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Abstract The Pleurotomarioidea, commonly referred to as slit shells, constitute one of the most ancient and enduring lineages within the phylum Mollusca, with its fossil record tracing back to the Upper Cambrian epoch. Its rareness and evolutionary antiquity surpass even that of the nautilus. In this study, we conducted the first transcriptome sequencing and analyses of Entemnotrochus rumphii (Schepman, 1879), a representative species of Pleurotomarioidea. Full-length transcriptome sequencing of E. rumphii was performed using the PacBio Sequel II platform with SMRT technology. A total of 64.38 gigabytes of data and 964,550 polymerase reads were generated, resulting in 28,068,998 subreads after data filtering. After de-duplication, correction, and clustering, we identified 19,273 genes. Additionally, next-generation sequencing was performed on 11 tissues of E. rumphii. This investigation provides a detailed portrayal and analytical scrutiny of its transcriptomic landscape.

Let $ d_{a}(n, 5) $ and $ d_{l}(n, 5) $ be the minimum weights of optimal binary $ [n, 5] $ linear codes and linear complementary dual (LCD) codes, respectively. This article aims to investigate $ d_{l}(n, 5) $ of some families of binary $ [n, 5] $ LCD codes when $ n = 31s+t\geq 14 $ with $ s $ integer and $ t \in\; \{2, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18\} $. By determining the defining vectors of optimal linear codes and discussing their reduced codes, we classify optimal linear codes and calculate their hull dimensions. Thus, the non-existence of these classes of binary $ [n, 5, d_{a}(n, 5)] $ LCD codes is verified, and we further derive that $ d_{l}(n, 5) = d_{a}(n, 5)-1 $ for $ t\neq 16 $ and $ d_{l}(n, 5) = 16s+6 = d_{a}(n, 5)-2 $ for $ t = 16 $. Combining them with known results on optimal LCD codes, $ d_{l}(n, 5) $ of all $ [n, 5] $ LCD codes are completely determined.

Abstract Purpose This study aims to investigate the effects of chest wall bolus in intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) technology on clinical outcomes for post-mastectomy breast cancer patients. Materials and methods This retrospective study included patients with invasive carcinoma ((y)pT0-4, (y)pN0-3) who received photon IMRT after mastectomy at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from 2014 to 2019. The patients were divided into two groups based on whether they received daily bolus application or not, and the baseline characteristics were matched using propensity score matching (PSM). Cumulative incidence (CI) of local recurrence (LR), locoregional recurrence (LRR), overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were evaluated with a log-rank test. Acute skin toxicity and late radiation pneumonia was analyzed using chi-square test. Results A total of 529 patients were included in this study, among whom 254 (48%) patients received bolus application. The median follow-up time was 60 months. After matching, 175 well-paired patients were selected. The adjusted 5-year outcomes (95% confidence interval) in patients treated with and without bolus were, respectively: CI of LR 2.42% (0.04–4.74) versus 2.38% (0.05–4.65), CI of LRR 2.42% (0.04–4.74) versus 3.59% (0.73–6.37), DFS 88.12% (83.35–93.18) versus 84.69% (79.42–90.30), OS 94.21% (90.79–97.76) versus 95.86% (92.91–98.91). No correlation between bolus application and skin toxicity (P = 0.555) and late pneumonia (P = 0.333) was observed. Conclusions The study revealed a low recurrence rate using IMRT technology. The daily used 5 mm chest wall bolus was not associated with improved clinical outcomes.

The discovery of covalent H3S and clathrate structure LaH10 with excellent superconducting critical temperatures at high pressures has facilitated a multitude of research on compressed hydrides. However, their superconducting pressures are too high (generally above 150 GPa), thereby hindering their application. In addition, making room-temperature superconductivity close to ambient pressure in hydrogen-based superconductors is challenging. In this work, we calculated the chemically “pre-compressed” Be-H by heavy metals Th and Ce to stabilize the superconducting phase near ambient pressure. An unprecedented ThBeH8 (CeBeH8) with a “fluorite-type” structure was predicted to be thermodynamically stable above 69 GPa (76 GPa), yielding a Tc of 113 K (28 K) decompressed to 7 GPa (13 GPa) by solving the anisotropic Migdal–Eliashberg equations. Be-H vibrations play a vital role in electron–phonon coupling and structural stability of these ternary hydrides. Our results will guide further experiments toward synthesizing ternary hydride superconductors at mild pressures.

Abstract Due to the BCS theory, hydrogen, the lightest element, would be the prospect of room-temperature superconductor after metallization, but because of the difficulty of the hydrogen metallization, the theory about hydrogen pre-compression was proposed that the hydrogen-rich compounds could be a great option for the high T c superconductors. The superior properties of TmH6, YbH6 and LuH6 indicated the magnificent potential of heavy rare earth elements for low-pressure stability. Here, we designed XTmH12 (X = Y, Yb, Lu, and La) to obtain higher T c while maintaining low pressure stability. Most prominently, YbTmH12 can stabilize at a pressure of 60 GPa. Compared with binary TmH6 hydride, its T c was increased to 48 K. The results provide an effective method for the rational design of moderate pressure stabilized hydride superconductors.

The combination of wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) and rolling offer the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, and fine grain, making it a viable option for the rapid production of aerospace thin-wall forgings using titanium alloy. However, the interplay between various factors such as temperature gradient, deformation force, and prior pass morphology directly influence the morphology and grain evolution before and after subsequent pass deformations, which lead to insufficient overall morphological accuracy and grain refinement uniformity. Building upon theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and experimental verification, this study focuses on investigating the metal flow behavior and grain evolution mechanism during WAAM with in-situ rolling single-pass multi-layers. By establishing correlations between morphology, microstructure, temperature, stress-strain and deformation characteristics, the process optimization strategies of large width-height ratio, shallow melting depth and fixed width spread were proposed. These findings can provide theoretical support for the deformation machine design and the high-precision, uniformly fine grains additive manufacturing of thin-walled titanium alloy forgings.

