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Abstract Detection of printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) defects is crucial for improving the efficiency of PCBA manufacturing. This paper proposes PCBA-YOLO, a YOLOv5-based method that can effectively increase the accuracy of PCBA defect detection. First, the spatial pyramid pooling module with cross-stage partial structure is replaced in the neck network of YOLOv5 to capture the resolution features at multiple scales. Second, large kernel convolution is introduced in the backbone network to obtain larger effective receptive fields while reducing computational overhead. Finally, an SIoU loss function that considers the angular cost is utilized to enhance the convergence speed of the model. In addition, an assembled PCBA defect detection dataset named PCBA-DET is created in this paper, containing the corresponding defect categories and annotations of defect locations. The experimental results on the PCB defect dataset demonstrate that the improved method has lower loss values and higher accuracy. Evaluated on the PCBA-DET dataset, the mean average precision reaches 97.3 $$\%$$ % , achieving a real-time detection performance of 322.6 frames per second, which considers both the detection accuracy and the model size compared to the YOLO series of detection networks. The source code and PCBA-DET dataset can be accessed at https://github.com/ismh16/PCBA-Dataset .

Objective: Robotic thoracic surgery provides another minimally invasive approach in addition to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) that yields less pain and faster recovery compared with open surgery. However, robotic incisions are generally placed more inferiorly, which may increase the risk of intercostal nerve injury that affects the abdominal wall. We hypothesized that a robotic approach causes greater ipsilateral rectus muscle atrophy compared with open and VATS approaches. Methods: The cross-sectional area and density of bilateral rectus abdominis muscles were measured on computed tomography scans in patients who underwent lobectomy in 2018. The differences between the contralateral and ipsilateral muscles were compared between preoperative and 6-month surveillance scans. Changes were compared among the open, VATS, and robotic approaches through a mixed effects model after adjustments of correlation and covariates. Results: Of 99 lobectomies, 25 (25.3%) were open, 56 (56.6%) VATS, and 18 (18.1%) robotic. The difference between the contralateral and ipsilateral rectus muscle cross-sectional area was significantly larger at 6 months after robotic surgery compared with open (31.4% vs 9.5%, P = .049) and VATS (31.4% vs 14.1%, P = .021). There were no significant differences in the cross-sectional area between the open and VATS approach. Conclusions: In this retrospective analysis, there was greater ipsilateral rectus muscle atrophy associated with robotic thoracic surgery compared with open or VATS approaches. These findings should be correlated with clinical symptoms and followed to assess for resolution or persistence.

During October 2022, enteric redmouth disease (ERM) affected Chinese sturgeons at a farm in Hubei, China, causing mass mortality. Affected fish exhibited characteristic red mouth and intestinal inflammation. Investigation led to isolation of a prominent bacterial strain, zhx1, from the internal organs and intestines of affected fish. Artificial infection experiments confirmed the role of zhx1 as the pathogen responsible for the deaths. The primary pathologic manifestations consisted of degeneration, necrosis, and inflammatory reactions, resulting in multiple organ dysfunction and death. Whole-genome sequencing of the bacteria identified zhx1 as Yersinia ruckeri, which possesses 135 drug-resistance genes and 443 virulence factor-related genes. Drug-susceptibility testing of zhx1 demonstrated high sensitivity to chloramphenicol and florfenicol but varying degrees of resistance to 18 other antimicrobial drugs. Identifying the pathogenic bacteria associated with ERM in Chinese sturgeons establishes a theoretical foundation for the effective prevention and control of this disease.

Abstract Climate change is closely monitored and numerous studies reports increasing air temperature and weather extremes across the globe. As a direct consequence of the increase of global temperature, the increased heat stress is becoming a global threat to public health. While most climate change and epidemiological studies focus on air temperature to explain the increasing risks, heat strain can be predicted using comprehensive indices such as Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). The Asia–Pacific region is prone to thermal stress and the high population densities in the region impose high health risk. This study evaluated the air temperature and UTCI trends between 1990 and 2019 and found significant increasing trends for air temperature for the whole region while the increases of UTCI are not as pronounced and mainly found in the northern part of the region. These results indicate that even though air temperature is increasing, the risks of heat stress when assessed using UTCI may be alleviated by other factors. The associations between El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and heat stress was evaluated on a seasonal level and the strongest regional responses were found during December-January (DJF) and March–May (MAM).

Abstract Objective We aimed to evaluate the ability of Adult Comorbidity Evaluation 27 (ACE-27) to predict perioperative outcomes and survival in elderly women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (AEOC) undergoing cytoreductive surgery. Methods We collected patients with AEOC in our hospital between January 1, 2012 and January 1, 2021. Patients younger than 65 years old or those with non-epithelial ovarian cancer were excluded. ACE-27 was applied retrospectively to assess comorbidities in the selected patients, who were then classified into two groups based on their ACE-27 scores: low ACE-27 score group (none to mild) and high ACE-27 score group (moderate to severe). Results A total of 222 elderly women with AEOC were included, of whom 164 patients accepted debulking surgery. Among those who have undergone surgery, Clavien–Dindo grade III + perioperative complications or unintended intensive care unit (ICU) admission occurred more often in patients of high ACE-27 score group, with statistically significant difference (odds ratio [OR]: 4.21, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28–14.35, p = 0.018). Further stratified analyses by age, BMI, FIGO stage and pathology also prove that OS of patients graded severe was shorter than patients graded none to moderate in cohort of age

New energy vehicles (NEVs) are considered a crucial means of reducing travel costs, enhancing consumer experiences, and innovating services. This paper aims to categorize the functional experiences of NEVs into two types: intelligent experience and eco-friendly experience, using a dual-path model. By analyzing 118,648 text data from automotive information and service platforms, the relevant factors influencing consumer satisfaction are explored. The research findings reveal that intelligent experience has a significantly positive impact on consumer satisfaction, whereas eco-friendly experience has a significantly negative impact on consumer satisfaction. This suggests that new energy vehicle companies need technological innovation in infrastructure and range to enhance consumer satisfaction. Furthermore, the research confirms that, when facing the intelligent experience of new energy vehicles, consumers’ “rational” thinking plays a dominant role, and efficacy is an intermediate variable to enhance consumer satisfaction. On the other hand, when facing the eco-friendly experience of new energy vehicles, consumers’ “emotional” thinking predominates, and identity is an intermediate variable to enhance consumer satisfaction. Additionally, the moderating effect of perceived usability is examined. When faced with the intelligent experience of NEVs, consumers with high perceived usability are more likely to generate a sense of efficiency. In the case of the eco-friendly experience of NEVs, consumers with low perceived usability are more likely to experience a sense of identity.

Objectives The cognitive expertise of experts has been an intriguing theme; there has been rapid growth in cognitive research related to esports. Given the close association between esports activities and cognition, esports holds promise in offering new perspectives for understanding cognitive expertise. This meta-analysis aims at quantitatively delineating the cognitive disparities between esports experts and amateurs. Methods The expert group comprised professional video game players and high-ranking players (top 1%), while amateurs were assigned to the control group. Research studies published between January 2000 and December 2023 were systematically searched in databases. A three-level model with cluster-robust variance estimation was used to calculate the overall effect size. The moderating variables included professional level, cognitive abilities, dependent variable type, game genre, gender and age. Results A total of 15 studies containing 142 effect sizes and 1085 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicated that, compared to amateurs, video game experts demonstrated superior cognitive abilities with a small effect size (Hedges’ g = 0.373, 95% CI [0.055–0.691], p = .012). The differences between experts and amateur players mainly manifest in spatial cognition and attention. Sensitivity analysis, risk of bias, and publication bias results indicated the reliability of these findings. Conclusions This meta-analysis confirms that esports experts possess superior cognitive abilities compared to amateurs, particularly in aspects of spatial cognition and attention. These can provide an effective reference for future selection and training in esports.

