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Sagu (Metroxylon spp.) merupakan komoditas dengan multifungsi. Potensi paling besar di dunia terdapat di Indonesia mencapai 50-60 %, namun pemanfaatannya masih kurang, baru sekitar 15-20 %. Penelitian bertujuan mengungkapkan penyebaran spasial, potensi luasan, jumlah tegakan, dan potensi produksi pati berbagai varietas/subvarietas tanaman sagu di Pulau Seram Provinsi Maluku. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret-Nopember 2009. Distribusi spasial ditetapkan melalui analisis klasifikasi terbimbing data citra Landsat-5TM, kemudian dilakukan verifikasi lapang menggunakan GPS. Potensi sagu ditetapkan melalui survey ke tiga wilayah sampel yaitu Luhu, Sawai, dan Werinama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Pulau Seram Provinsi Maluku terdapat luas areal tanaman sagu sebesar 18.239,8 ha. Penyebarannya membentuk klaster (pach) secara tidak merata, di dataran rendah, ketinggian ≤ 250 m dpl, pada lahan datar sampai curam dengan slope 0-40 %, pada tanah-tanah aluvium (Entisols dan Inceptisols), di pesisir pantai, dan dekat kiri-kanan sungai. Potensi sagu di pulau ini mencapai 3,22 juta rumpun, pohon 1,47 juta individu, dan pohon panen ± 350 ribu individu. Sagu Tuni Becc. dan Sylvestre Becc. merupakan subvarietas dan varietas sagu dengan kapasitas produksi tinggi, mencapai 566,04 dan 560,68 kg/batang. Sedangkan kapasistas produksi sagu subvarietas Makanaro Becc. dan varietas Molat Becc. masing-masing hanya sekitar 245,21 dan 237,22 kg/batang.

The article describes a new idea of the maize value chain in Indonesia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as we already know that it affected all aspects of life, including agriculture. This research was conducted in East Java, South Sulawesi, and East Nusa Tenggara Province through interviewing stakeholders of the maize value chain. Data collection was carried out at two periods, before and the first year of the COVID-19 outbreak in Indonesia. Using the value chain mapping analysis, governance analysis, and marketing efficiency analysis on the maize value chain, it is confirmed that all marketing institutions except feed producers (mills) experienced a decrease in the R/C ratio, and profits and marketing cost were increased all actors. The R/C values and feed mills profits were even higher during the COVID-19 pandemic than before. Although there was a 2.96% decrease in the selling price and a 16.6% increase in costs during the pandemic, the difference between the selling price and the purchase price reached 25%, the R/C value became higher during the pandemic. In general, maize value chain performance was still efficient because the average R/C obtained was more than zero (0.134). The increase in prices at the consumer level was not perfectly transmitted to farmers' level prices. Meanwhile, the prices decline at the consumer level was perfectly transmitted to that at the farmer level.

Agricultural activities cannot be separated from indigenous knowledge (IK), which has developed and continues to be strongly maintained by Bugis–Makassar farmers in the face of rapidly developing science and technology. The objective of this study was to explore the IK practices in rice cultivation of the Bugis–Makassar farmer community, as well as the process of integrating IK and scientific knowledge into decision making. The study used a number of qualitative methodologies to gather information, including meetings, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and semi-structured interviews. Our results show that IK is slowly disappearing and being replaced by middle-aged people and youth, who seem to care more about modernization than assimilation. However, with the existence of Tudang Sipulung, the fading of local wisdom may be inhibited. Tudang Sipulung’s strength lies in the government’s involvement in integrating IK and scientific knowledge into formal forums and agreement. The Tudang Sipulung agreement is formally binding with constitutional sanctions applied. In order to provide optimum benefits, engaging young farmers in the understanding and preservation of indigenous and scientific knowledge is recommended to preserve local culture and transfer modern technology.

In this study, we aimed to improve rice farmers’ productivity and profitability in rainfed lowlands through appropriate crop and nutrient management by closing the rice yield gap during the dry season in the rainfed lowlands of Indonesia. The Integrated Crop Management package, involving recommended practices (RP) from the Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD), were compared to the farmers’ current practices at ten farmer-participatory demonstration plots across ten provinces of Indonesia in 2019. The farmers’ practices (FP) usually involved using old varieties in their remaining land and following their existing fertilizer management methods. The results indicate that improved varieties and nutrient best management practices in rice production, along with water reservoir infrastructure and information access, contribute to increasing the productivity and profitability of rice farming. The mean rice yield increased significantly with RP compared with FP by 1.9 t ha–1 (ranges between 1.476 to 2.344 t ha–1), and net returns increased, after deducting the cost of fertilizers and machinery used for irrigation supplements, by USD 656 ha–1 (ranges between USD 266.1 to 867.9 ha–1) per crop cycle. This represents an exploitable yield gap of 37%. Disaggregated by the wet climate of western Indonesia and eastern Indonesia’s dry climate, the RP increased rice productivity by 1.8 and 2.0 t ha–1, with an additional net return gain per cycle of USD 600 and 712 ha–1, respectively. These results suggest that there is considerable potential to increase the rice production output from lowland rainfed rice systems by increasing cropping intensity and productivity. Here, we lay out the potential for site-specific variety and nutrient management with appropriate crop and supplemental irrigation as an ICM package, reducing the yield gap and increasing farmers’ yield and income during the dry season in Indonesia’s rainfed-prone areas.

