Search

Abstract Background Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common male urological disease around the world. This study aimed to evaluate global, regional, and national burden of BPH from 1990 to 2021, and to forecast the incidence and prevalence of BPH to 2035. Methods Using the data and methods of the Global Burden of Disease 2021, we presented the incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of BPH from 1990 to 2021. The trends of burden over time were assessed using estimated annual percentage changes. We applied Bayesian age-period-cohort model to forecast the incidence and prevalence of BPH to 2035. Results In 2021, the global number of incident cases, prevalent cases, and DALYs of BPH were 137.88, 1125.02, and 22.36 per 100,000 populations, respectively. From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) of BPH remained stable. The highest ASIR, ASPR, and ASDR were recorded in Eastern Europe in 2021. Nationally, China had the highest number of incident cases, prevalent cases, and DALYs of BPH. With the increase of socio-demographic index, the trends of ASIR, ASPR, and ASDR all exhibit an initial rise followed by a gradual decline. The global incidence and prevalence are expected to increase from 962.42 to 7878.68 per 100,000 populations in 2022 to 998.55 and 8620.60 per 100,000 populations in 2035, respectively. Conclusions The persistent burden of BPH continues to pose a critical public health challenge. The escalating prevalence among middle-aged and elderly populations underscores the imperative to tackle this widespread condition.

Abstract Background The burden of common urologic diseases, including benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), urinary tract infections (UTI), urolithiasis, bladder cancer, kidney cancer, and prostate cancer, varies both geographically and within specific regions. It is essential to conduct a comprehensive and precise assessment of the global burden of urologic diseases. Methods We obtained data on incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for the aforementioned urologic diseases by age, sex, location, and year from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021. We analyzed the burden associated with urologic diseases based on socio-demographic index (SDI) and attributable risk factors. The trends in burden over time were assessed using estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) along with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results In 2021, BPH and UTI were the leading causes of age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), with rates of 5531.88 and 2782.59 per 100,000 persons, respectively. Prostate cancer was the leading cause of both age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR), with rates of 12.63 and 217.83 per 100,000 persons, respectively. From 1990 to 2021, there was an upward trend in ASIR, ASPR, ASMR, and ASDR for UTI, while urolithiasis showed a downward trend. The middle and low-middle SDI quintile levels exhibited higher incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs related to UTI, urolithiasis, and BPH, while the high and high-middle SDI quintile levels showed higher rates for the three cancers. The burden of these six urologic diseases displayed diverse age and sex distribution patterns. In 2021, a high body mass index (BMI) contributed to 20.07% of kidney cancer deaths worldwide, while smoking accounted for 26.48% of bladder cancer deaths and 3.00% of prostate cancer deaths. Conclusions The global burden of 6 urologic diseases presents a significant public health challenge. Urgent international collaboration is essential to advance the improvement of urologic disease management, encompassing the development of effective diagnostic screening tools and the implementation of high-quality prevention and treatment strategies.

Abstract Objective Chronological age (CAge), biological age (BAge), and accelerated age (AAge) are all important for aging‐related diseases. CAge is a known risk factor for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); However, the evidence of association of BAge and AAge with BPH is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the association of CAge, Bage, and AAge with BPH in a large prospective cohort. Method A total of 135,933 males without BPH at enrolment were extracted from the UK biobank. We calculated three BAge measures (Klemera–Doubal method, KDM; PhenoAge; homeostatic dysregulation, HD) based on 16 biomarkers. Additionally, we calculated KDM‐BAge and PhenoAge‐BAge measures based on the Levine method. The KDM‐AAge and PhenoAge‐AAge were assessed by the difference between CAge and BAge and were standardized (mean = 0 and standard deviation [SD] = 1). Cox proportional hazard models were applied to assess the associations of CAge, Bage, and AAge with incident BPH risk. Results During a median follow‐up of 13.150 years, 11,811 (8.690%) incident BPH were identified. Advanced CAge and BAge measures were associated with an increased risk of BPH, showing threshold effects at a later age (all P for nonlinearity 2 SD) had a significantly elevated BPH risk with hazard ratio (HR) of 1.115 (95% CI, 1.000–1.223) for KDM‐AAge and 1.180 (95% CI, 1.068–1.303) for PhenoAge‐AAge, respectively. For PhenoAge‐AAge, subgroup analysis of the accelerated aging group showed an increased HR of 1.904 (95% CI, 1.374–2.639) in males with CAge

Abstract Background Bladder, kidney and prostate cancers make significant contributors to cancer burdens. Exploring their cross-country inequalities may inform equitable strategies to meet the 17 sustainable development goals before 2030. Methods We analyzed age-standardized disability-adjusted life-years (ASDALY) rates for the three cancers based on Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019. We quantified the inequalities using slope index of inequality (SII, absolute measure) and concentration index (relative measure) associated with national sociodemographic index. Results Varied ASDALY rates were observed in the three cancers across 204 regions. The SII decreased from 35.15 (95% confidence interval, CI: 29.34 to 39.17) in 1990 to 15.81 (95% CI: 7.99 to 21.79) in 2019 for bladder cancers, from 78.94 (95% CI: 75.97 to 81.31) in 1990 to 59.79 (95% CI: 55.32 to 63.83) in 2019 for kidney cancer, and from 192.27 (95% CI: 137.00 to 241.05) in 1990 to − 103.99 (95% CI: − 183.82 to 51.75) in 2019 for prostate cancer. Moreover, the concentration index changed from 12.44 (95% CI, 11.86 to 12.74) in 1990 to 15.72 (95% CI, 15.14 to 16.01) in 2019 for bladder cancer, from 33.88 (95% CI: 33.35 to 34.17) in 1990 to 31.13 (95% CI: 30.36 to 31.43) in 2019 for kidney cancer, and from 14.61 (95% CI: 13.89 to 14.84) in 1990 to 5.89 (95% CI: 5.16 to 6.26) in 2019 for prostate cancer. Notably, the males presented higher inequality than females in both bladder and kidney cancer from 1990 to 2019. Conclusions Different patterns of inequality were observed in the three cancers, necessitating tailored national cancer control strategies to mitigate disparities. Priority interventions for bladder and kidney cancer should target higher socioeconomic regions, whereas interventions for prostate cancer should prioritize the lowest socioeconomic regions. Additionally, addressing higher inequality in males requires more intensive interventions among males from higher socioeconomic regions.

