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Author

Pratiwi, R. H., Hidayat, I., Hanafi, M., and Mangunwardoyo, W.

Subjects
Microbiology, QR1-502
Published
2016

5. Perceptions of reflection on a pre-service primary teacher education programme in teaching English as a second language in an institute of teacher education in Malaysia

Author

Hanafi, M.

Subjects
370, LB1501 Primary Education, LC Special aspects of education
Abstract

The practice of reflection is embedded in the curricula of pre-service teacher education programmes in many parts of the world, but there have been few studies into how the term 'reflection' is understood by those who are required to do it, namely, the student teachers themselves. This study seeks to redress this gap by investigating the perceptions of pre-service student teachers and teacher educators on the Bachelor of Teaching TESL programme in Malaysia of the meaning and practice of the term 'reflection' and the way this is manifested in the written reflections of the student teachers during their Teaching Practicum. The study will also shed some light on student teachers' engagement with reflection through an analysis of their written reflections, and the support they are given on the programme. This study adopts a predominantly interpretive qualitative methodology in gathering and analysing the data, while a quantitative approach is used as part of the analysis of the written reflections. Interviews were conducted to explore the meaning of 'reflection' as perceived by the student teachers and teacher educators, while the written reflections of the student teachers were also collected and analysed inductively in order to understand how they engage in reflection during the practicum. The analysis of the data reveals that 'reflection' involves the student teachers primarily identifying their strengths and weaknesses in their lessons and providing suggestions for improvements (SWIS). The result is that their written reflections tend to adopt a fairly rigid structure. The SWIS framework also results in a very strong focus on the student teachers' written reflections with a predominant, but arguably narrow, focus on issues related to teaching performance and classroom management, and comparatively little attention to other aspects of the classroom, such as learning, learners and their language use. I have termed this characteristic of their reflections 'teaching-centric'. From the analysis of the written reflections, five features of their reflective writing emerge, namely 'Evaluation', 'Reasoning', 'Self Realisation', 'Problem Solving', and 'Describing Events'. These features demonstrate student teachers' engagement in their day-to-day practice of 'reflection'. Furthermore, the analysis shows how five features of reflective writing were combined by the student teachers in different ways to form four identifiable 'patterns of flow', which I have classified as 'Linear', 'Dominant', 'Recursive' and 'Random'. These patterns of flow illustrate student teachers' engagement in reflective writing and have the potential to be a useful tool to develop student teachers' skills of reflective writing in teaching. In terms of fulfilling the demands of the teacher education programme, arguably the support provided to the student teachers in reflective writing is arguably adequate, based on the reflective journals that the student teachers were able to produce. However, the textual analysis of the contents and the instructions in the course documents reveal that certain guidelines are fairly vague. In addition, the interviews with the teacher educators show that training student teachers in writing their reflections was limited to identifying SWIS. Therefore, the support provided to the student teachers in reflective writing is unsatisfactory and in need of improvement. An implication of the findings is that if teacher education programmes are serious about developing a language teaching methodology that is more 'communicative' and less 'teacher centred' than traditional approaches to teaching English in Malaysia, student teachers should be encouraged to reflect more widely, and their written reflections should move beyond the 'SWIS' framework to encompass areas such as the social, moral, ethical, cultural and political issues of their professional practice. Finally, the features of reflective writing identified in this study could be a useful guide to teacher educators of what constitutes good achievable practice among student teachers with limited teaching experience, and could serve a basis for developing appropriate, realistic frameworks for developing appropriate, realistic frameworks for developing and assessing student teachers' reflective journals on their practicum.

Published
2019

6. Seismic Performance of IWF Flexural Link in Inverted-V Eccentrically Braced Frames With Different Stiffener Spaces

Author

Hanafi M. Fujii, Hasan Muttaqin, Panjaitan Arief, and Shimizu Masaru

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Resistant structures, such as Eccentrically Braced Frames (EBFs), are required to be established in earthquake-hazard areas. In EBFs, an essential beam component, known as link, plays a crucial role in determining the performance of these structures. As the seismic energy dissipator, link experiences failure to prevent heavy damage to other EBFs members, such as beams and columns. Although several studies have been carried out to enhance the seismic performance of link, there is still limited regarding these elements. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate several IWF flexural links constructed in FE models of Inverted-V EBFs. A total of three flexural links with different stiffener spaces were considered namely non-spacing, 250 mm, and 100 mm stiffener spacing links. To assess their performance, cyclic loading with yield displacement control was used in EBFs models. Observations were mainly conducted on EBFs performances consisting of strength, stiffness, and dissipation energy. The results showed that the best seismic performance was specified on a 100 mm-stiffener spacing link by presenting the largest and most stable hysteresis curve. Based on these results, the configuration of the narrow space stiffener in the link element was recommended to improve the seismic performance of EBFs.

