. Detailed structural investigations were performed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermo-gravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), photoluminescence (PL) and inverted fluorescence microscope. Results confirmed that 8-hydroxyquinoline (8Hq) was intercalated in the interlayer space of mag in the presence of various metal ions (Ca2+, Zn2+ and Mn2+) inside. Basal spacings between silicate layers were controlled by exchanged metal ions and decorated 8Hq. Solid-state intercalation resulted in the lower proportion of intercalated 8Hq, but good luminescence was observed by PL. The complexes in the interlayer space showed special fluorescence properties. A speculative mechanism was proposed for reaction by solid-solid intercalation. This study provided a message for understanding the functional properties of composites 8Hq/Ca, Zn, Mn-mags, such as loading capacity and photoluminescence properties. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • The intercalation of 8Hq into Ca-, Zn-, Mn-magadiite were prepared. • A speculate mechanism is proposed by the combination of solid-solid intercalation. • The addition of the mag influence the fluorescence of the metal-chelates in the confined spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amorphous manganese silicate/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (AMSi/MWCNTs) composites were successfully synthesized using MWCNTs, manganese dichloride and sodium silicate as the starting materials by a facile precipitation method. The composition and morphology were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer, elemental mapping, Raman, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Electrochemical properties of AMSi/MWCNTs as supercapacitor electrode were studied. It was found that the electrochemical performance of AMSi could be adjusted by the amount of MWCNTs. Specific capacitance of AMSi/MWCNTs reached the highest value (236 F g −1 at 0.5 A g −1 ) in the presence of 40 wt.% of MWCNTs. Asymmetric supercapacitor device assembled from AMSi/MWCNTs and activated carbon (AMSi/MWCNTs//AC) showed its specific capacitances reached 146, 139, 119, 108 and 99 F g −1 at current densities of 0.5, 1, 2, 5 and 10 A g −1 , respectively. A capacitance retention of 81% for AMSi/MWCNTs//AC device after 1000 cycles indicated that AMSi/MWCNTs had good cycling performance applied to SC device. Present findings demonstrated that MWCNTs could improve the electrochemical properties of AMSi and suggested that AMSi/MWCNTs composites could be considered as potential materials for high-performance energy storage device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • rGO based ordered porous film was prepared through a simple self-assembly process. • rGO porous film modified electrode was used for electrochemical detection of DA. • High sensitivity and low detection limit of DA detection was obtained. • Good anti-interference, repeatability, reproducibility and stability were shown. • The sensing performance can be optimized through controlling the porous structure. Development of simple, low-cost and facile electrochemical sensor for DA detection is of great significance for the study and treatment of several neurological and psychiatric disorders. Herein, an innovative integration of honeycomb-patterned ordered porous structure with conductive reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was realized through the convenient breath figure method, in which the self-assembly of nontoxic and inexpensive water droplets were involved. Graphene oxide (GO) can be transferred to organic phase by surfactant via a simple self-assembly process to acquire the GO/surfactant complex, which was used as the casting solution in the breath figure method, and thus the skeleton of the porous structure. After electrochemical reduction, honeycomb-patterned porous rGO film was obtained. The prepared rGO-based porous structure modified electrode exhibited a high sensitivity of 1.18 μA/μM and low detection limit of 0.12 μM to DA detection, which are 2.5 and 0.07 folds to corresponding flat films, and are also comparable or even exceeding several functionalized graphene, GO or rGO composites sensor. In addition, excellent anti-interference, reproducibility, repeatability, long-term stability and good accuracy for DA detection in real samples were shown. Importantly, the porous structure can be easily adjusted by changing the preparation conditions, thereby regulating or optimizing the electrochemical sensing performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a low frequency non-contact rotary piezoelectric energy harvester excited by magnetic coupling (L-PEH) was proposed. Through the coupling between the magnet inside the rotor driven by rotating motion and the magnet on the piezoelectric plate, the process of rotating motion transforming into electrical energy was realized. The purpose of this paper was to improve the output performance of piezoelectric energy harvester at low frequency by optimizing the magnetic field conditions, so the influence of the number of magnets and the arrangement of magnets on the output performance was studied in detail. A series of theories, simulations and experiments proved that the alternative magnet arrangement (mode 1) could optimize the output performance of the L-PEH. When the arrangement of magnets was mode 1 and the number of magnets was 2, the peak-to-peak voltage of rectangular and circular piezoelectric plates was 182.5 V and 4.4 V at 250r/min. Under the above optimal parameter variables, the L-PEH could generate the maximum output power of 140.45 mW. In addition, the output power generated by the prototype could fully meet the power consumption of low-power electronic equipment such as light-emitting-diodes (LEDs). In general, by changing the number and arrangement of magnets, i.e. optimizing the magnetic field conditions, L-PEH could effectively collect rotational energy and had a good application prospect in the power supply of micro electronic equipment. • The prototype improves the energy harvesting efficiency at low frequencies. • The prototype can power low-power electronic devices. • The effect of changing magnetic field conditions on the performance is discussed. • The optimum output power of the prototype is 140.45 mW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A highly sensitive temperature sensor based on enhanced Vernier effect is proposed. • The enhanced Vernier effect is realized in the experiment. • Compared to the individual interferometer, the temperature sensitivity is improved. • No special sensitizing materials or desensitization is used to improve sensitivity. A highly sensitive optical fiber temperature sensor based on enhanced Vernier effect is proposed in this paper. The sensor is a cascaded structure which is composed of fiber optic Sagnac interferometer (FSI) and intermodal Mach–Zehnder interferometer (IMZI). Because the interference fringes of the IMZI and the FSI shift to opposite directions as ambient temperature varies, the enhanced Vernier effect is obtained. Compared to the temperature sensor based on the traditional Vernier effect, the proposed sensor realizes the high sensitivity temperature measurement and doesn't need any special sensitizing materials, complicated manufacture process or a reference interferometer which need to be desensitized. Experimental results show that the sensitivity of the sensor is 20.86 nm/°C. A good linear responses can be obtained in temperature measurement range from 25 °C to 33 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]