Abstract Background The rising burden of thyroid cancer (TC) is a public health problem in Asia. Predicting the future burden of TC in Asian countries is essential for disease prevention. Methods Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 for five Asian countries. We applied Bayesian age‐period‐cohort models to predict morbidity and mortality to 2035 and calculated age‐standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age‐standardized mortality rate (ASMR). Furthermore, the estimated annual percentage change was calculated to evaluate the variation of ASIR and ASMR. Results By 2035, predictions suggest that cases of TC will reach 75.56 × 103 in China, 70.22 × 103 in India, 15.78 × 103 in the Republic of Korea, 9.01 × 103 in Japan and 5.55 × 103 in Thailand, respectively. Except Japan, a significant upward trend of ASIR of TC will be observed in five Asian countries. The deaths from TC will increase in five countries and India will become the highest reaching 14.07 × 103. The ASMR will rise to 0.83/100 000 in India and 1.06/100 000 in the Republic of Korea, while it will drop to 0.35/100 000 in China, 0.43/100 000 in Japan and 0.50/100 000 in Thailand. In further predictions projected by sex, the growth rate of ASIR is reported higher in males than in females among most countries. ASMR of male will exceed that of females in China and Thailand by 2035. Conclusion The disease burden caused by TC will further increase in five Asian countries, especially for men. It is necessary to develop more rational and timely disease prevention and manage strategies facing this disease trend.

Abstract Background Prostate, bladder and kidney cancers are common age-related genitourinary cancers. China's population is aging at an increasing rate, so predicting the morbidity and mortality of prostate, bladder, and kidney cancer in China is of great significance to provide epidemiological evidence for forward planning and implementation of national health policies. Methods Numbers of incidences and deaths by cancer (prostate, bladder and kidney), sex (male and female) and age groups from 1990 to 2019 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study. We applied Bayesian age-period-cohort models to predict incidences and deaths to 2030. We also calculated Age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and mortality rate (ASMR), their trends were quantified by estimated average percentage change (EAPC) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Predictions suggest that by 2030, there will be 315,310 prostate cancer cases, 192,390 bladder cancer cases and 126,980 kidney cancer cases. The ASIRs will increase to 25.54/100,000 for prostate cancer (EAPC: 2.88, 95% CI, 2.84, 2.93), 7.54/100,000 for bladder cancer (EAPC: 2.58, 95% CI, 2.54, 2.61) and 5.63/100,000 for kidney cancer (EAPC: 4.78, 95% CI, 4.54, 5.02). Number of deaths in 2030 will be 81,540, 61,220, and 41,940, respectively. Different ASMR changes are observed, the ASMR for prostate cancer will drop to 7.69/100,000 (EAPC: -0.29, 95% CI, -0.31, -0.27), the ASMR for bladder cancer will stabilize at 2.49/100,000 (EAPC: 0.00, 95% CI, -0.02, 0.03), the ASMR of kidney cancer will increase to 1.84/100,000 (EAPC: 3.45, 95% CI, 3.22, 3.67). From 1990 to 2030, higher numbers of cases and rates are reported among males and in the 60 plus age group, both ASIR and ASMR of bladder and kidney cancers presents progressively widening differences between both males and females and between the

Benign prostatic hyperplasia is the most common benign disease that causes urination dysfunction in middle-aged and elderly men, and is also the main cause of lower urinary tract symptoms. Transurethral plasmakinetic resection of prostate has been widely used in clinical practice for its good efficacy and safety. In order to further standardize the clinical application of this surgery, the National Health Commission published the initial Clinical Pathway Interpretation of Transurethral Plasmakinetic Resection of Prostate for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in 2019. In view of the limited content of this clinical pathway, using it as a blueprint, we have interpreted it and applied the ideas and methods of evidence-based medicine, aiming to provide a more detailed evidence supplement to help medical staff and managers better understand, grasp and correctly use this clinical pathway.

Bladder cancer is the tenth most frequently diagnosed cancer in the world, and is more common among men. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor is not only an important diagnostic method for bladder tumors, but also a major treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Com-pared with traditional unipolar electrotomy, plasma bipolar electrotomy has the advantages of good surgical results and fewer complications, and its clinical application is becoming more and more exten-sive. In order to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of common diseases, the National Health Commission continues to issue relevant clinical pathways; however, the content of a clinical pathway is limited, and its interpretation can help it be better disseminated and used. This interpretation is based on the latest "clinical pathway for transurethral plasma resection of bladder tumor (2019 edition)". It uses the method of evidence-based medicine to make a detailed and necessary supplementary descrip-tion of the pathway, and gives a detailed interpretation of the drug delivery scheme involved, so as to provide reference for medical staff and managers to better understand, grasp and correctly use it.

The effect of bioelectrochemical anaerobic digestion (BEAD) on the methanogenic performance of brewery wastewater at different organic loading rates (OLRs) was investigated and compared to conventional anaerobic digestion. A continuous BEAD reactor was used to treat brewery wastewater at different OLRs of 2, 4, 8, 16, and 20 g COD/L.d. The experimental results showed that the methane production was gradually increased from 0.48 L/L.d at an OLR of 2 g COD/L.d to 5.64 L/L.d at an OLR of 20 g COD/L.d. The methane production of the BEAD system was significantly higher than that of the conventional anaerobic reactor, indicating that BEAD has a better treatment effect for brewery wastewater. The performance of the conventional anaerobic reactor was significantly reduced especially at an OLR of 16 g COD/L.d, while the BEAD system could withstand a higher OLR. Bioelectrochemical systems provide a completely new platform for the anaerobic treatment of brewery wastewater and greatly improve the operation of anaerobic processes.