Objective: and design: Considering the clinical link between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atherosclerosis (AS), we performed bioinformatics analysis to uncover their pathogenic interrelationship. Methods and results: Data from the U.S. National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2018 were included. Among 4851 participants in NHANES, NAFLD was significantly associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk (ASCVD risk) (OR = 2.32, 95%CI: 2.04–2.65, P

Incorporating inorganic fillers into solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) to construct composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) serves as an effective strategy to comprehensively enhance the properties of solid electrolytes. Herein, a CPE is fabricated by integrating Li6PS5Cl particles into polycaprolactone (PCL). The addition of active fillers could effectively weaken the crystallization of polymer and increase the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte. In particular, the PCL-based polymer electrolyte with 3% Li6PS5Cl (PCL-3) exhibits an excellent ionic conductivity of 1.36×10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature, which is one order higher than that of PCL polymer solid electrolyte. And it achieves a high critical current density of 2.2 mA cm−2 with a capacity of 2.2 mAh cm−2. The assembled Li symmetric battery can cycle steadily for more than 3000 h at 0.5 mA cm−2 under room temperature. The LiFePO4/PCL-3/Li all-solid-state battery maintains a capacity of 125.3 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles at 0.2 C under room temperature. Notably, the LiFePO4//Li battery also shows stable cycling at 40 °C, exhibiting high reversible specific capacities of 156.7 mAh g−1 and 126.3 mAh g−1 with a retention rate of 97.15% and 94.6% at 0.2 C and 0.5 C after 100 cycles, respectively, showing promising application prospects for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries.

Abstract The low scattering efficiency of Raman scattering makes it challenging to simultaneously achieve good signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), high imaging speed, and adequate spatial and spectral resolutions. Here, we report a noise learning (NL) approach that estimates the intrinsic noise distribution of each instrument by statistically learning the noise in the pixel-spatial frequency domain. The estimated noise is then removed from the noisy spectra. This enhances the SNR by ca. 10 folds, and suppresses the mean-square error by almost 150 folds. NL allows us to improve the positioning accuracy and spatial resolution and largely eliminates the impact of thermal drift on tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopic nanoimaging. NL is also applicable to enhance SNR in fluorescence and photoluminescence imaging. Our method manages the ground truth spectra and the instrumental noise simultaneously within the training dataset, which bypasses the tedious labelling of huge dataset required in conventional deep learning, potentially shifting deep learning from sample-dependent to instrument-dependent.

Abstract Viral RNAs have been known to contain N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications since the 1970s. The function of these modifications remained unknown until the development of genome-wide methods to map m6A residues. Increasing evidence has recently revealed a strong association between m6A modifications and plant viral infection. This highlight introduces advances in the roles of RNA m6A modifications in plant-virus interactions.

Industrial microbes have become the core of biological manufacturing, which utilized as the cell factory for production of plenty of chemicals, fuels and medicine. However, the challenge that the extreme stress conditions exist in production is unavoidable for cell factory. Consequently, to enhance robustness of the chassis cell lays the foundation for development of bio-manufacturing. Currently, the researches on cell tolerance covered various aspects, involving reshaping regulatory network, cell membrane modification and other stress response. In fact, the strategies employed to improve cell robustness could be summarized into two directions, irrational engineering and rational engineering. In this review, the metabolic engineering technologies on enhancement of microbe tolerance to industrial conditions are summarized. Meanwhile, the novel thoughts emerged with the development of biological instruments and synthetic biology are discussed.

Objective: The intensivist-led cardiovascular intensive care unit model is the standard of care in cardiac surgery. This study examines whether a cardiovascular intensive care unit model that uses operating cardiac surgeons, cardiothoracic surgery residents, and advanced practice providers is associated with comparable outcomes. Methods: This is a single-institution review of the first 400 cardiac surgery patients admitted to an operating surgeon-led cardiovascular intensive care unit from 2020 to 2022. Inclusion criteria are elective status and operations managed by both cardiovascular intensive care unit models (aortic operations, valve operations, coronary operations, septal myectomy). Patients from the surgeon-led cardiovascular intensive care unit were exact matched by operation type and 1:1 propensity score matched with controls from the traditional cardiovascular intensive care unit using a logistic regression model that included age, sex, preoperative mortality risk, incision type, and use of cardiopulmonary bypass and circulatory arrest. Primary outcome was total postoperative length of stay. Secondary outcomes included postoperative intensive care unit length of stay, 30-day mortality, 30-day Society of Thoracic Surgeons–defined morbidity (permanent stroke, renal failure, cardiac reoperation, prolonged intubation, deep sternal infection), packed red cell transfusions, and vasopressor use. Outcomes between the 2 groups were compared using chi-square, Fisher exact test, or 2-sample t test as appropriate. Results: A total of 400 patients from the surgeon-led cardiovascular intensive care unit (mean age 61.2 ± 12.8 years, 131 female patients [33%], 346 patients [86.5%] with European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II

Background: Radiotherapy (RT) is integral to breast cancer treatment, especially in the current era that emphasizes breast conservation. The aim of our study was to determine the incidence of subsequent primary lung cancer after RT exposure for breast cancer over a time span of 3 decades to quantify this risk over time as modern oncologic treatment continues to evolve. Methods: The SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) database was queried from 1988 to 2014 for patients diagnosed with nonmetastatic breast cancer. Patients who subsequently developed primary lung cancer were identified. Multivariable regression modeling was performed to identify independent factors associated with the development of lung cancer stratified by follow up intervals of 5 to 9 years, 10 to 15 years, and >15 years after breast cancer diagnosis. Results: Of the 612,746 patients who met our inclusion criteria, 319,014 (52%) were irradiated. primary lung cancer developed in 5556 patients (1.74%) in the RT group versus 4935 patients (1.68%) in the non-RT group. In a multivariable model stratified by follow-up duration, the overall HR of developing subsequent ipsilateral lung cancer in the RT group was 1.14 (P = .036) after 5 to 9 years of follow-up, 1.28 (P = .002) after 10 to 15 years of follow-up, and 1.30 (P = .014) after >15 years of follow-up. The HR of contralateral lung cancer was not increased at any time interval. Conclusions: The increased risk of developing a primary lung cancer secondary to RT exposure for breast cancer is much lower than previously published. Modern RT techniques may have contributed to the improved risk profile, and this updated study is important for counseling and surveillance of breast cancer patients.