Published
2024
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7. Utilization of Ikaz and Direct Quadrature for Transient Test-Based Technique for Leakage Detection Purpose in Pipeline System

Author

Yusop, Hanafi M., Ghazali, M. F., Azmi, W. H., Yusof, M. F. M., PiRemli, M. A., Noordin, M. Z., Cavas-Martínez, Francisco, Series Editor, Chaari, Fakher, Series Editor, Gherardini, Francesco, Series Editor, Haddar, Mohamed, Series Editor, Ivanov, Vitalii, Series Editor, Kwon, Young W., Series Editor, Trojanowska, Justyna, Series Editor, Zakaria, Muhammad Aizzat, editor, Abdul Majeed, Anwar P. P., editor, and Hassan, Mohd Hasnun Arif, editor

Published
2021
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9. In vitro pro-apoptotic and anti-migratory effects of Marantodes pumilum (Blume) Kuntze and Ficus deltoidea L. extracts on prostate cancer cell lines

Author

Mohd Hanafi, M. H., Prieto-Garcia, Jose, and Gibbons, Simon

Subjects
616.99
Abstract

This thesis evaluates the in vitro pro-apoptotic and anti-migratory effects of Marantodes pumilum Blume Kuntze and Ficus deltoidea L. plants on prostate cancer cells, characterising both their mechanism of actions on some of the main Hallmarks of Cancer, and their chemistry with a view to contribute to future chemopreventive strategies. Plant materials of M. pumilum (MP) F. deltoidea var. angustifolia (FD1) and F. deltoidea var. deltoidea (FD2) were obtained from dedicated farms in Southern Malaysia. The crude methanolic extract was partitioned into n-hexane (MPh, FD1h, FD2h) chloroform (MPc, FD1c, FD2c) and aqueous extracts (MPa, FD1a, FD2a). Active fractions (GI50 < 30 μg/mL) based on prostate cancer cell line, PC3, Sulforhodamine B staining were further fractionated. Active compound/s were identified using spectroscopic methods. In vitro mechanistic studies on PC3 cells were conducted to investigate the mode of death of PC3 cells and effects of the active extracts on PC3 cells migration and invasion. MPc, FD1c and FD2c extracts induced cell death via apoptosis as evidenced by nuclear DNA fragmentation, accompanied by a significant increase in MMP depolarization (P < 0.05), activation of caspases 3 and 7 (MPc P < 0.01; FD1c and FD2c P < 0.05) in both PC3 and LNCaP cell lines. All active plant extracts up-regulated Bax and Smac/DIABLO and down-regulated Bcl-2 (P < 0.05). Only MPc inhibited the expression of ALOX-5 mRNA gene expression (P < 0.001). None resulted cytotoxic against normal human fibroblast cells (HDFa) at the tested concentrations. All active plant extracts inhibited both migration and invasion of PC3 cells (MPc; P < 0.01, FD1c and FD2c; P < 0.05), achieved by down-regulation of both VEGF and CXCL-12 gene expressions (P < 0.001). A monounsaturated 5-alkyl resorcinol was isolated as the active compound present in the MPc extract. LC-MS dereplication identified isovitexin in FD1c; and oleanolic acid, moretenol, betulin, lupenone and lupeol in FD2c. In conclusion, evidence gathered in this study suggests a role for interaction of MPc, FD1c and FD2c in three of the Hallmarks of Cancer in PC3 cells: (1) apoptosis by activating of the intrinsic pathway, (2) inhibition of both migration and invasion by modulating the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis, and (3) inhibiting angiogenesis by modulating VEGF-A expression. The compounds identified and dereplicated in this study will be further characterized and used for the standardization of the active extracts in the future.