Abstract Background Urinary tract infections (UTI), urolithiasis, and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are three of the most common nonmalignant conditions in urology. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive and updated epidemiological data. This study aimed to investigate the disease burden of UTI, urolithiasis, and BPH in 203 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Methods Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease 2019, including incident cases, deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and corresponding age-standardized rate (ASR) from 1990 to 2019. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were calculated to evaluate the trends of ASR. The associations between disease burden and social development degrees were analyzed using a sociodemographic index (SDI). Results Compared with 1990, the incident cases of UTI, urolithiasis, and BPH increased by 60.40%, 48.57%, and 105.70% in 2019, respectively. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of UTI increased (EAPC = 0.08), while urolithiasis (EAPC = − 0.83) and BPH (EAPC = − 0.03) decreased from 1990 to 2019. In 2019, the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of UTI and urolithiasis were 3.13/100,000 and 0.17/100,000, respectively. BPH had the largest increase (110.56%) in DALYs in the past three decades, followed by UTI (68.89%) and urolithiasis (16.95%). The burden of UTI was mainly concentrated in South Asia and Tropical Latin America, while the burden of urolithiasis and BPH was recorded in Asia and Eastern Europe. Moreover, the ASIR and SDI of urolithiasis in high-SDI regions from 1990 to 2019 were negatively correlated, while the opposite trend was seen in low-SDI regions. In 2019, the ASIR of UTI in females was 3.59 times that of males, while the ASIR of urolithiasis in males was 1.96 times higher than that in females. The incidence was highest in the 30–34, 55–59, and 65–69 age groups among the UTI, urolithiasis, and BPH groups, respectively. Conclusion Over the past three decades, the disease burden has increased for UTI but decreased for urolithiasis and BPH. The allocation of medical resources should be based more on the epidemiological characteristics and geographical distribution of diseases.

Abstract Background The burden of kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers has changed in recent decades. This study aims to investigate the global and regional burden of, and attributable risk factors for genitourinary cancers during the past 30 years. Methods We extracted data of kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 database, including incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were calculated to assess the changes in age-standardized incidence rate, age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR). The associations between cancers burden and socio-demographic index (SDI) were also analyzed. Results Compared with 1990, the global incident cases in 2019 were higher by 154.78%, 123.34%, and 169.11% for kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers, respectively. During the 30-year study period, there was a downward trend in ASMR and ASDR for bladder cancer (EAPC = − 0.68 and − 0.83, respectively) and prostate cancer (EAPC = − 0.75 and − 0.71, respectively), but an upward trend for kidney cancer (EAPC = 0.35 and 0.12, respectively). Regions and countries with higher SDI had higher incidence, mortality, and DALYs for all three types of cancers. The burden of bladder and prostate cancers was mainly distributed among older men, whereas the burden of kidney cancer increased among middle-aged men. Smoking related mortality and DALYs decreased, but high body mass index (BMI) and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) related mortality and DALYs increased among kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers during the study period. Conclusions Kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers remain major global public health challenges, but with distinct trend for different disease entity across different regions and socioeconomic status. More proactive intervention strategies, at both the administrative and academic levels, based on the dynamic changes, are needed.

Abstract Background To investigate the burden of thyroid cancer and its attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories during 30 years. Methods We extracted data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database, including incidence, mortality, disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALYs), and the attributable risk factors of thyroid cancer from 1990 to 2019. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were calculated to assess the changes in age‐standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age‐standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age‐standardized DALYs rate (ASDR). We also examined the associations between cancer burden and the sociodemographic index (SDI). Results The global new cases, death, and DALYs of thyroid cancer in 2019 were 233 847 (95% UI: 211 637–252 807), 45 576 (95% UI: 41 290‐48 775), and 1 231 841 (95% UI: 1 113 585–1 327 064), respectively. From 1990 to 2019, the ASIR of thyroid cancer showed an upward trend (EAPC = 1.25), but ASMR (EAPC = −0.15) and ASDR (EAPC = −0.14) decreased. The burden of thyroid cancer varied at regional and national levels, but the association between ASIR and SDI was positive. We found that the burden of thyroid cancer was mainly concentrated in females and that the age of onset tended to be younger. The proportion of DALYs from thyroid cancer attributable to high body‐mass index was higher in high SDI regions, especially in males. Conclusions The global incidence of thyroid cancer has continued to increase in the past three decades. The high body‐mass index as an important risk factor for thyroid cancer deserves greater attention, especially in high SDI regions.

Objective To compare and analyze the disease burden of gastro-intestinal diseases in China between 1990 and 2017. Methods The Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 was searched for the following indicators: morbidity, mortality, disability adjusted life years (DALY), year of life lost (YLL), and years lived with disability (YLD) which were then analyzed. The gastrointestinal disease burden characteristics of people of different genders and ages were explored. Results Between 1990 and 2017, the incidence of 8 gastrointestinal diseases increased. The top three standardized DALY were malignant gastrointestinal tumors: comprising gastric cancer (391.66 per 100,000), esophageal cancer (222.58 per 100,000) and colorectal cancer (216.19 per 100,000). The only increase in standardized mortality was for colorectal cancer which increased by 8.20%, from 9.33 per 100,000 to 10.10 per 100,000. The burden of disease increases with age. Compared with females, males have lower incidence of gastrointestinal diseases, but mortality and DALY rates are higher. Conclusion The burden of disease caused by malignant gastrointestinal tumors accounts for the main burden of gastrointestinal diseases in China, and men are higher than women. Malignant tumors such as colorectal cancer are the focus of prevention and control measures for gastrointestinal diseases.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transurethral plasmakinetic prostatectomy (TUPKP) versus transurethral plasmakinetic enucleation of prostate (TUPEP) in treating benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).Methods PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, CBM database and Wanfang database were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials from January 1st, 2018until September 15, 2021, and references were manually searched. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening, data extraction and quality evaluation. Stata13.0 software was used for Meta-analysis.Results A total of 30 studies were included, reporting on 3,218 BPH patients, of whom 1,626 received TUPKP and 1,592 received TUPEP. Meta-analysis of results show that: for effectiveness, when treating a normal volume (

