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This paper analyzes the Chinese folk children's and adult women's bellyband, in order to explore it's cultural connotation and artistic characteristics, and dig out useful elements for modern clothing design. This paper adopts the research methods of literature analysis, physical investigation, and modern works analysis. Through the analysis of the children's bellyband, mainly by its summarized origin and customs, we believe that the bellyband not only has practical function and rich artistic elements, but also is the carrier of thick family love and has reference value for modern children's clothing design. For the adult female bellyband, through the analysis of the traditional culture from the perspective of emotion, this paper believes that the shape of adult female bellyband is constrained by feudal etiquette, but its sewing process reflects women's wisdom. At the same time, the color matching and pattern composition of bellyband are the expression and catharsis of women's emotion. Based on this, this paper puts forward suggestions for modern clothing design, innovating the embroidery and patchwork process of bellyband, bionic modeling design. We believe that the embroidery technology, patchwork technology and pattern cultural connotation of bellyband can be combined with modern fashion design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze of the semen quality of infertile males of minorities and Han ethnic groups in Hainan and provide a scientific basis for the diagnosis and treatment of infertile men in Hainan area. Methods Clinical data of 1 682 infertility male patients from January 2020 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups including the ethnic minority group (367 cases) and the Han nationality group (1 315 cases) according to nationality. The age, semen quality indicators (semen volume, semen liquefaction time, sperm concentration, total sperm motility, forward motion sperm rate, normal sperm morphology rate) and the incidence of abnormal sperm types were compared between the two groups. Results There were no significant differences between the two groups in the incidence of age, semen volume, oligospermia occurrence, asthenospermia occurrence and azoospermia occurrence (P>0.05); However, the abnormal rate of semen liquefaction time ( 10. 40% ) and the incidence of teratospermia (29.70%) in the ethnic minority group were higher than those in the Han nationality group (6. 60% and 27. 00%), and the differences were statistically significant (P<0. 05) ; Sperm concentration (66 x 106/mL), total sperm activity rate [(49. 38 ± 15. 85) % ], forward motility sperm rate [(44. 54 ± 15. 67) %], and normal sperm morphology rate [(3. 86 ± 2. 02) % ] of the ethnic minority group were all remarkably lower than those of the Han nationality group [(73 x 106mL, (55. 16 ± 12. 67)%, (48. 85 ± 12.73) %] respectively, and (4. 90 ± 2. 54) %, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0. 05). Conclusions There is a significant differences in semen quality between infertile males of ethnic minority and Han nationality in Hainan area. The overall semen quality level of the ethnic minorities patients is obviously lower than that of Han nationality. So, we should strengthen male reproductive health education in areas of minority to improve their fertility level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the correlation between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) gene variation profile and clinical characteristics in Han nationality with HBV infection in Sichuan province. Methods: The clinical data and HCC tissues were obtained from the enrolled patients. Whole exome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples from HCC. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was measured by an algorithm developed in-house. Results: Sixteen high-frequency mutated genes with differential expressions were identified by WES. SMG1 gene variation could be positively correlated with satellite lesions. AMY2B and RGPD4 gene mutation seemed to have a greater chance of vascular invasion. The patients with TATDN1 variation have bigger diameters and greater chances of vascular and microvascular invasion (all P

