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For an algebraic Hecke character defined on a CM field $F$ of degree $2d$, Katz constructed a $p$-adic $L$-function of $d+1+\delta_{F,p}$ variables in his innovative paper published in 1978, where $\delta_{F,p}$ denotes the Leopoldt defect for $F$ and $p$. In the present article, we generalise the result of Katz under several technical conditions (containing the absolute unramifiedness of $F$ at $p$), and construct a $p$-adic Artin $L$-function of $d+1+\delta_{F,p}$ variables, which interpolates critical values of the Artin $L$-function associated to a $p$-unramified Artin representation of the absolute Galois group $G_F$. Our construction is an analogue over a CM field of Greenberg's construction over a totally real field, but there appear new difficulties which do not matter in Greenberg's case., Comment: 38 pages, unintended outputs (the diagram (4.10) and the diagram at the sixth line from the bottom of page 28) are fixed

After introducing the notion of uniform integrality of critical values of the Rankin-Selberg $L$-functions for $\mathrm{GL}_{n}\times \mathrm{GL}_{n-1}$, we study it when the base field is totally imaginary. For this purpose, we adopt specific models of highest weight representations of the general linear groups, construct the Eichler-Shimura classes for $\mathrm{GL}_{n}$ and $\mathrm{GL}_{n-1}$ in an explicit manner, and then evaluate the cohomological cup product of them, by making the best use of Gel'fand-Tsetlin basis.

Admitting the existence of conjectural motives attached to cohomological irreducible cuspidal automorphic representations of $\mathrm{GL}_n$, we write down Raghuram and Shahidi's Whittaker periods in terms of Yoshida's fundamental periods when the base field is a totally real number field or a CM field.

By studying an explicit form of the Eichler--Shimura map for ${\rm GL}_3$, we describe a precise relation between critical values of the complete $L$-function for the Rankin--Selberg convolution ${\rm GL}_3 \times {\rm GL}_2$ and the cohomological cup product of certain rational cohomology classes which are uniquely determined up to rational scalar multiples from the cuspidal automorphic representations under consideration. This refines rationality results on critical values due to Raghuram et al.

We deduce the cyclotomic Iwasawa main conjecture for Hilbert modular cuspforms with complex multiplication from the multivariable main conjecture for CM number fields. To this end, we study in detail the behaviour of the $p$-adic $L$-functions and the Selmer groups attached to CM number fields under specialisation procedures., Comment: 83 pages, no figures

In 1983 Culler and Shalen established a way to construct essential surfaces in a 3-manifold from ideal points of the $SL_2$-character variety associated to the 3-manifold group. We present in this article an analogous construction of certain kinds of branched surfaces (which we call essential tribranched surfaces) from ideal points of the $SL_n$-character variety for a natural number $n$ greater than or equal to 3. Further we verify that such a branched surface induces a nontrivial presentation of the 3-manifold group in terms of the fundamental group of a certain 2-dimensional complex of groups., Comment: 33 pages and 10 figures. We have added to the latest version other figures (Figures 4 and 5) and Lemma 4.7, which states that the inverse image of Y(K) under a piecewisely-linear map is indeed a tribranched surface contained in M

We study the problem of the approach to equilibrium in a macroscopic quantum system in an abstract setting. We prove that, for a typical choice of "nonequilibrium subspace", any initial state (from the energy shell) thermalizes, and in fact does so very quickly, on the order of the Boltzmann time $\tau__\mathrm{B}:=h/(k_\mathrm{B}T)$. This apparently unrealistic, but mathematically rigorous, conclusion has the important physical implication that the moderately slow decay observed in reality is not typical in the present setting. The fact that macroscopic systems approach thermal equilibrium may seem puzzling, for example, because it may seem to conflict with the time-reversibility of the microscopic dynamics. According the present result, what needs to be explained is, not that macroscopic systems approach equilibrium, but that they do so slowly. Mathematically our result is based on an interesting property of the maximum eigenvalue of the Hadamard product of a positive semi-definite matrix and a random projection matrix. The recent exact formula by Collins for the integral with respect to the Haar measure of the unitary group plays an essential role in our proof., Comment: 37 pages, 1 figure. Many improvements have been made in version 2; appendix A is new

The fact that macroscopic systems approach thermal equilibrium may seem puzzling, for example, because it may seem to conflict with the time-reversibility of the microscopic dynamics. We here prove that in a macroscopic quantum system for a typical choice of "nonequilibrium subspace", any initial state indeed thermalizes, and in fact does so very quickly, on the order of the Boltzmann time $\tau_\mathrm{B}:=h/(k_\mathrm{B}T)$. Therefore what needs to be explained is, not that macroscopic systems approach equilibrium, but that they do so slowly., Comment: 5 pages