Volume fracturing technology is used to achieve economic recovery of crude oil in tight reservoirs. Then, the fluid flows into the wellbore through artificial fractures in the fractured zone, and the reservoir permeability is improved. Therefore, the study of the conductivity of artificial fractures is the key link for the fracturing development of tight reservoirs. Presently, experimental and theoretical studies on conductivity are based on a homogeneous model, which cannot reflect the nonuniform distribution of proppants in actual artificial fractures. Experiments on the long-term nonuniform sand spreading of artificial fractures in tight reservoirs are carried out in this paper with different influencing factors. Then, the influences of the matrix of proppant performance, proppant concentration, reservoir lithology, reservoir permeability and closure stress on the long-term conductivity of artificial fractures are clarified. The calculation model of the long-term conductivity of heterogeneous artificial fractures considering the reservoir characteristics, fracturing technology and reservoir characteristics is established based on the conductivity loss mechanism. Finally, the conductivity model is applied to the 7th tight reservoir block in the Ordos Basin, and the productivity prediction results are compared. The results show that the average loss of the conductivity of the heterogeneous artificial fractures is 26.6% relative to the initial state, and the loss of the conductivity is mainly at the initial stage of closure, accounting for approximately 90% at the condition of 60MPa confining pressure. The calculation accuracy of the theoretical nonuniform conductivity model is 92.2%, which can describe the continuous depression of the artificial fracture conductivity after introduction into the tight reservoir numerical simulation.

C1q domain-containing (C1qDC) proteins are significant pattern recognition receptors in the innate immune system that play important roles in regulating immune responses in vertebrates and invertebrates. In this study, a gene encoding the fish C1qDC (designated CiC1ql2) from the grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella was characterized for the first time. Like other reported C1ql proteins, CiC1ql2 contains a conserved C1q domain and a signal peptide at its 5′ end. Expression profile analysis revealed that CiC1ql2 was mostly expressed in the intestine but was expressed at low levels in the brain and gill. In vivo injection experiments directly revealed that CiC1ql2 exhibited strong responsiveness to Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas veronii and pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) challenge, as indicated by the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and peptidoglycan (PGN), and that the expression of these genes was significantly upregulated in the intestine of C. idella. Additionally, the recombinant CiC1ql2 protein obviously promoted the agglutination of the gram-negative bacteria A. hydrophila and A. veronii and the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis, as shown by in vitro binding experiments. Moreover, CiC1ql2 protein injection experiment revealed that CiC1ql2 significantly enhanced the expression levels of classic complement genes (C3, C5, and C7) and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8), while knockdown of CiC1ql2 decreased the expression of these immune-related genes. Taken together, our results suggested that CiC1ql2 could act as a pathogenic pattern recognition receptor involved in complement activation and that this might be related to the intestinal defense of C. idella against bacterial infection.

Trust propensity (TP) relies more on social than economic rationality to transform the perceived probability of betrayal into positive reciprocity expectations in older adults with normal cognition. While deficits in social rationality have been observed in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), there is limited research on TP and its associated resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) mechanisms in this population. To measure TP and related psychological functions (affect, motivation, executive cognition, and social cognition), MCI (n = 42) and normal healthy control (NHC, n = 115) groups completed a one-shot trust game and additional assessments of related psychological functions. RSFC associated with TP was analyzed using connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) and lesion simulations. Our behavioral results showed that the MCI group trusted less (i.e., had lower TP) than the NHC group, with lower TP associated with higher sensitivity to the probability of betrayal in the MCI group. In the MCI group, only negative CPM models (RSFC negatively correlated with TP) significantly predicted TP, with a high salience network (SN) contribution. In contrast, in the NHC group, positive CPM models (RSFC positively correlated with TP) significantly predicted TP, with a high contribution from the default mode network (DMN). In addition, the total network strength of the NHC-specific positive network was lower in the MCI group than in the NHC group. Our findings demonstrated a decrease in TP in the MCI group compared to the NHC group, which is associated with deficits in social rationality (social cognition, associated with DMN) and increased sensitivity to betrayal (affect, associated with SN) in a trust dilemma. In conclusion, our study contributes to understanding MCI-related alterations in trust and their underlying neural mechanisms.

Abstract Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling plays a vital role in differentiation, organogenesis, and various cell processes. As a member of TGF‐β superfamily, the BMP initiation usually accompanies crosstalk with other signaling pathways and simultaneously activates some of them. It is quite challenging to solely initiate an individual pathway. In this study, an opsin‐free optical method to specifically activate BMP receptors (BMPR) and subsequent pSmad1/5/8 cascades by a single‐time scan of a tightly‐focused femtosecond laser in the near infrared range is reported. Via transient two‐photon excitation to intrinsic local flavins near the cell membrane, the photoactivation drives conformational changes of preformed BMPR complexes to enable their bonding and phosphorylation of the GS domain in BMPR‐I by BMPR‐II. The pSmad1/5/8 signaling is initiated by this method, while p38 and pSmad2 are rarely perturbed. Based on a microscopic system, primary adipose‐derived stem cells in an area of 420 × 420 µm2 are photoactivated by a single‐time laser scanning for 1.5 s and exhibit pSmad1/5/8 upregulation and osteoblastic differentiation after 21 days. Hence, an opsin‐free, specific, and noninvasive optical method to initiate BMP signaling, easily accomplished by a two‐photon microscope system is reported.

The mechanism by which Y. ruckeri infection induces enteritis in Chinese sturgeon remains unclear, and the efficacy of drug prevention and control measures is not only poor but also plagued with numerous issues. We conducted transcriptomic and 16 S rRNA sequencing analyses to examine the differences in the intestinal tract of hybrid sturgeon before and after Y. ruckeri infection and florfenicol intervention. Our findings revealed that Y. ruckeri induced the expression of multiple inflammatory factors, including il1β, il6, and various chemokines, as well as casp3, casp8, and multiple tumor necrosis factor family members, resulting in pathological injury to the body. Additionally, at the phylum level, the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota increased, while the abundance of Plesiomonas and Cetobacterium decreased at the genus level, altering the composition of the intestinal flora. Following florfenicol intervention, the expression of multiple apoptosis and inflammation-related genes was down-regulated, promoting tissue repair. However, the flora became further dysregulated, increasing the risk of infection. In conclusion, our analysis of the transcriptome and intestinal microbial composition demonstrated that Y. ruckeri induces intestinal pathological damage by triggering apoptosis and altering the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Florfenicol intervention can repair pathological damage, but it also exacerbates flora imbalance, leading to a higher risk of infection. These findings help elucidate the molecular mechanism of Y. ruckeri-induced enteritis in sturgeon and evaluate the therapeutic effect of drugs on intestinal inflammation in sturgeon.

Abstract Objective Thoracic aortic pseudoaneurysm (TAP) is an uncommon but life-threatening condition. The present study aimed to investigate the early and midterm clinical outcome of TAP patients following TEVAR and identify potential mortality predictors. Methods We retrospectively reviewed a series of 37 eligible patients with TAP admitted to our hospital from July 2010 to July 2020. We explored their baseline, perioperative and follow-up data. Fisher exact test and Kaplan–Meier method were applied for comparing difference between groups. Results There were 29 men and 12 women, with the mean age as 59.5 ± 13.0 years (range 30–82). The mean follow-up period was 30.7 ± 28.3 months (range 1–89). For early outcome (≤ 30 days), mortality happened in 3 (8.1%) zone 3 TAP patients versus 0 in zone 4 (p = 0.028); postoperative acute arterial embolism of lower extremity and type II endoleak respectively occurred in 1(2.7%) case. For midterm outcome, survival at 3 months, 1 year and 5 years was 88.8%, 75.9% and 68.3%, which showed significant difference between zone 2/3 versus zone 4 group (56.3% vs. 72.9%, p = 0.013) and emergent versus elective TEVAR group (0.0% versus 80.1%, p = 0.049). Previous stent grafting or esophageal foreign body with Aortoesophageal fistula (AEF), and systemic vasculitis, as etiologies, resulted in encouraging immediate outcome but worse midterm prognosis. Conclusion TAP lesions at zone 2/3 and emergent TEVAR predict worse midterm outcomes compared to zone 4 lesions and elective TEVAR. The outcomes are also mainly restricted by the etiology of the TAP.

