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1. The global abundance of tree palms

Author

Muscarella, R, Emilio, T, Phillips, OL, Lewis, SL, Slik, F, Baker, WJ, Couvreur, TLP, Eiserhardt, WL, Svenning, JC, Affum-Baffoe, K, Aiba, SI, de Almeida, EC, de Almeida, SS, de Oliveira, EA, Álvarez-Dávila, E, Alves, LF, Alvez-Valles, CM, Carvalho, FA, Guarin, FA, Andrade, A, Aragão, LEOC, Murakami, AA, Arroyo, L, Ashton, PS, Corredor, GAA, Baker, TR, de Camargo, PB, Barlow, J, Bastin, JF, Bengone, NN, Berenguer, E, Berry, N, Blanc, L, Böhning-Gaese, K, Bonal, D, Bongers, F, Bradford, M, Brambach, F, Brearley, FQ, Brewer, SW, Camargo, JLC, Campbell, DG, Castilho, CV, Castro, W, Catchpole, D, Cerón Martínez, CE, Chen, S, Chhang, P, Cho, P, Chutipong, W, Clark, C, Collins, M, Comiskey, JA, Medina, MNC, Costa, FRC, Culmsee, H, David-Higuita, H, Davidar, P, del Aguila-Pasquel, J, Derroire, G, Di Fiore, A, Van Do, T, Doucet, JL, Dourdain, A, Drake, DR, Ensslin, A, Erwin, T, Ewango, CEN, Ewers, RM, Fauset, S, Feldpausch, TR, Ferreira, J, Ferreira, LV, Fischer, M, Franklin, J, Fredriksson, GM, Gillespie, TW, Gilpin, M, Gonmadje, C, Gunatilleke, AUN, Hakeem, KR, Hall, JS, Hamer, KC, Harris, DJ, Harrison, RD, Hector, A, Hemp, A, Herault, B, Pizango, CGH, Coronado, ENH, Hubau, W, Hussain, MS, Ibrahim, FH, Imai, N, Joly, CA, Joseph, S, Anitha, K, Kartawinata, K, Kassi, J, and Killeen, TJ

Subjects
above-ground biomass, abundance patterns, Arecaceae, local abiotic conditions, Neotropics, pantropical biogeography, tropical rainforest, wood density, Ecology, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Ecological Applications
Abstract

Aim: Palms are an iconic, diverse and often abundant component of tropical ecosystems that provide many ecosystem services. Being monocots, tree palms are evolutionarily, morphologically and physiologically distinct from other trees, and these differences have important consequences for ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage) and in terms of responses to climate change. We quantified global patterns of tree palm relative abundance to help improve understanding of tropical forests and reduce uncertainty about these ecosystems under climate change. Location: Tropical and subtropical moist forests. Time period: Current. Major taxa studied: Palms (Arecaceae). Methods: We assembled a pantropical dataset of 2,548 forest plots (covering 1,191 ha) and quantified tree palm (i.e., ≥10 cm diameter at breast height) abundance relative to co-occurring non-palm trees. We compared the relative abundance of tree palms across biogeographical realms and tested for associations with palaeoclimate stability, current climate, edaphic conditions and metrics of forest structure. Results: On average, the relative abundance of tree palms was more than five times larger between Neotropical locations and other biogeographical realms. Tree palms were absent in most locations outside the Neotropics but present in >80% of Neotropical locations. The relative abundance of tree palms was more strongly associated with local conditions (e.g., higher mean annual precipitation, lower soil fertility, shallower water table and lower plot mean wood density) than metrics of long-term climate stability. Life-form diversity also influenced the patterns; palm assemblages outside the Neotropics comprise many non-tree (e.g., climbing) palms. Finally, we show that tree palms can influence estimates of above-ground biomass, but the magnitude and direction of the effect require additional work. Conclusions: Tree palms are not only quintessentially tropical, but they are also overwhelmingly Neotropical. Future work to understand the contributions of tree palms to biomass estimates and carbon cycling will be particularly crucial in Neotropical forests.