Residents of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau might experience shifts in their gut microbiota composition as a result of the plateau environment. For example, high altitudes can increase the abundance of obligate anaerobic bacteria, decrease the number of aerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria, increase probiotics, and decrease pathogenic bacteria. This study aimed to determine the structure and metabolic differences in intestinal microbial communities among the Tibetan and Han populations on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and shed light on the factors that influence the abundance of the microbial communities in the gut. The structural characteristics of intestinal microorganisms were detected from blood and fecal samples using 16S rRNA sequencing. Metabolic characteristics were detected using gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC–TOFMS). The influencing factors were analyzed using Spearman's correlation analysis. Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium were dominant in the intestinal tract of the Han population, while Bacteroides and Prevotella were dominant in that of the Tibetan population, with marked differences in Pseudomonas, Prevotella, and other genera. Ferulic acid and 4-methylcatechol were the main differential metabolites between the Tibetan and Han ethnic groups. This may be the reason for the different adaptability of Tibetan and Han nationalities to the plateau. Alanine aminotransferase and uric acid also have a high correlation with different bacteria and metabolites, which may play a role. These results reveal notable disparities in the compositions and metabolic characteristics of gut microbial communities in the Tibetan and Han people residing on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and may provide insights regarding the mechanism of plateau adaptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective By analyzing the gene polymorphisms of CYP2C19, a key enzyme for clopidogrel metabolism, in Han Chinese patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) in Qinghai region, in order to provide a reference for the individualized and precise treatment of clinical antiplatelet drugs. Methods We selected 403 cases of Han Chinese patients with CHD in Qinghai region, collected patients' venous blood, and analyzed CYP2C19 gene sequences by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. According to the PCR results, we determined CYP2C19 genotypes and metabolic phenotypes. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test was used to analyze the data's group representativeness, and we compared the metabolic phenotypes of CYP2C19 among different regions in the relevant literature. Results The allele frequencies of CYP2C19*1, CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*3, and CYP2C19*17 in 403 Han Chinese CHD patients were 60. 55%, 30. 77%, 5. 70%, and 2. 98%, respectively. And the frequencies of CYP2C19*1/*1, *1/*2, *1/*3, *2/*2, * 2/*3, *3/*3, *1/ *17, *2/*17, *3/*17 genotypes were 40. 2%, 30. 8%, 6. 7%, 12. 2%, 4. 0%, 0. 2%, 3. 2%, 2. 5%, and 0. 2%, respectively. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test showed that the CYP2C19 genotype frequencies of Han Chinese CHD patients in Qinghai were in accordance with the Hardy-weinberg equilibrium (P<0. 05), with a good representation of the group. The frequencies of different metabolic phenotype in the patients were as follows: 13 cases of ultra fast metabolizer (3. 20%), 162 cases of extensive metabolizer (40. 2%), 162 cases of intermediate metabolizer (40. 2%) and 66 cases of poor metabolizer (16. 4%). There were significant differences in the distribution of metabolic phenotypes between Han Chinese CHD patients in Qinghai area and Han Chinese CHD patients in Beijing, Gansu, Ningxia, Shanxi and Guangzhou areas (all P<0. 05). Conclusions The genotypes of Han Chinese CHD patients in Qinghai region were dominated by CYP2C19*1/*1 and CYP2C19*1/*2. Compared with other regions in China, the risk of clopidogrel resistance was higher in CHD patients in Qinghai region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the correlation between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) gene variation profile and clinical characteristics in Han nationality with HBV infection in Sichuan province. The clinical data and HCC tissues were obtained from the enrolled patients. Whole exome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples from HCC. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was measured by an algorithm developed in-house. Sixteen high-frequency mutated genes with differential expressions were identified by WES. SMG1 gene variation could be positively correlated with satellite lesions. AMY2B and RGPD4 gene mutation seemed to have a greater chance of vascular invasion. The patients with TATDN1 variation have bigger diameters and greater chances of vascular and microvascular invasion (all P < 0.05). Univariate analysis indicated patients with gene TATDN1 variation had worse prognoses both in disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). In addition, the enrichment analysis showed many pathways, including the cell cycle pathway, viral oncogene pathway, MAPK pathway, PI3K-AKT pathway, etc., may be associated with HCC. This study explores the gene variation profile of HCC patients with HBV infection in Han nationality of Sichuan Province for the first time, which confirmed the existence of some high-frequency mutated genes and the possibility that the gene variations are involved in the tumorigenesis of HCC through multiple signal pathways. Also, patients with TATDN1 wild type showed a trend of better prognosis both in DFS and OS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the distribution of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism in Wa and Han nationalities in Pu'er area of Yunnan province. and to lay a foundation for further study on the relationship between VDR gene polymorphism and various diseases in Pu'er area. Methods Oral mucosal epithelial exfoliated cells were collected from Han and Wa healthy individuals in Pu'er area of Yunnan province, and genomic DNA was extracted. Sanger sequencing was used to detect the gene polymorphisms of VDR Apa I. TaqI and Fok I locus. The genotype and allele distribution frequencies were analyzed and compared with the data of other ethnic groups reported. Results The gene polymorphism distribution of the enrolled subjects was in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg genetic balance law, and there was no linkage disequilibrium between the genotypes. Genotype frequencies of Wa nationality: the frequencies of CC.CA and AA genotypes at VDR Apa I locus were 53.0%.39.0% and 7.0%.respectively; the frequencies of C and A alleles were 73.2% and 26.8%, respectively; the frequencies of TT, TC and CC genotypes at VDR Fok I locus were 28.0%. 47.0% and 25.0%, respectively; the frequencies of T and C alleles were 53. 0% and 47.0%, respectively; the frequencies of TT, TC and CC genotypes at VDR TaqI locus were 94.0%.5.0% and 0, respectively; and the frequencies of T and C alleles were 98.0% and 2.0%, respectively. Genotype frequencies of Han nationality: the genotype frequencies of CC.CA and AA at VDR Apa I locus were 55.0%.38.0% and 7.0%. respectively; the allele frequencies of C and A were 74.0% and 26.0%, respectively; the frequencies of TT, TC and CC genotypes at VDR Fok I locus were 28.0%.47.0% and 25.0%, respectively; the frequencies of T and C alleles were 51.5% and 48.5%, respectively; the frequencies of TT, TC and CC genotypes at VDR Taq I locus were 91.0%.8.0% and 1.0%, respectively; and the frequencies of T and C alleles were 95.0% and 5.0%, respectively. Conclusion The polymorphism distribution of vitamin D receptor gene Apa I.Fok I and Taq I locus in Han and Wa populations of Pu'er area is different from that in other areas and nationalities, and has geographical and ethnic specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residents of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau might experience shifts in their gut microbiota composition as a result of the plateau environment. For example, high altitudes can increase the abundance of obligate anaerobic bacteria, decrease the number of aerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria, increase probiotics, and decrease pathogenic bacteria. This study aimed to determine the structure and metabolic differences in intestinal microbial communities among the Tibetan and Han populations on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and shed light on the factors that influence the abundance of the microbial communities in the gut. The structural characteristics of intestinal microorganisms were detected from blood and fecal samples using 16S rRNA sequencing. Metabolic characteristics were detected using gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC–TOFMS). The influencing factors were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation analysis. Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium were dominant in the intestinal tract of the Han population, while Bacteroides and Prevotella were dominant in that of the Tibetan population, with marked differences in Pseudomonas, Prevotella, and other genera. Ferulic acid and 4-methylcatechol were the main differential metabolites between the Tibetan and Han ethnic groups. This may be the reason for the different adaptability of Tibetan and Han nationalities to the plateau. Alanine aminotransferase and uric acid also have a high correlation with different bacteria and metabolites, which may play a role. These results reveal notable disparities in the compositions and metabolic characteristics of gut microbial communities in the Tibetan and Han people residing on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and may provide insights regarding the mechanism of plateau adaptability.

Background The prevalence of diabetes is increasing year-on-year. However, current diagnostic methods have many deficiencies in early identification of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) . Epigenetic factors may be associated with the development and secretory function of pancreatic islet β cells, which reduces the sensitivity of the body to the effects of insulin, ultimately leading to the development of T2DM. Objective To identify differentially expressed hsa_circ_0005414, hsa_circ_0139634, hsa_circ_0032491 and hsa_circ_0002922 in the peripheral blood of Han Chinese patients with T2DM to assess the clinical significance, and to explore the relationship between candidate circRNAs and T2DM in Han Chinese. Methods From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University School of Medicine between September 2020 and June 2021, 21 Han Chinese patients with T2DM were selected. 22 healthy examinees were also selected as controls. Glucose metabolism indices and expression levels (2-ΔΔCT) of the four candidate circRNAs were measured. The relationship between expression levels of candidate circRNAs and glucose metabolism indices was explored using multiple linear regression analysis. Univariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the correlation of expression levels of candidate circRNAs with the risk of T2DM. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess diagnostic values of these candidate circRNAs for T2DM. Results T2DM patients had higher relative expression levels of hsa_circ_0032491 and hsa_circ_0002922, and lower relative expression levels of hsa_circ_0005414 and hsa_circ_0139634 than did the controls (P