Abstract In response to the underemphasis on creativity in college engineering education and the limited knowledge and skills of early-career engineering faculty to nurture students’ creativity, the Creativity Academy was designed as a faculty development program. Using theatre-based approaches, the program aimed to train early-career engineering faculty members to incorporate creativity into their classrooms. Two research questions were addressed: how faculty incorporate creativity after participating in the Creativity Academy and how students perceive faculty integration of creativity into their classes. Interviews were conducted with ten early-career engineering faculty members who participated in the training, as well as focus group interviews with each faculty participant’s students. Results indicated that faculty participants mastered at least two creativity-fostering exercises to apply in their teaching, revised their syllabi, and incorporated these exercises to engage students and develop their creativity. Students confirmed the changes in their professors’ teaching practices and expressed excitement. The study concludes that providing more opportunities for engineering students to develop creativity is essential, and the implications of the findings are discussed with suggestions for future Creativity Academy programs.

Background: Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) is the most frequently used treatment for aneurysm in abdominal aorta. The endoleak after EVAR causes the aneurysm sac to remain enlarged and risk for rupture. Aims: The purpose of the study was to assess the efficacy of strategies and techniques for endoleak treatment. Methods: This study was a single center retrospective study of 30 patients who had kinds of endoleak. The 30 patients were from a cohort of 597 patients who received EVAR from the Secondary Xiangya Hospital, Central South University between Jan 2014 to Dec 2021, what is follow-up well and diagnosed as endoleak. Data included basic clinical information, aspects of the endoleak treatment techniques, and follow-up findings. Results: The 30 patients with endoleak were diagnosed by computed tomography angiography or digital subtraction angiography. Age is 69 ± 7.9 yrs. 26 patients are male with only 4 female patients. Immediate endoleak after EVAR is 46.7%and delayed endoleak is 53.3%. The classification of endoleak is type Ⅰ:76.6%; type Ⅱ 26.7%; type Ⅲ:6.7%; type Ⅳ:6.7%; type Ⅴ:13.3%. Different treatment of endoleak includes: screening, endovascular re-intervention and open surgery. There are 3 patients (10.0%) underwent emergency EVAR due to their rupture condition of aneurysm. All the endoleak patients’ CTA image characteristics has been reviewed. The follow-up rate is 93.3%. There are 6 patients (21.4%) died during follow-up. No aneurysm sac rupture death has been recorded. Conclusions: Endoleak after EVAR is the most frequent complication that directly affects survival and re-intervention rates. Our findings suggested that different treatment strategies based on the individual patient's situation is important for their endoleak treating result.

To facilitate the sensor fabrication and sensing operation in microstructured optical fiber-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors for high refractive index (RI) detection, we propose a special hollow fiber-based SPR sensor that comprises an opening on its body side and a thin gold layer coated on its outer surface. The analyte is able to flow into the hollow core through the side-opening to form new fiber core, with the Gaussian-like mode propagating in it. We investigate the sensing performance of the proposed sensor in a higher RI range of 1.48 to 1.54 at two feasible schemes: one is to only fill the fiber core with analyte (Scheme A), and the other is to directly immerse the sensor in the analyte (Scheme B). The results demonstrate that our sensor exhibits higher wavelength sensitivity at Scheme A with a maximum wavelength sensitivity of 12,320 nm/RIU, while a greater amplitude sensitivity was found at Scheme B with a maximum amplitude sensitivity of 1146 RIU−1. Our proposed sensor features the advantages of simple fabrication, flexible operation, easy analyte filling and replacing, enhanced real-time detection capabilities, high RI detection, and very high wavelength sensitivity and amplitude sensitivity, which makes it more competitive in SPR sensing applications.

Quantitative investment theory has emerged as a prominent and widely researched domain within the financial markets, where investors predominantly focus on discerning the intricate influences of market dynamics. In this paper, we proposed a short-term prediction-based trading strategy, which can equiponderate between return and risk, considerations while accounting for investor risk preferences. This strategy employs GM(1,1) to capture nuanced features of price dynamics in short-term intervals and update the GM(1,1) model with the latest data. Subsequently, a multi-objective planning equation is formulated to optimize asset allocations by determining the optimal holding that strikes between specific returns and risk mitigation. In the end, this work conducts a case study and sensitivity analysis using five years of gold and bitcoin price data spanning from 2016 to 2021. This empirical examination serves to affirm the efficacy and resilience of the proposed trading strategy. The case study reveals that proficient short-term price forecasting serves as a potent means to proactively mitigate risk, facilitating, judicious and objective trading practices. Moreover, it underscores the strategy's tangible utility as a guide for real-world investment decisions.

The revised United Network for Organ Sharing heart allocation policy was implemented in October 2018. Using a national transplant database, this study evaluated the transplant rate, waitlist mortality, waiting time, and other outcomes of en-bloc heart-lung transplantation recipients. Adult patients registered on the national database for heart-lung transplants before and after the policy update were selected as cohorts. Baseline characteristics, transplant rates, waitlist mortality, waiting times, and other outcomes were compared between the two periods. In total, 370 patients were registered for heart-lung transplants during the pre- and post-periods. There were significantly higher transplant rates, shorter waitlist times, and substantially reduced waitlist mortality in the post-period. Registered patients waitlisted in the post-period had significantly higher utilization of intra-aortic balloon pumps, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and overall life support, including ventricular assist devices. Transplant recipients had significantly longer ischemic times, increased transport distances, and shorter waiting times before transplantation in the post-policy period. Transplant recipients held similar short-term survival before and after the policy change (log-rank test, p = 0.4357). Therefore, the revised policy significantly improved access to en-bloc heart-lung allografts compared with the prior policy, with better waitlist outcomes and similar post-transplant outcomes.

Abstract Brain transcriptional variation is a heritable trait that mediates complex behaviors, including addiction. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping reveals genomic regions harboring genetic variants that influence transcript abundance. In this study, we profiled transcript abundance in the striatum of 386 Diversity Outbred (J:DO) mice of both sexes using RNA-Seq. All mice were characterized using a behavioral battery of widely-used exploratory and risk-taking assays prior to transcriptional profiling. We performed eQTL mapping, incorporated the results into a browser-based eQTL viewer, and deposited co-expression network members in GeneWeaver. The eQTL viewer allows researchers to query specific genes to obtain allelic effect plots, analyze SNP associations, assess gene expression correlations, and apply mediation analysis to evaluate whether the regulatory variant is acting through the expression of another gene. GeneWeaver allows multi-species comparison of gene sets using statistical and combinatorial tools. This data resource allows users to find genetic variants that regulate differentially expressed transcripts and place them in the context of other studies of striatal gene expression and function in addiction-related behavior.