Published
2020

2. Correction for Slik et al., Phylogenetic classification of the world’s tropical forests

Author

Slik, JWF, Franklin, J, Arroyo-Rodríguez, V, Field, R, Aguilar, S, Aguirre, N, Ahumada, J, Aiba, SI, Alves, LF, Anitha, K, Avella, A, Mora, F, Aymard, GAC, Báez, S, Balvanera, P, Bastian, ML, Bastin, JF, Bellingham, PJ, Van Den Berg, E, Da Conceição Bispo, P, Boeckx, P, Boehning-Gaese, K, Bongers, F, Boyle, B, Brambach, F, Brearley, FQ, Brown, S, Chai, SL, Chazdon, RL, Chen, S, Chhang, P, Chuyong, G, Ewango, C, Coronado, IM, Cristóbal-Azkarate, J, Culmsee, H, Damas, K, Dattaraja, HS, Davidar, P, DeWalt, SJ, DIn, H, Drake, DR, Duque, A, Durigan, G, Eichhorn, K, Eler, ES, Enoki, T, Ensslin, A, Fandohan, AB, Farwig, N, Feeley, KJ, Fischer, M, Forshed, O, Garcia, QS, Garkoti, SC, Gillespie, TW, Gillet, JF, Gonmadje, C, Granzow-De La Cerda, I, Griffith, DM, Grogan, J, Hakeem, KR, Harris, DJ, Harrison, RD, Hector, A, Hemp, A, Homeier, J, Hussain, MS, Ibarra-Manríquez, G, Hanum, IF, Imai, N, Jansen, PA, Joly, CA, Joseph, S, Kartawinata, K, Kearsley, E, Kelly, DL, Kessler, M, Killeen, TJ, Kooyman, RM, Laumonier, Y, Laurance, SG, Laurance, WF, Lawes, MJ, Letcher, SG, Lindsell, J, Lovett, J, Lozada, J, Lu, X, Lykke, AM, Bin Mahmud, K, Mahayani, NPD, Mansor, A, Marshall, AR, Martin, EH, Matos, DCL, Meave, JA, Melo, FPL, Mendoza, ZHA, and Metali, F