BackgroundChildhood acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a higly heterogenous disorder. But its clinical characteristics according to ethic groups have been rarely studied.ObjectiveTo explore ethnic-specific clinical characteristics and prognosis of paediatric patients with non-M3 AML from Yunnan province.MethodsPaediatric patients with newly diagnosed non-M3 AML were rectuited from Kunming Children's Hospital between January 1, 2015 and March 1, 2020. Basic baseline clinical data, including demographic characteristics (ethnic group, gender, age) , general information (white blood cell count, haemoglobin, platelet count, lactate dehydrogenase, bone marrow blast cell, FAB classification) , karyotype, and genetic information were collected. All patients were followed up from enrolment to 2020-05-31, and treatment protocols, risk stratifications, and prognoses were collected.ResultsSeventy-two cases〔51 cases of Han, 21 cases of minorities (5 Yi, 4 Hui, 3 Hani, 2 Bai, 2 Miao, 1 Zhuang, 1 Wa, 1 Buyi, 1 Mongolian and 1 Dai) 〕 were enrolled, with a follow-up of 2-60 months. Children of ethnic minorities had higher mean white blood cell count did those of Han (P0.05) . Event-free survival rate and overall survival rate of children of Han were higher than those of children of ethnic minorities (χ2=8.098, P=0.004; χ2=12.547, P

Objective To analyze the distribution of ApoE and SLCO1B1 genetic polymorphisms of patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Han nationality of Hebei region. Methods Patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases admitted to our hospital corresponding department from June 2019 to October 2020 were selected. The polymorphisms of ApoE and SLCO1B1 genes in 4193 patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were detected qualitatively by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)⁃fluorescence probe technique, to analyze the distribution characteristics of polymorphism and compare the genotype distribution difference between male and female. Results The observed mutation frequencies of ApoE and SLCO1B1 gene polymorphism of Han nationality in Hebei region were consistent with the Hardy⁃Weinberg genetic balance. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the distribution of ApoE gene polymorphism at 388T > C and 526C > T and SLCO1B1 gene polymorphism at 388A > G and 521T > C between men and women (P > 0.05). Among the six genotypes of ApoE in Han nationality people, genotype ɛ3/ɛ3 accounted for 68.57% (2875/4193), followed by ɛ3/ɛ4 (15.48%, 649/4193), ɛ2/ɛ3 (12.81%, 537/4193), ɛ2/ɛ4 (1.69%, 71/4193), ɛ4/ɛ4 (0.98%, 41/4193), and ɛ2/ɛ2 (0.48%, 20/4193). There was no significant difference in the distribution of ApoE gene phenotypes between male and female (P=0.223). Among the seven genotypes of SLCO1B1 gene, *1b/*1b and *1a/*1b accounted for the largest proportion 39.57% (1659/4193) and 31.05% (1302/4193), while other genotypes *1b/*15, *1a/*1a, *1a/*15, *15/*15 and *1a/*5 accounted for 14.31% (600/4193), 7.20% (302/4193), 6.42% (269/4193), 1.43% (60/4193) and 0.02% (1/4193) respectively. There was no significant difference in the distribution of SLCO1B1 gene phenotypes between male and female (P=0.078). Conclusions The distribution of ApoE and SLCO1B1 gene polymorphisms is different in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Han nationality of Hebei region, and the distribution of ApoE and SLCO1B1 genetic polymorphisms is independent of gender.

Objective To explore the value of degree of cranial suture closure in forensic adult age estimation by thin-layer CT scan and establish an adult age estimation model of the Han nationality. Methods Thin-layer CT scan samples of the heads of 220 healthy Sichuan Han adults （110 males, 110 females） aged 20 to 70 were collected, of which 20 samples （10 males, 10 females） were randomly selected as test samples. The sagittal suture, coronal suture （both left and right） and lambdoid suture （both left and right） were respectively and equally divided into 2 segments, and every segment was equally divided into 10 layers and the corresponding multiplanar reformation （MPR） images were selected. The closure of cranial sutures on MPR images was classified into the grades 1-7. The correlations between cranial sutures and age were analyzed to build regression equation for age estimation. Results The degree of closure of sagittal suture, coronal suture （both left and right） and lambdoid suture （both left and right） was positively correlated with age. The coefficient of determination （R2） of regression equation was 0.419 in males, 0.589 in females, and 0.522 in all samples. The results of the verification test showed that the mean absolute error （MAE） was 6.39 years in males, 6.16 years in females, and 6.29 years in all samples. Conclusion There was a higher accuracy in adult age estimation by thin-layer CT scan of cranial sutures. The age of Han nationality adults can be estimated by the degree of cranial sutures closure.

Objective To provide a theoretical basis for building a Y chromosome database in specific regions by analyzing the pedigree specific core haplogroup and region specific genetic structure in Changshu. Methods One thousand seven hundred and two samples from unrelated Han male individuals in Changshu were collected. Then 27 Y-STR were genotyped through YfilerTM Plus PCR Amplification Kit, Y-SNP haplogroup of each sample was speculated using Y-Predictor software and some samples were verified by amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction （ARMS-PCR）. Results A total of 1 556 haplotypes were found on the 27 Y-STR genetic markers of the 1 702 samples. The haplotype diversity （HD） value was 0.999 827. DYS385 （0.933） had the highest gene diversity （GD） value while DYS438 （0.409） had the lowest. By the Y-Predictor software, all samples were confirmed to be from 162 sub-haplogroups of C, D, N, O, Q and R. Samples were randomly selected to verify the prediction results by the software and the prediction accuracy of Y-Predictor software was as high as 95.74%. Conclusion This study found that 27 Y-STR genetic markers have relatively high polymorphisms in the Changshu population, and have good forensic individual identification and paternity testing ability.

