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我々は，月面のクレータの検知（数え上げ）を自動的に行う GUI ツールの研究開発を行っ たので，ここに報告する．クレータ検知は，クレータを単位面積当たりの多寡により，月 面がいつ出来たか，あるいはいつ熔岩によって被覆されたかを調べるクレータ年代学の基 礎となるもので，惑星科学にとって重要である．しかし，月面の人によるクレータの検知 は，時に非常に時間を要し，また誤検知，検知漏れすることも往々にしてある．そこで我々 は，月面のクレータを自動検知する手法（アルゴリズム）を組み込んだ GUI ツールを作成 した．この GUI ツールは，月周回探査機セレーネ（SELENE；愛称「かぐや」）に搭載された 地形カメラによって得られた立体視データから同時作成された可視画像データ（オルソ画 像）と標高データ（数値地形/標高モデル；DTM/DEM）を入力とする．このツールは広く一 般に公開される．, We have studied and developed a GUI tool that automatically detects (counts) craters of the Moon. Crater detection is important for planetary science because it is the basis of crater chronology to find out when the lunar surface was formed or covered with lava by the amount of crater per unit area. However, it is almost inevitable that the detection of craters scattered on the lunar surface by human takes a very long time, and false detections and omissions often occur. Therefore, we created a GUI tool incorporating a method (algorithm) that automatically detects craters on the lunar surface. In this GUI tool, input data are visible ortho-rectified images and digital terrain/elevation model data which were simultaneously produced from stereopair data obtained by the terrain camera onboard a lunar orbiter SELENE (nicknamed "Kaguya"). This tool is open to the public., 形態: カラー図版あり, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, 資料番号: AA2130022000, レポート番号: JAXA-RM-21-008

月面のクレータの単位面積当たりの多寡により，月面がいつ出来たか，あるいはいつ熔岩によって被覆されたかを調べることが可能である．したがって，クレータの検知（数え上げ）は，惑星科学にとって重要である．日本の月周回探査セレーネ（SELENE；愛称「かぐや」）に搭載された地形カメラによって得られたデータから，月全球の10m/画素の月面の可視画像データ（オルソ画像）と標高データ（数値地形/標高モデル；DTM/DEM）が得られている．本稿では，これらのデータを使って月面のクレータを自動検知する手法を紹介する．この手法では，まずオルソ画像についてクレータの影・日向を強調し，そこから，クレータ候補を抽出，その後，クレータ候補の傾斜パターンから，クレータ候補を絞ることで，クレータ検知の精度を上げるというものである．, It is possible to investigate when the lunar surface was formed or when it was covered with lava by the amount of lunar craters per unit area. Theus, crater detection (counting) is important for planetary science. Based on the data obtained by the Terrain Camera onboard the Japanese lunar orbiter SELENE (nicknamed ''Kaguya''), visible ortho-rectified image data and elevation data (Digital Terrain Model or Digital Elevation Model; DTM or DEM) have been produced. In this paper, we will introduce a method for automatically detecting lunar craters using these data. In this method, shadowed and illuminated areas of possible craters are emphasized in the ortho-rectified images, the crater candidates are extracted from them, and then they are narrowed down from the patterns of their inner walls, improving the accuracy of crater detection., 形態: カラー図版あり, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, 資料番号: AA2130018000, レポート番号: JAXA-RM-21-007

Filamentous fungi, including Aspergillus sojae, are essential for the industrial production of enzymes. Although multi-copy introduction of a gene encoding the protein of interest is useful for increasing protein production, this method has not been established in the case of filamentous fungi. In this study, we aimed to establish an efficient system for multi-copy chromosomal integration and high-level expression of a heterologous gene in A. sojae using an attenuated selectable marker. Consequently, by truncating the promoter region of selectable markers, we efficiently introduced multiple copies of a heterologous gene and enhanced the rate of high-level protein-production in the strains. Since the multi-copy strains obtained in this study maintained high productivity even in a non-selective medium, this system could be applicable for industrial protein production.

Background/Aims: Bleeding is a complication of endoscopic snare papillectomy for ampullary tumors. This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of hypertonic saline-epinephrine (HSE) local injection before endoscopic papillectomy for prevention of bleeding.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 107 consecutive patients with ampullary tumors who underwent endoscopic papillectomy. The rates of en bloc resection, pathological resection margins, and prevention of immediate or delayed bleeding in the simple snaring resection group (Group A) and the HSE injection group (Group B) were compared.Results: A total of 44 and 63 patients were enrolled in Groups A and B, respectively. The total complete resection rate was 89.7% (96/107); the clinical complete resection rates in Group A and Group B were 86.3% (38/44) and 92.1% (58/63), respectively (p=0.354). Post-papillectomy bleeding occurred in 22 patients. In Groups A and B, the immediate bleeding rates were 20.5% (9/44) and 4.8% (3/63), respectively (p=0.0255), while the delayed bleeding rates were 7% (3/44) and 11% (7/63), respectively (p=0.52). The rates of positive horizontal and vertical pathological margin in both groups were 27% and 16%, respectively.Conclusions: HSE local injection was effective in preventing immediate bleeding and was useful for safely performing endoscopic papillectomy for ampullary tumors.

It is important for athletes to speak for themselves and communicate with words in the sporting world. However, it is extremely difficult to express oneself, let alone to be understood by others. In such a situation, a common vocabulary is needed for the process of mutual understanding. Moreover, the relationship between sport and music is peculiar to rituals and sacred events. The purpose of this study is to describe the capacity of words narrated by athletes. To evaluate athletes’ words, a specifically social evaluation of athletes depends on the expression of athletes themselves and of their thoughts. Accordingly, the study examines the concept of“media production,” and also focuses on the concept and on cases of “media training” as one method of communicating with words. Furthermore, the power of words is analyzed in the sport model using music as an example. The study finally may conclude that powerful words narrated by athletes are a necessary tool for understanding sport, and then outline possible ways of thinking for the field of sport study.