ncreasing the cropping index is a strategic policy and program to increase the efficiency of available land use. Referring to the potential and constraints of cropping index improvement, it is necessary to review the supporting components that affect cropping index implementation improvement in some agroecosystems. The purpose of this study was to aims to analyze the components of farming that support the implementation of increased cropping index in upland, rainfed lowland, and swampy land. This activity was carried out in five provinces namely Banten, West Java, DI Yogyakarta, East Nusa Tenggara, and South Sumatra from August to December 2018. The site selection was done purposively based on agroecosystems. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed using quantitative and qualitative approaches then interpreted descriptively and analyzed with multiple linear regression analysis. The dependent variable (Y) is the cropping index and the independent variables (xi) are labor, water availability, demonstration plot capital availability, water resources, supervisory, and extension media. The results of the combined linear regression analysis showed that water availability and supervisory were the supporting components that have a significant effect on every agroecosystem. Meanwhile, water, capital and labour availability were variables that have a significant effect on the implementation of increased cropping index in upland agroecosystems. The dissemination media has a significant effect only on rainfed lowland, while the capital availability and water sources were supporting components that have a significant effect at swampy land.

Indonesia has a large tropical archipelago with a complex and dynamic climate. Climate change has a significant impact especially in the agriculture sector where the magnitude of such impact varies from one location to another. Information about the magnitude of the impact and its monitoring in each location is still limited. The research objective was to determine the key locations for Indonesia’s climate variability based on SST Niño 3.4 index in El-Niño and La-Niña conditions. More than 4000 rain-stations data were used in this analysis. Key locations were determined based on a strong and significant correlation between rainfall and SST Niño 3.4 index under El-Niño and La-Niña conditions with a lag of 1 to 4 months. Based on the analysis results, 6 rain stations could be used as key locations on El-Niño and 5 rain stations on La-Nina condition. Key locations can be used as priority locations for impact analysis and monitoring of the impact of extreme climate, especially in the agricultural sector.

Mengingat wilayah Indonesia memiliki keragaman iklim yang sangat tinggi, maka diperlukan suatu data dan informasi yang menyajikan wilayah kunci yang memiliki keeratan hubungan dengan indikator global. Tulisan ini menyajikan hasil analisis indikator global dengan anomali curah hujan di Indonesia pada setiap periode waktu 3 bulanan (DJF, MAM, JJA dan SON) serta pada lag 0 hingga lag 3 berdasarkan korelasi dan signifikansi pada taraf nyata (P

Salah satu implikasi dari perubahan iklim adalah pergeseran waktu tanam yang tentunya mempengaruhi pola tanam dan produktifitas, terutama tanaman pangan. Untuk memandu petani menyesuaikan pola dan waktu tanam, maka analisis kalender tanam sangat diperlukan. Tujuan study ini adalah untuk mengembangka n peta kalender tanam tanaman padi di Jawa berdasarkan keragaman iklim (tahun basah, tahun normal dan tahun kering). Peta kalender tanam dikembangkan beberapa tahap, yaitu: (a) analisis waktu tanam eksisting, (b) analisis waktu tanam potensial, and (c) pembuatan peta kalender tanam. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan data curah hujan harian dari tahun 1983 sampai dengan 2006, dan data realisasi tanam padi bulanan dari tahun 2003 sampai dengan 2005 untuk seluruh pulau Jawa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan waktu tanam pada kondisi basah, normal dan kering. Waktu tanam tertinggi untuk musim tanam pertama (MT I) pada tahun basah hampir sama dengan kondisi normal yaitu pada Okt 2/Okt 3, sedangkan pada tahun kering terjadi pada Des 2/Des 3. Intensitas tanam juga bervariasi antar provinsi. Kondisi ini mengakibatkan distribusi input pertanian seperti benih dan pupuk harus dijadwalkan sesuai kondisi setempat. Agar perencanaan waktu tanam dapat dilakukan dengan mudah, informasi peta kalender tanam telah dipetakan dalam skala 1:250.000 pada skala kecamatan. Peta kalender tanam selanjutnya dikompilasi menjadi satu atlas yang dapat digunakan sebagai pedoman bagi penyuluh dan petani di dalam penentuan kalender tanam