Objective:To understand the current situation and related factors of emotional eating behaviors of Han and Bouyei children.Methods:Totally 957 Han children and 695 Bouyei children aged 12-15 years were selected by using multistage stratified sampling.They were assessed with the Emotional Eating Scale（EES） for evaluating emotional eating behavior.Results:The total scores and scores of depression factor of EES were higher in Bouyei children than in Han children（P <0.05）.The optimal scale regression results showed that Han children with suicidal ideation,left-behind,school bullying,poor family economy and poor relationship with their mother gothigher EES scores（P <0.05）,with the importance coefficients of 0.28,0.27,0.20,0.08,and 0.07 respectively.Bouyei children with left-behind,poor family economy,school bullying and poor relationship with their father got higher EES scores（P <0.05）,with the importance coefficients of 0.40,0.39),0.13 and 0.03 respectively.Conclusion:The levels of emotional eating of Bouyei children aged 12-15 years are higher than that of Han children.According to the importance,the related factors are left-behind,family economy,school bullying and the relationship with father. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To systematically review of the application of the FRAX assessment tool in China's Han and ethnic minorities, clarifying that ethnic differences may affect fracture risk prediction,and proposethe intervention threshold for the MOF (10-year probability of fracture in major parts) for Chinese population.Methods Systematic retrieval was conducted through CNKI, CBM, VIP, WanFang, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane libraries, quality evaluation was carried out, and Meta analysis was carried out with the help of software Stata16.0, Metadisc1.4 and MedCalc to analyze the statistical heterogeneity between the studies . Random effects model analysis was used, and a funnel chart was used to assess the publication bias of the test data. Results Total 11 articles were included, including 27 studies, with a total sample size of 27 554 cases.①8 articles reported on the Han MOF with combined sensitivity of 0.75（95% CI：0.53-0.89）; combined specificity of 0.76（95% CI：0.56-0.88）; SROC AUC of 0.82（95% CI：0.78-0.85）.Three literatures reported on HF（probability of hip fracture in 10 years%）, with aggregated sensitivity of 0.80(95％ CI：0.56-0.93) and aggregated specificity of 0.72(95％ CI：0.53-0.86); SROC AUC is 0.75（95% CI：0.71-0.78）.②A MOF subgroup analysis was conducted, the results suggested that ethnicity, gender, and research methods were the potential factors that cause heterogeneity.③5 articles reported on the MOF of ethnic minorities (Tibetan, Mongolian, Gaoshan, Zhuang, Uygur),the combined sensitivity is 0.66 (95% CI: 0.43-0.84); the combined specificity is 0.76 (95% CI: 0.36-0.95);SROC AUCis 0.75（95% CI：0.71-0.78）。A MOF subgroup analysis isperformed, and the results suggest that gender was a potential factor causing heterogeneity.④There was no bias in the Deeks test for all indicators. ⑤The literature analysis results supported the setting of the intervention threshold of MOF for the Chinese population at 6%.Conclusion National differences and gender that affect fracture risk prediction; the intervention threshold of MOF for the Chinese population is set to 6%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune sickness with unclear pathogenesis. The goal of this research was to reveal the heterogeneity of immune cells in SLE patients of Han and Zang nationality by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bioinformatics profiling. A total of 94,102 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from six volunteers with SLE (3 Zang, 3 Han) and six healthy controls were first conducted through scRNA-seq analysis. The immune cell subsets in the pathogenesis of SLE were analyzed as well. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was applied to confirm the results of sc-RNA seq analysis. For the Tibetan samples, the ratios of Naïve CD4 RPS4Y1 cells, Naïve CD4 cells, Memory BC CD24 and Memory BC differed significantly between the SLE and control samples, while that of CD8 CTL MAL cells was significantly different between the two groups in Han nationality samples. Variable differentiation states of CD8 CTL MAL cells, CD8 CTL GZMK cells, and Naïve CD4 cells were detected through pseudotime analysis. Moreover, T-cell receptor (TCR) abundance was notably higher in Tibetan SLE specimens than that in controls, while B-cell receptor (BCR) abundance in Tibetan and Han samples was higher than in control groups. In summary, the immune cellular heterogeneity of SLE patients both Han and Zang nationality was explored based on various bioinformatics approaches, providing new perspectives for immunological characteristics of SLE among different ethnic groups. • The SLE-associated TCR and BCR can potentially provide novel insights for disease status and therapeutic targets. • Analysis based on single-cell RNA sequencing data from SLE patients and healthy controls of Han and Tibetan ethnicity. • CD8 CTL, Naïve CD4 cells and memory B cells might contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE patients of Han and Zang nationality. • The heterogeneity of immune cells for Han and Tibetan SLE patients provided a new insight of immune dysregulation in SLE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To apply Demirjian’s and Cameriere’s method for dental age estimation of adolescents from Hunan Han nationality, and compare the accuracy of the two methods. Methods A total of 480 orthopantomograms of 8-16 year old adolescents from Hunan Han nationality with no special diseases and good nutritional status were collected by Xiangya Stomatological Hospital of Central South University from January, 2016 to July, 2017, among them 236 males and 244 females. The dental age of each adolescent was determined by Demirjian’s method and Cameriere’s method, respectively, and the paired t-test of the estimated dental age and the chronological age determined by the two methods was conducted by SPSS 20.0 software to compare the difference between estimated dental age and chronological age. Results Mean chronological age of males and females was 11.91 and 11.88 years, respectively. The estimated dental age determined by Demirjian’s method showed an underestimate of chronological age by an average of 0.11 years （males） and 0.15 years （females）, while the estimated dental age determined by Cameriere’s method showed an underestimate of chronological age by an average of 0.83 years （males） and 0.72 years （females）. Conclusion Demirjian’s method is more accurate than Cameriere’s method in dental age estimation of adolescents from Hunan Han nationality, therefore more suitable for dental age estimation of adolescents in this region.