In this study, the volatile compounds of orange juice with different content of orange oil were identified by headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), and their sensory quality was analyzed via sensory evaluation. Meanwhile, the stability was investigated by rapid stability analysis instrument. The results showed that the detected aromatic compounds in orange juice increased from 19 to 71 after the addition of orange oil, mainly including terpenes, alcohols, esters, aldehydes, and ketones. With an increment of orange oil, the contents of D-limonene, β-myrcene, α-pinene, linalool, sabinene and decanal were markedly enhanced. Further results showed the key aroma compounds of orange oil were terpenes, alcohols, and aldehydes. Among them orange juice with 0.10% orange oil performed the best of taste and overall flavor. In addition, when the addition of orange oil was higher than 0.10%, the phenomenon of floating and sinking, and severe floating was gradually observed in orange juice, which significantly affected the stability of orange juice. This study reveals the effect of orange oil on the flavor and stability of orange juice, which will provide a reference for the processing of orange juice and the development of orange juice beverage.

Abstract Background The cognitive skills underlying critical thinking include analysis, interpretation, evaluation, explanation, inference, and self-regulation. The study aims to consider the possibility and effectiveness of introducing the mobile game Lumosity: Brain Training into the learning process of first-year Philology students studying at Qiqihar University. Methods The sample included 30 volunteers: 15 girls and 15 boys, whose average age was 18.4 years. Before the experiment start, the respondents took a pre-test based on the Critical Thinking Skills Success methodology, which was developed by the American scientist Starkey. It was stated that intensive one-month training with the use of the Lumosity premium application in the classroom would improve critical thinking skills. Results The pre-test results showed that some respondents had had quite good critical thinking skills before the experiment as the average score was 22.13 out of 30 points. The effectiveness was evaluated using the Student’s t-test for paired samples. It is established that there are significant differences between standard and empirical values (p = 0.012). Conclusions The research can be of interest to those who study the issue of integrating an interactive learning environment into university and student programs, as well as those who consider critical thinking as a field of scientific knowledge and seek to develop critical thinking skills. The novelty of the study is the fact that students were allowed to use the app only during classes, but the research hypothesis was confirmed. This indicates that an interactive learning environment can be considered as a tool for developing students’ critical thinking skills in the context of limited screen time.

Abstract Background Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) is a newly discovered swine pestivirus, which can cause congenital tremor and high mortality in newborn piglets and subclinical infection in adult pigs, leading to significant impacts on the pig industry. Currently, there is no approved serological method to assess APPV infection status in pig farms. Methods In this study, the envelope glycoprotein E2 of APPV was highly expressed in suspension HEK293 cells, and further an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the recombinant E2 protein (E2-iELISA) was developed and evaluated. Results The reaction parameters of the E2-iELISA were optimized, and the cutoff value was determined to be 0.2 by analyzing S/P values of 165 negative sera against APPV that were confirmed by virus neutralization test (VNT). Specificity test showed that the method had no cross-reaction with other common swine viruses. The E2-iELISA was evaluated using a panel of swine sera, and showed high sensitivity (113/120, 94.2%) and specificity (65/70, 92.9%), and the agreement rate with VNT was 93.7% (178/190). Subsequently, the E2-iELISA was utilized to investigate the seroprevalence of APPV in pig herds of China. When detecting 1368 pig serum samples collected from nine provinces in China, the overall seroprevalence of APPV was 73.9% (1011/1368). Conclusion Our findings suggest that the E2-iELISA is specific and sensitive, and could be a valuable tool for serological surveillance of APPV infection in pigs.

Transcription factor engineering has unique advantages in improving the performance of microbial cell factories due to the global regulation of gene transcription. Omics analyses and reverse engineering enable learning and subsequent incorporation of novel design strategies for further engineering. Here, we identify the role of the global regulator IhfA for overproduction of free fatty acids (FFAs) using CRISPRi-facilitated reverse engineering and cellular physiological characterization. From the differentially expressed genes in the ihfAL− strain, a total of 14 beneficial targets that enhance FFAs production by above 20 % are identified, which involve membrane function, oxidative stress, and others. For membrane-related genes, the engineered strains obtain lower cell surface hydrophobicity and increased average length of membrane lipid tails. For oxidative stress-related genes, the engineered strains present decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. These gene modulations enhance cellular robustness and save cellular resources, contributing to FFAs production. This study provides novel targets and strategies for engineering microbial cell factories with improved FFAs bioproduction.

Abstract Wound infections pose a major healthcare issue, affecting the well‐being of millions of patients worldwide. Effective intervention and on‐site detection are important in wound management. However, current approaches are hindered by time‐consuming analysis and a lack of technology for real‐time monitoring and prompt therapy delivery. In this study, a smart wound patch system (SWPS) designed for wireless closed‐loop and in‐situ wound management is presented. The SWPS integrates a microfluidic structure, an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) based sensor, an electrical stimulation module, and a miniaturized flexible printed circuit board (FPCB). The OECT incorporates a bacteria‐responsive DNA hydrogel‐coated gate for continuous monitoring of bacterial virulence at wound sites. Real‐time detection of OECT readings and on‐demand delivery of electrical cues to accelerate wound healing is facilitated by a mobile phone application linked with an FPCB containing low‐power electronics equipped with parallel sensing and stimulation circuitry. In this proof‐of‐concept study, the functionality of the SWPS is validated and its application both in vitro and in vivo is demonstrated. This proposed system expands the arsenal of tools available for effective wound management and enables personalized treatment.

Since the 21st century, the closure of domestic uranium mines in Europe has made it one of the world's leading importers of uranium. In recent years, a series of policy adjustments have led to an improving situation for enriched uranium supply, yet the challenge of natural uranium supply remains unresolved. This work divides Europe into five uranium metallogenic provinces based on its geological background and the distribution characteristics of various types of uranium deposits. The intrusive type uranium deposits in Greenland U metallogenic province, the metasomatite type uranium deposits in Ukraine U metallogenic province, and the granite-related type uranium deposits in Central Europe U metallogenic province contain a considerable amount of uranium resources, but their mining activities are difficult to continue due to a series of reasons. Benefited from the unique advantages of in-site leaching and exploitation, sandstone type uranium deposit is the most promising targets for mining among conventional uranium resource types, contains significant uranium resources in the Central Europe U metallogenic province and the Alpine orogenic belt U metallogenic province (378 × 103 t). In terms of unconventional uranium resources, the black shale type uranium deposits and the phosphate type uranium deposits (resources) are equally high potential development targets. Estimates suggest that black shale in Sweden contains 6535 × 103 t of uranium resources, and uranium can be recovered as a by-product from millions of tonnes of phosphate imported annually by EU. Sandstone type, black shale type and phosphate type, these three types of uranium resources hold significant strategic importance for Europe in the coming years, as they can provide ''local solutions'' to the energy crisis.

ObjectivesLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death, and 80–85% of all lung cancer cases are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Surgical resection is the standard treatment for early-stage NSCLC. However, lung resection, a surgical procedure, can result in complications and increased mortality. Recent studies have shown a significant correlation between complications after lung resection and right ventricular dysfunction.MethodsTransthoracic echocardiography-derived right ventricular-pulmonary artery coupling (RV-PAC) was utilized to assess right ventricular function in these patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was also conducted to assess risk factors independently associated with RV-PA uncoupling. The 3- and 5-year cumulative survival rates were estimated with Kaplan-Meier curves, and differences between groups were analyzed using the Mantel-Cox log-rank test.ResultsRV-PA uncoupling was defined as a TAPSE/PASP value < 0.67 mm/mm Hg according to spline analysis. The results of multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that diabetes is an independent risk factor for right ventricular dysfunction after lung resection in patients with NSCLC. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significant decrease in the survival rate of patients with RV-PA uncoupling at both the 3-year follow-up (73% vs 40%, p < 0.001) and 5-year follow-up (64% vs 37%, p < 0.001).ConclusionsAfter lung resection for NSCLC, the patient’s right ventricular function predicts prognosis. Patients with right ventricular dysfunction, particularly those with diabetes mellitus, have a worse prognosis. It is crucial to actively prevent and correct risk factors to reduce the mortality rate in these patients.

Abstract Human enterovirus A71 (EV‐A71) is a significant etiological agent responsible for epidemics of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Asia‐Pacific regions. There are presently no licensed antivirals against EV‐A71, and the druggable target for EV‐A71 remains very limited. The phenotypic hit 10,10′‐bis(trifluoromethyl) marinopyrrole A derivative, herein termed MPA‐CF3, is a novel potent small‐molecule inhibitor against EV‐A71, but its pharmacological target(s) and antiviral mechanisms are not defined. Here, quantitative chemoproteomics deciphered the antiviral target of MAP‐CF3 as host factor coatomer subunit zeta‐1 (COPZ1). Mechanistically, MPA‐CF3 disrupts the interaction of COPZ1 with the EV‐A71 nonstructural protein 2C by destabilizing COPZ1 upon binding. The destruction of this interaction blocks the coatomer‐mediated transport of 2C to endoplasmic reticulum, and ultimately inhibits EV‐A71 replication. Taken together, our study disclosed that MPA‐CF3 can be a structurally novel host‐targeting anti‐EV‐A71 agent, providing a structural basis for developing the COPZ1‐targeting broad‐spectrum antivirals against enteroviruses. The mechanistic elucidation of MPA‐CF3 against EV‐A71 may offer an alternative COPZ1‐involved therapeutic pathway for enterovirus infection.

Abstract Purpose This systematic review aimed to investigate the accuracy of intraoral scan (IOS) impressions of implant-supported restorations in in vivo studies. Methods A systematic electronic search and review of studies on the accuracy of IOS implant impressions were conducted to analyze the peer-reviewed literature published between 1989 and August 2023. The bias analysis was performed by two reviewers. Data on the study characteristics, accuracy outcomes, and related variables were extracted. A meta-analysis of randomized control trials was performed to investigate the impact of IOS on peri-implant crestal bone loss and the time involved in the impression procedure. Results Ten in vivo studies were included in this systematic review for final analysis. Six studies investigated the trueness of IOS impressions, but did not reach the same conclusions. One study assessed the precision of IOS impressions for a single implant. Four clinical studies examined the accuracy of IOS implant impressions with a follow-up of 1–2 years. In full arches, IOS impression procedure needed significantly less time than conventional one (mean difference for procedure time was 8.59 min [6.78, 10.40 min], P

Abstract Analysis of the superconducting properties of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) under high pressures offers valuable insights to guide the design and synthesis of high‐performance superconducting materials. Herein, the effect of pressure is investigated on the superconductivity of a typical van der Waals layered TMDs material, PdSSe, by measuring its transport properties. After initially increased pressure, superconductivity emerges at 10.2 GPa, with a critical superconducting temperature (Tc) of ≈5.1 K, accompanied by the diminishing charge density wave (CDW) that is originally strengthening. Then, the Tc gradually increases with increasing pressure, reaching 12.1 K at the maximum pressure. The study provides experimental evidence for the superconductivity of PdSSe, and to the best of the knowledge, this is the first report on the observation of amplified CDW phenomena under increasing pressure in nonmagnetic TMDs. The abnormal enhancement of CDW transition temperature at low pressure is consistent with the upward trend of resistance, which is related to the electron–electron interaction. Moreover, synchrotron X‐ray diffraction experiments reveal two additional structural phase transitions.

The Kangdian region is an important U metallogenic belt in southwestern China and has global significance for investigations of Neoproterozoic U metallogenesis. In this study, we reviewed the findings of previous studies and determined that U mineralization is associated with high-grade metamorphic, Na-rich volcano-sedimentary, and low-grade metasedimentary ore-bearing rocks. Based on geochronology data, U mineralization in the Kangdian region occurred at 830–700 Ma. Neoproterozoic U mineralization in the Kangdian region has been attributed to the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent. The mineralization is linked to magmatism that included a low degree of partial melting of U-rich basement in an extensional setting. Favorable Neoproterozoic geological and mineralization events in the Kangdian region produced U mineralization, which suggests that this region may contain U deposits. Therefore, studying Neoproterozoic U mineralization in the Kangdian region is important for enhancing the current understanding of the evolution of Rodinia with respect to global events and associated mineralization.