Published
2017

10. The Implementation of Peer-Reflection to Improve Retakers’ Achievement in National Medical Students Examination

Author

Hanafi M, Randita ABT, Maryani, and Ardyanto TD

Subjects
doctor, exit-examination, peer-reflection, retaker., Special aspects of education, LC8-6691, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Muchtar Hanafi,1 Amandha Boy Timor Randita,2 Maryani,1 Tonang Dwi Ardyanto1 1Medical Education and Research Center, Teaching Hospital of Universitas Sebelas Maret, Sukoharjo, Indonesia; 2Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Tonang Dwi Ardyanto Email tonang.ardyanto@staff.uns.ac.idIntroduction: Faculty of medicine plays a role to support the students’ success in passing national exit exam through mentorship. Peer-reflection evaluates the students’ learning process. We aimed to analyze the impact of peer-reflection to change the students’ learning attitude and improve national exam score.Methods: Nine test-retaker students participated in mentorship program for three months. They took two parts of faculty-level examination. After the 1st and the 2nd part of faculty exam, there were peer-reflections I and II that argued about the characters, strengths and weaknesses, suggestions. Then, they did self-reflection to conduct responses about the mentorship including the impact of peers’ input and finally took national exam. The examination score before and after peer-reflection were compared. We analyzed the statement of reflection by documents and content analysis. The progress of examination score was analyzed descriptively.Results: The students objectively understood the strengths and weaknesses of their way of learning, and then implemented the peers’ advices. Peer-reflection method provided a feeling of same purpose, then developed ways of learning that promoted them to be higher motivated. Finally, 6 of 9 students passed the exam.Discussion: Suggestions given by peers would be memorable and powerfully changed motivation. Peer-reflection explored non-academic problems that determined the pattern and the way of how students learned.Keywords: doctor, exit examination, peer-reflection, retaker

Published
2021

13. Genetic diversity and variability among pigmented rice germplasm using molecular marker and morphological traits

Author

Hamidah Mohd Sarif, Mohd Y. Rafii, Asfaliza Ramli, Yusuff Oladosu, Hanafi M. Musa, Harun A. Rahim, Zakiah Mohd Zuki, and Samuel Chibuike Chukwu

Subjects
coloured rice, grain quality, quantitative traits, genetic diversity, simple sequence repeat (ssr), Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65
Abstract

Exploring the genetic aspects of germplasm using genotypic and phenotypic analysis is more reliable for the development of rice varieties that could lead to the attainment of food security. This is because genetic variations provide a space for recombinants, which is an important factor in new varietal development. This study was conducted to evaluate genetic variability and diversity among 32 coloured rice accessions using agro-morphological characteristics and simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. Quantitative traits (morphological, grain quality and antioxidant properties) and 34 SSR molecular markers were used as tools for determining cultivar identities and genetic diversity. Most of the quantitative traits showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) among all rice accessions. Clustering analysis from quantitative traits categorised the accessions into four groups. Similarly, the 32 accessions were grouped into 4 cluster groups based on the analysis of 34 SSR markers. The accessions YTM15, Pulut Merah 3, Padi Randau, Ringan Bawang, DNJ128 and DV 107 can be potentially selected for development of new varieties for local cultivation. Finally, these accessions can be used as parents in further breeding programmes.

Published
2020
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15. A Real Time Road Marking Detection System on Large Variability Road Images Database

Author

Khan, B. S., Hanafi, M., Mashohor, S., Angrisani, Leopoldo, Series Editor, Arteaga, Marco, Series Editor, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Series Editor, Chen, Jiming, Series Editor, Chen, Tan Kay, Series Editor, Dillmann, Ruediger, Series Editor, Duan, Haibin, Series Editor, Ferrari, Gianluigi, Series Editor, Ferre, Manuel, Series Editor, Hirche, Sandra, Series Editor, Jabbari, Faryar, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Khamis, Alaa, Series Editor, Kroeger, Torsten, Series Editor, Ming, Tan Cher, Series Editor, Minker, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Misra, Pradeep, Series Editor, Möller, Sebastian, Series Editor, Mukhopadhyay, Subhas Chandra, Series Editor, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Series Editor, Nishida, Toyoaki, Series Editor, Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan, Series Editor, Pascucci, Federica, Series Editor, Samad, Tariq, Series Editor, Seng, Gan Woon, Series Editor, Veiga, Germano, Series Editor, Wu, Haitao, Series Editor, Zhang, Junjie James, Series Editor, Alfred, Rayner, editor, Iida, Hiroyuki, editor, Ag. Ibrahim, Ag. Asri, editor, and Lim, Yuto, editor

Published
2018
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17. FLAVONOID COMPOUND FROM ETHANOL EXTRACT OF Diospyros celebica LEAVES AS AN ANTIDIABETIC CANDIDATE.