Objective To analyze the genetic phenotypes of Y-chromosome STR and SNP in Han male population of Wujiang area, Suzhou City and explore the genetic structure of population of Wujiang area for further examination of regional-specific Y-SNP genetic markers ancestor haplogroups. Methods Blood samples of 472 Wujiang area Han males were randomly collected and genotyped by YfilerTM Plus PCR Amplification Kit. The allele frequencies and haplotype frequencies of each locus were obtained using the direct calculation method. Y-SNP haplogroups of each sample were estimated using Y-Predictor software and verified through experiments by amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction （ARMS-PCR）. Results A total of 453 haplotypes were found in the 27 Y-STR genetic markers in 472 Han males of Wujiang area. The haplotype diversity （HD） was 0.997 696 93, among which, the highest gene diversity （GD） value was DYF387S1a/b （GD=0.953 1） and the lowest was DYS438 （GD=0.321 8）. Based on genotyping data of 27 Y-STRs and 472 samples, 132 haplogroups from C, D, N, O and Q, etc downstream Y-SNP haplogroups were estimated and then verified through experiments. Conclusion This study is based on Y-chromosome STR haplotypes, and predicts Y-SNP haplogroups by Y-Predictor software, then uses ARMS-PCR to verify. Y-SNP genetic markers were introduced to achieve precise analysis of the genetic structure of male families in population of three towns in Wujiang area.

Objective To screen the DNA methylation loci associated with the age of Han males in northern China and to construct an age estimation model. Methods Twenty-one candidate methylation loci were screened. The DNA methylation levels of 476 blood samples from Chinese Han males were detected for 21 amplicons using EpiTYPER technology platform, and data on 153 DNA methylation loci were obtained. Results After correlation analysis, 8 age-related DNA methylation loci were finally screened. CpG1, CpG2, CpG4, CpG7, CpG8 were located on TRIM59, RASSF5, Clorf132, CSNK1D, ELOVL2,CpG5, CpG6 on PDE4C, and CpG3 on chr17:21452808. Based on the 8 loci, 352 samples were used for model construction. A multivariate linear regression age estimation model was constructed （R2=0.93）, with mean absolute deviation （MAD） of 2.69 years old. When 109 samples were used for model validation, the MAD was 3.80 years old. The test was repeated 3 times in 15 new samples, with MADs of 4.08, 4.68 and 3.93 years old, respectively. Conclusion The age estimation model on Han males in northern China constructed in this study can be used to estimate the age of victims and suspects and to narrow the scope of investigation, and therefore has practical application value.

To investigate the differences in adverse drug reactions （ADRs ） caused by cardiovascular drugs between the Tujia and Han nationality patients. Methods: The ADRs reports submitted by the Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture from January 2012 to May 2019 were collected, and 2034 cases of cardiovascular drug-induced ADRs were screened and enrolled for study. The general information, categories of cardiovascular drugs, severity of ADRs, administration routes and outcomes of ADRs were compared between the Tujia and Han nationalities. Results: There were differences in the severity of ADRs and the categories of cardiovascular drugs causing ADRs, when comparisons were made between the Tujia and Han nationalities (P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.901). Conclusion: There were differences in ADRs caused by cardiovascular drugs between the Tujia and Han nationalities, to which special attention should be paid clinically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Forensic Medicine / Fayixue Zazhi is the property of Journal of Forensic Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Forensic Medicine / Fayixue Zazhi is the property of Journal of Forensic Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Forensic Medicine / Fayixue Zazhi is the property of Journal of Forensic Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To establish a height prediction model of Chinese Han male based on the reported 547 height-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） loci in Europeans, and assess its accuracy for height estimation. Methods The DNA typing was analyzed in 59 Han male samples of Shandong province by Affymetrix SNP Array 6.0 chip and HiSeq 4000 sequencing platform. Prediction model was established using 547 height-associated SNPs loci as predictors and weight allele sums （WAS） as computing method. The accuracy of height prediction model was analysed using receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve and area under curve （AUC）. Results There was no height-associated SNPs locus was found by genome-wide association studies. In present study, height prediction model was established by WAS and obtained an AUC of 0.67 （95% CI: 0.53-0.90）. Conclusion It has reference value for predicting the height of Han male in Shandong province by WAS model based on 547 SNPs loci, while it is still necessary to further promote the accuracy of the prediction model by screening more height-associated SNPs loci with population heterogeneity.

Objective To investigate the genetic polymorphism of 21 autosomal STR loci and DYS391 locus of SiFaSTRTM 23plex DNA ID system in Han population of eastern China and to evaluate its application value in forensic science. Methods Typing test of 2 000 unrelated individuals was performed using SiFaSTRTM 23plex DNA ID system. The population genetic parameters of STR loci were statistically analysed. A total of 3 198 parentage confirmed cases were detected with that system and the mutation conditions were observed in 21 autosomal STR loci. Results All the 21 autosomal STR loci showed no significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium （P>0.05）. The Ho ranged from 0.617 5 to 0.927 0. The DP ranged from 0.796 4 to 0.986 9, as well as the PIC distributed from 0.561 1 to 0.912 3. The CDP was 0.999 999 999 999 999. The CPEduo was 0.999 997 431 701 961, while CPEtrio was 0.999 999 999 654 865. Five alleles were detected in DYS391 locus, with the allele frequency from 0.004 0 to 0.729 0, and GD was 0.418 9. Except D13S317 and D10S1248, seventy-six mutation events were observed at the rest nineteen autosomal STR loci. Among them, seventy-five （98.68%） were one step mutation, and only one （1.32%） was three steps mutation. The mutation rate ranged from 0.246 5×10-3 to 2.711 4×10-3, and the averaged mutation rate was 0.892 1×10-3 （95% CI： 0.70×10-3-1.10×10-3）. In 33 trio mutation cases, the proportion of the paternal mutation and the maternal mutation was 2.09∶1. Conclusion The involved STRs are highly polymorphic in Eastern Han population with acceptable mutation rates by the SiFaSTRTM 23plex DNA ID system, which is suitable for paternity testing and individual identification.

