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Highlights • The prothesis of paclitaxel and doxorubicin microspheres (PPDM) based on 3D printing to prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis after breast conserving surgery were designed and prepared. • Breast reconstruction and chemotherapy were combined together., Systemic chemotherapy of breast cancer is commonly delivered as a large dose and has toxic side effects. Local chemotherapy would overcome the shortcomings of systemic reconstruction and could play an important role in breast cancer surgery according to personalized demand. The application of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology makes personalized customization possible. We designed and prepared a prosthesis containing paclitaxel (PTX) and doxorubicin (DOX) microspheres (PPDM) based on 3D printing to prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis after breast conserving surgery. Polydimethysiloxane has good biocompatibility and was used as a drug carrier in this study. The average particle size of the PTX and DOX microspheres were approximately 3.1 µm and 2.2 µm, respectively. The drug loading of PTX and DOX microspheres was 4.2% and 2.1%, respectively. In vitro drug release studies demonstrated that the 3D-printed prosthesis loaded with PTX and DOX microspheres could release the drugs continuously for more than 3 weeks and thereby suppress cancer recurrence with reduced side effects. The PTX and DOX microspheres not only exerted a synergistic effect, but also achieved a good sustained release effect. In vivo evaluation showed that the PPDM could effectively inhibit breast cancer recurrence and metastasis in mice with breast cancer. PPDM are expected to achieve postoperative chemotherapy for breast cancer and be highly efficient to prevent local breast cancer recurrence and metastasis., Graphical abstract Image, graphical abstract

Additional file 1: Fig. S1.Characterization of DNS. (A) X-ray diffraction patterns of different components in the DNS. (B) Scanning of different components in the DNS using differential scanning calorimetry. (C) FTIR spectra of different components in DNS. Fig. S2. Zeta potential of different preparations, as measured using the DLS. Fig. S3. Quantification of total proteins on DNS-[C6&DC]m by BCA assay after incubating different amount of [C6&DC]m to DNS at different membrane-to-DNS weight ratios (w/w). Fig. S4. (A) The membrane protein of the biomimetic nanosuspensions was determined via SDS-PAGE. (B) The protein contents of cancer cell membranes and biomimetic nanosuspensions were determined using the BCA kit. (C) Gray value of membrane-specific proteins ICAM, CD44 (D), MHC I(E), and CD80 (F). Fig. S5 Release profile of free DTX, DNS, and DNS-[C6&DC]m in (A) PBS at pH 7.4, (B) PBS at pH 6.8, or (C)10% FBS at 37 ��C. Error bars: mean �� SD (n = 3). Fig. S6 Cell uptake of the biomimetic nanosuspensions by different cancer cells was investigated using CLSM. The intracellular uptake of DNS-[C6&DC]m in B16 (A), HepG2 (B), 4T1 (C), and C6 glioma (D) cells. The nuclei were stained with Hoechst 33258 (blue), and the DNS-[C6&DC]m were labeled with DiI (red) (40�� magnification). Fig. S7. The percentage of DCs maturation. (*p