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Triple structural factors, including sophorose affinity to envelope, hydrophobic association with membrane and electrostatic attraction, have contributed to enhanced antibacterial photodynamic therapy of sophorolipid conjugated toluidine blue.

Nano drug delivery systems have attracted researchers' growing attention and are gradually emerging into the public views. More and more nano-formulations are being approved for marketing or clinical use, representing the field's booming development. Copolymer self-assembly systems such as micelles, nanoparticles, polymersomes occupy a prominent position in the field of nano-drug delivery carriers. Among them, polymersomes, unlike micelles or nanoparticles, resemble liposomes' structure and possess large internal hollow hydrophilic reservoirs, allowing them to carry hydrophilic drugs. Nevertheless, their insufficient drug loading efficiency and unruly self-assembly morphology have somewhat constrained their applications. Especially for the delivery of biomacromolecule such as peptides, the encapsulation efficiency is always considered to be a formidable obstacle, even if the enormous hydrophilic core would render the polymersomes to have considerable potential in this regard. Reassuringly, the emergence of asymmetric polymersomes holds the prospect of solving this problem. With the development of synthetic technology and a deeper understanding of the self-assembly process, the asymmetric polymersomes which are with different inner and outer shell composition have been gradually recognized by researchers. It has made possible elevated drug loading, more controllable assembly processes and release performance. The internal hydrophilic blocks different from the outer shell could be engineered to have a more remarkable affinity to the cargos or could contain a non-watery aqueous phase to enable the thermodynamically preferred encapsulation of cargos, which would allow for a substantial improvement in drug encapsulation efficiency compared to the conventional approach. In this paper, we aim to deepen the understanding to asymmetric polymersomes and lay the foundation for the development of this field by describing four main elements: the mechanism of their preparation and asymmetric membrane formation process, the characterization of asymmetric membranes, the efficient drug loading, and the special stimulus-responsive release mechanism.

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In recent years, the oral administration of vinorelbine has gradually replaced intravenous administration in the treatment of several types of tumors. Even though the risk of phlebitis is avoided with oral administration, oral vinorelbine is still not a highly patient-compliant route due to the severe gastrointestinal toxicity. Vinorelbine-loaded liposomes with high encapsulation efficiency and suitable particle size were prepared using the ammonium sulfate gradient method. Chitosan-coated liposomes showed the slowest in vitro release compared to uncoated liposomes and vinorelbine solution. No damage was observed in the intestinal epithelial cells of mice orally administered with coated vinorelbine liposomes due to the low presence of the free drug in the gastrointestinal tract and the LD

This study aims to investigate the effect of poly(D, L-lactic acid)The incorporation ratios of PDLLAAfter the incorporation of 5 wt% PDLLAPDLLA

Chemotherapy is an effective anti-tumor treatment. Some anticancer chemotherapeutic drugs can not only induce cell death, but can also elicit antitumor immune responses. Here, the stability of cisplatin-loaded polymeric micelles (CDDP-PMs), pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions of CDDP and anti-PD-L1 antibody (aPD-L1) in vivo and the alteration of the tumor microenvironment by combination of CDDP-PMs and aPD-L1 were evaluated. CDDP-PMs were fabricated by coordinated complexation and self-assembly method for tumor targeting. CDDP-PMs with higher mass ratio of copolymer have higher thermodynamic stability. The pharmacokinetic study showed that the CDDP and aPD-L1 were metabolized and cleared by two different pathways, suggesting that there is almost no risk of potential drug interactions between CDDP and aPD-L1 and the combination of aPD-L1 and CDDP- PMs may not alter the tissue distribution of CDDP. In vivo antitumor test showed that the tumor growth inhibition rates of CDDP-PMs combined with medium-dose aPD-L1 and CDDP-PMs combined with high-dose PD-L1 were 89.41% and 93.16%, respectively and therapeutic efficacy can be further increased by increasing the dose of aPD-L1 in co-administration group. This therapeutic system by combining chemotherapy and immunotherapy further increases the link between them and holds great potential to offer better safety and antitumor efficacy profiles.

This paper addresses the problem of object detecting and localization with a lack of global vision object information during the movement of a robot. A novel two components vision-based scheme is proposed in this paper. One is a light-weight convolution neural network (CNN) which is used to realize the detection of an object and its training model parameters are decreased to apply to the embedded system. The other is the lidar fusion structure which provides extra information of an object to improve the relative-localization capability of the robot. Experiments are designed to verify the effectiveness of this scheme. According to the results, compared with the existing method such as Yolov4-tiny, our scheme prominently increases the FPS of object detection by 60% and the two components enhance the robustness than the conventional method.

Fouling is an issue that causes a lot of challenges in different areas. It is essential to study the different types of solid foulants and build-up methodology to engineer anti-fouling surfaces. In this work, three types of fouling, including ice fouling, protein fouling and marine fouling, with their designed antifouling materials and two general approaches are discussed. This work could be helpful in better understanding the bio-inspired surfaces for fouling resistance.

CO2 photoreduction of CsPbBr3 is still restricted due to its low conversion efficiency, poor water–resistance, and high toxicity of lead. In this study, three–dimensional porous melamine foam (MF) supported WO3/CsPbBr3 S–scheme heterojunctions with appropriate surface oxygen vacancies are constructed, successfully achieving efficient and long–period CO2 photoreduction in liquid–phase H2O environment. WO3 rods (R–WO3) and WO3 sheets (S–WO3) are fabricated by controlling the precursor solutions with rich and poor Cl−, respectively, which self–assembly incorporate with CsPbBr3 to form heterojunctions. A S–scheme charge transfer pathway is created in WO3/CsPbBr3, which facilitates charge separation and retains strong redox ability of composites simultaneously. S–WO3 possesses the higher specific surface area and oxygen vacancies concentration than R–WO3, contributing to photocatalytic activity. MF/S–WO3/CsPbBr3 exhibites the best CO2 conversion efficiency, with electron consumption rate of 1720.60 μmol/g/h, which ascribes to the synergy effect of MF support, S–scheme heterojunction and oxygen vacancies. Moreover, MF/S–WO3/CsPbBr3 realizes the long–period CO2 photoreduction, with no obvious decrease of products yield after eight 8–h cycles of tests. Furthermore, the strong adherence of sample on MF support could reduce the contamination of toxic Pb2+ leakage to environment.