Abstract In the Asia–Pacific region (APR), extreme precipitation is one of the most critical climate stressors, affecting 60% of the population and adding pressure to governance, economic, environmental, and public health challenges. In this study, we analyzed extreme precipitation spatiotemporal trends in APR using 11 different indices and revealed the dominant factors governing precipitation amount by attributing its variability to precipitation frequency and intensity. We further investigated how these extreme precipitation indices are influenced by El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) at a seasonal scale. The analysis covered 465 ERA5 (the fifth-generation atmospheric reanalysis of the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) study locations over eight countries and regions during 1990–2019. Results revealed a general decrease indicated by the extreme precipitation indices (e.g., the annual total amount of wet-day precipitation, average intensity of wet-day precipitation), particularly in central-eastern China, Bangladesh, eastern India, Peninsular Malaysia and Indonesia. We observed that the seasonal variability of the amount of wet-day precipitation in most locations in China and India are dominated by precipitation intensity in June–August (JJA), and by precipitation frequency in December–February (DJF). Locations in Malaysia and Indonesia are mostly dominated by precipitation intensity in March–May (MAM) and DJF. During ENSO positive phase, significant negative anomalies in seasonal precipitation indices (amount of wet-day precipitation, number of wet days and intensity of wet-day precipitation) were observed in Indonesia, while opposite results were observed for ENSO negative phase. These findings revealing patterns and drivers for extreme precipitation in APR may inform climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction strategies in the study region.

In this study, we established a feasible fertilization programming method for wheat production by exploring the effects of the combined application of chemical and organic fertilizers on wheat yield, nutrient uptake, soil nutrient content, and fertilizer utilization. Six treatments, no fertilizer (CK), conventional fertilizer (CF), optimized fertilizer (with reduced fertilizer amount) (RF), chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer extract (RPAE), partial replacement of chemical fertilizer with raw amino acid powder (RAF), and partial replacement of chemical fertilizer with raw humic acid powder (RHF), were set up for a field experiment. The fertilizer application rates for the RF treatment were calculated based on fertilization-monitoring techniques (30.3% nitrogen and 24.8% phosphorus reductions in 2022 and 23.0% nitrogen and 1.5% phosphorus reductions in 2023). The effects of different fertilizer treatments on yield, dry matter accumulation, plant nutrient accumulation, soil nutrients, and nutrient utilization in wheat were investigated. The results showed that, on the basis of 23% nitrogen and 1.5% phosphorus reductions, there was no significant difference in wheat yield between the RF and CF treatments and that the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer was improved. The application of organic fertilizer promoted dry matter accumulation in different organs of wheat; increased plant nutrient accumulation; improved soil nutrient content, nutrient utilization rate, nutrient partial productivity, and nutrient agronomic use efficiency; and ensured stable and increased crop yield. Specifically, compared with CF, the RPAE, RAF, and RHF organic fertilizer treatments increased wheat yield by 3.85%, 1.97%, and 0.67%, respectively, and the utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers induced by these treatments significantly increased by 40.46%, 39.28%, and 37.46% (nitrogen) and by 9.83%, 8.91%, and 7.46% (phosphorus), respectively. As a result of our experiment, we concluded that RPAE exerted the best effects among the three organic fertilizer treatments (RPAE, RAF, and RHF) and that its use can result in a higher wheat yield and fertilizer utilization rate in drip-irrigated wheat fields. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the combined application of chemical and organic fertilizers, which is conducive to sustainable agriculture development.

Abstract Aconitum carmichaelii (Fuzi) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely used in the clinic to save the dying life for over several thousand years. However, the medicinal components of Fuzi in treating vascular senescence (VS) and its potential mechanism remain unclear. In this study, a network pharmacology method was used to explore the possible components and further validated by experiments to get a candidate compound, deoxyandrographolide (DA). DA restrains aging biomarkers, such as p16, p21, γH2A.X, and p53 in vitro and in vivo blood co‐culture studies. Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), mouse double minute2 (MDM2), cyclin‐dependent kinase 4, and mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) are predicted to be the possible targets of DA based on virtual screening. Subsequent bio‐layer interferometry results indicated that DA showed good affinity capability with HDAC1. DA enhances the protein expression of HDAC1 in the angiotensin II‐induced senescence process by inhibiting its ubiquitination degradation. Loss of HDAC1 by CRISPR/Cas9 leads to the disappearance of DA's anti‐aging property. The enhancement of HDAC1 represses H3K4me3 (a biomarker of chromosomal activity) and improves chromosome stability. RNA sequencing results also confirmed our hypothesis. Our evidence illuminated that DA may achieve as a novel compound in the treatment of VS by improving chromosome stability.

Background: PD-1 inhibitor and chemotherapy demonstrated durable antitumor activity with a manageable safety profile as the first-line treatment in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors plus different dose intensity neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced ESCC. Methods: Patients with locally advanced but resectable thoracic ESCC, staged as T3 or T4a, N0–3, and M0 or M1 lymph node metastasis (confined to the supraclavicular lymph nodes), were enrolled in this study. The eligible patients received tislelizumab plus different dose intensity chemotherapy for a 21-day cycle with repeated 2–4 cycles before surgery. The primary endpoints are pathological complete response (pCR) and major pathological response (MPR), and the secondary endpoints are objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and disease-free survival (DFS). Results: From November 2019 to February 2022, 122 cases received at least two cycles neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy and were evaluated by imaging examination. Subsequently, 99 patients underwent surgery and were evaluated by pathological evaluation. According to chemotherapy dose intensity, the patients were divided into three cohorts: cohort 1 (

In plants, alternative splicing is a crucial mechanism for regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, which leads to diverse proteins by generating multiple mature mRNA isoforms and diversify the gene regulation. Due to the complexity and variability of this process, accurate identification of splicing events is a vital step in studying alternative splicing. This article presents the application of alternative splicing algorithms with or without reference genomes in plants, as well as the integration of advanced deep learning techniques for improved detection accuracy. In addition, we also discuss alternative splicing studies in the pan-genomic background and the usefulness of integrated strategies for fully profiling alternative splicing.

With the introduction of tertiary oil recovery technology, polymer oil drive technology has effectively improved the recovery rate of crude oil, but the resulting oilfield wastewater-containing polyacrylamide (PAM) is viscous and complex in composition, which brings difficulties to wastewater treatment. The treatment of this kind of wastewater has become an urgent problem to be solved, and the removal of PAM is the key. In this paper, a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) co-catalyst was used to treat PAM-containing solutions to investigate the effect of different catalytic reaction systems on the degradation of PAM. The morphological changes of the PAM solution before and after the reaction were also studied by the environmental electron microscope scanner (ESEM), and the information of the functional groups in the solution before and after the reaction was studied by infrared spectroscopy analysis of the PAM solution. The degradation rate rose by 26.3% in comparison to that without discharge when AC/Mn + TiO2 and Al2O3 were combined and catalyzed at a mass ratio of 2:1 and a discharge period of 300 min. The degradation rate rose by 19.3 and 6.8%, respectively, in comparison to AC/Mn + TiO2 and Al2O3-catalyzed alone. It demonstrates that this catalytic system has the optimum catalytic effect. HIGHLIGHT In this paper, the feasibility of low-temperature plasma generated by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) to degrade poly-containing wastewater was studied. From the perspective of improving the degradation efficiency, a double glass DBD reactor with a water-cooling function was designed, and the effect of low-temperature plasma on the degradation rate of PAM solution under different catalyst combinations conditions was studied.;

