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In this study, the deformation and strain values in the periimplant bone were assessed in order to examine the impacts of three different dental implant thread pitch settings. In this work, the diameter, length, material, and elastic modulus impacts on the biomechanical behaviour of a new dental implant were predicted using the finite element method. Both a three-dimensional dental implant model and a mandibular segment model that matched the premolar region were acquired. loads that are axially applied. The dental implant models were built using Solidworks 2021, and the simulations were carried out using Ansys / CAE. In this work, FEA was used to analyse how the bioactive material (30% CFR PEEK) and implant thread design influenced strain and distortion in the implantation. According to the study's hypotheses, the 30% CFR PEEK implant system will be made of an isotropic, homogeneous, and linearly elastic material. Using the modelling software tools Solidworks and Ansys Workbench, strain and deformation at the implant and implant-cortical bone contact are examined and evaluated. In the present investigation, FEA was used to analyse how the bioactive material (30% CFR PEEK) and thread design affected strain and distortion in the implantation system. The 30% CFR PEEK implant system will reportedly be built of an isotropic, homogenous, and linearly elastic substance, according to the study's hypothesis. We study and assess strain and distortion at the implant, cortical and cancellous bone using the modelling software tools Solidworks and Ansys Workbench.

The present research study seeks to provide a thorough literature evaluation on implant-based materials, implant design and application of FEA approach (Finite Element Analysis). PEEK biomaterial is the primary subject of this article. Implant design and the significance of PEEK material in future clinical applications are significant subtopics in this study. Due to its excellent physical qualities, titanium plays an essential part in the implant business. PEEK and zirconia materials appear to have promise for the future. Biomedical uses of PEEK and its composite materials in a number of different fields, including dentistry, hip implant, anterior plate fixation, crainoplasticity, knee implants, spine implants, and so forth. The implant's impact and success are greatly impacted by the prudent selection of implant biomaterial. Before the PEEK implant can replace titanium and zirconium, further research and well-controlled clinical studies are required. In this study, a number of biomaterials that were used in the implant industry will be finalized.

Demand in energy and energy crisis made way towards the development of biodiesel implementation. Since various biodiesel are made from renewable resources and has positive environmental effects, bio-diesel has recently gained in popularity as a replacement for diesel fuel in CI engines. Considering these scenarios, this research article describes the extraction of bio-oil from the processed seeds of linum usitatissimum and its conversion into biodiesel through two stage transesterification process. Linum usitatissimum is a plant which has seeds which are rich in oil content which was extracted through soxhlet extraction process and converted to bio-diesel. Compositions of linum usitatissimum fatty acid profiles employing Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry is reported in the work. Further, fourier transform infra-red analysis and Physio-chemical characterization was carried out to confirm the usage of linum usitatissimum as a biodiesel in place of commercial diesel. The objective of this research is to view the properties and characterization analysis to verify whether this linum usitatissimum biodiesel can be utilized as an alternate fuel in our conventional diesel engines. The effects of using linum usitatissimum oil biodiesel in CI engines are the subject of this study. In conclusion, conventional diesel in India can be replaced with linum usitatissimum oil biodiesel which may also give reasonable impact on vehicle fuel efficiency and performance based on the properties of the fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vulcanization is a process of joining the conveyor belt with high pressure and temperature. The machine consists of several components like stiffness bar, vertical supporting rod, heating plate, insulator, fasteners and particularly traverse bar which adds on to the weight of the machine. The machine consists of 5 to 10 traverse bar which is made aluminium 6061 alloy. In the present work, the weight of the vulcanization machine is reduced by reducing the weight of the traverse bar. This is achieved by choosing a less dense material. This research work mainly focused on reducing weight of the traverse bar by choosing polymer matrix composite material like epoxy carbon fiber and epoxy s-glass. A modelling and simulation work is conducted for aluminium alloy 6061 as well as composite material, deformation and stress are compared. I beam for epoxy carbon fiber deformation increased by 150 % and for epoxy s-glass increased by 366% comparing with traverse bar. In I beam with stiffener epoxy carbon fiber deformation is reduced by 38% for epoxy s-glass is increased by 6 %. Similarly, for equivalent stress composite materials for I beam is increased and for I beam with stiffener is decreased. The weight reduction from aluminium alloy to composite material is for epoxy carbon fiber is 81.70% and epoxy s-glass is 75.43%. In with stiffeners epoxy carbon fiber is 78.25% and epoxy s-glass is 70.81%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NACA 0012 symmetric airfoil is commonly used for the aerodynamic