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11 results on '"Hardman, Chloe J."'

1. Delivering biodiversity and pollination services on farmland : a comparison of three wildlife-friendly farming schemes

Author

Hardman, Chloe J.

Subjects
333.95
Abstract

Gains in food production through agricultural intensification have come at an environmental cost, including reductions in habitat diversity, species diversity and some ecosystem services. Wildlifefriendly farming schemes aim to mitigate the negative impacts of agricultural intensification. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of three schemes using four matched triplets of farms in southern England. The schemes were: i) a baseline of Entry Level Stewardship (ELS: a flexible widespread government scheme, ii) organic agriculture and iii) Conservation Grade (CG: a prescriptive, non-organic, biodiversity-focused scheme). We examined how effective the schemes were in supporting habitat diversity, species diversity, floral resources, pollinators and pollination services. Farms in CG and organic schemes supported higher habitat diversity than farms only in ELS. Plant and butterfly species richness were significantly higher on organic farms and butterfly species richness was marginally higher on CG farms compared to farms in ELS. The species richness of plants, butterflies, solitary bees and birds in winter was significantly correlated with local habitat diversity. Organic farms supported more evenly distributed floral resources and higher nectar densities compared to farms in CG or ELS. Compared to maximum estimates of pollen demand from six bee species, only organic farms supplied sufficient pollen in late summer. The density and species richness of pollinators did not vary between schemes. Both CG and organic farms supported more insect-flower visitation than ELS farms. Pollination services were higher on organic farms. The results showed that prescriptive schemes (e.g. CG) and organic farming are important for supporting habitat diversity and that this is particularly beneficial for butterflies. Late summer emerged as a priority time of year to increase pollen supply on non-organic farms and management options to achieve this are discussed. The data can be used further to inform our understanding of how land management affects biodiversity, particularly pollinators.

Published
2016

6. High-throughput monitoring of wild bee diversity and abundance via mitogenomics

Author

Tang, Min, Hardman, Chloe J., Ji, Yinqiu, Meng, Guanliang, Liu, Shanlin, Tan, Meihua, Yang, Shenzhou, Moss, Ellen D., Wang, Jingxin, Yang, Chenxue, Bruce, Catharine, Nevard, Timothy, Potts, Simon G., Zhou, Xin, Yu, Douglas W., Tang, Min, Hardman, Chloe J., Ji, Yinqiu, Meng, Guanliang, Liu, Shanlin, Tan, Meihua, Yang, Shenzhou, Moss, Ellen D., Wang, Jingxin, Yang, Chenxue, Bruce, Catharine, Nevard, Timothy, Potts, Simon G., Zhou, Xin, and Yu, Douglas W.

Abstract

1. Bee populations and other pollinators face multiple, synergistically acting threats, which have led to population declines, loss of local species richness and pollination services, and extinctions. However, our understanding of the degree, distribution and causes of declines is patchy, in part due to inadequate monitoring systems, with the challenge of taxonomic identification posing a major logistical barrier. Pollinator conservation would benefit from a high-throughput identification pipeline. 2. We show that the metagenomic mining and resequencing of mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomics) can be applied successfully to bulk samples of wild bees. We assembled the mitogenomes of 48 UK bee species and then shotgun-sequenced total DNA extracted from 204 whole bees that had been collected in 10 pan-trap samples from farms in England and been identified morphologically to 33 species. Each sample data set was mapped against the 48 reference mitogenomes. 3. The morphological and mitogenomic data sets were highly congruent. Out of 63 total species detections in the morphological data set, the mitogenomic data set made 59 correct detections (93·7% detection rate) and detected six more species (putative false positives). Direct inspection and an analysis with species-specific primers suggested that these putative false positives were most likely due to incorrect morphological IDs. Read frequency significantly predicted species biomass frequency (R2 = 24·9%). Species lists, biomass frequencies, extrapolated species richness and community structure were recovered with less error than in a metabarcoding pipeline. 4. Mitogenomics automates the onerous task of taxonomic identification, even for cryptic species, allowing the tracking of changes in species richness and distributions. A mitogenomic pipeline should thus be able to contain costs, maintain consistently high-quality data over long time series, incorporate retrospective taxonomic revisions and provide an

Published
2015

8. High‐throughput monitoring of wild bee diversity and abundance via mitogenomics

Author

Tang, Min, primary, Hardman, Chloe J., additional, Ji, Yinqiu, additional, Meng, Guanliang, additional, Liu, Shanlin, additional, Tan, Meihua, additional, Yang, Shenzhou, additional, Moss, Ellen D., additional, Wang, Jiaxin, additional, Yang, Chenxue, additional, Bruce, Catharine, additional, Nevard, Tim, additional, Potts, Simon G., additional, Zhou, Xin, additional, and Yu, Douglas W., additional

Published
2015
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11. Delivering biodiversity and pollination services on farmland: a comparison of three wildlifefriendly farming schemes

Author

Hardman, Chloe J.

Abstract

Gains in food production through agricultural intensification have come at an environmental cost,\ud including reductions in habitat diversity, species diversity and some ecosystem services. Wildlifefriendly\ud farming schemes aim to mitigate the negative impacts of agricultural intensification. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of three schemes using four matched triplets of farms in southern England. The schemes were: i) a baseline of Entry Level Stewardship (ELS: a flexible\ud widespread government scheme, ii) organic agriculture and iii) Conservation Grade (CG: a prescriptive, non-organic, biodiversity-focused scheme). We examined how effective the schemes were in supporting habitat diversity, species diversity, floral resources, pollinators and pollination\ud services. Farms in CG and organic schemes supported higher habitat diversity than farms only in ELS. Plant\ud and butterfly species richness were significantly higher on organic farms and butterfly species richness was marginally higher on CG farms compared to farms in ELS. The species richness of plants, butterflies, solitary bees and birds in winter was significantly correlated with local habitat diversity. Organic farms supported more evenly distributed floral resources and higher nectar densities compared to farms in CG or ELS. Compared to maximum estimates of pollen demand from six bee species, only organic farms supplied sufficient pollen in late summer. The density and species richness of pollinators did not vary between schemes. Both CG and organic farms supported more insect-flower visitation than ELS farms. Pollination services were higher on organic farms. The results showed that prescriptive schemes (e.g. CG) and organic farming are important for\ud supporting habitat diversity and that this is particularly beneficial for butterflies. Late summer\ud emerged as a priority time of year to increase pollen supply on non-organic farms and management options to achieve this are discussed. The data can be used further to inform our understanding of how land management affects biodiversity, particularly pollinators.

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