In aquaculture, good germplasm resources are nearly decisive for its development. The hard clam (Mercenaria mercenaria), a significant marine aquaculture bivalve in China, has flourished quickly since being introduced from North America in 1997. However, for numerous reasons, it has suffered from germplasm deterioration and uncertain origins. To address these issues, seven microsatellite DNA loci (SSRs) and mtCOI were employed to evaluate germplasm and trace the origins of various Chinese populations. The results of these two molecular genetic markers revealed weak genetic differentiation among all Chinese populations, with high genetic diversity observed across most individuals, except for a few outliers. This suggests an alarming situation regarding germplasm resources in China. Based on results of traceability analysis, the most likely areas of origin for the Chinese populations are Chesapeake Bay and the southern region of Cape Hatteras. This study provides a crucial theoretical foundation for the cultivation, conservation, and subsequent introduction of hard clam populations in China, thereby ensuring the sustainable growth of the hard clam breeding sector.

Climate change is endangering the soil carbon stock of alpine grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), but the limited comprehension regarding the mechanisms that sustain carbon storage under hydrothermal changes increases the uncertainty associated with this finding. Here, we examined the relative abundance of soil microbial keystone taxa and their functional potentials, as well as their influence on soil carbon storage with increased precipitation across alpine grasslands on the QTP, China. The findings indicate that alterations in precipitation significantly decreased the relative abundance of the carbon degradation potentials of keystone taxa, such as chemoheterotrophs. The inclusion of keystone taxa and their internal functional potentials in the two best alternative models explained 70% and 63% of the variance in soil organic carbon (SOC) density, respectively. Moreover, we found that changes in chemoheterotrophs had negative effects on SOC density as indicated by a structural equation model, suggesting that some specialized functional potentials of keystone taxa are not conducive to the accumulation of carbon sink. Our study offers valuable insights into the intricate correlation between precipitation-induced alterations in soil microbial keystone taxa and SOC storage, highlighting a rough categorization is difficult to distinguish the hidden threats and the importance of incorporating functional potentials in SOC storage prediction models in response to changing climate.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to study the in-vitro effects of multitarget inhibitor anlotinib on hypopharyngeal cancer cell proliferation and cell migration, and the underlying mechanism, which will provide new drug choices for hypopharyngeal cancer treatment. Methods: The Hypopharyngeal cancer Fadu cells were treated with anlotinib at a concentration of 0, 5, and 10 μmoL/L, respectively. Cell counting kit-8 and the colony-forming assay were used to detect the inhibition of cell proliferation. Wound-healing assay and transwell assay were used to detect the migration and invasion ability of cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect the effects of anlotinib on cell cycle and apoptosis. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to measure gene expression levels. Results: CCK-8 and colony-forming assay showed that anlotinib could significantly inhibit cell proliferative activity. Wound-healing assay and transwell assay showed that anlotinib could inhibit cell migration and scratch. These results showed that anlotinib has obvious antitumor activity. Flow cell cycle experiment showed that anlotinib could promote Fadu cell apoptosis and block the G2/M phase for inhibiting cell proliferation. In addition, anlotinib decreased the expression of HIF-1α. Conclusions: Anlotinib has an excellent suppressing effect on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of hypopharyngeal cancer Fadu cells in-vitro. Moreover, it can play an anti-tumor role through blocking cell cycle G2/M and promoting apoptosis, which may be related to the decrease of HIF-1a expression. Our study would provide a potential treatment method for patients with hypopharyngeal cancer. Level of evidence: Level 3.

Abstract A novel composite hydrogel (AM/CMC/B) synthesized from peanut shell biochar effectively adsorbs heavy metal Cd in water and reduces its toxicity to tobacco seedlings. The hydrogel, prepared via hydrothermal polymerization using acrylamide (AM), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and peanut shell biochar (B), exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity of 164.83 mg g−1 for Cd2+ and followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. In pot experiments, the application of exogenous AM/CMC/B mitigated the inhibitory effects of Cd-contaminated soil on tobacco seedling growth. Addition of 10 mg kg−1 Cd resulted in improved phenotype, root system development, enhanced photosynthetic capacity, stomatal conductance (Gs), stomatal number, and increased antioxidant activity while reducing MDA content and leaf cell death. These findings highlight the potential of AM/CMC/B as an environmentally friendly adsorbent for Cd removal from water and for reducing Cd stress toxicity in tobacco and other plants.

Abstract Bacterial infection has been a major threat to worldwide human health, in particular with the ever-increasing level of antimicrobial resistance. Given the complex microenvironment of bacterial infections, conventional use of antibiotics typically renders a low efficacy in infection control, thus calling for novel strategies for effective antibacterial therapies. As an excellent candidate for antibiotics delivery, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) demonstrate unique physicochemical advantages in antibacterial therapies. Beyond the delivery capability, extensive efforts have been devoted in engineering MSNs to be bioactive to further synergize the therapeutic effect in infection control. In this review, we critically reviewed the essential properties of MSNs that benefit their antibacterial application, followed by a themed summary of strategies in manipulating MSNs into bioactive nanoplatforms for enhanced antibacterial therapies. The chemically functionalized platform, photo-synergized platform, physical antibacterial platform and targeting-directed platform are introduced in details, where the clinical translation challenges of these MSNs-based antibacterial nanoplatforms are briefly discussed afterwards. This review provides critical information of the emerging trend in turning bioinert MSNs into bioactive antibacterial agents, paving the way to inspire and translate novel MSNs-based nanotherapies in combating bacterial infection diseases. Graphical Abstract

We introduce some methods for constructing quaternary Hermitian self-orthogonal (HSO) codes, and construct quaternary [n, 5] HSO for 342≤n≤492. Furthermore, we present methods of constructing Hermitian linear complementary dual (HLCD) codes from known HSO codes, and obtain many HLCD codes with good parameters. As an application, 31 classes of entanglement-assisted quantum error correction codes (EAQECCs) with maximal entanglement can be obtained from these HLCD codes. These new EAQECCs have better parameters than those in the literature.