Abstract

Correction for "Phylogenetic classification of the world's tropical forests, " by J. W. Ferry Slik, Janet Franklin, Víctor Arroyo- Rodríguez, Richard Field, Salomon Aguilar, Nikolay Aguirre, Jorge Ahumada, Shin-Ichiro Aiba, Luciana F. Alves, Anitha K, Andres Avella, Francisco Mora, Gerardo A. Aymard C., Selene B?ez, Patricia Balvanera, Meredith L. Bastian, Jean-François Bastin, Peter J. Bellingham, Eduardo van den Berg, Polyanna da Conceição Bispo, Pascal Boeckx, Katrin Boehning-Gaese, Frans Bongers, Brad Boyle, Fabian Brambach, Francis Q. Brearley, Sandra Brown, Shauna-Lee Chai, Robin L. Chazdon, Shengbin Chen, Phourin Chhang, George Chuyong, Corneille Ewango, Indiana M. Coronado, Jurgi Crist?bal-Azkarate, Heike Culmsee, Kipiro Damas, H. S. Dattaraja, Priya Davidar, Saara J. DeWalt, Hazimah Din, Donald R. Drake, Alvaro Duque, Giselda Durigan, Karl Eichhorn, Eduardo Schmidt Eler, Tsutomu Enoki, Andreas Ensslin, Adand? Belarmain Fandohan, Nina Farwig, Kenneth J. Feeley, Markus Fischer, Olle Forshed, Queila Souza Garcia, Satish Chandra Garkoti, Thomas W. Gillespie, Jean- Francois Gillet, Christelle Gonmadje, Iñigo Granzow-de la Cerda, Daniel M. Griffith, James Grogan, Khalid Rehman Hakeem, David J. Harris, Rhett D. Harrison, Andy Hector, Andreas Hemp, J?rgen Homeier, M. Shah Hussain, Guillermo Ibarra-Manríquez, I. Faridah Hanum, Nobuo Imai, Patrick A. Jansen, Carlos Alfredo Joly, Shijo Joseph, Kuswata Kartawinata, Elizabeth Kearsley, Daniel L. Kelly, Michael Kessler, Timothy J. Killeen, Robert M. Kooyman, Yves Laumonier, Susan G. Laurance, William F. Laurance, Michael J. Lawes, Susan G. Letcher, Jeremy Lindsell, Jon Lovett, Jose Lozada, Xinghui Lu, Anne Mette Lykke, Khairil Bin Mahmud, Ni Putu Diana Mahayani, Asyraf Mansor, Andrew R. Marshall, Emanuel H. Martin, Darley Calderado Leal Matos, Jorge A.Meave, Felipe P. L. Melo, Zhofre Huberto Aguirre Mendoza, Faizah Metali, Vincent P. Medjibe, Jean Paul Metzger, Thiago Metzker, D. Mohandass, Miguel A. Munguía-Rosas, Rodrigo Muñoz, Eddy Nurtjahy, Eddie Lenza de Oliveira, Onrizal, Pia Parolin, Marc Parren, N. Parthasarathy, Ekananda Paudel, Rolando Perez, Eduardo A. P?rez-García, Ulf Pommer, Lourens Poorter, Lan Qi, Maria Teresa F. Piedade, Jos? Roberto Rodrigues Pinto, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, John R. Poulsen, Jennifer S. Powers, Rama Chandra Prasad, Jean-Philippe Puyravaud, Orlando Rangel, Jan Reitsma, Diogo S. B. Rocha, Samir Rolim, Francesco Rovero, Andes Rozak, Kalle Ruokolainen, Ervan Rutishauser, Gemma Rutten, Mohd. NizamMohd. Said, Felipe Z. Saiter, Philippe Saner, Braulio Santos, João Roberto dos Santos, Swapan Kumar Sarker, Christine B. Schmitt, Jochen Schoengart, Mark Schulze, Douglas Sheil, Plinio Sist, Alexandre F. Souza, Wilson Roberto Spironello, Tereza Sposito, Robert Steinmetz, Tariq Stevart, Marcio Seiji Suganuma, Rahayu Sukri, Aisha Sultana, Raman Sukumar, Terry Sunderland, Supriyadi, H. S. Suresh, Eizi Suzuki, Marcelo Tabarelli, Jianwei Tang, Ed V. J. Tanner, Natalia Targhetta, Ida Theilade, Duncan Thomas, Jonathan Timberlake, M?rcio de Morisson Valeriano, Johan van Valkenburg, Tran Van Do, Hoang Van Sam, John H. Vandermeer, Hans Verbeeck, Ole Reidar Vetaas, Victor Adekunle, Simone A. Vieira, Campbell O.Webb, Edward L. Webb, Timothy Whitfeld, Serge Wich, John Williams, Susan Wiser, FlorianWittmann, Xiaobo Yang, C. Yves Adou Yao, Sandra L. Yap, Rakan A. Zahawi, Rahmad Zakaria, and Runguo Zang, which was first published February 5, 2018; 10.1073/pnas.1714977115 (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 115:1837-1842). The authors note that, due to a printer's error, an author name published incorrectly. The author name Lan Qi should instead appear as Lan Qie. The online version has been corrected.

