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Background: Because of its wide array of advantages, MRI has gained popularity in evaluation of the musculoskeletal system. The advantages include non-invasiveness, lack of ionizing radiations, superior soft-tissue imaging and direct multiplanar imaging. Excellent visualization of cartilage, ligaments, tendons and bones can be achieved by the high resolution images of MRI. MRI can provide a comprehensive evaluation of ankle, including soft tissue and bone pathology. The soft tissue contrast resolution of MRI is superior to that of CT, and MRI is as good as or better than CT for most bone pathology. MRI is more sensitive than CT in the detection of stress fractures and trabecular bone injury.[4] Aim & Objective: 1.To study the normal anatomy of ankle joint on MRI.2 To assess acute traumatic injury patterns of ankle joint.3.To study the role of MRI in the evaluation of traumatic injuries of ankle joint..4 To study the chronic sequelae of ankle injuries. Methods: Study setting: Cross sectional study Tertiary care center. Study duration: 2 years ( from October 2019 to March 2021). Study population: The study population included all the cases with traumatic ankle injury referred to the Dept. of Radiodiagnosis our institute for MRI scan with or without X-ray ndings admitted at a tertiary care center such cases were included in the study. 50 Majority of cases found in 20-30 years age group 18( 36% Sample size: Results: ) followed by 40-50 group 12 cases (24%), 9 cases in 30-40, 7 cases in >50 and 4 cases in 10-20. Males contributing 34 (68%) and females 16 (32%). Deltoid ligament injuries are observed in 12 patients. However, isolated injuries are not seen. Deltoid ligament injuries are associated with bone, other ligamentous and tendon injuries. Anterior compartment tendon injuries were not observed in this study. 16 patients had a history of acute inversion injury. MRI plays an important role Conclusions: for planning further management and to decide whether the patient will require conservative or surgical management. Even though anatomical variants and technical artefacts can mimic a tear on MRI, it is still considered the primary imaging modality for optimal depiction of internal derangement in ankle injury. Common injuries observed in our study are - anterior talo- bular ligament injury, deltoid ligament injury, tenosynovitis, bone contusions and joint effusion.

To compare the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection vs dry needling (DN) for management of trigger points in the masseter muscle in myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) patients.This randomized controlled trial included 30 clinically confirmed cases of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) in the masseter muscle who were randomly and equally (1:1) assigned to the test (PRP) and control (DN) groups. Both groups were evaluated for pain (visual analog scale [VAS]), range of functional movements, need for pain medication, patient satisfaction (Likert scale), and sleep (VAS) at baseline and 2-week, 1-month, and 3-month follow-ups. VAS pain and Likert score were also obtained at 6-month intervals.The use of PRP solution in MTrPs in MPS patients had a better effect on pain and patient satisfaction compared to DN.PRP appears to be a more effective treatment modality compared to DN in the management of MTrPs in MPS patients.

Microbial organisms are key drivers in processes related to human health, industrial biotechnology, and environmental ecology. In our attempts to predict, control, and design biological outcomes in each of these application areas, we require both an understanding of how microbes encode and perform their innate functions and the tools to implement engineering decisions. Here we present new technologies for interrogating genome function and editing genomes to carry out user-defined functions. First, we describe the development of CRISPRi as a platform for high-throughput genome annotation, focusing on a proof-of-concept in Escherichia coli to demonstrate our ability to map the genotype-phenotype-function landscape and uncover new design considerations for improving CRISPRi-based genetic screens. Next, we present the creation of a platform strain of Escherichia coli that achieves high rates of multiplex genome editing while retaining a low background mutagenesis rate, a favorable tradeoff that many editing strains have struggled to achieve. Finally, we report the design of novel CRISPR architectures that act not only as promising scaffolds for effector fusions but can also be programmed to sense and respond to endogenous cellular signals. Together, these technologies improve our ability to rapidly understand and engineer microbial behaviors.

Background Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a severe form of pain that affects the daily activities of a patient. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy is an emerging option for the treatment of acute and chronic pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of TENS therapy as an adjunct to drug therapy for the treatment of TN. Methods A total of 52 patients diagnosed with TN according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders (version 3) were included. Each patient was randomized to either the TENS or placebo TENS groups. Intervention was given in continuous mode and 100-Hz frequency for 20 mins biweekly for 6 weeks. Parameters were measured at baseline, TENS completion and 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year of follow up. The parameters observed were mean carbamazepine dose, mean visual analog scale (VAS) score, mean present pain intensity (PPI) score, and functional outcome. Non-parametric analyses, one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test were applied for intragroup comparisons, while the Mann-Whitney U test and independent t-test were used for intergroup comparisons of variables. The chi-square test was applied to analyze categorical data. Results Compared to the placebo TENS group, the mean dose of carbamazepine in the TENS group was significantly reduced at TENS completion, as well as at 6 months and 1 year follow up. Changes in mean VAS score, mean PPI score, and functional outcome did not show significant differences between the groups (P>0.05). Conclusion TENS therapy does not lead to any changes in pain levels but it may reduce the mean dose of carbamazepine when used as an adjunct treatment in patients with TN.