Objective: To investigate the burden of untreated dental caries in 204 countries and territories over 30 years. Methods: Data of untreated dental caries from 1990 to 2019, including the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability, were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 database. Estimated annual percentage changes were calculated to assess the changes in the age-standardized incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability rates. Results: Globally, in 2019, there were 3.09 billion (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 2.76–3.39 billion) new cases of untreated dental caries in permanent teeth (48.00% increase), 2.03 billion (1.77–2.33) prevalent cases (46.07% increase), and 2.00 million (0.93–3.88) YLDs (45.64% increase), all since 1990. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of untreated dental caries in permanent teeth showed an upward trend (estimated annual percentage changes [EAPC] = 0.01), but age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) (EAPC = −0.13) and age-standardized YLD rate (ASYR) (EAPC = −0.13) decreased. There were 1.15 billion (0.79–1.52) new cases of untreated dental caries in deciduous teeth (11.74% increase), 0.52 billion (0.41–0.63) prevalent cases (5.89% increase), and 0.20 million (0.09–0.43) YLDs (6.03% increase), all since 1990. From 1990 to 2019, the ASIR of untreated dental caries in permanent teeth showed a stable trend (EAPC = 0), but the ASPR (EAPC = −0.15) and ASYR (EAPC = −0.14) decreased. The incidence of untreated dental caries peaked at the ages of 5–9 and 20–24 years, and the prevalence and years lived with disability at 1–4, 20–24, and 60–64 years. Conclusion: Untreated dental caries remains a major global public health challenge, but demographic, sex, and regional differences in trends remain. Proactive intervention strategies, at both administrative and academic levels, based on dynamic changes, are needed.

Without the.

Objective To analyze the trend of disease burden of bladder cancer in China from 1990 to 2017.Methods Data were obtained from the results of Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (GBD 2017). Bladder cancer incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life year (DALY), years of life lost (YLL), and years lived with disability (YLD) were used to describe the changes of disease burden of bladder cancer in Chinese population between 1990 and 2017. The incidence, mortality, DALY rate, YLL rate, and YLD rate were standardized by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) global standard population in 2017.Results In 2017, the number of new cases of bladder cancer in China was 73,000 with the standardized incidence rate of 3.89/100,000 and the number of deaths was 30,600 with the standardized mortality rate of 1.75/100,000. Compared to 1990, the number of new cases increased by 164.49% accompanying with the increased incidence rate by 15.09% and the number of deaths increased by 92.45% but accompanying with the decreased standardized mortality rate by 23.58%. Furthermore, male’s incidence and mortality were higher than that of female and showed an upward trend with aging. Compared to 1990, the standardized DALY rate and standardized YLL rate of bladder cancer in China in 2017 decreased by 26.35% and 28.59%, respectively, and the standardized YLD rate increased by 28.83%. From 1990 to 2017, the DALY rate of bladder cancer in China showed a downward trend, but the DALY rate of male was still higher than that of female.Conclusions From 1990 to 2017, the standardized incidence rate of bladder cancer in China continued to rise, and the standardized mortality rate showed a downward trend. Male and elder population was the high-risk population for bladder cancer.

Abstract The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting more than seventeen million people around the world. Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for clinicians caring for patients are needed. In the early stage, we have issued “A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)”; now there are many direct evidences emerged and may change some of previous recommendations and it is ripe for develop an evidence-based guideline. We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists. The steering group members proposed 29 questions that are relevant to the management of COVID-19 covering the following areas: chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management. We searched the literature for direct evidence on the management of COVID-19, and assessed its certainty generated recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of ungraded consensus-based statement. Finally, we issued 34 statements. Among them, 6 were strong recommendations for, 14 were weak recommendations for, 3 were weak recommendations against and 11 were ungraded consensus-based statement. They covered topics of chemoprophylaxis (including agents and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) agents), diagnosis (including clinical manifestations, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respiratory tract specimens, IgM and IgG antibody tests, chest computed tomography, chest x-ray, and CT features of asymptomatic infections), treatments (including lopinavir-ritonavir, umifenovir, favipiravir, interferon, remdesivir, combination of antiviral drugs, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, interleukin-6 inhibitors, interleukin-1 inhibitors, glucocorticoid, qingfei paidu decoction, lianhua qingwen granules/capsules, convalescent plasma, lung transplantation, invasive or noninvasive ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)), and discharge management (including discharge criteria and management plan in patients whose RT-PCR retesting shows SARS-CoV-2 positive after discharge). We also created two figures of these recommendations for the implementation purpose. We hope these recommendations can help support healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients.

Objective To formulate the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) nosocomial infection research and analysis tools.Methods Based on the questionnaire for infection process and prevention of 2019-nCoV infection in medical staffs, we developed the new questionnaire by means of three procedures including refining the purpose of the questionnaire, establishing the item pool, and evaluating the content validity of the questionnaire.Results We formulated three questionnaires for 2019-nCoV releated nosocomial infection including questionnaires for staff in administrative and logistics departments, the non-infected health care staff, and non-infected staff in administrative and logistics departments. The content of the questionnaires were consistent with the research objectives. The questionnaire for COVID-19 among staff in administrative and logistics departments included two aspects of investigation before and after diagnosis, "before diagnosis" involved infection cause, plan of prevention and control, knowledge of prevention and control, and psychological symptoms, there were 16 items in total; "after diagnosis" included 5 parts, including symptoms after diagnosis, treatment after diagnosis, impact on the surrounding environment and people after infection, psychology symptoms, awareness of protection, there were 21 items in total. The questionnaire for COVID-19 among non-infected health care staff included analysis of causes of infection in work and life, relevant prevention and control behaviors, infection prevention and control knowledge and psychological response to the epidemic, there were 29 items in total; the questionnaire for COVID-19 among non-infected staff in administrative and logistics departments included same aspects as questionnaire for COVID-19 among non-infected health care staff, and also 20 items.Conclusions We developed questionnaires for 2019-nCoV releated nosocomial infection including a study on infection processes and prevention measures for COVID-19 among staff in administrative and logistics departments, a study on infection processes and prevention measures for COVID-19 among non-infected healthcare staff, and a study on infection processes and prevention measures for COVID-19 among non-infected staff in administrative and logistics departments. The reliability, validity, and practicability of these questionnaires are all acceptable.