Published
2018

3. Failure statistics for commercial lithium ion batteries: A study of 24 pouch cells

Author

Harris, SJ, Harris, DJ, and Li, C

Subjects
Clinical Research, Energy, Chemical Sciences, Engineering
Abstract

There are relatively few publications that assess capacity decline in enough commercial cells to quantify cell-to-cell variation, but those that do show a surprisingly wide variability. Capacity curves cross each other often, a challenge for efforts to measure the state of health and predict the remaining useful life (RUL) of individual cells. We analyze capacity fade statistics for 24 commercial pouch cells, providing an estimate for the time to 5% failure. Our data indicate that RUL predictions based on remaining capacity or internal resistance are accurate only once the cells have already sorted themselves into “better” and “worse” ones. Analysis of our failure data, using maximum likelihood techniques, provide uniformly good fits for a variety of definitions of failure with normal and with 2- and 3-parameter Weibull probability density functions, but we argue against using a 3-parameter Weibull function for our data. pdf fitting parameters appear to converge after about 15 failures, although business objectives should ultimately determine whether data from a given number of batteries provides sufficient confidence to end lifecycle testing. Increased efforts to make batteries with more consistent lifetimes should lead to improvements in battery cost and safety.

Published
2017

4. Positive feedbacks and alternative stable states in forest leaf types

Author

Zou, Y, Zohner, CM, Averill, C, Ma, H, Merder, J, Berdugo, M, Bialic-Murphy, L, Mo, L, Brun, P, Zimmermann, NE, Liang, J, de-Miguel, S, Nabuurs, GJ, Reich, PB, Niinements, U, Dahlgren, J, Kändler, G, Ratcliffe, S, Ruiz-Benito, P, de Zavala, MA, Crowther, TW, Abegg, M, Adou Yao, YC, Alberti, G, Almeyda Zambrano, AM, Alvarado, BV, Alvarez-Dávila, E, Alvarez-Loayza, P, Alves, LF, Ammer, C, Antón-Fernández, C, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arroyo, L, Avitabile, V, Aymard, GA, Baker, TR, Bałazy, R, Banki, O, Barroso, JG, Bastian, ML, Bastin, JF, Birigazzi, L, Birnbaum, P, Bitariho, R, Boeckx, P, Bongers, F, Bouriaud, O, Brancalion, PHS, Brandl, S, Brearley, FQ, Brienen, R, Broadbent, EN, Bruelheide, H, Bussotti, F, Gatti, RC, César, RG, Cesljar, G, Chazdon, R, Chen, HYH, Chisholm, C, Cho, H, Cienciala, E, Clark, C, Clark, D, Colletta, GD, Coomes, DA, Valverde, FC, Corral-Rivas, JJ, Crim, PM, Cumming, JR, Dayanandan, S, de Gasper, AL, Decuyper, M, Derroire, G, DeVries, B, Djordjevic, I, Dolezal, J, Dourdain, A, Obiang, NLE, Enquist, BJ, Eyre, TJ, Fandohan, AB, Fayle, TM, Feldpausch, TR, Ferreira, LV, Finér, L, Fischer, M, Fletcher, C, Fridman, J, Frizzera, L, Gamarra, JGP, Gianelle, D, Glick, HB, Harris, DJ, Hector, A, Hemp, A, Hengeveld, G, Hérault, B, Herbohn, JL, Herold, M, Zou, Y, Zohner, CM, Averill, C, Ma, H, Merder, J, Berdugo, M, Bialic-Murphy, L, Mo, L, Brun, P, Zimmermann, NE, Liang, J, de-Miguel, S, Nabuurs, GJ, Reich, PB, Niinements, U, Dahlgren, J, Kändler, G, Ratcliffe, S, Ruiz-Benito, P, de Zavala, MA, Crowther, TW, Abegg, M, Adou Yao, YC, Alberti, G, Almeyda Zambrano, AM, Alvarado, BV, Alvarez-Dávila, E, Alvarez-Loayza, P, Alves, LF, Ammer, C, Antón-Fernández, C, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arroyo, L, Avitabile, V, Aymard, GA, Baker, TR, Bałazy, R, Banki, O, Barroso, JG, Bastian, ML, Bastin, JF, Birigazzi, L, Birnbaum, P, Bitariho, R, Boeckx, P, Bongers, F, Bouriaud, O, Brancalion, PHS, Brandl, S, Brearley, FQ, Brienen, R, Broadbent, EN, Bruelheide, H, Bussotti, F, Gatti, RC, César, RG, Cesljar, G, Chazdon, R, Chen, HYH, Chisholm, C, Cho, H, Cienciala, E, Clark, C, Clark, D, Colletta, GD, Coomes, DA, Valverde, FC, Corral-Rivas, JJ, Crim, PM, Cumming, JR, Dayanandan, S, de Gasper, AL, Decuyper, M, Derroire, G, DeVries, B, Djordjevic, I, Dolezal, J, Dourdain, A, Obiang, NLE, Enquist, BJ, Eyre, TJ, Fandohan, AB, Fayle, TM, Feldpausch, TR, Ferreira, LV, Finér, L, Fischer, M, Fletcher, C, Fridman, J, Frizzera, L, Gamarra, JGP, Gianelle, D, Glick, HB, Harris, DJ, Hector, A, Hemp, A, Hengeveld, G, Hérault, B, Herbohn, JL, and Herold, M