Objective To establish regression models of stature estimation for Sichuan Han female by the measurement of total vertebral column length in the frontal and lateral X-ray films of whole-spine. Methods The frontal and lateral X-ray films of whole-spine were collected from 200 Sichuan Han females by large flat-panel multi-functional universal radiography and fluoroscopy system. The data and mean values of frontal and lateral total vertebral column length were measured and calculated in all the samples, respectively. The relationship of combined multi-markers and stature were analysed by linear regression analysis, and the mathematical models of stature estimation were established. The data of 30 new samples were selected and inputted for verifying the accuracy of the mathematical models. Results The total vertebral column length showed a good correlation with stature, and the mean values of the frontal and lateral X-ray films of total vertebral column length had the highest correlation coefficients. Three established linear regression equation models were statistically significant （P

Copyright of Journal of Forensic Medicine / Fayixue Zazhi is the property of Journal of Forensic Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Forensic Medicine / Fayixue Zazhi is the property of Journal of Forensic Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective Investigating and analyzing the changes of bone strength index( SI) of Han nationality adolescents in Lanzhou and exploring its influencing factors. Methods 662( 345 males and 317 females) of Han nationality adolescents in Lanzhou were measured by ultrasonic bone density instrument and bioelectrical impedance instrument. The test indexes included SI, weight, body mass index( BMI), fat free mass and fat mass. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression were used to discuss the influencing factors of SI. Results Overall, the indexes of SI, height, weight, BMI, fat free mass and fat mass increased with the increase of age. However, there were differences in the growth rate of these indicators among different genders and ages; in general the peak was reached in the group of 17 or 18 years of age, and around 14 years old was the peak of bone development velocity. SI had gender differences only in the total sample and 13 years old group, and females had greater values than males. SI was positively correlated with gender, age, height, weight, BMI, fat free mass and fat mass. However, gender, age and BMI were the main influencing factors of SI. Conclusion The SI of Han nationality adolescents in Lanzhou was different among different genders and ages, and the main influencing factors were gender, age and BMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Physical Education / Tiyu Xuekan is the property of Journal of Physical Education Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the genetic information of 30 insertion/deletion （InDel） loci in Han population from Jiangsu Province, and to explore the application values of Investigator?誖DIPplex kit for guiding the forensic analysis in Han population from Jiangsu Province. Methods The autosomal InDel loci of 305 unrelated healthy Han individuals from Jiangsu Province were genotyped and analysed by Investigator?誖DIPplex kit, and the allelic frequencies and forensic parameters of 30 InDel loci were statistically analysed. Results The distribution of 30 InDel loci in Han population from Jiangsu Province conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The minor allele frequencies of 21 InDel loci were above 0.3. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.089 to 0.375, while the discrimination power distributed from 0.093 to 0.500. The paternity exclusion in duo cases and trio cases were 0.047-0.250 and 0.046-0.219, respectively. The linkage disequilibrium analysis of 30 InDel loci showed that all loci were independent from each other. The combined discrimination power was 1-7.369×10-8, whereas the combined mean exclusion chance in duo cases was 0.998 933 978, in trio cases was 0.997 806 392. The Fst values were all less than 0.06 except HLD118 and other four loci, which showed small differences between groups. Conclusion The InDel loci of Investigator?誖DIPplex kit can be used as complementary genetic markers for the cases associated with forensic genetics.

Objective To investigate the distribution of gene polymorphism of vitamin D receptor (VDR) of Han and Hui nationality population in Ningxia. Methods Two hundred and thirty specimens of female outpatients were collected from the clinic of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from 2015 to 2018. All specimens were divided into Han nationality osteoporosis group (A group, n=119) and Hui nationality osteoporosis group (B group, n=111), according to the diagnostic criteria of osteoporosis. The genotype of VDR was measured using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RELP). Results The distribution of nucleotide polymorphism in VDR was paralleled with the Hardy-Weinberg rule. Genotype bb in Han and Hui nationality was 89.20% and 68.21%, respectively. Bb genotype was 8.79% and 27.16%, respectively. BB genotype was 0.00% and 3.80%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed there was a significant difference of VDR gene polymorphism between Han nationality and Hui nationality (P<0.001). Conclusion There is a significant difference of VDR gene polymorphism between Han and Hui nationality. The present study may contribute to a basis for the further research in the effect of diverse ethnics on osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Cone beam CT (CBCT) technique was used to investigate the similarities and differences of root canals, the incidence of C-type root canals and the difference of medullary cavity in Tibetan and Han populations in Qinghai area. Methods: From May 2016 to December 2018, the CBCT scan results of the teeth of the oral outpatients of the Qingda Affiliated Hospital were selected from 300 Tibetan and Han people's mandibular second molars, including 150 Hans and 150 Tibetans. The root canal was classified according to Vertucci classification. To explore the root canal morphology of the mandibular second molar in Tibetan and Han nationalities in Qinghai, and the root root type and C-type root canal number and incidence rate were statistically studied. Results: The root types of the mandibular second molars in the Tibetan Han population in Qinghai area are mostly double root teeth. And its incidence rate in the Tibetan population is higher than that in the Han population. The root canal classification of the mandibular second molars in Tibetan and Han nationalities in Qinghai has the highest proportion of I-type and C-type root canals. In the mandibular second molars of the Han and Tibetan populations in Qinghai, the proportion of C-type root canals was 40.7% and 27.0%, respectively. The incidence of C-type root canals in the Han population was significantly higher than that in the Tibetan population (P<0.05). And in the mandibular second molars of Tibetan and Han people in Qinghai, the incidence of females was significantly higher than that of males (P<0.05). The mean MB-DB and DB-P of the Tibetan population in Qinghai were significantly higher than those in the Han population (P<0.05). Conclusion: The root canal morphology of the mandibular second molar in the Tibetan-Han population in Qinghai is similar. The incidence of C-type root canal is far greater than that of the Tibetan population, and it has certain racial differences. However, the incidence of C-type root canal is higher in women than in men in Tibetan and Han people in Qinghai. At the same time, the differences in the medullary cavity of the Tibetan population also have certain racial differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the polymorphism of 71 SNP loci on Y chromosome in Han population of Northwest China, to assess its forensic application value, and to screen out Y-SNP loci for forensic examination of Han population in East, South, and Northwest China based on the integration of previous research results. Methods Multiplex polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF-MS） were performed on 71 Y-SNP loci of 202 unrelated Han male individuals in Northwest China. Gene diversity （GD） and haplotype diversity （HD） values were calculated, and then Y-SNP loci of Han population in East, South, and Northwest China were screened with the combination of data from previous research. Results Among the detected 71 loci, 67 loci were polymorphic in the Northwest Han male population, with GD values 0.010 0-0.502 2. There were 22 and 25 loci with a moderate （0.2≤GD

