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Glaucoma is characterized by the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), although the pathogenic mechanism remains largely unknown. To study the mechanism and assess RGC degradation, mouse models are often used to simulate human glaucoma and specific markers are used to label and quantify RGCs. However, manually counting RGCs is time-consuming and prone to distortion due to subjective bias. Furthermore, semi-automated counting methods can produce significant differences due to different parameters, thereby failing objective evaluation. Here, to improve counting accuracy and efficiency, we developed an automated algorithm based on the improved YOLOv5 model, which uses five channels instead of one, with a squeeze-and-excitation block added. The complete number of RGCs in an intact mouse retina was obtained by dividing the retina into small overlapping areas and counting, and then merging the divided areas using a non-maximum suppression algorithm. The automated quantification results showed very strong correlation (mean Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.993) with manual counting. Importantly, the model achieved an average precision of 0.981. Furthermore, the graphics processing unit (GPU) calculation time for each retina was less than 1 min. The developed software has been uploaded online as a free and convenient tool for studies using mouse models of glaucoma, which should help elucidate disease pathogenesis and potential therapeutics.

We investigated the effects of forest age and season on soil microbial community structure and enzyme activities in Hippophae rhamnoides plantation. The results showed that the amounts of total PLFAs, bacterial PLFAs, and fungal PLFAs increased with the increases of forest age. The highest values presented in mature plantation (CL). Soil enzyme activities showed the same trend as soil microbial communities. The total PLFAs, bacteria PLFAs, and fungal PLFAs exhibited significantly positive correlations with soil pH, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus. In conclusion, forest age and season has significant impacts on soil microbial community structure and enzyme activities. H. rhamnoides plantation is a suitable afforestation model, which would help improve soil fertility.

Two novel isoreticular cadmium metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with the framework formula of [Cd 2 (BPTC)(solvent) 3 ] (H 4 BPTC = 3,3',5,5'-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid) have been constructed under diverse reaction conditions and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, PXRD, IR and TGA. The neutral 3D frameworks of 1 and 2 with one-dimensional (1D) rhombic channels exhibit both distinct uptake and good selectivity for cationic methylene blue (MB) dye molecules. The adsorption capacity and adsorption kinetic constant of 2 are greater than those of 1, showing the importance of porosity and pore size during the adsorption. Moreover, both MOFs show effective degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) and methyl orange (MO) dyes under UV light irradiation.

Objective: To describe the status and related factors of self-reported pain among working-age population in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (Inner Mongolia). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Data was from the Inner Mongolia fifth health services survey. SPSS 19.0 software package was used for data analysis and χ 2 test was to compare the prevalence of self-reported pain in population with different characteristics. Unconditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors on self-reported pain. Results: A total of 11 480 working-age population was involved in this survey, with prevalence of self-reported pain among working age population as 12.3%. The prevalence rates of moderate and severe pain were 11.6% and 0.7%, respectively. Results from the unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that, in the economically poor population, the risk of self-reported pain was 1.718 times of the relatively rich people ( OR =1.718, 95 %CI : 1.381-2.831). In the rural areas, the risk of self-reported pain was higher than that in the urban population ( OR =2.506, 95 %CI : 2.030-3.092) and people with chronic illnesses had 2.880 times higher risk than those who did not have the diseases ( OR =2.880, 95 % CI : 2.474-3.352). There was an interaction noticed between gender and age. Women at or above 45 years old were more likely to develop self-report pain ( OR =1.300, 95 % CI : 1.072-1.577). Again, factors as people who were current or former smokers, who were suffering from anxiety or depression, being skinny etc . appeared as independently related to the self-reported pain. Conclusion: In working age population of Inner Mongolia, a high prevalence of self-reported pain was seen. Data showed that people who were poor, age at 45 or older, having history of smoking, with chronic diseases and anxiety/depression were risk factors related to self-reported pain.