Abstract

The emergence of alternative stable states in forest systems has significant implications for the functioning and structure of the terrestrial biosphere, yet empirical evidence remains scarce. Here, we combine global forest biodiversity observations and simulations to test for alternative stable states in the presence of evergreen and deciduous forest types. We reveal a bimodal distribution of forest leaf types across temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere that cannot be explained by the environment alone, suggesting signatures of alternative forest states. Moreover, we empirically demonstrate the existence of positive feedbacks in tree growth, recruitment and mortality, with trees having 4–43% higher growth rates, 14–17% higher survival rates and 4–7 times higher recruitment rates when they are surrounded by trees of their own leaf type. Simulations show that the observed positive feedbacks are necessary and sufficient to generate alternative forest states, which also lead to dependency on history (hysteresis) during ecosystem transition from evergreen to deciduous forests and vice versa. We identify hotspots of bistable forest types in evergreen-deciduous ecotones, which are likely driven by soil-related positive feedbacks. These findings are integral to predicting the distribution of forest biomes, and aid to our understanding of biodiversity, carbon turnover, and terrestrial climate feedbacks.

Published
2024

5. Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Author

Cooper, DLM, Lewis, SL, Sullivan, MJP, Prado, PI, ter Steege, H, Barbier, N, Slik, F, Sonké, B, Ewango, CEN, Adu-Bredu, S, Affum-Baffoe, K, de Aguiar, DPP, Reategui, MAA, Aiba, SI, Albuquerque, BW, Matos, FDD, Alonso, A, Amani, CA, do Amaral, DD, do Amaral, IL, Andrade, A, Miranda, IPD, Angoboy, IB, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arboleda, NC, Arroyo, L, Ashton, P, Aymard, CGA, Baider, C, Baker, TR, Balinga, MPB, Balslev, H, Banin, LF, Bánki, OS, Baraloto, C, Barbosa, EM, Barbosa, FR, Barlow, J, Bastin, JF, Beeckman, H, Begne, S, Bengone, NN, Berenguer, E, Berry, N, Bitariho, R, Boeckx, P, Bogaert, J, Bonyoma, B, Boundja, P, Bourland, N, Bosela, FB, Brambach, F, Brienen, R, Burslem, DFRP, Camargo, JL, Campelo, W, Cano, A, Cárdenas, S, López, DC, Carpanedo, RD, Márquez, YAC, Carvalho, FA, Casas, LF, Castellanos, H, Castilho, CV, Cerón, C, Chapman, CA, Chave, J, Chhang, P, Chutipong, W, Chuyong, GB, Cintra, BBL, Clark, CJ, de