The spatial and temporal variations in the atmospheric CO2 concentrations evidently respond to anthropogenic CO2 emission activities. NO2, a pollutant gas emitted from fossil fuel combustion, comes from the same emission sources as CO2. Exploiting the simultaneous emissions characteristics of NO2 and CO2, we proposed an XCO2 prediction approach to reconstruct XCO2 data based on the data-driven machine learning algorithm using multiple predictors, including satellite observation of atmospheric NO2, to resolve the issue of data gaps in satellite observation of XCO2. The prediction model showed good predictive performance in revealing CO2 concentrations in space and time, with a total deviation of 0.17 ± 1.17 ppm in the cross-validation and 1.03 ± 1.15 ppm compared to ground-based XCO2 measurements. As a result, the introduction of NO2 obtained better improvements in the CO2 concentration responding to the anthropogenic emissions in space. The reconstructed XCO2 data not only filled the gaps but also enhanced the signals of anthropogenic CO2 emissions by using NO2 data, as NO2 strongly responds to anthropogenic CO2 emissions (R2 = 0.92). Moreover, the predicted XCO2 data preferred to correct the abnormally low XCO2 retrievals at satellite observing footprints, where the XCO2_uncertainity field in the OCO-2 and OCO-3 products indicated a larger uncertainty in the inversion algorithm.

Naturally occurring granular uranium particles are typically fine and are often found as accessory minerals. However, reports of megacrystalline uraninite are rare. The discovery of megacrystalline uraninite is a significant achievement in uranium prospecting and mineralogy in the Kangdian region and China. Our team’s research and review of previous studies have led to a systematic summary of the formation age, genetic types, relationship with migmatization, and metallogenic dynamic background of megacrystalline uraninite in the Kangdian region. The key findings are as follows: (1) the formation age of megacrystalline uraninite is Neoproterozoic (790–770 Ma); (2) migmatization preceded uranium mineralization; (3) the formation of megacrystalline uraninite is linked to high-temperature, low-pressure metamorphism caused by partial melting; (4) and the formation of megacrystalline uraninite may be associated with the Rodinia rifting event. This review aims to enhance our understanding of uranium mineralization during the Neoproterozoic in China and worldwide.

Summary: Type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) possess adaptive immune features, which confer antigen-specific memory responses against haptens and viruses. However, the transcriptional regulation of memory ILC1 responses is currently not known. We show that retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor alpha (RORα) has high expression in memory ILC1s in murine contact hypersensitivity (CHS) models. RORα deficiency diminishes ILC1-mediated CHS responses significantly but has no effect on memory T cell-mediated CHS responses. During sensitization, RORα promotes sensitized-ILC1 expansion by suppressing expression of cell-cycle repressors in draining lymph nodes. RORα programs gene-expression patterns related to cell survival and is required for the long-term maintenance of memory ILC1s in the liver. Our findings reveal RORα to be a key transcriptional factor for sensitized-ILC1 expansion and long-term maintenance of memory ILC1s.

BackgroundThe KEYNOTE-048 and KEYNOTE-040 study have demonstrated the efficacy of pembrolizumab in recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (R/M HNSCC), we conducted this real-world study to investigate the efficacy of pembrolizumab in patients with R/M HNSCC.MethodsThis is a single-center retrospective study conducted in the Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (Shanghai, China). Between December 2020 and December 2022, a total of 77 patients with R/M HNSCC were included into analysis. The primary endpoint of the study was overall survival (OS), and the secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR)and toxicity.Efficacy was assessed according to RECIST version 1.1.SPSS 27.0 and GraphPad Prism 8.0 software were utilized to perform the statistical analysis.ResultsBy the cut-off date (February 28, 2023), the median OS,PFS and ORR were 15.97 months,8.53 months and 48.9% in patients treated with the pembrolizumab regimen in the first line therapy. Among these patients, 17 patients received pembrolizumab with cetuximab,and 18 received pembrolizumab with chemotherapy.We observed no significant differences between two groups neither in median OS (13.9 vs 19.4 months, P=0.3582) nor PFS (unreached vs 8.233 months, P= 0.2807). In the ≥2nd line therapy (n=30), the median OS, PFS and ORR were 5.7 months, 2.58 months and 20% respectively. Combined positive score (CPS) was eligible from 54 patients. For first line therapy, the median OS and PFS were 14.6 and 8.53 months in patients with CPS ≥1, and median OS and PFS were 14.6 and 12.33 months in patients with CPS ≥20. The immune-related adverse events (irAEs) were occurred in the 31 patients (31/77, 40.26%), and the most common potential irAEs were hypothyroidism (25.97%), and pneumonitis (7.79%).ConclusionOur real-world results indicated that pembrolizumab regimen is a promising treatment in patients with R/M HNSCC

Cancer, ranks as the secondary cause of death, is a group of diseases that are characterized by uncontrolled tumor growth and distant metastasis, leading to increased mortality year-on-year. To date, targeted therapy to intercept the aberrant proliferation and invasion is crucial for clinical anticancer treatment, however, mutant expression of target genes often leads to drug resistance. Therefore, it is essential to identify more molecules that can be targeted to facilitate combined therapy. Previous studies showed that death associated protein 3 (DAP3) exerts a pivotal role in regulating apoptosis signaling of tumors, meanwhile, aberrant DAP3 expression is associated with the tumorigenesis and disease progression of various cancers. This review provides an overview of the molecule structure of DAP3 and the discrepant roles played by DAP3 in various types of tumors. Considering the molecular mechanism of DAP3-regulated cancer development, new potential treatment strategies might be developed in the future.

Introduction High myopia is a pressing public health concern due to its increasing prevalence, younger trend and the high risk of blindness, particularly in East Asian countries, including China. The China Alliance of Research in High Myopia (CHARM) is a newly established consortium that includes more than 100 hospitals and institutions participating across the nation, aiming to promote collaboration and data sharing in the field of high myopia screening, classification, diagnosis and therapeutic development.Methods and analysis The CHARM project is an ongoing study, and its initiation is distinguished by its unprecedented scale, encompassing plans to involve over 100 000 Chinese patients. This initiative stands out not only for its extensive scope but also for its innovative application of artificial intelligence (AI) to assist in diagnosis and treatment decisions. The CHARM project has been carried out using a ‘three-step’ strategy. The first step involves the collection of basic information, refraction, axial length and fundus photographs from participants with high myopia. In the second step, we will collect multimodal imaging data to expand the scope of clinical information, for example, optical coherence tomography and ultra-widefield fundus images. In the final step, genetic testing will be conducted by incorporating patient family histories and blood samples. The majority of data collected by CHARM is in the form of images that will be used to detect and predict the progression of high myopia through the identification and quantification of biomarkers such as fundus tessellation, optic nerve head and vascular parameters.Ethics and dissemination The study has received approval from the Ethics Committee of Beijing Tongren Hospital (TREC2022-KY045). The establishment of CHARM represents an opportunity to create a collaborative platform for myopia experts and facilitate the dissemination of research findings to the global community through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. These insights can inform clinical decision-making and contribute to the development of new treatment modalities that may benefit patients worldwide.Trial registration number ChiCTR2300071219.