There is a new public health crises threatening the world with the emergence and spread of 2019 novel corona virus (2019-nCoV) The virus originated in bats and was transmitted to humans through yet unknown intermediary animals in Wuhan, Hubei province, China in December 2019.It caused a total of 80,868 confirmed cases and 3101 deaths in Chinese mainland until March 8, 2020. This novel virus spread mainly through respiratory droplets and close contact. According to the current pandemic situation the worldwide report of death due to COVID-19 is 165,877,654, cases confirmed and 3,445,463 death and 146,583,420 recovered. The symptoms are usually fever, cough, sore throat, breathlessness, fatigue, malaise among others. The disease is mild in most people; in some, usually the elderly and those with comorbidities, it may progress to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi organ dysfunction. As COVID-19 has triggered enormous human casualties and serious economic loss posing global threat, an understanding of the ongoing situation and the development of strategies to contain the virus's spread are urgently needed. Currently, various diagnostic kits to test for COVID-19 are available and several repurposing therapeutics for COVID-19 have shown to be clinically effective. In addition, global institutions and companies have begun to develop vaccines for the prevention of COVID-19. Here, we review the current status of epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine development for COVID-19.

COVID- 19 is a horrifying pandemic which affected all countries with significant involvement of population leaving the whole world helpless and in distress and grief. Scientists in the entire universe are working to get the healing solution to get rid of this terrific Corona Virus. Though vaccination against this infection has provided an apt relief but still the fight is on against the developing mutant stains. Numerous positive Covid cases have been presented with varied oral manifestations, which are important for dental surgeons to comprehend. The present review article highlighted oral lesions in patients with COVID- 19 disease.

A common consequence of moderate to extreme periodontitis is pathologic migration. This denotes tooth movement when the periodontal disease interjects the equilibrium among the elements that preserve physiological tooth position. The balancing factors can migrate the teeth in any direction. The etiology of pathological migration tends to be multifactorial, thus achieving early diagnosis is imperative, which will ultimately lead to the prompt removal of the etiological factors while avoiding severe bone destruction. In this case maxillary central incisors had diastema due to pathological migration with mobility grade I in maxillary left central incisor. Many cases of moderate to severe pathological migration need a suitable, interdisciplinary approach. Pathological tooth migration (PTM) at an early stage, spontaneous correction of migrated teeth can be accomplished by periodontal therapy alone. Regardless of the treatment selected, maintenance of stable results should be considered as an aim of treatment.

We hereby report an unusual case which presented as a routinely encountered reactive lesion on the palate, whilst the radiological examination revealed a radiolucent cystic lesion underneath. After the investigations from radiography to histopathology, it was finally diagnosed as a peripheral ossifying fibroma coexisting with a nasopalatine duct cyst.

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have certainly had a significant impact on the healthcare industry. In urology, AI has been widely adopted to deal with numerous disorders, irrespective of their severity, extending from conditions such as benign prostate hyperplasia to critical illnesses such as urothelial and prostate cancer. In this article, we aim to discuss how algorithms and techniques of artificial intelligence are equipped in the field of urology to detect, treat, and estimate the outcomes of urological diseases. Furthermore, we explain the advantages that come from using AI over any existing traditional methods.

Objective: To develop a decision support system (DSS) for the prediction of the postoperative outcome of a kidney stone treatment procedure, particularly percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) to serv...

Jatropha integerrima Jacq. (Euphorbiaceae), is grown in many tropical and subtropical countries and used to treat eczema, herpes, ringworm, rheumatism, pruritus, scabies, toothaches, tumors and warts. Its latex is toxic. A methanolic extract of the roots was chromatographed over silica gel column packed in petroleum ether. The column was eluted with petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol successively in order of increasing polarity to isolate n-pentadecanyl oleate (1), α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2→1')-O-α-D-glucopyranoside (α-D-diglucoside,2), n-hexanoyl-O- α -D-glucopyranosyl-(2a→1b)-O- α -D-glucopyranosyl-(2b→1c)-O- α -D-glucopyranosyl-(2c→1d)-O- α -D-glucopyranosyl-(2d→1e)-O- α -D-glucopyranoside (n-caproyl O-α-D-pentaglucoside,3), n-hexanoyl-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2a→1b)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2b→1c)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2c→1d)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2d→1e)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2e→1f)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (n-caproyl O-β-D-hexaglucoside,4), α -D-glucopyranosyl-(2→1a)-O- α -D-glucopyranosyl-(2a→1b)-O- α -D-glucopyranosyl-(2b→1c)-O- α -D-glucopyranosyl-(2c→1d)-O- α -D-glucopyranosyl-(2d→1e)-O- α -D-glucopyranoside (α-D-hexaglucoside5) and α -D-glucopyranosyl-(2→1a)-O- α -D-glucopyranosyl-(2a→1b)-O- α -D-glucopyranosyl-(2b→1c)-O- α -D-glucopyranosyl-(2c→1d)-O- α -D-glucopyranosyl-(2d→1e)-O- α -D-glucopyranosyl-(2e→1f)-O- α -D-glucopyranoside (α-D-heptaglucoside,6) . The structures of these compounds have been established on the basis of spectral data analysis and chemical means