Salah satu faktor penentu keberhasilan budidaya pertanian di lahan rawa pasang surut adalah waktu tanam. Waktu tanam tanaman pangan terutama padi mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting pada produksi akhir hasil pertanian. Di Indonesia saat ini dikenal 3 Musim Tanam, yaitu musim hujan, antara bulan November-Pebruari, musim kemarau I, antara bulan Maret-Juni; dan musim kemarau II, antara bulan Juli-Oktober. Akan tetapi, dinamika perubahan iklim seperti kekeringan (El Nino) dan kebasahan (La Nina) yang tidak menentu, berimbas pada pergeseran awal dan akhir musim tanam serta berdampak negatif bagi produktivitas tanaman padi. Adanya hal tersebut, analisis tentang waktu tanam padi di lahan rawa pasang surut Pulau Kalimantan perlu dilakukan. Waktu tanam di lahan pasang surut dimulai setelah jumlah air hujan mencukupi untuk melarutkan kadar besi yang ada di dalam air. Realisasi tanam di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat umumnya terjadi pada Dasarian 28 (Oktober), Kalimantan Timur pada Dasarian 31 (November), serta Kalimantan Selatan dan Kalimantan Tengah pada Dasarian 7 (Maret). Waktu tanam di lahan rawa pasang surut menunjukkan tingkat kekukuhan yang tinggi terhadap perubahan iklim, dimana waktu tanam tidak terlalu berubah selama 10 tahun pada kondisi iklim yang berbeda. Kata kunci: dasarian, luapan, air hujan, kekukuhan ABSTRACT One of the critical factors for agricultural cultivation in tidal swamp land is cropping time. Paddy cropping time has a very important role in the final production of agricultural cultivation. Currently, there are 3 cropping time in Indonesia, in the rainy season (November to February), first of dry season (March to June), and second of dry season, (July to October). However, the climate change dynamic such as drought (El Nino) and wetness (La Nina), shifting the cropping time and resulting a negative impact on the productivity of paddy rice. Therefore, an analysis of the rice cropping time needs to be done on Kalimantan tidal swampland area. Cropping time in the tidal swampland area began after the amount of rain was sufficient to dissolve the levels of iron in water. In West Kalimantan, the cropping time realization generally occurs in Dasarian 28 (October), while East Kalimantan on Dasarian 31 (November), and South Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan on Dasarian 7 (March). Cropping time in tidal swamp land showed a high level of resistance to climate change, in which planting time did not change for 10 years in different climatic conditions. Key words: decadal, tidal, rainwater, substantiality

Lack of water in reproductive phases (flowering, fruit formation and maturation) of mango can reduce fruit production and quality. In these phases the plant must be protected from water stress. The aim of the research was to assess the effect of irrigation on the productivity and quality of mango fruits. The study was conducted at the Cukurgondang Experimental Station, Pasuruan, East Java, from April to December 2013, using 40 mango trees of 21 year-old Arumanis variety. Mangoes were planted on five rows with eight plants for each row and 6 m x 6 m spacing within the row. Fan jet sprayer irrigation was installed using hose according to plant diameter. The irrigation technique of fan jet sprayer with four nozzles per plant was applied at 125, 100, 75, 50 and 0% of crop water requirements or equal to 828, 663, 497, 331 and 0 liters of water per tree, every seven days. The parameters observed were the number and weight of fallen fruits and the number, weight and quality of mangoes harvested. The results showed that irrigation of 50% and 75% of crop water requirement had the highest and lowest number of fallen fruits (26% and 14% of total production), respectively. The highest and lowest total number of mangoes were 3.108 and 1904 fruits, respectively, which were achieved at irrigation of 50% and 75% of crop water requirement. Further, the highest and lowest total weight of mango fruits were 1036.2 and 677.9 kg respectively which were achieved at irrigation of 50% and 125% of crop water requirement. Mango fruits produced were dominated by grades 2 and 3 with A quality.