The substantial emissions of CO2 greenhouse gases have resulted in severe environmental problems, and research on the implementation of semiconductor materials to minimize CO2 is currently a highly discussed subject. Effective separation of interface charges is a major challenge for efficient piezo-photocatalytic systems. Meanwhile, the ultrasmall-sized metal nanoclusters can shorten the distance of electron transport. Herein, we synthesized Au25(p-MBA)18 nanoclusters (Au25 NCs) modified red graphitic carbon nitride (RCN) nanocatalysts with highly exposed Au active sites by in-situ seed growth method. The loading of Au25 NCs on the RCN surface provides more active sites and creates a long-range ordered electric field. It allows for the direct utilization of the piezoelectric field to separate photogenerated carriers during photo-piezoelectric excitation. Based on the above advantages, the rate of CO2 reduction to CO over Au25 NCs/RCN (111.95 μmol g−1 h−1) was more than triple compared to that of pristine RCN. This paper has positive implication for further application of metal clusters loaded semiconductor for piezo-photocatalytic CO2 reduction.

Highly contagious respiratory illnesses like influenza and COVID-19 pose serious risks to public health. A two-in-one vaccine would be ideal to avoid multiple vaccinations for these diseases. Here, we generated a chimeric receptor binding domain of the spike protein (S-RBD) and hemagglutinin (HA)-stalk-based vaccine for both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses. The S-RBD from SARS-CoV-2 Delta was fused to the headless HA from H1N1 (H1Delta), creating a chimera that forms trimers in solution. The cryo-electron microscopy structure of the chimeric protein complexed with the RBD-targeting CB6 and the HA-stalk-targeting CR9114 antibodies shows that the trimeric protein is stable and accessible for neutralizing antibody binding. Immunization with the vaccine elicited high and long-lasting neutralizing antibodies and effectively protected mice against the challenges of lethal H1N1 or heterosubtypic H5N8, as well as the SARS-CoV-2 Delta or Omicron BA.2 variants. Overall, this study offers a two-in-one universal vaccine design to combat infections caused by both SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and influenza viruses.

Abstract The carnivorous gastropod Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) is one of the most notorious ecological invaders worldwide. Here, we present the first high-quality chromosome-scale reference R. venosa genome obtained via PacBio sequencing, Illumina paired-end sequencing, and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture scaffolding. The assembled genome has a size of 2.30 Gb, with a scaffold N50 length of 64.63 Mb, and is anchored to 35 chromosomes. It contains 29,649 protein-coding genes, 77.22% of which were functionally annotated. Given its high heterozygosity (1.41%) and large proportion of repeat sequences (57.72%), it is one of the most complex genome assemblies. This chromosome-level genome assembly of R. venosa is an important resource for understanding molluscan evolutionary adaption and provides a genetic basis for its biological invasion control.

Abstract Atmospheric turbulence can cause critical problems in many applications. To effectively avoid or mitigate turbulence, knowledge of turbulence strength at various distances could be of immense value. Due to light-matter interaction, optical beams can probe longitudinal turbulence changes. Unfortunately, previous approaches tended to be limited to relatively short distances or large transceivers. Here, we explore turbulence probing utilizing multiple sequentially transmitted longitudinally structured beams. Each beam is composed of Bessel-Gaussian ( $${{{{{{\rm{BG}}}}}}}_{{{{{{\mathcal{l}}}}}}{{=}}0,{k}_{z}}$$ BG l = 0 , k z ) modes with different $${k}_{z}$$ k z values such that a distance-varying beam width is produced, which results in a distance- and turbulence-dependent modal coupling to $${{{{{\mathcal{l}}}}}}{{{{{\mathscr{\ne }}}}}}0$$ l {{\relax \special {t4ht̂3)}\o:mathrel: {\unhbox \voidb@x \special {t4ht@+{38}{35}x2260;}x}}} 0 orders. Our simulation shows that this approach has relatively uniform and low errors (

The monitoring of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, which increase the atmospheric CO2 concentration, plays the most important role in the management of emission reduction and control. With the massive increase in satellite-based observation data related to carbon emissions, a data-driven machine learning method has great prospects for predicting anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Training samples, which are used to model predictions of anthropogenic CO2 emissions through machine learning algorithms, play a key role in obtaining accurate predictions for the spatial heterogeneity of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. We propose an approach for predicting anthropogenic CO2 emissions using the training datasets derived from the clustering of the atmospheric CO2 concentration and the segmentation of emissions to resolve the issue of the spatial heterogeneity of anthropogenic CO2 emissions in machine learning modeling. We assessed machine learning algorithms based on decision trees and gradient boosting (GBDT), including LightGBM, XGBoost, and CatBoost. We used multiple parameters related to anthropogenic CO2-emitting activities as predictor variables and emission inventory data from 2019 to 2021, and we compared and verified the accuracy and effectiveness of different prediction models based on the different sampling methods of training datasets combined with machine learning algorithms. As a result, the anthropogenic CO2 emissions predicted by CatBoost modeling from the training dataset derived from the clustering analysis and segmentation method demonstrated optimal prediction accuracy and performance for revealing anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Based on a machine learning algorithm using observation data, this approach for predicting anthropogenic CO2 emissions could help us quickly obtain up-to-date information on anthropogenic CO2 emissions as one of the emission monitoring tools.