Objective The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical, imaging and histopathological features of orofacial cysticercosis. Materials and method This study is a retrospective analysis of orofacial cysticercosis that was diagnosed in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, PGIDS, Rohtak during the period from January 2012 to December 2014. A total of 16 cases were analyzed for their clinical, imaging, histological features and management. Result From all the 16 evaluated patients 68.75% were females and 31.25% males. Age ranged from 10 years to 55 years with a mean of 25.69 years. In all the patients, the chief complaint was a nodular swelling of variable duration with a wide variation in the location. Most of the cases were diagnosed on ultrasonography alone except for one case that needed MRI. All the patients were managed medically with only five out of 16 patients requiring surgical intervention. Conclusion Cysticercosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of all the nodular swellings of head and neck region. Ultrasound is an economic, easily accessible, safe and noninvasive method that can be used with a considerable reliability in the diagnosis of cysticercosis along with histopathological examination. Clinical relevance Cysticercosis is a rare disease difficult to diagnose clinically due to nonspecific presentation and inconclusive investigations. This study, to the best of our knowledge, is the first compilation of 16 cases of orofacial cysticercosis. Dentist may play a key role in diagnosis, which may have more widespread implications.

Allergies have recently become the most prevailing problem after all the technological and industrial development. Human body system has reached the limit where it cannot adapt to such high degrees of pollution and even the natural things at times. Understanding the responsibility of being the most superior race on this planet, humans have implemented technology and its various aspects for the betterment of other species whether it be plant species or animal species. Humans are trying to move towards advancements and taking other living beings with them. At the moment humans have created problems for themselves by destroying the natural flora and fauna. This is debatable that humans did it for everyone or for their selfish sake but no one can deny that damage has been done. The consequences being diseases and allergies all such health issues have increased with time. Now, something had to be done to come over it after all humans are most superior. Again technology came to the rescue and humans implemented systems that can predict weather and climatic changes so that a person can be ready with all the precautionary measures. This paper discusses allergy forecast system. Allergy prediction system will work on a similar principle of data collection and using that data for predicting possible health issues that might occur as a result of the climatic condition in that area. The system collects information from weather forecast system to show possible health problems based on climate and also uses data from social media (i.e. social media analysis) to predict possible problems based on updated form different regions.

Data entry has been a hectic job since the era of data accumulation started. Apparently, that is why there is a full-fledged career in data entry. Data entry method varies with requirements. Early days of computers relied on punch cards and gradually keyboards and mouse came into picture which we still use. Touchscreens didn't take much time to replace the physical keyboard inputs and now as the result of human intelligence and innovation, the era of the optical input is here. Where the user does not even have to take the pain of thinking about entering data but can simply use an optical reader or scanner to input data. Using the computational power the individual elements like text, images, and special characters can be distinguished. OCR-Optical Character Recognizer does the work. OCR works similar to humans when it comes to character recognition as it maintains a database of characters and compares all the scanned elements with the database which makes it really simple to understand. This paper explains the working of an OCR in its different stages. That study helps in finding the various drawbacks of the conventional system. The paper also tells about how those shortcomings can be eliminated and how a better OCR that is future ready can be achieved.

Least Significant Bit-first (LSB-first) algorithm is suitable for low-activity signals as it reduces DAC activity and the number of bit-cycles required per conversion. However, certain code transitions degrade performance by requiring large switching energy and number of bit-cycles even when the code change over previous code is small. This paper addresses it by a new algorithm called Recode then LSB-first (RLSB-first) that reduces the switching energy required for all cases of small code change across the full range of possible previous sample codes. The energy reduction is achieved while maintaining a low number of bit-cycles per conversion.