Abstract Rationale Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is thought to be a result of immune dysfunction, which is treated by glucocorticoids such as prednisone. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) have immunomodulatory properties, but their role in intestinal immune control is unclear. The major goal of this study was to look at the effects of prednisone on platelet, VIP, and PACAP levels in ITP mice, as well as the regulatory system that controls intestinal immunity. Methods Eighteen BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups: blank control group, model control group, and prednisone group, with six mice in each group. The ITP animal model control group and the prednisone group were injected with anti-platelet serum (APS) to replicate the ITP animal model. The prednisone group began prednisone intervention on the 8th day. Platelet count was dynamically measured before APS injection, on the 4th day of injection, on the 1st day of administration, on the 4th day of administration, and at the end of the experiment. After the experiment, the expression of p53 protein in mouse mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes was detected by immunohistochemistry. The changes in lymphocyte apoptosis rate in mouse mesenteric lymph nodes were detected by in situ terminal transferase labeling (TUNEL). The contents of VIP and PACAP in the mouse brain, colon, and serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The contents of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17A in the mouse spleen were detected by ELISA. Results ①Changes of peripheral platelet count: there was no significant difference in platelet count among the three groups before modeling; on the 4th day, the platelet count decreased in the model control group and prednisone group; on the 8th day, the number of platelets in model control group and prednisone group was at the lowest level; on the 12th day, the platelet count in prednisone group recovered significantly; on the 15th day, the platelet count in prednisone group continued to rise. ②Changes of VIP, PACAP: compared with the blank control group, VIP and PACAP in the model control group decreased significantly in the brain, colon, and serum. Compared with the model control group, the levels of VIP and PACAP in the brain, colon, and serum in the prednisone group were increased except for serum PACAP. ③Changes of mesenteric lymphocytes: the expression of p53 protein in the mesenteric lymph nodes of model control group mice was significantly higher than that of blank control group mice. After prednisone intervention, the expression of p53 protein decreased significantly.④Changes of cytokines in spleen: compared with blank control group, IFN- γ, IL-17A increased and IL-4 and IL-10 decreased in model control group. After prednisone intervention, IFN- γ, IL-17A was down-regulated and IL-4 and IL-10 were upregulated. Conclusions Prednisone-upregulated VIP and PACAP levels decreased P53 protein expression and apoptosis rate in mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes and affected cytokine expression in ITP model mice. Therefore, we speculate that the regulation of intestinal immune function may be a potential mechanism of prednisone in treating ITP.

Abstract Background Itaconic acid, an unsaturated C5 dicarbonic acid, has significant market demand and prospects. It has numerous biological functions, such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative in medicine, and is an essential renewable platform chemical in industry. However, the development of industrial itaconic acid production by Aspergillus terreus, the current standard production strain, is hampered by the unavoidable drawbacks of that species. Developing a highly efficient cell factory is essential for the sustainable and green production of itaconic acid. Results This study employed combinatorial engineering strategies to construct Escherichia coli cells to produce itaconic acid efficiently. Two essential genes (cis-aconitate decarboxylase (CAD) encoding gene cadA and aconitase (ACO) encoding gene acn) employed various genetic constructs and plasmid combinations to create 12 recombination E. coli strains to be screened. Among them, E. coli BL-CAC exhibited the highest titer with citrate as substrate, and the induction and reaction conditions were further systematically optimized. Subsequently, employing enzyme evolution to optimize rate-limiting enzyme CAD and synthesizing protein scaffolds to co-localize ACO and CAD were used to improve itaconic acid biosynthesis efficiency. Under the optimized reaction conditions combined with the feeding control strategy, itaconic acid titer reached 398.07 mM (51.79 g/L) of engineered E. coli BL-CAR470E-DS/A-CS cells as a catalyst with the highest specific production of 9.42 g/g(DCW) among heterologous hosts at 48 h. Conclusions The excellent catalytic performance per unit biomass shows the potential for high-efficiency production of itaconic acid and effective reduction of catalytic cell consumption. This study indicates that it is necessary to continuously explore engineering strategies to develop high-performance cell factories to break through the existing bottleneck and achieve the economical commercial production of itaconic acid.

Neointimal hyperplasia is a complex process after vascular interventions, acute platelet deposition and smooth muscle cell proliferation both contributed to this process. There are still no perfect solutions to solve this problem. Rivaroxaban is a novel anticoagulant that has been widely used in clinic, it has a good pharmacological effects both in vivo and in vitro. Chitosan microparticle rapamycin (MP-rapa) was fabricated, interspaces of polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffold were used as a reservoir of MP-rapa, and the scaffold was coated with hyaluronic acid rivaroxaban (MP-rapa-riva). Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) photographs were taken and water contact angles were measured, rat inferior vena cava (IVC) patch venoplasty model was used; patches were harvested at day 14 and examined by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. SEM photographs showed the microparticles rapamycin were inside the interspace of the scaffold, hyaluronic acid rivaroxaban was also successfully coated onto the surface of the scaffold. There was a thinner neointima, fewer proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive cells, fewer macrophages in the MP-rapa and MP-rapa-riva grafts compared to the control PGA graft. The result showed that this scaffold with dual anticoagulation and antiproliferation functions can effectively inhibit venous neointimal hyperplasia, although this is an animal experiment, it showed promising potential clinical application in the future.

An integrated slipper/swashplate structure is developed for seawater hydraulic axial piston pump. Considering the overturning moment of the integrated slipper, the transient hydrodynamic lubrication model of the integrated slipper is established, and the body-fitted grid and five-point finite difference method is employed to accurately solve the model. An optimization design method based on a hybrid of CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) and PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) for the integrated slipper is proposed for the interface structure with the low leakage and power loss. The optimal sealing belt of the integrated slipper is obtained, and the leakage and power loss are reduced by 27.3% and 16.7% under the same gap size, respectively. The effects of working condition on the film-forming characteristics and power consumption characteristics of the lubricating film are analyzed based on the optimized integrated slipper. It is found that the leakage and total power loss increase significantly with the increasement of working pressure and shaft speed, and decrease with the increasement of temperature. The excellent lubrication characteristics and strong anti-overturning ability of the integrated slipper/swashplate structure can improve the performance of the seawater axial piston pump, and its optimization design method proposed in this study can provide a new reference for engineers.

In this paper, multi-source observation, such as aircraft, ground-based remote sensing, and satellite-retrieved data, has been utilized to compare and analyze the vertical characteristics of aerosol optical properties and the planetary boundary layer height (HPBL) over the North China Plain (NCP) region during May–June 2016. Aircraft observations show the vertical profiles of aerosol absorption coefficients (σabs), scattering coefficients (σsca), and extinction coefficients (σext) gradually decrease with altitude, with their maximum values near HPBL. The vertical profiles of σext depended most on the vertical distribution of measured σsca, indicating a significant contribution of scattering aerosols. In addition, the prominent characteristic of the inverse relationship between σext and moisture profile could serve as a reference for predicting air quality in the NCP region. The lower layer pollution during the field experiment was likely caused by the accumulation of fine-mode aerosols, characterized by the vertical distribution of the Ångström exponent and the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) products. Typically, HPBL derived from aircraft and surface Micro Pulse Lidar (MPL) was approximate, while the predicted HPBL by meteorological data indicates an underestimation of ~192 m. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) calculated from aircraft and ground-based remote sensing (such as MPL and AERONET) experienced a strong correlation, and both of them exhibited a similar tendency. However, the AOD retrieved from satellites was significantly larger than that from aircraft and ground-based remote sensing. Overall, the inversion algorithm, cloud identification algorithm, representativeness of the space, and time of the observation may lead to an overestimation or underestimation of AOD under certain circumstances. This study may serve as a re-evaluation of AOD retrieved from multi-source observations and provide a reference to uncover the actual atmospheric environment in the NCP regions.