A novel wavelength triplexer based on Channel-Shaped Multimode Interference (C-MMI) structures on the InP platform is proposed for multi-channel integration compatibility in a 50G passive optical network (PON) system. Performance analysis of the proposed device is carried out by using the 3D Beam Propagation Method (3D-BPM), which shows excellent properties with insertion loss < 0.5 dB and low crosstalk < −14 dB for the 1342 nm in the Original band (1260–1360 nm), 1490 nm in the Short wavelength band (1460–1530 nm), and 1577 nm in the Long wavelength band (1565–1625 nm), also known as the OSL wavelengths band. Furthermore, the passbands of the three downlink channels of 1342 nm, 1490 nm, and 1577 nm, reach 14 nm, 20 nm, and 64 nm, respectively, which is wide enough to meet the 50G PON optical line terminal (OLT) requirement. Additionally, the proposed device is extremely compact with a total length of only 448 μm, making it attractive in the monolithic integrated laser chip and OLT packaged module.

In view of the ecological threat posed by cyanobacteria blooms in Taihu Lake (China), this paper presents a study on the area of cyanobacteria extent based on MODIS data using the quantum particle swarm optimization–random forest (QPSO-RF) machine learning algorithm. This paper selects multiple remote sensing input indices that can represent the characteristics of the primary underlying type in Taihu Lake. The proposed method performs best, with an F1 score of 0.91–0.98. Based on this method, the spatio-temporal variation of cyanobacteria blooms in the Taihu Lake complex was analyzed. During 2010–2022, the average area of cyanobacteria blooms in Taihu Lake increased slightly. Severe-scale cyanobacteria blooms occurred in 2015–2019. Cyanobacteria blooms were normally concentrated from May to November. However, the most prolonged extended duration occurred in 2017, lasting for eight months. Spatially, cyanobacteria blooms were mainly identified in the northwestern part of Taihu Lake, with an average occurrence frequency of about 10.0%. The cyanobacteria blooms often began to grow in the northwestern part of the lake and then spread to the Center of the Lake, and also dissipated earliest in the northwestern part of the lake. Our study is also beneficial for monitoring the growth of cyanobacteria blooms in other similar large lakes in long time series.

By comparing the separation effects and applicability of Ag+-thin layer chromatography (Ag+-TLC) and column chromatography on aromatic hydrocarbons with different ring numbers in crude oil, this article aims to provide theoretical support for the quantitative analysis of aromatics and isotope analysis of monomer hydrocarbon in organic geochemical research. The results showed that Ag+-TLC can better enrich monocyclic aromatics and differentiate the monocyclic aromatics of different isomers into different components, but has a poor effect in enriching palycyclic aromatics, which may lead to severe losses and possible peak interference. Column chromatography has better separation effects on dinuclear and polycyclic aromatic compounds. Therefore, Ag+-TLC, suitable for the fine separation of monocyclic aromatics, can be used to enrich alkylbenzenes and aryl isoprenoids, and meets the detection requirements for measuring their monomer hydrocarbon isotopes; while column chromatography can effectively enrich series of compounds such as naphthalene, phenanthrene, and triaromatic steroids, and meets the requirements for detecting the separating degree of monomeric hydrocarbon isotopes.

Abstract SPHERE is a large multidisciplinary project to research and develop a sensor network to facilitate home healthcare by activity monitoring, specifically towards activities of daily living. It aims to use the latest technologies in low powered sensors, internet of things, machine learning and automated decision making to provide benefits to patients and clinicians. This dataset comprises data collected from a SPHERE sensor network deployment during a set of experiments conducted in the ‘SPHERE House’ in Bristol, UK, during 2016, including video tracking, accelerometer and environmental sensor data obtained by volunteers undertaking both scripted and non-scripted activities of daily living in a domestic residence. Trained annotators provided ground-truth labels annotating posture, ambulation, activity and location. This dataset is a valuable resource both within and outside the machine learning community, particularly in developing and evaluating algorithms for identifying activities of daily living from multi-modal sensor data in real-world environments. A subset of this dataset was released as a machine learning competition in association with the European Conference on Machine Learning (ECML-PKDD 2016).

This paper presented a real-time millimeter wave radar-based system for tracking vehicle trajectories in a wide area (continuously along a roadway with essentially no length limit in practice). The trajectory tracking results were first validated for single vehicle trajectory tracking using the Real-Time Kinematic positioning technology based on the Beidou satellite navigation systems. The validation showed that the vehicle positions were captured with a mean lateral offset of −0.284 m and a mean longitudinal offset of −0.352 m. The mean estimated speeds were found to have a difference of only −0.048 km/h from the ground truths. The trajectory tracking results were also validated through multi-object tracking using video data from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Compared with the UAV video footage, the millimeter wave-based system was found to correctly capture around 92% of the total number of vehicles. For the correctly captured vehicles, their positions were found to be within 0.99 m (about a quarter of the width of a regular traffic lane) of the ground truth. In this paper, we also would like to share openly the entire validated datasets which has been recently published online as the TJRD TS platform. Additionally, a demonstration in using the dataset to detect aggressive driving behaviors, such as speeding was presented. It is expected that the open dataset will help enable researchers and practitioners to further explore the behaviors of road users, track the dynamics of safety risks and congestion formation, and evaluate incident impacts in a more microscopic but comprehensive way.

Obtaining electroactive microbes capable of efficient extracellular electron transfer is a large undertaking for the scalability of bio-electrochemical systems. Inevitably, researchers need to pursue the co-modification of multiple genes rather than expecting that modification of a single gene would make a significant contribution to improving extracellular electron transfer rates. Base editing has enabled highly-efficient gene deactivation in model electroactive microbe Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Since multiplexed application of base editing is still limited by its low throughput procedure, we thus here develop a rapid and efficient multiplex base editing system in S. oneidensis. Four approaches to express multiple gRNAs were assessed firstly, and transcription of each gRNA cassette into a monocistronic unit was validated as a more favorable option than transcription of multiple gRNAs into a polycistronic cluster. Then, a smart scheme was designed to deliver one-pot assembly of multiple gRNAs. 3, 5, and 8 genes were deactivated using this system with editing efficiency of 83.3%, 100% and 12.5%, respectively. To offer some nonrepetitive components as alternatives genetic parts of sgRNA cassette, different promoters, handles, and terminators were screened. This multiplex base editing tool was finally adopted to simultaneously deactivate eight genes that were identified as significantly downregulated targets in transcriptome analysis of riboflavin-overproducing strain and control strain. The maximum power density of the multiplex engineered strain HRF(8BE) in microbial fuel cells was 1108.1 mW/m2, which was 21.67 times higher than that of the wild-type strain. This highly efficient multiplexed base editing tool elevates our ability of genome manipulation and combinatorial engineering in Shewanella, and may provide valuable insights in fundamental and applied research of extracellular electron transfer.