Background India has a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM), tuberculosis (TB), human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and hepatitis B. United States-based studies indicate provider and patient support for medical screening in the dental setting. We assessed patient attitudes towards, and willingness to participate in, medical screening in the dental setting in India. Method A 5-point Likert scale survey (with scores ranging from 1 = very important/willing to 5 = very unimportant/unwilling) was given to a convenience sample of adult patients visiting five university-based dental clinics (clinic group) and one private-practice setting (private group). The Mann–Whitney U-test was used to compare mean response scores between patient groups. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with a favourable outcome. Results Both patient groups felt it important for dentists to identify increased risk for medical conditions (89.3% vs. 94.9%, respectively; P = 0.02). The majority of patients were willing to have a dentist screen for the specified conditions: CVD (80.6% clinic and 84.5% private); DM (84.5% clinic and 77.5% private); TB (76.7% clinic and 73.2% private); hepatitis (73.3% clinic and 67.5% private); and HIV/AIDS (71.0% clinic and 70.5% private). The majority of patients were willing to participate in chairside screening that yielded immediate results (84.6% clinic and 86.1% private), discuss results immediately (85.8% clinic and 87.2% private) and pay 150 Indian rupees (55.9% clinic and 91.7% private). Younger patients (

A low-voltage, ultra-low power sensor interface for electromyogram (EMG) signal acquisition is presented. The sensor interface consists of an amplifier and a SAR ADC that work from a 0.3V supply. The low-voltage amplifier topology provides a noise level of 26μVrms, 40dB gain and a state-of the art power efficiency factor (PEF) of 2.2 from a 20–425Hz bandwidth. Low-voltage supply improves the power efficiency of the amplifier compared with previous ultra-low power work. Together with the ADC, the prototype implemented in 65nm CMOS process consumes 3.8nW and has an area of 0.22mm2, which makes the sensor interface suitable for wearable IoT nodes as well as implantable devices.

Jatropha integerrima Jacq. (Euphorbiaceae) is grown in many tropical and subtropical countries and used to treat eczema, herpes, ringworm, rheumatism, pruritus, scabies, toothaches, tumors and warts. Its latex is toxic. A methanolic extract of the roots was chromatographed over silica gel column packed in petroleum ether. The column was eluted with petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol successively in order of increasing polarity to isolate n-pentadecanyl oleate (1), α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2→1')-O-α-D-glucopyranoside (α-D-diglucoside, 2), n-hexanoyl-O- α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2a→1b)-O- α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2b→1c)-O- α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2c→1d)- O- α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2d→1e)-O- α-D-glucopyranoside (n-caproyl O-α-D-pentaglucoside, 3), n-hexanoyl-O- β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2a→1b)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2b→1c)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2c→1d)-O-β-D- glucopyranosyl-(2d→1e)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2e→1f)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (n-caproyl O-β-D- hexaglucoside, 4), α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2→1a)-O- α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2a→1b)-O- α-D-glucopyranosyl- (2b→1c)-O- α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2c→1d)-O- α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2d→1e)-O- α-D-glucopyranoside (α-D- hexaglucoside 5) and α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2→1a)-O- α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2a→1b)-O- α-D-glucopyranosyl- (2b→1c)-O- α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2c→1d)-O- α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2d→1e)-O- α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2e→1f)-O- α-D-glucopyranoside (α-D-heptaglucoside, 6) .The structures of these compounds have been established on the basis of spectral data analysis and chemical means.

Vertex epidural hematomas (VEDHs) are well-known subtype of extradural hemorrhage, their clinical presentation can be misleading and these lesions may be missed by routine CT axial scanning. In the presented case we describe a case of 35-year man who had a large hyperdense collection with horse shoe shaped distribution on axial images. Sagittal and coronal reconstruction of the images showed greater details of the vertex extradural hematoma. 3D CT reconstruction showed diastasis of the coronal suture with fracture lines involving parietal bones. While the patient was waiting for the surgery he developed weakness of both lower limbs. The patient underwent evacuation of extradural hematoma in emergency. It is recommended to obtain CT slices until the bone of vertex in head injury patients so the diagnosis of VEDH should not be missed.

Verrucous hemangioma is a structural variant of capillary or cavernous hemangioma in which reactive epidermal acanthosis, papillomatosis, and hyperkeratosis are secondary developments. It usually presents at birth, but may appear later in adult life. Often misdiagnosed clinically as angiokeratoma, its distinct histopathology helps to differentiate the two. It has the tendency for recurrence if not treated by wide excision. We report a case of 22-year-old male who had linear verrucous hemangioma on his left leg since childhood. The purpose of reporting it is the rarity of the case and the possibility of recurrence, if not treated by wide excision and skin grafting.

Global atmospheric electrical parameters such as atmospheric conductivity, air-earth current density, atmospheric electric field, and atmospheric potential have been calculated for eighty different orographically important places of India under the influence of cosmic ray modulation factor due to Forbush decrease assuming fair weather conditions. The results have been compared with the earlier work of Kumar et al. (1998) and show that the correlation between cosmic rays and global atmospheric electrical parameters near the earth surface depends upon the relative magnitudes of galactic cosmic ray particles.