CO emission has been widely used as a tracer of molecular gas mass. However, it is a long-standing issue to accurately constrain the CO-to-H _2 conversion factor ( α _CO ) that converts CO luminosity to molecular gas mass, especially in starburst galaxies. We present the first resolved α _CO modeling results with multiple Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array CO and ^13 CO transition observations at both giant molecular cloud (GMC) scale at 150 pc and kiloparsec scale for one of the closest starburst mergers, the Antennae. By combining our CO modeling results and measurements of 350 GHz dust continuum, we find that most GMCs in the Antennae have α _CO values approximately four times smaller than the commonly adopted Milky Way value (4.3). We find that α _CO at GMC scales shows a strong dependence on CO intensity, ^13 CO/CO ratio, and GMC velocity dispersion, which is consistent with various theoretical and simulation predictions. Specifically, we suggest that the ^13 CO/CO line ratio and the velocity dispersion can be used to infer α _CO in starburst regions. By applying our modeled α _CO in GMC analyses, we find that GMCs in the Antennae are less gravitationally bound than in normal spiral galaxies, which is more consistent with what is predicted by merger simulations. At kiloparsec scale, we find that our modeled α _CO values are smaller than the modeled α _CO at GMC scale by 40%, which can be due to inclusion of a diffuse gas component with lower α _CO values. We find a similar correlation of α _CO and CO intensity at kiloparsec scales to that at GMC scales.

We use 0.1″ observations from the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA), Hubble Space Telescope (HST), and JWST to study young massive clusters (YMCs) in their embedded “infant” phase across the central starburst ring in NGC 3351. Our new ALMA data reveal 18 bright and compact (sub-)millimeter continuum sources, of which 8 have counterparts in JWST images and only 6 have counterparts in HST images. Based on the ALMA continuum and molecular line data, as well as ancillary measurements for the HST and JWST counterparts, we identify 14 sources as infant star clusters with high stellar and/or gas masses (∼10 ^5 M _⊙ ), small radii (≲ 5 pc), large escape velocities (6–10 km s ^−1 ), and short freefall times (0.5–1 Myr). Their multiwavelength properties motivate us to divide them into four categories, likely corresponding to four evolutionary stages from starless clumps to exposed H ii region–cluster complexes. Leveraging age estimates for HST-identified clusters in the same region, we infer an evolutionary timeline, ranging from ∼1–2 Myr before cluster formation as starless clumps, to ∼4–6 Myr after as exposed H ii region–cluster complexes. Finally, we show that the YMCs make up a substantial fraction of recent star formation across the ring, exhibit a nonuniform azimuthal distribution without a very coherent evolutionary trend along the ring, and are capable of driving large-scale gas outflows.

ε -Support vector regression ( ε -SVR) is a powerful machine learning approach that focuses on minimizing the margin, which represents the tolerance range between predicted and actual values. However, recent theoretical studies have highlighted that simply minimizing structural risk does not necessarily result in well margin distribution. Instead, it has been shown that the distribution of margins plays a more crucial role in achieving better generalization performance. Furthermore, the kernel-free technique offers a significant advantage as it effectively reduces the overall running time and simplifies the parameter selection process compared to the kernel trick. Based on existing kernel-free regression methods, we present two efficient and robust approaches named quadratic hyper-surface kernel-free large margin distribution machine-based regression (QLDMR) and quadratic hyper-surface kernel-free least squares large margin distribution machine-based regression (QLSLDMR). The QLDMR optimizes the margin distribution by considering both ε -insensitive loss and quadratic loss function similar to the large-margin distribution machine-based regression (LDMR). QLSLDMR aims to reduce the cost of the computing process of QLDMR, which transforms inequality constraints into an equality constraint inspired by least squares support vector machines (LSSVR). Both models combined the spirit of optimal margin distribution with kernel-free technique and after simplification are convex so that they can be solved by some classical methods. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the optimal margin distribution combined with the kernel-free technique in robustness, generalization, and efficiency.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder is a rare malignancy of the urinary system. It is prone to invasion and metastasis in the early stage and has a poor prognosis. This case reports a 65-year-old female patient with SCC of the bladder who was free of disease recurrence and metastasis 10 years after partial cystectomy (PC) combined with left ureteral reimplantation. The treatment plan and admission of this patient were retrospectively analyzed in order to provide some reference significance for the treatment plan for the SCC of the bladder.

The aim of this study was to explore the causes of tourists’ lesser enjoyment of theme parks through an unsupervised machine learning approach—structural topic modelling. Specifically, the research extracted a comprehensive list of discussion topics about the travel experience of tourists through the analysis of 112,000 customer reviews released by visitors to the Shanghai Disney Resort from 16 June 2016 to 4 March 2022. Then, we used sentiment analysis to distinguish positive and negative topics and to explore the relationship between tourists who buy different ticket types and sentiments in negative topics. The results show that problems such as “parking,” “service attitude,” “recommendation feeling,” “experience comparison,” and “entrance” may be the main reasons for an unpleasant experience. In addition, we also found that when tourists travel in groups (e.g., via family tickets), customers feel unhappy because of parking and fast track problems. Moreover, when tourists travel alone or with small groups, staff service attitudes, experience comparisons, and entrance processes are the sources of greater concern. Our findings can help theme park managers to better understand the expectations of tourists and take effective measures to tackle issues causing customer dissatisfaction, and they can also contribute to theme park studies in tourism management.

High-throughput double cone specimens were used to study the influence of Mo on the microstructure evolution of Al–Cu–Mg–Ag alloy under a wide range of strain along the axis. The microstructure evolution was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Results demonstrated that Al6(Fe, Mn, Mo) dispersoids formed in the Al–Cu–Mg–Ag alloy with the addition of 0.2% Mo during double-step homogenization. Meanwhile, rod-like Al20Cu2Mn3 and disk-like Al6(Fe, Mn, Mo) dispersoids segregated to opposite distribution in interdendritic regions and dendrite cores, respectively, which obviously eliminated the dispersoid-free zones and intragranular sparse regions. With different effective strains along the axis, Al6(Fe, Mn, Mo) dispersoids obviously reduced the transformation from Low-angle grain boundaries to High-angle grain boundaries. The nucleation and growth of dynamic recrystallization grains were effectively inhibited by the coupling of Al20Cu2Mn3 and Al6(Fe, Mn, Mo) dispersoids due to the obstruction of dislocation movement.