analysis of aircraft. This research work investigates modifications in the airfoil design to improve the lift-drag ratios. The initial phase involves computational analysis on the two-dimensional airfoil and later, the obtained results were validated by comparing them to standard data obtained by calculations. The modified airfoil designs are stepped trailing edge, tubercle leading edge and combination of both. The design alterations implemented was based on insights gained from various simulations with the adjustment in angle of attack ranging from 0° to 8°. The stepped design in trailing edge generated less drag and produced less lift. Whereas, the tubercle in leading edge of airfoil exhibited more drag and lift forces. Although generation of lift is favourable for an aircraft, it is of paramount importance to reduce its drag counterpart for efficient flying. Hence, the characteristics of tubercle leading edge and stepped trailing edge airfoil was incorporated into a single airfoil and their aerodynamic performance results were explained in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improper maintenance and negligence, the tyres will affect the handling quality of the vehicle, performance of the vehicle and fuel efficiency and sometimes it may even lead to an accident. Hence, this project is to provide a system, which monitors the tyre pressure regularly along with real-time graphs and also this system is capable of self-inflating the tyres. In order to prevent human loss at the time of an accident in remote areas, a GPS crash detection system is also included separately. These systems are connected via the Internet of Things (IoT) using Arduino UNO and node MCU ESP 8266. The microprocessors have pre-set data fed into the system to continuously monitor the air pressure of the tyre as per the manufacturer's recommendation. The mechanism will automatically inflate the tyres to the prescribed limit if there is any pressure loss in the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study investigating the aerodynamic effects of a retractable flap on a passenger vehicle. The predominant aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of the flap's deployment on the vehicle's aerodynamic performance, specifically focusing on improving the overall braking efficiency by increasing the aerodynamic drag. The CFD simulations were conducted using the ANSYS, by employing a validated turbulence model and a detailed vehicle geometry. The CFD results demonstrated that the deployment of the retractable flap resulted in noticeable changes in the vehicle's aerodynamics. The flap's presence altered the flow field around the vehicle, increasing the overall aerodynamic drag. Also, the flap's angle significantly affected the aerodynamic performance, with certain angles resulting in more favourable flow patterns and reduced drag coefficients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Application of flow past bluff bodies like (cylinders, spheres etc) has been spread to other engineering fields (e.g., ship hydrodynamics, pipelines, heat exchangers in nuclear reactors, cooling systems, skyscrapers etc.) and no more a topic of interest only to aerodynamicists. Porous cylinders with sufficient mechanical properties and strength as of solid cylinders will be preferred due to their better fluid flow and heat transfer properties. In this work, an attempt using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach was made to compare the fluid flow and heat transfer properties of the porous square cylinder and square solid cylinder for different low Reynolds numbers. An Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) Equations were solved for the two chosen cylinders where turbulence is introduced into the equations through Shear Stress Transport (SST) k-w model. Heat transfer to the flowing fluid from the cylinders is estimated using the Nusselt number. Brinkman model in conjunction with Forchheimer term has been used to develop the flow through the porous media. The study carried out on 3-Dimensional space using commercial software Ansys. Dependence on grid and mesh has been studied by increasing the number of elements by √2 to verify and validate the methodology followed. The study has been done for different low Reynolds numbers, namely, Re = 170, 185, 200 and 250. The results are encouraging the preference of porous square cylinder than solid square cylinder for few applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the biodiesel forms considered for research in the recent past is mixture of Avocado oil with diesel because the waste produced by avocado fruit is very huge which is not limited to the peel and stone. This paper deals with the comparison of performance and emissions of mixtures with different percentages of diesel, avocado oil and diethyl ether (DEE). The biodiesel is prepared through the process of transesterification process under acid-base catalyst. The performance characteristics considered for comparison are Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE). The emissions considered are smoke, Carbon monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Carbon dioxide (CO2) and Unburned Hydrocarbons (UBHC). The results show that mixing avocado biodiesel in the prescience of Di-ethyl ether with diesel proved to be encouraging. Different compression ratios, namely, 17%, 17.5% and 18% were assessed and the results are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The majority of injuries and deaths are caused by a vehicle accident in the front structure. This research endeavours to systematically refine bumper beam structures through an amalgamation of computational simulations, advanced material selection, and experimental validations. A multifaceted approach is employed, encompassing finite element analysis (FEA) techniques to model and predict crash responses, coupled with iterative design iterations to optimize energy absorption and deformation characteristics. The study delves into the synergistic effects of material properties, geometric parameters, and structural arrangements on crash performance. The results underscore the intricate interplay between structural rigidity, energy absorption, and occupant safety. This work entails designing a car bumper beam in the W section that could withstand a low-impact collision with a new energy absorbing material. The optimized designs exhibit superior crashworthiness metrics, highlighting the potential to significantly mitigate collision-induced forces. This study underscores the imperative for continuous exploration and innovation in bumper beam design to elevate vehicular safety standards and ultimately reduce the human and economic toll of road accident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Algal biofuels are a promising renewable feedstock to produce energy that can supplement future energy demands greatly. The present study aims to utilize Dunaliella salina, a hypersaline, unicellular greenish-orange micro-algae, to produce bio-oil. F/2 nutrient media and trace metal and vitamin solution under carbon-dioxide-rich conditions were used to cultivate the microalgae. Ultrasonic extraction method at 60 Hz for 90 min isolated 650 mL of bio-oil. A single-stage based-catalyzed transesterification process with methanol and sodium hydroxide yielded 380 mL of Pure Dunaliella salina biodiesel at % an extraction efficiency of 87%. The Phytochemical screening on the cultivated Dunaliella sp. was performed to understand its feasibility to be used as a fuel for IC engines. Furthermore, the obtained biodiesel was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer (GCMS), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectral analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Performance and load testing data of a three bladed two stage LENZ type vertical axis wind turbine from the experiments conducted in an open environment condition at Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai (location 23.2167°N, 72.6833°E) are presented here. Low-wind velocity ranging from 2 to 11 m/s is available everywhere irrespective of climatic seasons and this data provides the support to the researchers using numerical tool to validate and develop an enhanced Lenz type design. Raw data obtained during the measurements are processed and presented in the form so as to compare with other typical outputs. The data is measured at different wind speeds prevalent in the open field condition ranging from 3 m/s to 9 m/s. Keywords: Vertical axis wind turbine, Lenz type, Performance, Two-stage, Open environment measurement

The present study involves developing a suitable material for using it as a metallic body implant. Mg-alloys is seen as a future bio-absorbable metallic body implant in orthopaedic and other applications. The major problem of using Mg is its high corrosion rate. In this project, we have taken magnesium alloys and have done laser surface texturing. Using texturing different patterns were made. The major purpose of texturing is to improve the corrosion and wear resistance. The specimens were tested for wear and found, that wear rate changes for the textured surface for the increase in load. However, when the load is 3.5 N, the wear behavior was very different from Orchard wear equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to increasingly demanding market conditions within the aluminium industry, the drive to reduce cost and increase productivity is an on-going challenge. This has been largely due to testing economic conditions globally and continued consolidation within the industry. Inevitably there is an increased focus on internal production costs with the associated drives to reduce scrap, increase productivity and to do both at a lower operating cost. The quality of a foundry industry can be increased by minimizing the casting defects during production. Aim of the current study is to study the production line of an aluminium alloy manufacturing industry and to improve the quality of production using quality control tools. The slabs produced faces various defects and net recovery of these slabs can be improved by Quality control tools. This study shows the systematic approach to find the root cause of major defects in aluminium castings using defect diagnostic approach as well as cause and effect diagram. Casting defect analysis is carried out using techniques like historical data analysis, cause-effect diagrams, design of experiments and root cause analysis. Using check sheets data has been collected and all the defects have been studied. Using Pareto chart major defects in the aluminium castings were noted. The major defects for the rejections during production were identified as hot tear, inclusions, cold shut and cracks. Each defect is studied thoroughly and the possible causes for the defects are shown in Cause and Effect Diagrams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work details the performance and behaviour of the suspension system by varying the suspension-damping coefficient for different vehicle speed over a sinusoidal bump. For this analysis 2-DoF quarter car suspension model is used. Governing equations of motion of the system are developed using Newton's law. Suspension system functions like sprung mass acceleration, suspension deflection, and tire deflection are developed using a transfer function model. Bode plot of the various transfer functions is simulated using Matlab/Simulink tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]