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Yuriko Abe,1 Tatsuhiko Urakami,1 Mitsuhiko Hara,1–3 Kei Yoshida,1 Yusuke Mine,1 Masako Aoki,1 Junichi Suzuki,1 Emiko Saito,2,3 Yayoi Yoshino,1 Fujihiko Iwata,4 Tomoo Okada,5 Ichiro Morioka1 1Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; 2Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; 3Department of Human Nutrition, Tokyo Kasei Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan; 4Department of Pediatrics, Wakakusa Kodomo Clinic, Saitama, Japan; 5Department of Nutrition and Life Science, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, JapanCorrespondence: Ichiro MoriokaDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Oyaguchi, Kami-Cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8610, JapanTel +81 3 3972 8111Fax +81 3 3958 5744Email morioka.ichiro@nihon-u.ac.jpPurpose: The aim was to investigate the characteristics of abdominal fat distribution in Japanese adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Patients and methods: Eighty-six Japanese adolescents with simple obesity or type 2 diabetes mellitus treated between 2002 and 2018 were included. The subjects were classified into the simple obesity group (SO group, n=38) and type 2 diabetes mellitus group (DM group, n=23) by matching average age and gender ratio. The metabolic parameters VFA, SFA, and V/S ratio were compared between the 2 groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify clinical factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Linear regression analysis was performed between hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA), or VFA-to-SFA ratio (V/S ratio) among all enrolled subjects. Finally, correlation analyses were performed to determine the relationships between VFA, SFA, and V/S ratio and metabolic parameters of the DM group. For the metabolic parameters, serum lipids, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and HbA1c were measured without fasting. The VFA and SFA at umbilical level were investigated using computed tomography.Results: VFA and V/S ratio in DM group were higher than those in SO group (p=0.04 and p

Shoichi Watanabe,1 Motoki Nakamura,1 Hiroki Takahashi,2 Masayasu Hara,2 Kei Ijichi,3 Daisuke Kawakita,3 Akimichi Morita1 1Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, 2Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, 3Department of Neuro-otolaryngology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Japan Aims: Limited data regarding the objective evaluation of skin exsiccation caused by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors exist. Objective indices were applied to evaluate the usefulness of a moisturizer against skin exsiccation associated with the use of EGFR inhibitors in cancer patients. Patients and methods: Patients with either colorectal or head and neck cancer treated with either cetuximab or panitumumab were randomly assigned 1:2 to the prophylactic-treatment arm, where participants received prophylactical moisturizer treatment (heparinoid preparation, Hirudoid®), or to the symptomatic-treatment arm, where moisturizer was applied after the onset of cutaneous symptoms. Patients were observed for 6 weeks after the start of the administration of EGFR inhibitor. Results: A total of 15 patients were included and assessed: 6 in the prophylactic treatment group and 9 in the symptomatic treatment group. We evaluated the effect of EGFR inhibitors on the physiologic function of the skin. Administration of EGFR inhibitors resulted in a continued reduction in the moisture content of the horny layer and a decrease in cutaneous sebum levels. Skin observation revealed frequent development of an acneiform rash and significantly higher exsiccation and exfoliation scores. Administration of EGFR inhibitor was associated with a decrease in the horny layer moisture content and lower cutaneous sebum levels in the symptomatic treatment group. In contrast, levels of both the indicators were increased in the prophylactic treatment group. Moreover, the EGFR inhibitor-associated increase in exsiccation and exfoliation scores were minimized in the prophylactic treatment group relative to the symptomatic treatment group. Conclusion: Application of a moisturizer is effective against dry skin induced by the administration of an EGFR inhibitor. Keywords: EGFR inhibitor, moisturizer, colorectal cancer, head and neck cancer, prophylactical moisturizer treatment, heparinoid preparation, skin exsiccation

December 2014 flooding in Kelantan river basin caused severe damage to economic and social infrastructure and dealt a serious blow to Kelantan state economies. Mitigation of flood disaster can be successful only when detailed knowledge is obtained about the vulnerability of the people, buildings, infrastructure and economic activities in a flood risk area. Therefore, to identify a community's flood risk, pre-disaster financial instrument will be introduced as non-structural mitigation measures know as flood insurance rate map. This instrument will be developed based on geospatial technology using satellite images, topographic surveys, cadastral map, type of community building such as residential or commercial and households’ income. Flood hazard maps and flood insurance rate map will provide the flood risk zone and flood insurance rate and premium coverage for the affected community. In additions it helps to determine the type of flood insurance coverage is needed since standard homeowners’ insurance doesn't cover flooding. Flood insurance rate map will provide affordable insurance for property owners, based on the lower the degree of risk state in flood hazard map, the lower the flood insurance premium. These insurance rate map are valuable to communities because it creates safer environments by reducing loss of life and decreasing property damage, allows individuals to minimize post-flood disaster disruptions and to recover quicker.

© 2014 by the American Diabetes Association.Although numerous studies have uncovered the molecular mechanisms regulating pancreas development, it remains to be clarified how ß-cells arise from progenitors and how recently specified ß-cells are different fr