The overlapped transmitters IPT system with multi-inverters in parallel can effectively improve the power capacity. Compared with single transmitting coil, the overlapped transmitters IPT system can avoid the generation of circulating current. Aiming at the imbalanced current due to the deviation of resonant inductors and the delay of driving signal. A phase synchronization strategy based on PS-PWM is proposed. In this method, the phase difference of the resonant currents flows in the primary coils can be reduced. At the same time, the current sharing among different modules can be realized synchronously. A 2 kW equipment with two overlapped transmitters IPT System is established. The results showed that the methods can reduce the imbalanced current from 2 A to 0.2 A, and the phase difference of the resonant current is less than 5°. The efficiency of the whole modular IPT system can reach to 92.8% when the power is 2 kW.

Albumin is derived from blood plasma and is the most abundant protein in blood plasma, which has good mechanical properties, biocompatibility and degradability, so albumin is an ideal biomaterial for biomedical applications, and drug-carriers based on albumin can better reduce the cytotoxicity of drug. Currently, there are numerous reviews summarizing the research progress on drug-loaded albumin molecules or nanoparticles. In comparison, the study of albumin-based hydrogels is a relatively small area of research, and few articles have systematically summarized the research progress of albumin-based hydrogels, especially for drug delivery and tissue engineering. Thus, this review summarizes the functional features and preparation methods of albumin-based hydrogels, different types of albumin-based hydrogels and their applications in antitumor drugs, tissue regeneration engineering, etc. Also, potential directions for future research on albumin-based hydrogels are discussed.

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is the main cause of increasing postischemic heart failure and currently there is no definite treatment for myocardial I/R injury. It has been suggested that oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathological development of myocardial I/R. In this study, Yiqi Huoxue (YQHX) prescription, as a kind of Chinese herbal formula, was developed and shown to alleviate I/R injury. Network analysis combined with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry expounded the active components of YQHX and revealed the mitophagy-regulation mechanism of YQHX treating I/R injury. In vivo experiments confirmed YQHX significantly alleviated I/R myocardial injury and relieved oxidative stress. In vitro experiments validated that YQHX could relieve hypoxia/reoxygenation injury and attenuate oxidative stress via improving the structure and function of mitochondria, which was strongly related to regulating mitophagy. In summary, this study demonstrated that YQHX, which could alleviate I/R injury via targeting mitophagy, might be a potential therapeutic strategy for myocardial I/R injury.

This study looks into a new composite bridge deck structure that employs a corrugated steel plate as the base. The goal is to address the shortcomings of traditional deck-bearing capacity, stiffness, and stress performance. Specifically, this study investigates the shear performance and slip characteristics of this structure. To achieve this, the study analyzes the shear behavior and slip tendencies of the composite bridge deck. The study focuses on the role of shear studs and PBL (Perfobond Leiste) perforated steel plates as essential components for shear connections. The shear performance of the composite deck is analyzed based on the structure of shear connection keys such as shear studs and PBL perforated steel plates. The advantages of composite decks in terms of stiffness, self-weight, load-bearing capacity, shear resistance, slip resistance, etc., are discussed to provide a theoretical reference for practical engineering applications. The shear resistance of shear stud shear keys is investigated through shear push-out experiments, and the shear resistance of shear studs is investigated through finite element simulations based on the ABAQUS 2020 finite element software. The results showed that the shear load capacity of the shear studs increased with the increase in the height-to-diameter ratio for different diameters of the shear studs, and the range of increases was from 2% to 23%. However, when the diameter of the shear stud exceeded 22 mm, the ultimate shear capacity of the shear stud increased with the increase in the height-to-diameter ratio, and the magnitude of the increase slowed down. For the actual design of the composite deck, it is recommended to maintain a shear stud height-to-diameter ratio within the range of 9 to 12. When using a composite deck with a PBL open-hole steel plate, the maximum longitudinal slip at the plate end and within the span is only 0.28 mm and 0.0158 mm, respectively. These values are 31% and 36% lower than those of the composite deck with a peg shear key. Additionally, the vertical peeling within the span of the PBL open-hole steel plate is merely 0.46 mm, showing a 21% reduction compared to that of the shear studs. It can be seen that the PBL perforated steel plates are more effective than the shear studs in resisting slip and peel.

Objective: To explore the hemostatic mechanism of Jianpi Yiqi Shexue decoction (JYSD) by regulating vascular factors in an immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) mouse model. Methods: An ITP mouse model was established by the passive-immune modeling method, and interventional drugs used were prednisone tablets and JYSD. The platelet count; vascular activity–related factors vWF, VCAM-1, and TM; and VEGF and bFGF were used as observational indicators. Results: On the 8th day of administration, compared with the model group, platelet counts in the prednisone and JYSD groups increased (both P .05). Conclusion: A vascular factor disorder is involved in the pathogenesis of ITP. JYSD can increase the platelet count, upregulate VEGF expression, and reduce the TM level. JYSD has the same effect as prednisone tablets in regulating platelet, vWF, VEGF, and bFGF, with a stronger effect in normalizing VCAM-1 and TM levels. The hemostatic mechanism of JYSD is closely related to the effective balance of vascular factors.

OBJECTIVES Diarrheal disease continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. We investigated how anomalies in monthly average temperature, precipitation, and surface water storage (SWS) impacted bacterial, and viral diarrhea morbidity in Taiwan between 2004 and 2015. METHODS A multivariate analysis using negative binomial generalized estimating equations was employed to quantify age-specific and cause-specific cases of diarrhea associated with anomalies in temperature, precipitation, and SWS. RESULTS Temperature anomalies were associated with an elevated rate of all-cause infectious diarrhea at a lag of 2 months, with the highest risk observed in the under-5 age group (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.07). Anomalies in SWS were associated with increased viral diarrhea rates, with the highest risk observed in the under-5 age group at a 2-month lag (IRR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.42) and a lesser effect at a 1-month lag (IRR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.31). Furthermore, cause-specific diarrheal diseases were significantly affected by extreme weather events in Taiwan. Both extremely cold and hot conditions were associated with an increased risk of all-cause infectious diarrhea regardless of age, with IRRs ranging from 1.03 (95% CI, 1.02 to 1.12) to 1.18 (95% CI, 1.16 to 1.40). CONCLUSIONS The risk of all-cause infectious diarrhea was significantly associated with average temperature anomalies in the population aged under 5 years. Viral diarrhea was significantly associated with anomalies in SWS. Therefore, we recommend strategic planning and early warning systems as major solutions to improve resilience against climate change.

With eco-friendly green agriculture becoming the development trend of modern agriculture, how to make green investments and how to coordinate the supply chain become the key issues of agricultural green development. Using game theory and optimization theory, this paper studies the green investment decision in a two-echelon agricultural supply chain composed of a risk-averse farmer and a risk-neutral retailer under different power structures including three kinds of decentralized decision making and three kinds of cooperative decision making and conducts the supply chain coordination based on generalized Nash bargaining model. The results show that under decentralized decision making, Nash vertical, farmer-led, and retailer-led maximizes green investment level, the expected utility of farmer and retailer, respectively. In addition, the cooperative decision increases the marginal revenue, sales price, and the expected utility of the retailer and decreases the expectations of farmers. Except for retailer-led cooperative decisions, all cooperative decisions have increased the level of green investment and wholesale prices; among the six decision models, the green investment level is negatively correlated with risk aversion, while it is positively correlated with the cost-sharing contract. The optimal cost-sharing ratio is positively correlated with risk aversion and bargaining power. The cost-sharing contracts are invalid when farmers have full bargaining power. Numerical analysis shows that a cost-sharing contract with equal bargaining power can achieve perfect coordination in the supply chain.