Copyright of Journal of Forensic Medicine / Fayixue Zazhi is the property of Journal of Forensic Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Forensic Medicine / Fayixue Zazhi is the property of Journal of Forensic Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the association between 1306 site C/T (C1306T) polymorphism in the promoter region of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) gene and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in Henan Han population. Methods SNaPshot minisequencing was used to detect the MMP-2 gene €13061' genotypes in 300 healthy volunteers (control group) and 300 AIS patients (AIS group) , including 240 cases with large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) , 55 cases with small-artery occlusion lacunar (SAO) , and 5 cases with stroke of other undetermined etiology (SUE). Taking the MMP-2 gene C1306T polymorphism, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and homocysteine as the independent variables, and taking the occurrence of AIS as the dependent variable, the risk factors of AIS were analyzed. Results 'Hie TT genotype and T allele frequency of the MMP-2 gene C1306T polymorphism in the AIS group were lower than those in the control group (both P <0.05). In the dominant and additive models, CT + TT genotype and TT genotype frequency in the AIS group were lower than those of the control group (both P <0.05). T allele frequency of MMP-2 gene C1306T in the subgroups was lower than that of the control group ( P <0.05 ). Logistic analysis showed that hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and MMP-2 gene C1306T polymorphism increased the risk of AIS (all P <0.05 ). Conclusion C1306T polymorphism of MMP-2 gene is associated with AIS, and patients carrying TT genotype have a low risk of AIS, and patients with CC genotype and C allele have a high risk of AIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the relationship between plasma vascular endothelial growth factor and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Hainan Li and Han nationality, and the correlation between VEGFA and COPD after different stratification, to explore the significance of VEGFA in the diagnosis and treatment of Li people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods: 249 patients with COPD were recruited in Hainan (109 cases of Li and 140 cases of Han), and 246 cases in the control group (89 cases of Li; 157 cases of Han ) From July 2014 to March 2015, We measured plasma vascular endothelial growth factor protein levels ,and determined the expression difference of plasma VEGFA in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and healthy controls according to different races, genders, smoking status, etc., and analyzed the correlation between the expression of VEGFA in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Li and Han in Hainan. Conclusion: (1) In the Li population, the expression of VEGFA of COPD patients and healthy controls was lower than that of Han (P<0.05); (2) The causes of elevated VEGFA levels in the plasma of the Li population are: high BMI, advanced age, use of wood, hay,recent respiratory infections and AECOPD; (3) The causes of elevated VEGFA levels in plasma in Han population are: COPD, low education level, smoking age, repeated respiratory infection, family history of respiratory diseases, frequent coughing, recent respiratory infection and acute COPD Aggravation period; (4) In the AECOPD, the expression of VEGFA in plasma was higher than that in stable phase and control group; the expression of plasma VEGFA in stable phase of COPD was lower than that in the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Forensic Medicine / Fayixue Zazhi is the property of Journal of Forensic Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Forensic Medicine / Fayixue Zazhi is the property of Journal of Forensic Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE: To uncover the role of estrogen receptor gene polymorphism in the onset of osteoporosis in Han Chinese women. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 122 osteoporosis woman patients who were admitted to this hospital between April 2016 and April 2017 were enrolled in this study as the case group, and during the same period, 106 healthy counterparts who took physical examination as the control group. With the genetic samples collected from subjects in two groups, we detected the polymorphisms of Pvu II and Xba I in the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) gene and the Rsa-I and Aiu-I polymorphisms in the ERβ gene by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP), and the related-alleles frequency in subjects carrying the genotype of Pvu-1I and Xba-I polymorphisms in the ERα gene or the genotype of Rsa-I and Alu-I polymorphisms in the ERβ gene in the two groups. RESULTS: Comparison of genotype frequencies pp, Pp, and PP of ERα Pvu-II polymorphisms between the case group and the control group showed the differences were statistically significant (p < 0 .05), in which the P allele in the case group had a higher frequency than that in the control group (p < 0.05). However, comparisons of the genotype frequencies of xx, Xx, and XX of ERα Xba-I polymorphisms between the case group and the control group showed no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05), and similar results were also found in comparison of the genotype frequencies of rr, Rr, and RR of Rsa-I polymorphisms (p > 0.05). By the comparison of genotype frequencies of ERβ Alu-I and Rsa-I polymorphisms in the case group with those in the control group, and by the comparison of genotype frequencies aa, Aa, and AA of ERβ Alu-I polymorphisms in the case group with those in the control group, all the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05 ). CONCLUSIONS: In Han Chinese women, susceptibility to osteoporosis may be affected by ERα Pvu-II polymorphisms and ERβ Alu-I polymorphisms; those carrying genotypes containing A and P alleles may have a higher risk in osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Forensic Medicine / Fayixue Zazhi is the property of Journal of Forensic Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To analyze the mutation of chymotrypsin C (CTRC) gene in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) in southwestern Han population and to explore the mechanism of CP pathogenesis in southwestern Han population from the genetic level. Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 108 patients with CP in the southwestern Han (CP group) and 150 healthy controls (control group). The nuclear DNA of white blood cells was extracted for CTRC gene exon sequencing. The sequencing results were compared online and CTRC gene mutation was analyzed. Further, a dominant genetic model was established and the correlation between two genetics and environment was statistically analyzed based on the clinical data. Results One case of c.611C > A heterozygous missense mutation, one case of c.703G >T heterozygous missense mutation and one case of c.736C >T heterozygous missense mutation were detected in the CTRC gene exon region of CP group, while no CTRC gene mutation was detected in the exon region of the control group. In addition, live single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci were found: c. 40 + 133C > A, c. 40 + 92T > A, c. 493 + 49C > C, c. 493 + 51C > A, and c. 793-137A > C, which were located in the intron region. The frequencies of the above sites in the CP group were 0, 12.96% , 19.44% , 7. 41% , and 16.67% , respectively ; the frequencies of the above sites in the control group were 2.67% , 5.33% , 7. 33% , 6.67% , and 16.00%. The frequencies of c. 40 + 133G > A, c. 493 +49G > C sites in the CP group were higher than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). The genotype frequency and allele frequency of c.40 + 133 G > A locus and c. 493 + 49G > C locus in the CP group were both higher as compared with those of the control group (P < 0.05 or P <0.01). Under the dominant model, the CP group and the control group showed an increased risk of CP for the population with e.40 + 133G > A site or e.493 +49G >C site changes (all P<0.05). In the presence of smoking factors, there was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of c.493 +49G >C sites (OR = 4.667 , 95% CP. 1.341-16.239, P <0.05). Conclusion The e.611G>A, c.703G>T, and c.736C >T heterozygous missense mutations may lie related to the pathogenesis of CP in the southwestern Han population, SNP loci c.40 + 133G > A and c.493 + 49G >C may he the CP susceptibility sites, and the smokers with a loci c.493 +49G >C change are prone to CP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diversity of the human gut microbiota constitutes a fundamental health indicator of different populations. The relative importance of geographical location and ethnicity on the gut microbiota, however, has not been previously addressed. Due to unique ethnic distributions across China, we recruited distinct minority ethnic groups, including Han populations, in each of the seven cities that were explored in this study. We investigated the gut microbiota of 394 healthy subjects (14 groups) from these seven different cities using 16S rRNA sequencing. Our results indicated that both geographical location and ethnicity were major factors. However, geographical location exhibited greater influence than ethnicity on both the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota. In addition, a total of 15 shared biomarkers at the genus level were identified in three distinct locations, including seven in Inner Mongolia, seven in Xinjiang and one in Gansu. Furthermore, 65 unique biomarkers were found in 14 population groups, which indicated specific communities in different populations. Based on the gut microbiota species, two main enterotypes—namely Prevotella (ETP) and Bacteroides (ETB), which consist of Prevotella and Bacteroides as the core bacterial genus, were observed in Chinese populations. Our unique experimental design using the same ethnic group—Han, as a control in different locations, enables delineating the importance of geographical location and ethnicity on the gut microbiota, and provides the fundamental characteristics of gut microbiota diversity in Chinese populations.