Souza, FC, Comiskey, JA, Coomes, DA, Valverde, FC, Correa, DF, Costa, FRC, Costa, JBP, Couteron, P, Culmsee, H, Cuni-Sanchez, A, Dallmeier, F, Damasco, G, Dauby, G, Dávila, N, Doza, HPD, De Alban, JDT, de Assis, RL, De Canniere, C, De Haulleville, T, Carim, MDV, Demarchi, LO, Dexter, KG, Di Fiore, A, Din, HHM, Disney, MI, Djiofack, BY, Djuikouo, MNK, Van Do, T, Doucet, JL, Draper, FC, Droissart, V, Duivenvoorden, JF, Engel, J, Estienne, V, Farfan-Rios, W, Fauset, S, Feeley, KJ, Feitosa, YO, Feldpausch, TR, Ferreira, C, Ferreira, J, Ferreira, LV, Fletcher, CD, Flores, BM, Fofanah, A, Foli, EG, Fonty, E, Fredriksson, GM, Fuentes, A, Galbraith, D, Gonzales, GPG, Garcia-Cabrera, K, García-Villacorta, R, Gomes, VHF, Gómez, RZ, Gonzales, T, Gribel, R, Guedes, MC, Guevara, JE, Hakeem, KR, Hall, JS, Hamer, KC, Harrison, RD, Harris, DJ, Hart, TB, Hector, A, Henkel, TW, Herbohn, J, Hockemba, MBN, Hoffman, B, Holmgren, M, Coronado, ENH, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I, Hubau, W, Imai, N, Irume, MV, Jansen, PA, Jeffery, KJ, Jimenez, EM, Jucker, T, Junqueira, AB, Kalamandeen, M, Kamdem, NG, Kartawinata, K, Yakusu, EK, Katembo, JM, Kearsley, E, Kenfack, D, Kessler, M, Khaing, TT, Killeen, TJ, Kitayama, K, Klitgaard, B, Labriere, N, Laumonier, Y, Laurance, SGW, Laurance, WF, Laurent, F, Le, TC, Leal, ME, Novo, EMLD, Levesley, A, Libalah, MB, Licona, JC, Lima, DD, Lindsell, JA, Lopes, A, Lopes, MA, Lovett, JC, Lowe, R, Lozada, JR, Lu, XH, Luambua, NK, Luize, BG, Maas, P, Magalhaes, JLL, Magnusson, WE, Mahayani, NPD, Makana, JR, Malhi, Y, Rincón, LM, Mansor, A, Manzatto, AG, Marimon, BS, Marimon, BH Jr, Marshall, AR, Martins, MP, Mbayu, FM, de Medeiros, MB, Mesones, I, Metali, F, Mihindou, V, Millet, J, Milliken, W, Mogollon, HF, Molino, JF, Said, MNM, Mendoza, AM, Montero, JC, Moore, S, Mostacedo, B, Pinto, LFM, Mukul, SA, Munishi, PKT, Nagamasu, H, Nascimento, HEM, Nascimento, MT, Neill, D, Nilus, R, Noronha, JC, Nsenga, L, Vargas, PN, Ojo, L, Oliveira, AA, de Oliveira, EA, Ondo, FE, Cuenca, WP, Pansini, S, Pansonato, MP, Paredes, MR, Paudel, E, Pauletto, D, Pearson, RG, Pena, JLM, Pennington, RT, Peres, CA, Permana, A, Petronelli, P, Mora, MCP, Phillips, JF, Phillips, OL, Pickavance, G, Piedade, MTF, Pitman, NCA, Ploton, P, Popelier, A, Poulsen, JR, Prieto, A, Primack, RB, Priyadi, H, Qie, L, Quaresma, AC, de