Keragaman curah hujan yang tinggi secara spasial dan temporal akibat variabilitas iklim berpengaruh nyata terhadap produktivitas tanaman. Salah satu upaya yang efektif dan murah untuk menekan risiko terkait keragaman dan iklim ekstrem adalah menyesuaikan waktu tanam. Kriteria yang umum digunakan untuk menentukan awal musim tanam padi di Indonesia adalah awal musim hujan (MH), yaitu jika jumlah curah hujan > 50 mm dalam tiga dasarian berturut-turut. Kriteria lain yang disarankan para pakar adalah jumlah curah hujan selama beberapa hari berturut-turut, yang tidak diikuti oleh beberapa hari kering berturut-turut dalam periode setelahnya. Namun, jumlah hari hujan dan hari kering berturut-turut bervariasi. Sistem informasi untuk penentuan waktu tanam padi di Indonesia adalah Kalender Tanam (Katam). Katam memberikan informasi estimasi awal waktu tanam, potensi luas tanam, rotasi tanaman, dan intensitas tanam pada tingkat kecamatan untuk setiap musim selama satu tahun. Penentuan waktu tanam pada Katam ber-dasarkan kriteria awal MH. Namun, pertumbuhan tanaman tidak hanya ditentukan oleh curah hujan pada waktu tanam, tetapi juga jumlah dan distribusi hujan selama periode tanam. Oleh karena itu, penentuan waktu tanam perlu pula mempertimbangkan distribusi curah hujan selama musim tanam. Kendala penerapan kriteria tersebut adalah belum tersedianya prediksi curah hujan harian 1-2 bulan ke depan yang diinformasikan 1-2 sebelumnya. Namun, dengan menggunakan Global Circulation Model, prediksi curah hujan harian pada musim tanam yang akan datang dapat diberikan tepat waktu.

Ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi hasil penelitian akan bermanfaat jika sesuai dengan kebutuhan pengguna dan disampaikan secara cepat dan tepat waktu. Salah satu pendekatan yang sering digunakan masa kini adalah pengembangan sistem teknologi informasi yang telah diaplikasikan di berbagai bidang. Makalah ini memaparkan pengemasan informasi kalender tanam tanaman padi dalam bentuk Sistem Teknologi Informasi Kalender Tanam Terpadu Berbasis Web. Pengembangan sistem dilaksanakan dalam bentuk desk study, yang terdiri atas lima tahap, yaitu 1) Inventarisasi data, 2) Penyusunan algoritme analisis, 3) Penyusunan desain sistem, 4) Pemrograman, dan 5) Pengujian dan operasi sistem teknologi informasi kalender tanam terpadu. Produk ini dapat diakses melalui http://katam.litbang.deptan.go.id/ dan menjadi pedoman bagi pengguna sebelum memasuki musim tanam ke depan. Informasi kalender tanam terpadu yang tersedia sampai tingkat kecamatan dan meliputi prediksi awal waktu tanam, estimasi luas tanam, potensi wilayah rawan banjir dan kekeringan, potensi serangan organisme pengganggu tanaman, rekomendasi varietas, serta rekomendasi dosis dan kebutuhan pupuk. Sistem teknologi informasi kalender tanam terpadu bersifat dinamis. Oleh karena itu, baik substansi maupun sistem perlu dievaluasi, diperbarui, dan diperbaiki melalui kegiatan verifikasi dan validasi. Hal ini perlu pemeliharaan (maintenance) terus menerus, agar kebutuhan pengguna mengenai waktu tanam, dan informasi rekomendasi teknologi dapat dipenuhi lebih akurat.

Kemajuan teknologi informasi dewasa ini sangat pesat. Mulai dengan penggunaan telepon selular yang hanya digunakan untuk mengirimkan pesan singkat atau berkomunikasi biasa sampai dengan telepon pintar (smart phone).Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian dalam usaha penyebaran informasi pertanian, berusaha menggunakan teknologi informasi tersebut semaksimal mungkin. Salah satu contoh adalah penyebaran informasi kalender tanam terpadu, yang bukan hanya berbasis website saja, tetapi juga berbasis SMS dan Android. Makalah ini bertujuan ntuk memaparkan pengembangan aplikasi yang dapat digunakan untuk diseminasi informasi tanam terpadu menggunakan aplikasi mobile berbasis Android. Materi yang digunakan dalam penyusunan aplikasi ini tentunya terkait dengankalender tanam, yaitu standing crop yang diekstrak dari citra satelit MODIS, data hasil monitoring CCTV, estimasi waktu dan luas tanam, status tingkat kerawanan banjir dan kekeringan tingkat kabupaten, status organisme pengganggu tanaman, rekomendasi varietas dan prakiraan kebutuhan benih, rekomendasi dan kebutuhan pupuk, dan mekanisasi pertanian. Metode yang digunakan secara umum adalah pendekatan pengembangan sistem berbasis Android. Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini adalah tersedianya dan terpakainya aplikasi Android pada sistem informasi katam terpadu. Pada intinya pengguna dapat menggunakan smartphone untuk mendapatkan informasi terkini mengenai kalender tanam pertanian secara cepat. Cepatnya mendapatkan informasi pertanian diharapkan membantu petani dan masyarakat pertanian melakukan budidaya pertanian secara lebih akurat agar terhindar dari kegagalan.