This is the protocol of updated our previously guideline named “A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)”. This protocol included guideline methodology, target users, target population, conflict of interest policy, evidence searching, review and assessment, grading of evidence and recommendations development of recommendations, and updating plan. We also attached three appendices for readers: list of clinical questions, searching strategies, survey questionnaire of conflict of interest.

Abstract Background Prostate cancer stem-like cells (PCSCs) likely participate in tumor progression and recurrence and demonstrate resistance to chemotherapy. The Notch pathway plays a role in the maintenance of the stemness in PCSCs. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Notch signaling inhibition as an adjuvant to docetaxel (DOX) in PCSCs. Methods PCSCs derived from the PC-3 cell line were examined for Notch-1 expression. The effect of Notch inhibition on response to DOX was evaluated in PCSCs in vitro and in murine models using a γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI), PF-03084014. Impacts on cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and sphere formation were evaluated. Results PC-3 PCSCs expressed elevated Notch-1 mRNA compared with PC-3 parental cells. The combination of GSI with DOX promoted DOX-induced cell growth inhibition, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and sphere formation in PCSCs. In nude mice bearing PC-3 PCSC-derived tumors, the combination of GSI and DOX reduced the tumor growth, which was associated with the decreased Notch-1 expression in tumor tissues. Conclusions These results reveal that inhibition of the Notch pathway enhances the anti-tumor effect of DOX in PC-3 PCSCs, and suggest that Notch inhibition may have clinical benefits in targeting PCSCs.

Abstract Background Many healthcare workers were infected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) early in the epidemic posing a big challenge for epidemic control. Hence, this study aims to explore perceived infection routes, influencing factors, psychosocial changes, and management procedures for COVID-19 infected healthcare workers. Methods This is a cross-sectional, single hospital-based study. We recruited all 105 confirmed COVID-19 healthcare workers in the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from February 15 to 29, 2020. All participants completed a validated questionnaire. Electronic consent was obtained from all participants. Perceived causes of infection, infection prevention, control knowledge and behaviour, psychological changes, symptoms and treatment were measured. Results Finally, 103 professional staff with COVID-19 finished the questionnaire and was included (response rate: 98.1%). Of them, 87 cases (84.5%) thought they were infected in working environment in hospital, one (1.0%) thought their infection was due to the laboratory environment, and 5 (4.9%) thought they were infected in daily life or community environment. Swab of throat collection and physical examination were the procedures perceived as most likely causing their infection by nurses and doctors respectively. Forty-three (41.8%) thought their infection was related to protective equipment, utilization of common equipment (masks and gloves). The top three first symptoms displayed before diagnosis were fever (41.8%), lethargy (33.0%) and muscle aches (30.1%). After diagnosis, 88.3% staff experienced psychological stress or emotional changes during their isolation period, only 11.7% had almost no emotional changes. Arbidol (Umifenovir; an anti-influza drug; 69.2%) was the drug most commonly used to target infection in mild and moderate symptoms. Conclusion The main perceived mode of transmission was not maintaining protection when working at a close distance and having intimate contact with infected cases. Positive psychological intervention is necessary.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of novel coronavirus pneu-monia in Henan Province, and provide evidence support for the prevention and control of novel corona-virus pneumonia.Methods Collected information on cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia from the Health Commission of Henan Province or other official media, and used descriptive statistical methods to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the occurrence and development of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Henan Province.Results As of February 7, 2020, the cumulative number of confirmed cases in Henan Province was 981, with a total of 20 928 close contacts and a total of 10 187 medical ob-servers. The patient's age was mainly concentrated in 19 to 60 years old, accounting for about 81.75%. The proportion of men with novel coronavirus pneumonia was slightly higher than that of women (54.09% vs. 44.58%). Fever is the main symptom of the novel coronavirus pneumonia, and nearly half of the patients are diagnosed within 3 days. 56.31% of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia have a history of trav-elling in Wuhan, 24.23% and 8.63% of patients have a history of contact with a confirmed case and a his-tory of contact with a suspected case, and only 14.93% of patients received isolation observation before onset. Before diagnosis, 39.38% of patients did not see a doctor or had only one visit, and 57.74% of pa-tients lived in urban areas.Conclusion The majority of cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Henan Province are imported cases. The movement of people during the Spring Festival is the main factor af-fecting the development of the epidemic. The implementation of strict isolation policies can effectively control the development of the epidemic.

ObjectiveLimited attention has been paid to abnormal blood and urine test results for patients with bladder cancer. The present study aimed to identify whether blood and urine parameters are associated with bladder cancer.MethodsWe used a case–control design and matched each patient with bladder cancer with three healthy controls of the same age and sex. Univariate conditional logistic regression was used to calculate the crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR) and its 95% CI. Multivariate conditional logistic regression was performed for confounders adjustment, and Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between tumor T stages and urine parameters.ResultsPatients with bladder cancer (n = 360) and controls (n = 1050) were recruited. In the univariate conditional logistic analysis, higher urine pH was associated with a decreased risk of bladder cancer (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.57–0.78), while higher values of urine protein (OR = 4.55, 95% CI = 3.36–6.15), urine glucose (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.18–2.05), and urine occult blood (OR = 4.27, 95% CI = 3.44–5.29) were associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer. After adjustment for body mass index, fasting blood glucose, hypertension, red blood cells, white blood cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and platelets, significance still remained for urine pH (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.53–0.88), urine protein (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.21–3.19), urine glucose (OR = 2.61, 95% CI = 1.39–4.89), and urine occult blood (OR = 3.54, 95% CI = 2.73–4.58).ConclusionThis study indicated that lower urine pH and higher values of urine protein, urine glucose, and urine occult blood might be risk factors for bladder cancer.

