Search

To improve the voltage profile and reduce power losses in industrialization, one of the methods is by compensating for reactive power in the system, namely, installing a Static VAR Compensator (SVC) and setting the SVC reactive power injection value into an 11 kV distribution system to obtain an optimization value determined by simulation using ETAP software, fast decoupled load flow method, and simulation process with a trial-and-error approach. The 38th simulation produces the effect of changes in the value of SVC reactive power injection, namely a voltage drop of 150 Volt on each 11 kV bus, decreasing the reactive power of 3 kVar on Bus101 and 34 kVar on Bus102, reducing active power losses of 0.8 kW on Bus101 and 3.5 kW on Bus102 and reducing reactive power losses of 0.5 kVar on Bus101 and 3.1 kVar on Bus102. The value required for SVC minimum reactive power injection while still achieving improved working voltage profile and reduced power losses in the system is 0 kVar. The error values in this simulation are the phase voltage difference of 119 Volt or 1.07%, the difference in the active power of -1.459 MW or -8.15%, the difference in reactive power of 0.655 MVar 12.29%, and the difference in factor power of -2.8 or -2.92%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A lightning strike can cause overvoltage disturbance in the power system. Commonly, it can occur due to a direct lightning strike on transmission tower or ground wire and phase line when shielding of ground wire fails to protect it. The overvoltage waveform propagates to the entire conductor part that connects it. Some are transmitted to the bar, and some are passed to tower footings. Therefore, the transmission line's phase voltage increases and the transient current flows to the tower footing. This study investigates the magnitude of overvoltage in each phase line of the high voltage transmission line of 150 kV P.T. Arun and current through tower footing due to lightning strikes through the alternative Transient Program (ATP). The study was carried out by modeling transmission line towers, distinct tower footing configurations, and characteristics of lightning currents. The current lightning peaks of standard IEC waveform from 25kA to 100kA are injected into the top line (phase-A) and the transmission tower. The voltage in the transmission line great is influenced by the characteristic of the lightning current magnitude. A lightning strike on a transmission tower can increase the line-phase voltages. The currents flow in tower footing is not significantly influenced by footing configuration but by the resistance value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The best grounding resistance according to the PUIL 2000 standard has a value less than 5. In this study, to improve the soil content by mixing the soil composition with Low-Resistivity Material (LRM) Bentonite and chemical materials with the driven road method as deep as 1.2 m. From the research, it was found that the original soil resistance measurement was 143.1 Ω which did the best decrease after mixing LRM (Bentonite+NaCl), with the lowest decrease being 0.1 Ω with soil resistivity 0.122 Ω.m. The medium level with LRM composition (Bentonite+NA3 PO4), where the initial resistance of 143.4 Ω decreased by 0.3 Ω with soil resistivity of 2.576 Ω.m and the highest decrease was in the original soil composition of 143.2 Ω after mixing LRM (Bentonite+CaCO3), the resistance value became 3.4 Ω with soil resistivity of 4.15 Ω.m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The substation grounding system is an important part of the electric power system as a part of the protection system to prevent equipment damage due to more severe fault currents by flowing fault currents to the ground. Therefore, the design of the substation grounding system must comply with the applicable standards. One thing that is very influential on the design of the substation is the soil type resistance where the substation stands. At a certain location, it is often found that several types of soil have different resistivity (non-uniform), namely the two-layer soil model. This paper discusses two methods used to determine the parameters of the two-layer soil resistivity, namely the Sunde graph method and modeling with the CYMGRD software. To determine the level of security in the design of substation grounding, the parameters used in this paper are the limit values of the step voltage and the touch voltage which have been tested in each case of the two-layer soil resistivity modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of technology in the field of power electronics over the last few decades has resulted in the increasing use of power electronic devices in household appliances. This has the potential to contribute harmonics to the electric power distribution system. The purpose of this study is to obtain the harmonics generated by the housing load and its effect on increasing power losses in the secondary distribution feeder. The housing load and secondary distribution network have been modeled using ETAP Power Station 19.01.1 software. To illustrate the actual situation, the operation of residential loads has been combined between linear loads and nonlinear loads, so that the Total Harmonic Distortion Current (THDi) can vary up to 40%. From the simulation results and calculations, the total power loss without harmonics is 1,009.77 watts and the total power loss at 40% THDi is 1,195.23 watts. The increase of power loss due to THDi 40% is 185.46 Watts or 18.4%. So, the higher THDi, the power losses in the secondary distribution feeder also increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power loss and voltage drop occurred when the transmission line in loading condition caused by the current flow through impedence and its effect is to lower the performance of the transmisson line. Application of static var compensator (SVC) and capacitor bank as a way to improve the voltage profile and power loss. In this study, the two types of equipment were used to increase the performance of the transmission line with case study 150 kV Nort Sumatra of electric power transmission line. The simulation results using ETAP version 12.6 software show that after the installation of SVC and Bank capacitors, not only does the voltage on the installed bus system increase but also improves the voltage across the bus and reduces the number of system losses. From the simulation results before installing SVC, it is obtained losses decreased from 48.4656 MW to 43.1941 MW or 10.87%. Overall, the installation of capacitor bank losses decreased from 48.4656 MW to 43.5499 MW or as much as 10.14%. Based on simulation result, SVC and Capacitor Bank improved voltage profiles in transmission system. The simulation results can be concluded that to reduce the number of system losses it is more effective to install capacitors than SVC in the transmission system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]