Author

Djamil, R., Hanafi, M., Desmiaty, Y., Apriandini, L., Minarti, M., Lotulung, P. D. N., Sundowo, A., Devi, A. F., Randy, A., and Artanti, N.

Subjects
*FLAVONOIDS, *FRUIT extracts, *DIOSPYROS, *ETHANOL, *GLUCOSIDASE inhibitors, *CD26 antigen, *HYPOGLYCEMIC agents
Abstract

Ethnobotanically in Indonesia, Diospyros celebica Bakh is recognized as having antidiabetic activity. This study aimed to isolate antidiabetic compounds from the leaves of Eboni (Diospyros celebica). D. celebica leaves were dried and extracted with 96% ethanol, then fractionated and purified guided by antioxidant activity test, a-glucosidase inhibitory test, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitory test until bioactive isolates were obtained. The isolates were identified and their structures were determined based on NMR 1H, 13C, 2D, and LCMS/MS spectroscopic data. Extracts and fractions have potential antioxidant (DPPH), glucosidase inhibitor, and DPP-4 inhibitor activities as well as containing flavonoids and polyphenols. From the ethyl acetate fraction, isolate 26a-2 namely 3,5-digalloyl-(-)- epiafzelechin was obtained which was active as a DPPH scavenger, glucosidase inhibitor, and DPP4 inhibitor. The extracts, fractions, and flavonoid compounds in D. celebica leaves have the potential for antidiabetic drug candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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20. Signal Intensity of High B-value Diffusion-weighted Imaging for the Detection of Prostate Cancer

Author

Rezaeian A., Tahmasebi Birgani M. J., Chegeni N., Sarkarian M., Hanafi M. Gh., and Akbarizadeh Gh.

Subjects
Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ● Prostatic Neoplasms ● Predictive Value of Tests, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920
Abstract

Background: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a main component of multiparametric MRI for prostate cancer detection. Recently, high b value DWI has gained more attention because of its capability for tumor characterization. Objective: To assess based on histopathological findings of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy as a reference, an increase in signal intensity of prostatic lesions in comparison with normal background tissue on high b-value diffusion-weighted images could be a sign of malignancy. Material and Methods: Fifty-three consecutive patients retrospectively included in the study. All patients underwent routine TRUS-guided prostate biopsies involving 12 cores after the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. In seventeen patients (n =35 lesions), the prostate cancer was histologically confirmed by TRUS-guided prostate biopsy. The biopsy results of other patients were negative. Signal intensities on the high b-value (1600 s/mm2 ) images of the peripheral zone, the central gland, and the defined lesions were evaluated using region of interestbased measurements. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for prostate cancer detection using signal intensity of high b value diffusion-weighted images were calculated. Results: In the patients with confirmed prostate cancer, fourteen had visually increased SI on the high b-value images. The SI of lesions for these patients was higher than the SI of peripheral zone (22±18%) or central gland (31±20%). In patients with a negative biopsy, eight had visually increased SI on the high b-value images. The SI of lesions for these patients was 23±21% and 35±18% higher than the SI in the peripheral zone and the central gland, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for prostate cancer using SI of high b value DWI were 71, 87, 62, and 87 %, respectively. Conclusion: Visually increased SI on the high b-value images can be an indication of malignancy, although some benign lesions also show this increase in signal intensity. Citation: Rezaeian A, Tahmasebi Birgani M. J, Chegeni N, Sarkarian M, Hanafi M. Gh, Akbarizadeh Gh. Signal Intensity of High B-value Dif- fusion-weighted Imaging for the Detection of Prostate Cancer. J Biomed Phys Eng. 2019;9(4):453-458. https://doi.org/10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.811.