Due to the complex dynamic interactions of the vehicle-track system in the turnout of high-speed railway stations on a ballasted track, the geometric position of the line changes rapidly. In order to improve the stability of the line, the ballasted track in the turnout area of the stations can be replaced by a ballastless track. Based on the engineering background of laying ballastless track in the turnout area of Zhonglan’s high-speed railway station, this paper studies the subgrade reinforcement scheme, subgrade settlement prediction, and ballasted-ballastless track transition section setting. The result shows that, in order to meet the requirements of laying ballastless track in the turnout area, a reinforcement scheme of subgrade impact rolling, surcharge preloading, and closed water isolation on the subgrade surface is proposed. Based on the commonness and individuality of the grey Verhulst, hyperbola, and Deng Yinger prediction model, this paper optimizes the combination of the three models. The sum of squares of the minimum errors of the combined model is used as the objective function to solve the optimal weighting coefficient, and in this way the combined prediction model is constructed. Through the prediction comparison, we found that the accuracy of the three-model combination prediction model is better than any single- or two-model combination, and its adaptability and reliability are stronger and more reliable. This dynamic analysis model of vehicle tracks was established to carry out the dynamic response analysis under the conditions of fastener stiffness grading transition and ballast glue grading curing ballast bed transition. The results show that the dynamic response indexes under the two transition modes meet the requirements for the smooth running of trains. Due to the convenience of fastener stiffness transition construction and easier replacement, this measure is recommended.

Without the.

Abstract In December 2019, a new type viral pneumonia cases occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province; and then named “2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)” by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 12 January 2020. For it is a never been experienced respiratory disease before and with infection ability widely and quickly, it attracted the world’s attention but without treatment and control manual. For the request from frontline clinicians and public health professionals of 2019-nCoV infected pneumonia management, an evidence-based guideline urgently needs to be developed. Therefore, we drafted this guideline according to the rapid advice guidelines methodology and general rules of WHO guideline development; we also added the first-hand management data of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. This guideline includes the guideline methodology, epidemiological characteristics, disease screening and population prevention, diagnosis, treatment and control (including traditional Chinese Medicine), nosocomial infection prevention and control, and disease nursing of the 2019-nCoV. Moreover, we also provide a whole process of a successful treatment case of the severe 2019-nCoV infected pneumonia and experience and lessons of hospital rescue for 2019-nCoV infections. This rapid advice guideline is suitable for the first frontline doctors and nurses, managers of hospitals and healthcare sections, community residents, public health persons, relevant researchers, and all person who are interested in the 2019-nCoV.

Abstract Background Surgery is the only way to cure gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC), and chemotherapy is the basic adjuvant management for GAC. A significant prognostic nomogram for predicting the respective disease-specific survival (DSS) rates of GAC patients who receive surgery and chemotherapy has not been established. Objective We were planning to establish a survival nomogram model for GAC patients who receive surgery and chemotherapy. Methods We identified 5764 GAC patients who had received surgery and chemotherapy from the record of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. About 70% (n = 4034) of the chosen GAC patients were randomly assigned to the training set, and the rest of the included ones (n = 1729) were assigned to the external validation set. A prognostic nomogram was constructed by the training set and the predictive accuracy of it was validated by the validation set. Results Based on the outcome of a multivariate analysis of candidate factors, a nomogram was developed that encompassed age at diagnosis, number of regional lymph nodes examined after surgery, number of positive regional lymph nodes, sex, race, grade, derived AJCC stage, summary stage, and radiotherapy status. The C-index (Harrell’s concordance index) of the nomogram model was some larger than that of the traditional seventh AJCC staging system (0.707 vs 0.661). Calibration plots of the constructed nomogram displayed that the probability of DSS commendably accord with the survival rate. Integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) revealed obvious increase and categorical net reclassification improvement (NRI) showed visible enhancement. IDI for 3-, 5- and 10- year DSS were 0.058, 0.059 and 0.058, respectively (P > 0.05), and NRI for 3-, 5- and 10- year DSS were 0.380 (95% CI = 0.316–0.470), 0.407 (95% CI = 0.350–0.505), and 0.413 (95% CI = 0.336–0.519), respectively. Decision curve analysis (DCA) proved that the constructed nomogram was preferable to the AJCC staging system. Conclusion The constructed nomogram supplies more credible DSS predictions for GAC patients who receive surgery and chemotherapy in the general population. According to validation, the new nomogram will be beneficial in facilitating individualized survival predictions and useful when performing clinical decision-making for GAC patients who receive surgery and chemotherapy.

We, the Editors and Publisher of the journal Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, have retracted the following article:Chaoyang Wang, Hao Zi, Yang Wang, Binghui Li, Zheng Ge & Xuequn Ren (2020) LncRNA CASC15 promotes tumour progression through SOX4/Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 48:1 763–769, DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1576713It has come to our attention that the full authorship list and affiliations for this manuscript were changed after the article was accepted. We have contacted the corresponding author for an explanation, but we have not received a satisfactory explanation. As determining authorship is core to the integrity of published work, we are therefore retracting the article. The corresponding author listed in this publication has been informed.We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions.The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as ‘Retracted’.

Abstract Background Both periodontal disease and benign prostatic hyperplasia are age-related diseases that affect millions of people worldwide. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the association between periodontal disease and the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods A total of 4930 participants were selected from an available health examination that was carried out in 2017, only males were considered for further analysis. All eligible males were divided into benign prostatic hyperplasia and normal groups, the benign prostatic hyperplasia group was then divided into prostate volume ≤ 60 g and > 60 g subgroups; all their periodontal status was extracted and then into normal (CPI score of 0), periodontal disease (CPI score between 1 and 4), and periodontitis (CPI score between 3 and 4) groups. The correlation between periodontal disease and benign prostatic hyperplasia was investigated using logistic regression analyses and greedy matching case-control analysis. Subgroup analysis based on prostate volume was also performed. All analyses were conducted with SAS 9.4 software. Results A total of 2171 males were selected for this analysis. The presence of periodontal disease significantly increased the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia by 1.68 times (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.26–2.24), and individuals with periodontitis showed a higher risk (OR = 4.18, 95% CI: 2.75–6.35). In addition, among matched cases and controls, this association remained robust (periodontal disease: OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.30–2.64; periodontitis: OR = 4.83, 95% CI: 2.57–9.07). Subgroup analysis revealed that periodontal disease significantly increased benign prostate hyperplasia risk as well (for prostate volume ≤ 60 g: OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.22–2.20; for volume > 60 g: OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.04–4.53), and there was a higher risk in the group with a prostate volume greater than 60 g. Conclusion Periodontal disease is significantly and positively associated with an increased risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Further validation studies should be performed to explore the relationship between periodontal treatment and benign prostate hyperplasia.