Objective To evaluate the application of 43 -plex SNP typing system in forensic science. Methods The typing of 43 SNP loci in 123 unrelated Han individuals from East China was detected by MALDI-TOF-MS. The application value of 43-plex SNP typing system was assessed according to the forensic parameters of population genetics. Results All the 43 SNP loci of 123 individuals showed no significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium （P>0.05）. Excepted rs1355366, rs2270529, rs10776839 and rs938283, there were 39 SNP loci had minor allele frequencies （MAF）, which were greater than 0.25. Among the 25 loci MAFs, 24 ranged from 0.4 to 0.5, while 3 were close to 0.4. The DP, CDP, PIC, Ho, PEtrio and PEduo of the 43 SNP loci were 0.290 1-0.654 4, 1-9.8×10-11, 0.170 8-0.500 0, 0.155 7-0.593 5, 0.085 4-0.250 0 and 0.014 6-0.125 0, respectively. The CPEtrio and CPEduo were 0.999 986 and 0.992 436 1, respectively. Conclusion The 43-plex SNP typing system in present study shows a high polymorphism, which can be an effective supplement and verification for traditional STR genetic markers. It also can be used with other commercial kits for the forensic paternity testing and individual identification.

To explore correlation between comformation polymorphism of single strad 1059G/C(rsl800947) region of CRP gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among Han population in the Zunyi area. Methods The ploymerase chain reaction and single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR SSCP) was adopted to examine the comformational polymorphism of single strand 1059G/C( rs l800947) region of CRP gene among Han population in the Zunyi area, including 137 patients with T2DM (T2DM group) and 128 subjects undergoing the healthy physical examination (healthy control group). Results The three geno types of CC, CG and CT were detected in 1059G/C of CRP gene. Both the frequencies of various genotypes and allele frequencies had statistically significant differences between T2DM group and healthy control group (P<0. 05) . There was a positive correlation between CG, CT and T2DM (P <0. 05). The 9C/G and 6A/T base variation was detected out in the allele G and T. Conclusion The 1059G/C region of CRP gene has the polymorphic distribution among the population in Zunyi area. It is speculated t hat the two polymorphic sites of 9C/G and 6A/T of 1059G/C of CRP gene are correlated with T2DM among the population in the Zunyi area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This paper aims to investigate the distribution of genotypes and alleles of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase p22phox -930A/G, 242C/T and -675A/T, so as to evaluate the association between three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and risk of atherosclerotic ischemic stroke in permanent resident population of Han nationality living in Shanghai area. Methods The genotypes and allele frequencies of NADPH oxidase p22phox subunit -930A/G, 242C/T and -675A/T were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis in 205 patients with ischemic stroke and 136 healthy controls. Results In patients with ischemic stroke, the results of PCR-RFLP in variant genetic loci were different. For -930A/G, one band appeared at 268 bp of genotype AA; 2 bands appeared at 197 and 71 bp of genotype GG; 3 bands appeared at 268, 197 and 71 bp of genotype AG. For 242C/T, one band appeared at 348 bp of genotype CC; 2 bands appeared at 188 and 160 bp of genotype TT; 3 bands appeared at 348, 188 and 160 bp of genotype CT. For -675A/T, 2 bands appeared at 158 and 54 bp of genotype TT; 3 bands appeared at 212, 158 and 54 bp of genotype AT. The genotypes and allele frequency of all three SNPs of NADPH oxidase p22phox gene had no significant difference between ischemic stroke patients and healthy controls (P > 0.05). Conclusions The genetic polymorphism of NADPH oxidase p22phox gene -930A/G, 242C/T and -675A/T might have no association with ischemic stroke. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.09.011