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The efficient use of municipal waste is becoming increasingly important for sustainable environmental quality. An integral part of the process of recycling waste material is its quality sorting. Nowadays, both manual and automated sorting methods, especially optical sorting, are used worldwide for sorting mixed waste. This article presents the application of the NIR/VIS optical sorting system through a description of this processing equipment integrated into a specific plastic waste processing line. The aim of the article was to select the optimal mode of operation generally applicable to mixed waste, and, specifically, to compare the quality of sorting of plastic waste in automated and manual sorting modes. In order to compare the efficiency of the sorting system, significant parameters of the sorting process were proposed. The measurement of the plastic waste sorting purity parameter was based on data obtained by weighing selected control samples, and the evaluation of the results of these measurements showed, in particular, the dependence of the concerned parameter not only on the sorting mode, i.e., automated and manual, but also on the conveyor belt speed/waste material flow, on the pre-sorting methods and, in the case of manual sorting, on the operating shift. The subsequent economic assessment of both sorting processes clearly declared the investment in automated sorting systems in the optical system operation mode not only as profitable, but also as extremely advantageous both for the production economy and the environment.

Virtual Reality (VR) represents a computer technology to create a simulated three-dimensional (3D) environment. Compared to the traditional user interfaces, VR places the user inside an experience. This research aimed to implement and examine modern learning strategies and activities with the VR for teaching crime scene investigation. The target group of this piloting study consisted of all students who enrolled in a crime scene investigation course at Al-Istiqlal University during the Spring semester of 2021. An online item-based questionnaire has been developed. It is used to assess students’ perceptions towards using cooperative, discussion, field trip and problem-solving learning strategies and activities implemented with the VR technology. This study showed that VR is a helpful tool to practice modern learning strategies and skills in learning forensic science and crime scene investigation. We can conclude that using VR technology for educational purposes supports the learning process.

In spite of continuous progress in technical advancement, the conventional machining process became unsatisfactory in the healthcare field due to its disadvantages. This inadequacy lead researchers to consider using the application of nontraditional machining that can machine extremely hard and brittle materials into complicated shapes such as medical devices and implants in healthcare. In this study, the three most popular nontraditional machining process technologies: Laser Beam Machining, Water Jet Machining, and Electrocautery are evaluated to determine the most appropriate technology using the Health Technology Assessment based Multi-criteria Decision-Making framework. HTA is organized evaluation of effects and properties of health technology that enables the application of systematic skills to solve a health problem. HTA's main goal is to raise awareness of new health technologies among decision makers. For these reasons, the HTA core model that enables the production of HTA-related information was utilized.The comparison of selected technologies was carried out via integrating the HTA core model, Best Worst, and Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution methods. Finally, a comparison was made to find the most suitable technology to create the necessary infrastructure. As a result, evaluation scores were computed as 0,673; 0,538 and 0,500 for WJM, LBM, and EC, respectively.

The aim of the publication is to design an analytical relationship for determining the bending coefficient measurable by belt friction. Following the results of the presented measurements, the theoretical assumption is verified that in the material of the belt stress arises during the friction of the contact surfaces, due to external forces and bending of the belt. Selected experiments of drawing a polypropylene belt at a constant speed over an aluminium cylindrical surface are carried out using a servo drive on a measuring bench with computer-controlled instrumentation. The results of friction and bending coefficient measurements are interpreted in connection with the setting of various input parameters (especially friction surfaces and belt thicknesses), at a constant shaft speed. The newly identified dimensionless bending coefficient of belt friction is a material coefficient with a comparative information value concerning the flexibility of the belt, suitably supplementing the friction Euler-Eytelwein coefficient. The presented publication can be suitably applied especially to the engineering educational process.