On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of the current measuring technology of worm wheel and worm， a non-contact measurement based on laser displacement sensor and corresponding calculation method of tooth profile and pitch deviation were put forward. A comprehensive measuring device for worm wheel and worm is built to realize the collection of non-contact data. Through the comparison and analysis of the ideal tooth profile model of the worm and worm and the smoothing curve of the fitting point， the deviation of tooth profile and pitch are obtained. Through this method， the measuring process of worm wheel and worm can be effectively simplified and the accuracy and efficiency of measurement can be improved.

A new type of Continuously Variable Transmission （CVT） with surface-contact friction transmission structure is presented， which is a discrete adjustable radius CVT. The relationship between the size parameters of the discrete adjustable radius pulley transmission structure and the transmission ratio is analyzed. The calculation formula of the critical friction force of the discrete adjustable radius pulley transmission is derived. It is verified that the discrete adjustable radius pulley has large torque transmission capability in theory. In addition， the rotational speed fluctuation analysis based on ADAMS is carried out， and the experimental device of the discrete adjustable radius CVT is built and tested. The results show that the speed fluctuation meets the transmission requirements of most equipments. The new discrete adjustable radius CVT has great development value， which has the characteristics of compact structure and reasonable design.

Background: The morbidity and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are still increasing. This study aimed to assess the quality of relevant COVID-19 clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and to compare the similarities and differences between recommendations.Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted using electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) and representative guidelines repositories from December 1, 2019, to August 11, 2020 (updated to April 5, 2021), to obtain eligible CPGs. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) tool was used to evaluate the quality of CPGs. Four authors extracted relevant information and completed data extraction forms. All data were analyzed using R version 3.6.0 software.Results: In total, 39 CPGs were identified and the quality was not encouragingly high. The median score (interquartile range, IQR) of every domain from AGREE II for evidence-based CPGs (EB-CPGs) versus (vs.) consensus-based CPG (CB-CPGs) was 81.94% (75.00–84.72) vs. 58.33% (52.78–68.06) in scope and purpose, 59.72% (38.89–75.00) vs. 36.11% (33.33–36.11) in stakeholder involvement, 64.58% (32.29–71.88) vs. 22.92% (16.67–26.56) in rigor of development, 75.00% (52.78–86.81) vs. 52.78% (50.00–63.89) in clarity of presentation, 40.63% (22.40–62.50) vs. 20.83% (13.54–25.00) in applicability, and 58.33% (50.00–100.00) vs. 50.00% (50.00–77.08) in editorial independence, respectively. The methodological quality of EB-CPGs were significantly superior to the CB-CPGs in the majority of domains (P < 0.05). There was no agreement on diagnosis criteria of COVID-19. But a few guidelines show Remdesivir may be beneficial for the patients, hydroxychloroquine +/– azithromycin may not, and there were more consistent suggestions regarding discharge management. For instance, after discharge, isolation management and health status monitoring may be continued.Conclusions: In general, the methodological quality of EB-CPGs is greater than CB-CPGs. However, it is still required to be further improved. Besides, the consistency of COVID-19 recommendations on topics such as diagnosis criteria is different. Of them, hydroxychloroquine +/– azithromycin may be not beneficial to treat patients with COVID-19, but remdesivir may be a favorable risk-benefit in severe COVID-19 infection; isolation management and health status monitoring after discharge may be still necessary. Chemoprophylaxis, including SARS-CoV 2 vaccines and antiviral drugs of COVID-19, still require more trials to confirm this.

Background: The frequent emergence of the re-positive patients with COVID-19 is a potential threat worldwide. This study aimed to describe data from admission to follow-up for patients with COVID-19 and analyze the possible causes for re-positive nucleic acid tests to provide more scientific basis for reducing the numbers of re-positive patients after discharge.Methods: We retrospectively recorded 15 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Xianyang Central Hospital, China. The baseline, exposure histories, clinical syndromes, laboratory characteristics, nucleic acid, and follow-up tests were analyzed, and the radiological characteristics of re-positive patient at different periods were compared.Results: Eight (53.33%) patients had the history of travel to Wuhan, four (26.67%) patients had close contact with confirmed patients, and one (6.67%) patient had close contact with suspected patients. After treatment, all patients had two consecutively negative nucleic acid tests and were discharged from hospital. All patients were followed up for more than 14 days, and the average time from discharge to the first follow-up was 14.67 ± 3.31 days (from 9 to 22 days). Most patients showed no clinical symptoms and negative nucleic acid tests, while one patient had an itchy throat, her CT scan showed a light density shadow in the right lower lobe of the lung, and the nucleic acid was once again positive. The second follow-up of the other 14 patients (except the re-positive one) was conducted 20.80 ± 7.78 days (from 13 to 30 days) after discharge, and all of them had negative nucleic acid tests. The positive patient was immediately readmitted and received a new round of treatment. Her family members and colleagues remained healthy until now.Conclusions: The quality of nucleic acid testing reagents should be enhanced, and the training of nucleic acid sampling operators should be strengthened to reduce the false-negative results in the nucleic acid of SARS-CoV-2; the clinical specimens of throat and nasopharynx swabs can be collected at the same time; IgM- and IgG-specific antibodies of SARS-CoV-2 should be carried out for discharged patients; the radiological characteristics should be evaluated strictly; and the discharge standard can be specified according to the baseline and severity of disease of patients.