We prove two theorems concerning the time evolution in general isolated quantum systems. The theorems are relevant to the issue of the time scale in the approach to equilibrium. The first theorem shows that there can be pathological situations in which the relaxation takes an extraordinarily long time, while the second theorem shows that one can always choose an equilibrium subspace the relaxation to which requires only a short time for any initial state., Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure. Some small improvements in version 2. This version will appear in Phys. Rev. Lett

A version of the second law of thermodynamics states that one cannot lower the energy of an isolated system by a cyclic operation. We prove this law without introducing statistical ensembles and by resorting only to quantum mechanics. We choose the initial state as a pure quantum state whose energy is almost E_0 but not too sharply concentrated at energy eigenvalues. Then after an arbitrary unitary time evolution which follows a typical "waiting time", the probability of observing the energy lower than E_0 is proved to be negligibly small., Comment: 5 pages, endnotes [18], [20] are added for clarification in version 2. A major revision in version 3; the proof is drastically simplified, the discussion is extended, new references are added, and the two authors are added

We construct the p-adic zeta function for a one-dimensional (as a p-adic Lie extension) non-commutative p-extension of a totally real number field such that the finite part of its Galois group is a pgroup with exponent p. We first calculate the Whitehead groups of the Iwasawa algebra and its canonical Ore localisation by using Oliver-Taylor's theory upon integral logarithms. This calculation reduces the existence of the non-commutative p-adic zeta function to certain congruence conditions among abelian p-adic zeta pseudomeasures. Then we finally verify these congruences by using Deligne-Ribet's theory and certain inductive technique. As an application we shall prove a special case of (the p-part of) the non-commutative equivariant Tamagawa number conjecture for critical Tate motives. The main results of this paper give generalisation of those of the preceding paper of the author., Comment: 52 pages

In this paper, we prove the Iwasawa main conjecture of totally real fields for certain specific non-commutative $p$-adic Lie extensions, using the integral logarithms introduced by Oliver and Taylor. Our result gives certain generalization of Kazuya Kato's proof of the main conjecture for Galois extensions of Heisenberg type., Comment: 77pages

We consider nearest-neighbor self-avoiding walk, bond percolation, lattice trees, and bond lattice animals on ${\mathbb{Z}}^d$. The two-point functions of these models are respectively the generating function for self-avoiding walks from the origin to $x\in{\mathbb{Z}}^d$, the probability of a connection from the origin to $x$, and the generating functions for lattice trees or lattice animals containing the origin and $x$. Using the lace expansion, we prove that the two-point function at the critical point is asymptotic to $\mathit{const.}|x|^{2-d}$ as $|x|\to\infty$, for $d\geq 5$ for self-avoiding walk, for $d\geq19$ for percolation, and for sufficiently large $d$ for lattice trees and animals. These results are complementary to those of [Ann. Probab. 31 (2003) 349--408], where spread-out models were considered. In the course of the proof, we also provide a sufficient (and rather sharp if $d>4$) condition under which the two-point function of a random walk on ${{\mathbb{Z}}^d}$ is asymptotic to $\mathit{const.}|x|^{2-d}$ as $|x|\to\infty$., Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009117907000000231 the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)

We consider spread-out models of self-avoiding walk, bond percolation, lattice trees and bond lattice animals on the d-dimensional hyper cubic lattice having long finite-range connections, above their upper critical dimensions d=4 (self-avoiding walk), d=6 (percolation) and d=8 (trees and animals). The two-point functions for these models are respectively the generating function for self-avoiding walks from the origin to x, the probability of a connection from 0 to x, and the generating function for lattice trees or lattice animals containing 0 and x. We use the lace expansion to prove that for sufficiently spread-out models above the upper critical dimension, the two-point function of each model decays, at the critical point, as a multiple of $|x|^{2-d}$ as x goes to infinity. We use a new unified method to prove convergence of the lace expansion. The method is based on x-space methods rather than the Fourier transform. Our results also yield unified and simplified proofs of the bubble condition for self-avoiding walk, the triangle condition for percolation, and the square condition for lattice trees and lattice animals, for sufficiently spread-out models above the upper critical dimension., Comment: 53 pages, 9 figures, in AMS-LaTeX

For independent nearest-neighbour bond percolation on Z^d with d >> 6, we prove that the incipient infinite cluster's two-point function and three-point function converge to those of integrated super-Brownian excursion (ISE) in the scaling limit. The proof is based on an extension of the new expansion for percolation derived in a previous paper, and involves treating the magnetic field as a complex variable. A special case of our result for the two-point function implies that the probability that the cluster of the origin consists of n sites, at the critical point, is given by a multiple of n^{-3/2}, plus an error term of order n^{-3/2-\epsilon} with \epsilon >0. This is a strong statement that the critical exponent delta is given by delta =2., Comment: 56 pages, 3 Postscript figures, in AMS-LaTeX, with graphicx, epic, and xr packages