Published
2019

24. The diabetes management experiences questionnaire: Psychometric validation among adults with type 1 diabetes.

Author

Hendrieckx, Christel, Husin, Hanafi M., Russell‐Green, Sienna, Halliday, Jennifer A., Lam, Benjamin, Trawley, Steven, McAuley, Sybil A., Bach, Leon A., Burt, Morton G., Cohen, Neale D., Colman, Peter G., Holmes‐Walker, D. Jane, Jenkins, Alicia J., Lee, Melissa H., McCallum, Roland W., Stranks, Steve N., Sundararajan, Vijaya, Jones, Tim W., O'Neal, David N., and Speight, Jane

Subjects
*RELIABILITY (Personality trait), *GLYCOSYLATED hemoglobin, *RESEARCH methodology evaluation, *SELF-management (Psychology), *TYPE 1 diabetes, *PATIENT satisfaction, *PSYCHOMETRICS, *PATIENTS' attitudes, *MULTITRAIT multimethod techniques, *QUESTIONNAIRES, *PSYCHOSOCIAL factors, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *RESEARCH funding, *PEOPLE with diabetes, *SECONDARY analysis, *PSYCHOLOGICAL stress, *EVALUATION, *ADULTS, RESEARCH evaluation
Abstract

Aims: To examine the psychometric properties of the Diabetes Management Experiences Questionnaire (DME‐Q). Adapted from the validated Glucose Monitoring Experiences Questionnaire, the DME‐Q captures satisfaction with diabetes management irrespective of treatment modalities. Methods: The DME‐Q was completed by adults with type 1 diabetes as part of a randomized controlled trial comparing hybrid closed loop (HCL) to standard therapy. Most psychometric properties were examined with pre‐randomization data (n = 149); responsiveness was examined using baseline and 26‐week follow‐up data (n = 120). Results: Pre‐randomization, participants' mean age was 44 ± 12 years, 52% were women. HbA1c was 61 ± 11 mmol/mol (7.8 ± 1.0%), diabetes duration was 24 ± 12 years and 47% used an insulin pump prior to the trial. A forced three‐factor analysis revealed three expected domains, that is, 'Convenience', 'Effectiveness' and 'Intrusiveness', and a forced one‐factor solution was also satisfactory. Internal consistency reliability was strong for the three subscales (α range = 0.74–0.84) and 'Total satisfaction' (α = 0.85). Convergent validity was demonstrated with moderate correlations between DME‐Q 'Total satisfaction' and diabetes distress (PAID: rs = −0.57) and treatment satisfaction (DTSQ; rs = 0.58). Divergent validity was demonstrated with a weak correlation with prospective/retrospective memory (PRMQ: rs = −0.16 and − 0.13 respectively). Responsiveness was demonstrated, as participants randomized to HCL had higher 'Effectiveness' and 'Total satisfaction' scores than those randomized to standard therapy. Conclusions: The 22‐item DME‐Q is a brief, acceptable, reliable measure with satisfactory structural and construct validity, which is responsive to intervention. The DME‐Q is likely to be useful for evaluation of new pharmaceutical agents and technologies in research and clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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25. Effectiveness of Focal Vibration on Muscle Tone, Kinematic Parameters, and Motor Function in Individuals with Stroke, Parkinson' Disease and Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression.

Author

TAY J. Y., RIPIN Z. M., RIDZWAN M. I. Z., RAZALI M. F., and HANAFI M. H.

Subjects
MOTOR ability, MULTIPLE sclerosis, ARM, LEG, RESEARCH funding, VIBRATION (Mechanics), KINEMATICS, FUNCTIONAL assessment, PARKINSON'S disease, TREATMENT effectiveness, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, META-analysis, MUSCLE tone, SYSTEMATIC reviews, MEDLINE, STROKE rehabilitation, MEDICAL databases, ONLINE information services, CONFIDENCE intervals
Abstract

This systematic review aimed to investigate the effect of focal vibration (FV) on muscle tone, kinematic parameters and motor functions in individuals with stroke, Parkinson' disease and multiple sclerosis. It also determined the influence of vibration parameters such as frequency and amplitude, stimulation session duration, and the total number of intervention sessions on the outcome measures. PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science, and EBSCO were searched, yielding 21 qualifying articles. Within a week post-treatment, FV effectively reduced elbow spasticity (P = 0.04), improved upper limb kinematic parameters (SMD = -0.75, 95% CI: -1.50 to -0.01), and enhanced upper limb motor function (P = 0.05) in stroke patients. FV significantly improved lower limb kinematic parameters of Parkinson's disease patients (P = 0.03). Over a week post-treatment, the effect of FV was not significant in reducing spasticity for upper limb in stroke (P = 0.25) and improving kinematic parameters for lower limb in Parkinson's disease (SMD = 0.38, 95% CI: -0.58 to 1.35). The total therapy sessions significantly associated with the effect size (p = 0.042) for upper limb motor function outcome measure. Conclusion, integrating FV into rehabilitation may benefit patients with neurological disorders such as stroke, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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48. 'Is insulin right for me?':Feasibility of a pilot randomised controlled trial and acceptability of a web-based intervention to reduce psychological barriers to insulin therapy among adults with type 2 diabetes

