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Objective·To explore the feasibility of applying improved pathological section boxes based on image post-processing and 3D printing technology to assisting artificial intelligence (AI) in stitching pathological images of bone tumors.Methods·Bone tumor patients who underwent tumor resection surgery between February 2022 and August 2022 were enrolled. Patients and their postoperative tumor specimens were examined by CT and MRI. The skeletal anatomical landmarks of bone tumors were used to register the preoperative CT, and MRI and the postoperative CT images. The personalized pathological slice box was improved and 3D printed to guide the cutting direction of bone tumor specimens. The large pathological slices were grid-like segmented and performed with hematoxylin-eosin staining. After AI stitching the pathological images, the pathological tumor boundaries were compared with the preoperative radiological boundaries.Results·Four patients with bone tumors (2 bone metastatic neoplasm, 1 osteosarcoma, and 1 chondrosarcoma; 3 males and 1 female) were collected to design the pathological section box with an average age of (40.25±25.70) years. The lesions included 3 cases of femur and 1 case of ilium. The mean maximum tumor diameter was (12.10±4.02) cm. The modified 3D printed pathological section box could fit the surface of bone tumor individually,and overcame the problems of difficult cutting or inaccurate cutting location caused by excessive movement of bone tumor specimens in the primary pathological section box. The pathological boundaries could be completely obtained and compared with the preoperative MRI boundaries for colocalization. The outline features of the section boxes could help AI to restore the permutation of pathological fragments, and the image stitching time decreased from the previous seventy hours to one hour while the boundary coincidence rates increased to 90%.Conclusion·The improved pathological section box of 3D printing can accurately assist AI in stitching pathological images, greatly improve the efficiency of pathological image stitching and achieve the colocalization between preoperative MRI and pathological images of bone tumor specimens.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of gut microbiota from postmenopausal osteoporosis patients on bone mass in mice. Methods: Fecal samples were collected from postmenopausal women with normal bone mass (Con, n=5) and postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (Op, n=5). Microbial composition was identified by shallow shotgun sequencing. Then fecal samples were transplanted into pseudo-sterile mice previously treated with antibiotics for 4 weeks. These mice were categorized into two groups: the Vehicle group (n=7) received fecal samples from individuals with normal bone mass, and the FMT group (n=7) received fecal samples from individuals with osteoporosis. After 8 weeks, bone mass, intestinal microbial composition, intestinal permeability and inflammation were assessed, followed by a correlation analysis. Results: The bone mass was significantly reduced in the FMT group. Microbiota sequencing showed that Shannon index (p < 0.05) and Simpson index (p < 0.05) were significantly increased in Op groups, and β diversity showed significant differences. the recipient mice were similar. linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis of mice showed that Halobiforma , Enterorhabdus , Alistipes , and Butyricimonas were significantly enriched in the FMT group. Lachnospiraceae and Oscillibacter were significantly enriched in the Vehicle group. H&E staining of intestinal tissues showed obvious intestinal mucosal injury in mice. Intestinal immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of Claudin and ZO-1 in the intestinal tissue of the FMT group mice was decreased. The FITC-Dextran (FD-4) absorption rate and serum soluble CD14 (sCD14) content were increased in FMT mice. Correlation analysis showed that these dominant genera were significantly associated with bone metabolism and intestinal permeability, and were associated with the enrichment of specific enzymes. Serum and bone tissue inflammatory cytokines detection showed that the expression of TNF-α and IL-17A in the FMT group were significantly increased. Conclusion: Overall, our findings suggested gut microbiota from postmenopausal osteoporosis patients accelerate bone mass loss in mice. Aberrant gut microbiota might play a causal role in the process of bone mass loss mediated by inflammation after the destruction of the intestinal barrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the morphology and climatology of the nighttime periodic disturbances associated with medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) are investigated over the entire China sector from January 2014 to August 2017, using data from global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receivers. Firstly, a comparative case analysis of propagation characteristics reveals the complexity and day‐to‐day variations of nighttime MSTID activity. The main statistical findings indicate that these periodic disturbances predominantly occur during the summer months, with a higher occurrence rate during solar minimum. In summer, the disturbances occur more frequently in regions with lower latitudes (20–35°N) and tend to exhibit an extended duration. In the meantime, some disturbances are also detected at much lower latitudes (<20°N), with noticeable longitudinal differences. Additionally, there are two peaks in the geographic distribution of disturbances, located in the sector of 90–100°E and 105–125°E at lower latitudes, respectively. The distinct spatiotemporal evolution patterns of the two peak disturbance regions suggest that their formation mechanisms should be different. The disturbances in the eastern region exhibit similarities with electrified MSTIDs, which are closely related to Perkins instability, whereas the western disturbance region does not display apparent movement, but exhibits a higher occurrence rate and longer durations, which may be attributed to the frequent upward propagation of GWs in the southeastern region of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. Plain Language Summary: Nighttime medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) are a common phenomenon in the mid‐latitude ionosphere, exhibiting complex morphologies and day‐to‐day variations. In the China sector, regional characteristics of MSTIDs have been widely studied before, but a comprehensive statistical analysis for the entire sector is still lacking. In our study, we utilize GNSS data to investigate this phenomenon over the entire China sector (∼18–50°N, 85–125°E). It is found that nighttime MSTID activity predominantly occurs during the summer months and exhibits a negative correlation with solar activity. Spatially, disturbances occur mainly at lower latitudes (20–35°N) and can be detected at latitudes below 20°N in summer. In addition, the geographic distribution of the disturbances exhibits two peaks, approximately separated by 100°E, where different spatiotemporal evolution patterns exist. The disturbances in the eastern active region are characterized by southwestward propagation and closely related to Perkins instability, whereas those in the western region exhibit relatively fixed positions, earlier local occurrence time, and longer durations, which may be attributed to the frequent regional GWs near the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. Our findings reveal the morphology and climatology of nighttime MSTID activity over China, promoting the understanding of the intricate ionospheric disturbances. Key Points: Nighttime medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbance (MSTID) activity over China predominantly occurs in summer months and exhibits a negative correlation with solar activityNighttime MSTID activity exhibits a two‐peak distribution at lower latitudes, separated by 100°E, where different evolution patterns existThe eastern active disturbance region may be related to Perkins instability, while those in the west may be linked to regional GWs [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Longitudinal discontinuity is observed over nighttime equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crests, characterized by a significant depletion between longitudes. Multiple observations, especially GOLD 135.6‐nm airglow images, are used to investigate the EIA discontinuity in details. Discontinuity events are found more likely to occur in one hemisphere, with a longitudinal width of tens of degrees and prolonged durations of several hours from 19 to 24 LT. The plasma depletion is most conspicuous at low altitudes, near or below the peak height. For the Atlantic sector, the EIA discontinuity is most prevalent between the March Equinox and the September Equinox, with an equinoctial asymmetry of higher occurrence rates around September Equinox. The climatological results indicate that field‐aligned trans‐hemispheric wind plays a predominant role in promoting the discontinuity, which transports the plasma from one hemisphere to the other hemisphere, resulting in potential localized depletion over the EIA crest. Plain Language Summary: The equatorial ionization anomaly is one of the most prominent features in the low‐latitude ionosphere, with two well‐marked cumulating plasma bands parallel to the magnetic equator at approximately ±15° magnetic latitude. Usually, EIA crests are thought as continuous bands that vary with local time, season, and solar activity. In this work, with high spatial resolution GOLD nightglow images, the unexpected longitudinal discontinuities occurring over EIA crests are discussed. This newly found phenomenon is named the EIA discontinuity (EIAD) by a previous scholar, which is more likely to occur in one hemisphere, has a wide longitudinal span of tens degrees, and can persist for several hours. Based on our results, the trans‐hemispheric neutral winds might dominate the formation of the discontinuity. Winds drag plasmas moving along geomagnetic lines from one hemisphere to another hemisphere, causing localized density depletion and discontinuities in the crest region. Stronger winds could transport plasmas farther, responsible for potential discontinuities over both crests. This study could better our understanding of the low‐latitude ionosphere and improve the empirical modeling of EIA regions. Key Points: Discontinuity over nighttime equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crests is observed from 19 to 24 LT with longitudinal depletion of tens‐degree widthEIA discontinuity is prevalent from March to September in the American and Atlantic sectorSeasonal trans‐hemispheric winds uplift plasmas across the equator, leaving low‐altitude depletion in the discontinuity region [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]