BackgroundAlthough clinically, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) are the two major types of dementia, it is unclear whether the biophotonic activities associated with cognitive impairments in these diseases share common pathological features.MethodsWe used the ultraweak biophoton imaging system (UBIS) and synaptosomes prepared by modified percoll method to directly evaluate the functional changes in synapses and neural circuits in AD and VaD model animals.ResultsWe found that biophotonic activities induced by glutamate were significantly reduced and spectral blueshifted in synaptosomes and brain slices. These changes could be partially reversed by pre-perfusion of the ifenprodil, a specific antagonist of the GluN2B subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs).ConclusionOur findings suggest that AD and VaD pathology present similar but complex changes in biophotonic activities and transmission at synapses and neural circuits, implying that communications and information processing of biophotonic signals in the brain are crucial for advanced cognitive functions.

Precise control of selectivity in nitrobenzene hydrogenation is a long-standing challenge, especially under solvent-free conditions. The PdOx is the key species for enhancing H2 dissociation and nitrobenzene conversion. Here, we report that tuning the proportion of PdOx deposited on CeO2 with regulating methods of different preparation methods, CeO2 shape-selectivity and modifying Pd particle sizes could effectively tailor the selectivity of nitrobenzene hydrogenation. With calcination temperature of 450 °C, the Pd/CeO2–4.72 nm catalyst exhibited a satisfying azoxybenzene yield of 70.4% under solvent-free conditions. This work opens a new window for the stable and effective synthesis of intermediates in organic reactions.

Abstract Fungi and bacteria afflict humans with innumerous pathogen-related infections and ailments. Most of the commonly employed microbicidal agents target commensal and pathogenic microorganisms without discrimination. To distinguish and fight the pathogenic species out of the microflora, novel antimicrobials have been developed that selectively target specific bacteria and fungi. The cell wall features and antimicrobial mechanisms that these microorganisms involved in are highlighted in the present review. This is followed by reviewing the design of antimicrobials that selectively combat a specific community of microbes including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains as well as fungi. Finally, recent advances in the antimicrobial immunomodulation strategy that enables treating microorganism infections with high specificity are reviewed. These basic tenets will enable the avid reader to design novel approaches and compounds for antibacterial and antifungal applications.

This study calibrated a refined split-window algorithm for land surface temperature (LST) retrieval based on Fengyun-2D (FY-2D) meteorological satellite. First, FY-2D land surface emissivity (LSE) was predicted from Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LSE based on sensors spectral similarities. The retrieved FY-2D LST data were validated in an arid region where the traditional split-window algorithm generally performed unsatisfactorily. Validation results show R2 (coefficient of determination) and RMSE (root mean square error) values range 0.53–0.67 and 2.86–6.21 K, respectively, against ground observed LST. Better LST retrievals were observed over vegetated regions with an RMSE value of ~2.8 K. Spatially, the FY-2D LST was highly correlated (R2 = 0.83) with and showed marginal differences (±2 K) from MODIS LST for ~40% of the whole area.

Abstract Objective Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) has been widely applied in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our study aimed to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of transradial access as an alternative to transfemoral access for TACE. Methods Patients undergoing TACE were divided into the radial artery (RA) route group or the femoral artery (FA) route group according to the operation approach, namely, transradial or transfemoral access. We retrospectively analysed the clinical characteristics, technical outcomes, clinical efficacy and incidence of adverse events to compare the two technologies for intervention for HCC. Results Transradial access was found to achieve superior technical outcomes and clinical efficacy, as the patients in the RA group had a lower rate of hepatic arterial spasm, a higher partial response rate and a lower progression rate than the patients in the FA group according to the mRECIST evaluations. In contrast, the liver function indices and VAS (visual analogue scale) pain scores were consistent across the two groups. Moreover, patients in the RA group had a shorter length of stay than those in the FA group, despite similar hospitalization expenses. The total adverse events were significantly reduced by transradial access for TACE (72.5% vs. 84.1%, P = 0.027). Conclusion Our study suggested that transradial access is an effective and feasible alternative to transfemoral access for TACE. Large-scale prospective randomized controlled studies are expected.

Metamorphosis, as a critical developmental event, controls the population dynamics of most marine invertebrates, especially some carnivorous gastropods that feed on bivalves, whose population dynamics not only affect the maintenance of the ecological balance but also impact the protection of bivalve resources; therefore, the metamorphosis of carnivorous gastropods deserve attention. Here, we investigated the mechanism underlying the response of the carnivorous gastropod Rapana venosa to its metamorphic inducer juvenile oysters through integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA profiles. According to the results, we speculated that the AMPK signaling pathway may be the critical regulator in the response to juvenile oysters in R. venosa competent larvae. The NF-kB and JAK-STAT signaling pathways that regulated apoptosis were also activated by the metamorphic inducer, which may result in the degeneration of the velum. Additionally, the significant changes in the expression of the SARP-19 precursor gene and protein cibby homolog 1-like gene may indicate that these signaling pathways also regulate growth and development during metamorphosis. This study provides further evidence that juvenile oysters can induce metamorphosis of R. venosa at the transcriptional level, which expands our understanding of the metamorphosis mechanism in carnivorous gastropods.

The authors demonstrate a multi-dimensional communication scheme that combines wavelength- and mode- multiplexing on photonic integrated circuits using foundry-compatible photonic inverse design and spectrally flattened microcombs

Influenza continues to represent a major threat to public health, and the development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that provide broad protection remains a key avenue for therapeutic development. Here, the authors demonstrate the molecular basis of neutralization for a human bnAb (PN-SIA28) against both endemic influenza A and emerging pathogens such as bat H17 and H18 viruses.

A 300-Gbit/s free-space optical communication system is demonstrated in the mid-IR wavelength region by using both wavelength- and mode-division multiplexing.