This is the first of two papers on the critical behaviour of bond percolation models in high dimensions. In this paper, we obtain strong joint control of the critical exponents eta and delta, for the nearest-neighbour model in very high dimensions d>>6 and for sufficiently spread-out models in all dimensions d>6. The exponent eta describes the low frequency behaviour of the Fourier transform of the critical two-point connectivity function, while delta describes the behaviour of the magnetization at the critical point. Our main result is an asymptotic relation showing that, in a joint sense, eta = 0 and delta = 2. The proof uses a major extension of our earlier expansion method for percolation. This result provides evidence that the scaling limit of the incipient infinite cluster is the random probability measure on R^d known as integrated super-Brownian excursion (ISE), in dimensions above 6. In the sequel to this paper, we extend our methods to prove that the scaling limits of the incipient infinite cluster's two-point and three-point functions are those of ISE for the nearest-neighbour model in dimensions d>>6., Comment: 72 pages, 12 Postscript figures, in AMS-LaTeX, with graphicx, epic, and xr packages

We announce our recent proof that, for independent bond percolation in high dimensions, the scaling limits of the incipient infinite cluster's two-point and three-point functions are those of integrated super-Brownian excursion (ISE). The proof uses an extension of the lace expansion for percolation., Comment: AMS-LaTeX, 8 pages, no figures; To appear in Electronic Research Announcements of the AMS, Volume 4, (1998). http://www.ams.org/era/

We present a general framework for understanding and analyzing critical behaviour in gravitational collapse. We adopt the method of renormalization group, which has the following advantages. (1) It provides a natural explanation for various types of universality and scaling observed in numerical studies. In particular, universality in initial data space and universality for different models are understood in a unified way. (2) It enables us to perform a detailed analysis of time evolution beyond linear perturbation, by providing rigorous controls on nonlinear terms. Under physically reasonable assumptions we prove: (1) Uniqueness of the relevant mode around a fixed point implies universality in initial data space. (2) The critical exponent $\beta_{BH}$ and the unique positive eigenvalue $\kappa$ of the relevant mode is exactly related by $\beta_{BH} = \beta /\kappa$, where $\beta$ is a scaling exponent. (3) The above (1) and (2) hold also for discretely self-similar case (replacing ``fixed point'' with ``limit cycle''). (4) Universality for diffent models holds under a certain condition. According to the framework, we carry out a rather complete (though not mathematically rigorous) analysis for perfect fluids with pressure proportional to density, in a wide range of the adiabatic index $\gamma$. The uniqueness of the relevant mode around a fixed point is established by Lyapunov analyses. This shows that the critical phenomena occurs not only for the radiation fluid but also for perfect fluids with $1 < \gamma \lesssim 1.88$. The accurate values of critical exponents are calculated for the models., Comment: ReVTeX, 42 pages with 8 embedded PS figures using "boxedeps.tex." This is a replacement, which (1) presents more straightforward presentation by sending some detailed "proofs" into the appendices, (2) corrects some minor errors in the first version

A scenario is presented, based on renormalization group (linear perturbation) ideas, which can explain the self-similarity and scaling observed in a numerical study of gravitational collapse of radiation fluid. In particular, it is shown that the critical exponent $\beta$ and the largest Lyapunov exponent ${\rm Re\, } \kappa$ of the perturbation is related by $\beta= ({\rm Re\, } \kappa) ^{-1}$. We find the relevant perturbation mode numerically, and obtain a fairly accurate value of the critical exponent $\beta \simeq 0.3558019$, also in agreement with that obtained in numerical simulation., Comment: 4 pages in ReVTeX, 2 uuencoded eps figures, uses BoxedEPSF.tex

We give an elementary new method for obtaining rigorous lower bounds on the connective constant for self-avoiding walks on the hypercubic lattice $Z^d$. The method is based on loop erasure and restoration, and does not require exact enumeration data. Our bounds are best for high $d$, and in fact agree with the first four terms of the $1/d$ expansion for the connective constant. The bounds are the best to date for dimensions $d \geq 3$, but do not produce good results in two dimensions. For $d=3,4,5,6$, respectively, our lower bound is within 2.4\%, 0.43\%, 0.12\%, 0.044\% of the value estimated by series extrapolation., Comment: 35 pages, 388480 bytes Postscript, NYU-TH-93/02/01