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Academic misconduct and academic integrity are issues of importance to Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Phraseologies and practices may conflate unintentional mistakes with attempts to gain illegitimate advantage, with some groups potentially at higher risk. HEIs across the United Kingdom (UK) responded to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request, and provided data regarding their overall student demographics, the demographic details of their cases of referred and substantiated academic misconduct over a specific time period, as well as information about Turnitin. Available data were analysed with an estimated combined student population of 200,646 with an estimated 2718 students referred for academic misconduct. Analyses revealed some groups being referred out of proportion with their share of the student population, however, no significant differences were observed by demographic for substantiated cases. Most of the responding HEIs indicated Turnitin was used for both identification of misconduct and pedagogical purposes although some reported variations in use for pedagogy by department or module. Implications of the findings are considered. Limitations around available data are discussed and areas requiring more detailed consideration are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thyroid eye disease is an auto-immune condition characterised by an acute inflammatory phase followed by a fibrotic phase, which sometimes leads to restricted eye movements and diplopia. Medical treatment with systemic steroids with or without orbital radiotherapy and immunosuppression can control the inflammatory response. Strabismus surgery should be carried out only after the inflammation is no longer active and after any decompression surgery. Surgery comprises recession of tight muscles using adjustable sutures so as to maximise the area of binocular single vision. There is debate as to whether adjustable sutures should be used for the inferior rectus muscle. Patients should be encouraged to have realistic expectations, as binocular single vision may not be achievable in all directions of gaze and lid retraction may be made worse by surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PurposePtosis affects both the function and appearance of the eyes and face, because of drooping of the eyelids. Previous research has focused on functional impairment; however, similar appearance altering eye conditions have been demonstrated to have major impacts on psychosocial functioning.MethodsThis study examines the psychological well-being and appearance concerns of patients presenting with ptosis recruited from Bristol Eye Hospital using validated questionnaires focusing on demographics and psychosocial factors before surgery.ResultsPatients reported higher levels of anxiety, depression, and appearance concern than population norms, with scores comparable to previous research examining the impact of other disfiguring eye conditions. Gender differences were observed, with almost half of females experiencing significant psychosocial issues related to appearance concern about their ptosis compared with 20% of males. Linear regressions revealed that the main predictor of poor adjustment to the appearance of ptosis was the level of concern an individual had regarding the negative perceptions of other people. These results implicate psychosocial factors and demographics as predictors of the development of appearance-related distress and compromised psychological well-being for patients with ptosis who are currently seeking surgery.ConclusionsThis study provides clinicians with a greater understanding of the concerns of affected patients, and treatment motivations. The findings may also inform the development of patient reported outcome measures and support for patients, which targets the psychosocial impact of the condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]