Objectives: Patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can present with gastrointestinal symptoms as their initial symptoms or as the main manifestations during disease progression, but the clinical characteristics of these patients are still unknown.Methods: We identified COVID-19 patients who admitted to Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital and presented with gastrointestinal symptoms as their initial or main symptoms. Their medical records were reviewed by two independent clinical scientists. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics as well as the clinical outcomes were analyzed.Results: Among 142 confirmed COVID-19 cases, 7 (4.9%) of them presented with gastrointestinal symptoms. Three patients had gastrointestinal symptoms as the initial symptoms and chief complaints, and 4 patients as the main symptoms during disease progression. Six patients had symptoms of diarrhea (3–16 days), 7 with anorexia (7–22 days), 6 with upper abdominal discomfort (1–7 days), and 4 with nausea (1–7 days), 1 with heartburn lasting 2 days, and 2 with vomiting symptoms (1 day). The chest CT scan showed typical COVID-19 imaging features, and associated with the progression of the disease. During treatment, 2 patients died due to organ failure.Discussion: COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms are relatively rare and might be misdiagnosed. The clinical features include watery stools, anorexia, and upper abdominal discomfort. These patients may have severe disease and be associated with a poor prognosis. The underlying mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 related gastrointestinal symptoms need to clarify in future studies.

Objective: To evaluate the hemostasis and coagulation effect of Hemocoagulase Bothrops Atrox in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients undergoing transurethral bipolar plasmakinetic prostatectomy (TUPKP).Methods: This study adopted a multicenter, prospective, and real world design. BPH patients undergoing TUPKP were divided into two groups according to whether they adopted Hemocoagulase Bothrops Atrox (group B) or not (group A) during perioperative period. The electronic clinical data on every included subject, including the international prostate symptom score (IPSS) and the quality of life scale (QoL), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), complete blood count, coagulation screening test and adverse events, were measured and compared between the two groups.Results: Finally, 695 patients, 443 in group A and 252 in group B were included. Baseline characteristics showed no significant difference between two groups. In group A, compared with baseline, IPSS decreased 15.66 (95% CI = −16.45 to −14.87), QoL decreased 3.08 (95% CI = −3.30 to −2.87), prothrombin time prolonged 1.02 s (95% CI = 0.56 to 1.48), while white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and hemoglobin also significantly changed; white blood cells, neutrophils and platelets increased, while lymphocytes decreased by 0.14×109/L (95% CI = −0.21 to −0.08) before discharge. In group B, compared with baseline, IPSS decreased 16.12 (95% CI = −17.02 to −15.21), QoL decreased 3.32 (95% CI = −3.56 to −3.07), and white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and hemoglobin were also significantly changed, along with white blood cells and lymphocytes that tested before discharge (p < 0.01); however, prothrombin time was not significant prolonged (MD= 0.48, 95% CI = −0.05 to 1.01). When compared with group A and group B, the average hospitalization time in group A was longer than group B (p < 0.01), transfusion risk was similar in the two groups (OR = 1.582, 95% CI = 0.552 to 4.538). Parameters had no substantial difference between the two subgroups whether prostate volume was more than 80 mL or not.Conclusion: Our study indicated that Hemocoagulase Bothrops Atrox can shorten the prothrombin time, hospitalization time and is probably safe among BPH patients undergoing TUPKP, exhibiting fine hemostasis and coagulation efficacy, and would not be influenced by prostate volume.

The objective of this study was to evaluate association between body mass index (BMI) and prostate volume (PV), international prostate symptom scores (IPSS), maximum urinary flow rate ( Q max ), and post-void residual (PVR) of Chinese benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients. All newly diagnosed BPH patients between September 2016 and August 2018 were selected and 788 patients were included. According to BMI, the patients were categorized into four groups, while according to PV, IPSS, Q max , and PVR, they were categorized into two groups based on clinical significant cutoffs. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions and a restricted cubic spline (RCS) were applied to explore the relationship of BMI with categorical PV, IPSS, Q max , and PVR. Compared with normal BMI, obesity presented significant association with increased risk of larger PV (>80 ml) in both unadjusted and adjusted models (unadjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.772, 95% CI [1.201, 2.614], p = .004; adjusted OR = 1.912, 95% CI [1.212, 3.017], p = .005); however, underweight or overweight did not present a significant connection with such risk. No significant effect was identified for BMI on IPSS, Q max , or PVR in either unadjusted or adjusted model. Nonlinear test including BMI using RCS and adjusting for confounders showed no significance ( p > .05); however, a significant linear relationship was ascertained between BMI and the risk of larger PV ( p < .001). In conclusion, there was a significant linear association between BMI and the risk of larger PV in BPH patients. Hence, this suggests urologists should consider both BMI and PV when providing surgical treatment for BPH patients.

The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) IRAIN has been verified to have key roles in tumor biology. The aim of this study was to explore its expression and biological functions in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells.

This study evaluated the global burden of thyroid cancer (TC) from 1990 to 2021, analyzing its association with sociodemographic factors, sex, age, risk factors and future projections. Using 2021 global burden of disease data, we analyzed TC incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across populations. Risk factors were assessed, and future trends were forecasted using the Bayesian age-period-cohort model. In 2021, global TC incidence was 249,538 cases (age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR): 2.91 per 100,000). Mortality reached 44,799 cases, with a slight decrease in the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR). DALYs increased by 92.73%, though the age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) declined. East Asia had the highest incidence, while South Asia led in mortality and DALYs. TC burden showed a strong negative correlation with socioeconomic development, especially in high- and medium-sociodemographic index countries. High body mass index (BMI) contributed significantly to DALYs and mortality, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa. Population growth emerged as the key driver of the rising global TC burden. Projections suggest ASIR will increase by 2050, while ASMR and ASDR will decline. Global TC incidence has risen markedly, particularly among males, while mortality and DALYs have decreased due to improved healthcare. High BMI increasingly contributes to the TC burden. Projections highlight a continued rise in incidence but declining mortality and DALYs, reflecting advancements in treatment and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]