Author

Holmes-Truscott, Elizabeth, Holloway, Edith E., Husin, Hanafi M., Furler, John, Hagger, Virginia, Skinner, Timothy C., Speight, Jane, Holmes-Truscott, Elizabeth, Holloway, Edith E., Husin, Hanafi M., Furler, John, Hagger, Virginia, Skinner, Timothy C., and Speight, Jane

Abstract

Aims Acceptable and accessible interventions are needed to address ‘psychological insulin resistance’, which is a common barrier to insulin uptake among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Our aim was to test the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) study design and acceptability of a theoretically grounded, psycho-educational, web-based resource to reduce negative insulin appraisals among adults with T2D. Methods A double-blinded, parallel group, two-arm pilot RCT (1:1), comparing intervention with active control (existing online information about insulin). Eligible participants were Australian adults with T2D, taking oral diabetes medications. Exclusion criteria: prior use of injectable medicines; being ‘very willing’ to commence insulin. Primary outcomes: study feasibility (recruitment ease, protocol fulfilment, attrition, data completeness); secondary outcomes: intervention acceptability (intervention engagement, user feedback) and likely efficacy (negative Insulin Treatment Appraisal Scale [ITAS] scores at follow-up). Online surveys completed at baseline and 2 weeks. Results During 4-week recruitment, 76 people expressed interest: 51 eligible and 35 enrolled (intervention = 17, control = 18; median[interquartile range] age = 62[53, 69] years; 17 women). Protocol fulfilment achieved by 26 (74%) participants (n = 13 per arm), with low participant attrition (n = 6, 17%). Intervention acceptability was high (>80% endorsement, except format preference = 60%). ITAS negative scores differed between-groups at follow-up (M diff = −6.5, 95% confidence interval: −10.7 to −2.4), favouring the intervention. Conclusions This novel web-based resource (“Is insulin right for me?”) is acceptable and associated with a likely reduction in negative insulin appraisals, relative to existing resources. This pilot shows the study design is feasible and supports conduct of a fully powered RCT.

Published
2022

49. Web-based intervention to reduce psychological barriers to insulin therapy among adults with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes:Study protocol for a two-armed randomised controlled trial of ‘Is insulin right for me?’

Author

Holmes-Truscott, Elizabeth, Holloway, Edith E, Husin, Hanafi M, Furler, John, Hagger, Virginia, Skinner, Timothy C, Speight, Jane, Holmes-Truscott, Elizabeth, Holloway, Edith E, Husin, Hanafi M, Furler, John, Hagger, Virginia, Skinner, Timothy C, and Speight, Jane

Abstract

Introduction Psychological barriers to insulin therapy are associated with the delay of clinically indicated treatment intensification for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D), yet few evidence-based interventions exist to address these barriers. We describe the protocol for a randomised controlled trial (RCT) examining the efficacy of a novel, theoretically grounded, psychoeducational, web-based resource designed to reduce psychological barriers to insulin among adults with non-insulin treated T2D: ‘Is insulin right for me?’. Methods and analysis Double-blind, parallel group RCT. A target sample of N=392 participants (n=196/arm) will be randomised (1:1) to ‘Is insulin right for me?’ (intervention) or widely available online resources (control). Eligible participants include adults (18–75 years), residing in Australia, currently taking oral hypoglycaemic agents to manage T2D. They will be primarily recruited via invitations and reminders from the national diabetes registry (from a purposefully selected sample of N≥12 000). Exclusion criteria: experience of self-administered injectable; previously enrolled in pilot RCT; ‘very willing’ to start insulin as baseline. Outcomes will be assessed via online survey at 2 weeks and 6 months. Primary outcome between-group: difference in mean negative Insulin Treatment Appraisal Scores (ITAS negative) at 2-week and 6-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes: between-group differences in mean positive insulin appraisals (ITAS positive) and percentage difference in intention to commence insulin at follow-up time points. All data analyses will be conducted according to the intention-to-treat principle. Ethics and dissemination Deakin University Human Research Ethics Committee (2020–073). Dissemination via peer-reviewed journals, conferences and a plain-language summary. Trial registration number ACTRN12621000191897; Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry.

Published
2022

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