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Second-generation authors of German family novels have been increasingly on the move in their literary works ever since German unification in 1989/90 which has precipitated renewed literary engagements with often migratory family pasts of exile, deportation, flight, for example, due to the Second World War, the Holocaust, or both. Concurrently, memory studies scholarship has increasingly focused on spatial migration as condition for memory. However, discourses of migration in memory studies as well as those within literary studies have focused on spatialmigration as content, thus neglecting the intersection of memory, literature, and migration on the structural level of a literary text. Søren Frank has conceptualized “migration literature” to encompass texts that are migratory in their formalistic aspects, rather than through their content. 1 Here, I elaborate on Frank’s idea of “migration as a textual strategy” by conceptualizing a textual form of migration present in second-generation family novels, such as Honigmann’s Eine Liebe aus nichts. The second generation’s self-reflexive, often experimental, writing processes when attempting to represent or narrate others’ experiences constitute the textual form of migration that I suggest. By examining the epistemological gaps that arise in the narration of the father’s story in relation to one’s own in Eine Liebe aus Nichts, I attempt to articulate a textual form of migration underway in the postmemory work it performs.

Within the context of Australian higher education, Open Educational Practice (OEP) requires a collective response from researchers and practitioners to instantiate novel, sustainable, scalable, and evidence-informed educational practices. This article outlines practice-led research's (PLR) role in educational research in open education and its potential to drive transformation and knowledge creation for practice in and through practice itself. As a creative arts methodology, PLR foregrounds practice as the locus of research activities. Practice-led researchers are deeply embedded in the research process, and knowledge production occurs through the generation of artefacts, processes, and techniques. With a focus on real-time making and research, PLR promotes a culture of knowledge production through the active 'doing' of practice within a process-oriented framework. In this paper, OEP is reframed as a creative project, and PLR, with its stress on researcher/practitioner reflexivity, becomes a methodology capable of fostering open educational practices in becoming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the current study was to determine the effects of precisely meeting estimated daily energy and Lys requirements for gestating sows over three consecutive pregnancies on sow reproductive and lactation performance. A total of 105 sows (initial reproductive cycle 1.4 ± 0.5) were randomly assigned to a precision (PF; n = 50) or control (CON; n = 55) feeding program between days 2 and 9 of gestation and housed in group-pens equipped with electronic sow feeders capable of blending two diets. The PF sows received unique daily blends of two isocaloric diets (2518 kcal/kg NE; 0.80% and 0.20% standardized ileal digestible [SID] Lys, respectively), whereas CON sows received a static blend throughout gestation to achieve 0.56% SID Lys. After weaning, sows were re-bred and entered the same feeding program as in the previous pregnancy for two subsequent pregnancy cycles (PF: n = 36; CON: n = 37; average reproductive cycle: 2.4 ± 0.5; PF: n = 25; CON: n = 24; average reproductive cycle: 3.5 ± 0.5). Sows on the PF program received 97%, 105%, and 118% (average over three pregnancy cycles) of dietary energy and 67%, 79%, and 106% of SID Lys intakes compared to CON between days 5 and 37, 38 and 72, and 73 and 108 of gestation, respectively. Estimated N (26.1%) retention did not differ between gestation feeding programs in any pregnancy, but excess N excretion was less (1617 vs. 1750 ± 54 g/sow; P < 0.01) for PF vs. CON sows. Regardless of pregnancy cycle, sows that received the PF program had greater ADG between days 38 and 72 (614 vs. 518 ± 63 g/d; P < 0.05) and between days 73 and 108 (719 vs. 618 ± 94 g/d; P = 0.063) of gestation, and greater loin depth gain between days 63 and 110 of gestation (0.7 vs. −1.1 ± 1.6 mm; P < 0.05), but BW (235.1 kg) and backfat (17.8 mm) and loin (70.5 mm) depths on day 110 of gestation did not differ. The number of piglets born alive, stillborn, and mummified, and litter birth weight (16.5 kg) did not differ in any pregnancy cycle, nor did piglet ADG during lactation (250 g/d) and piglet BW (6.7 kg) at weaning. Sows that received the PF program during gestation had lower ADFI during lactation (5.7 vs. 6.2 ± 0.2 kg; P < 0.01). Therefore, using feeding programs that precisely match estimated daily energy and Lys requirements for gestating sows provides the opportunity to reduce N losses to the environment and reduce lactation feed usage, without negatively affecting sow reproductive and lactation performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The negative effects of globalization upon the natural environment have come to the forefront of national discussion. Many people are concerned with global warming and the decline of species across the world. Increases in economic liberalism have failed to take into account the influences of unregulated free trade upon biodiversity. The focus has remained firmly on economic gains and profit. This seems to have dire consequences for biodiversity through habitat loss and the overconsumption of materials. In order to look at these effects, statistical links between globalization, CO2 emissions as a measure of industrialization, and the amount of threatened animals in a country will be analyzed. Correlations can be drawn between globalization and economic factors that illustrate negative effects upon threatened animals in the models presented. Economic liberalism is revealed to be a source of many of the problems related to environmental degradation; however, institutional liberalism may be able to provide some solutions through international agreements and stronger preservation efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An understanding of how mammalian stem cells produce specific neuronal subtypes remains elusive. Here we show that human embryonic stem cells generated early neuroectodermal cells, which organized into rosettes and expressed Pax6 but not Sox1, and then late neuroectodermal cells, which formed neural tube-like structures and expressed both Pax6 and Sox1. Only the early, but not the late, neuroectodermal cells were efficiently posteriorized by retinoic acid and, in the presence of sonic hedgehog, differentiated into spinal motoneurons. The in vitro-generated motoneurons expressed HB9, HoxC8, choline acetyltransferase and vesicular acetylcholine transporter, induced clustering of acetylcholine receptors in myotubes, and were electrophysiologically active. These findings indicate that retinoic acid action is required during neuroectoderm induction for motoneuron specification and suggest that stem cells have restricted capacity to generate region-specific projection neurons even at an early developmental stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gestating sows experience varying nutrient and energy requirements throughout gestation and across parities. The objective of the current study was to determine the effects of precisely meeting estimated (daily) energy and Lys requirements for gestating sows over two pregnancies on sow body weight (BW) change and litter characteristics at birth. One hundred and seven sows (average parity 1.4±0.5) were randomly assigned to a precision (PF; n=52) or control (CON; n=55) feeding program between day 2 and 9 of gestation and housed in group-pens equipped with electronic sow feeders capable of blending two diets. The PF sows received unique daily blends of two isocaloric diets (2518 kcal/kg NE; 0.80 and 0.20% SID Lys, respectively) while the CON sows received 2.2 kg of a static blend of the dietsto achieve 0.56% SID Lys throughout gestation. After weaning, sows were re-bred and entered the same feeding program as in the previous pregnancy (PF: n=37; CON: n=37; average parity 2.4±0.5). During the first pregnancy, CON sows had greater BW gain in the first trimester (15.1 vs 10.2±1.2kg; P < 0.05), but BW at the end of gestation did not differ. In the second pregnancy, PF sows had a greater BW gain in the second (21.4 vs 14.1±1.7kg; P < 0.05) and third trimesters (32.6 vs 24.7±3.1 kg; P < 0.05), along with heavier BW and greater loin depths at the end of gestation (249.1 vs 232.9±5.6kg and 73.1 vs 70.4±1.1mm, respectively; P < 0.05). The number of piglets born alive, stillborn, and mummified, and litter birth weights did not differ in either pregnancy. Precision feeding of gestating sows reduced BW gain in the first trimester of the first pregnancy and increased BW gain and maternal protein stores (i.e. loin depth) in the subsequent pregnancy, without affecting litter characteristics at birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 141 pigs from 24 litters were used to determine the effects of closely meeting estimated lysine and energy requirements for first parity sows during gestation on subsequent offspring growth performance until slaughter and carcass and loin quality. Sows were assigned a control (static diet composition; CON) or precision (specialized daily blend of two diets to meet estimated nutrient and energy requirements; PF) feeding regimen between d7 and 110 of gestation (n=12). At weaning (21 days of age), six pigs per litter were randomly selected and placed in a pen (1 pen per litter). All pens received ad libitum access to commercial diets in 6 phases (4-phase nursery, grower, and finisher, respectively). Individual body weights and per pen feed intakes were recorded weekly (nursery and finishing phases) or biweekly (growing phase). Four pigs per pen were slaughtered at ~125kg BW to measure carcass and loin quality. During nursery phase-3, ADG (0.60 vs. 0.53±0.02 kg/d;P< 0.05) and G:F (0.88 vs. 0.79±0.02;P< 0.05) were greater for pigs from PF versus CON sows. The ADFI in nursery phase-4 tended to be greater for pigs from PF versus CON sows (1.9 vs. 1.2±0.06 kg/d; P=0.05). By day 66 of age (end of nursery phase), pigs from PF sows had greater BW than those from CON (31.8 vs. 30.0±0.5 kg; P< 0.05); no further differences were observed for growth performance. After slaughter, there were no differences in carcass quality (e.g., hot carcass weight and lean yield) but the loin color for pigs from PF sows tended to be darker (L*; 47.4 vs. 46.5±0.1; P=0.06) and less red (a*; 6.5 vs. 6.8±0.3P=0.09) than CON. Closely meeting daily requirements for first parity sows during gestation improved offspring growth in the nursery phase, while carcass and loin quality at ~125 kg BW were generally not affected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population structure in many Arctic marine mammal species reflects a dynamic interplay between physical isolating mechanisms and the extent to which dispersal opportunities are met. We examined variation within mtDNA and eight microsatellite markers to investigate population structure and demographic history in beluga whales in the North Atlantic. Genetic heterogeneity was observed between Svalbard and West Greenland that reveals limited gene flow over ecological time scales. Differentiation was also recorded between Atlantic belugas and two previously studied populations in the North Pacific, the Beaufort Sea and Gulf of Alaska. However, Bayesian cluster analysis of the nDNA data identified two population clusters that did not correspond to the respective ocean basins, as predicted, but to: (1) Arctic (Svalbard–White Sea–Greenland–Beaufort Sea) and (2) Subarctic (Gulf of Alaska) regions. Similarly, the deepest phylogeographic signal was between the Arctic populations and the Gulf of Alaska. Fitting an isolation-with-migration model yielded genetic abundance estimates that match census estimates and revealed that Svalbard and the Beaufort Sea likely diverged 7,600–35,400 years ago but have experienced recurrent periods with gene flow since then, most likely via the Russian Arctic during subsequent warm periods. Considering current projections of continued sea ice losses in the Arctic, this study identified likely routes of future contact among extant beluga populations, and other mobile marine species, which have implications for genetic introgression, health, ecology and behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]