Queiroz, HL, Ramirez-Angulo, H, Ramos, JF, Reis, NFC, Reitsma, J, Revilla, JDC, Riutta, T, Rivas-Torres, G, Robiansyah, I, Rocha, M, Rodrigues, DD, Rodriguez-Ronderos, ME, Rovero, F, Rozak, AH, Rudas, A, Rutishauser, E, Sabatier, D, Sagang, L, Sampaio, AF, Samsoedin, I, Satdichanh, M, Schietti, J, Schöngart, J, Scudeller, VV, Seuaturien, N, Sheil, D, Sierra, R, Silman, MR, Silva, TSF, Guimaraes, JRD, Simo-Droissart, M, Simon, MF, Sist, P, Sousa, TR, Farias, ED, Coelho, LD, Spracklen, DV, Stas, SM, Steinmetz, R, Stevenson, PR, Stropp, J, Sukri, RS, Sunderland, TCH, Suzuki, E, Swaine, MD, Tang, JW, Taplin, J, Taylor, DM, Tello, JS, Terborgh, J, Texier, N, Theilade, I, Thomas, DW, Thomas, R, Thomas, SC, Tirado, M, Toirambe, B, de Toledo, JJ, Tomlinson, KW, Torres-Lezama, A, Tran, HD, Mukendi, JT, Tumaneng, RD, Umaña, MN, Umunay, PM, Giraldo, LEU, Sandoval, EHV, Gamarra, LV, Van Andel, TR, van de Bult, M, van de Pol, J, van der Heijden, G, Vasquez, R, Vela, CIA, Venticinque, EM, Verbeeck, H, Veridiano, RKA, Vicentini, A, Vieira, ICG, Torre, EV, Villarroel, D, Zegarra, BEV, Vleminckx, J, von Hildebrand, P, Vos, VA, Vriesendorp, C, Webb, EL, White, LJT, Wich, S, Wittmann, F, Zagt, R, Zang, RG, Zartman, CE, Zemagho, L, Zent, EL, Zent, S, Cooper, DLM, Lewis, SL, Sullivan, MJP, Prado, PI, ter Steege, H, Barbier, N, Slik, F, Sonké, B, Ewango, CEN, Adu-Bredu, S, Affum-Baffoe, K, de Aguiar, DPP, Reategui, MAA, Aiba, SI, Albuquerque, BW, Matos, FDD, Alonso, A, Amani, CA, do Amaral, DD, do Amaral, IL, Andrade, A, Miranda, IPD, Angoboy, IB, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arboleda, NC, Arroyo, L, Ashton, P, Aymard, CGA, Baider, C, Baker, TR, Balinga, MPB, Balslev, H, Banin, LF, Bánki, OS, Baraloto, C, Barbosa, EM, Barbosa, FR, Barlow, J, Bastin, JF, Beeckman, H, Begne, S, Bengone, NN, Berenguer, E, Berry, N, Bitariho, R, Boeckx, P, Bogaert, J, Bonyoma, B, Boundja, P, Bourland, N, Bosela, FB, Brambach, F, Brienen, R, Burslem, DFRP, Camargo, JL, Campelo, W, Cano, A, Cárdenas, S, López, DC, Carpanedo, RD, Márquez, YAC, Carvalho, FA, Casas, LF, Castellanos, H, Castilho, CV, Cerón, C, Chapman, CA, Chave, J, Chhang, P, Chutipong, W, Chuyong, GB, Cintra, BBL, Clark, CJ, de Souza, FC, Comiskey, JA, Coomes, DA, Valverde, FC, Correa, DF, Costa, FRC, Costa, JBP, Couteron, P, Culmsee, H, Cuni-Sanchez, A, Dallmeier, F, Damasco, G, Dauby, G, Dávila, N, Doza, HPD, De Alban, JDT, de Assis, RL, De Canniere, C, De Haulleville, T, Carim, MDV, Demarchi, LO, Dexter, KG, Di Fiore, A, Din, HHM, Disney, MI, Djiofack, BY, Djuikouo, MNK, Van Do, T, Doucet, JL, Draper, FC, Droissart, V, Duivenvoorden, JF, Engel, J, Estienne, V, Farfan-Rios, W, Fauset, S, Feeley, KJ, Feitosa, YO, Feldpausch, TR, Ferreira, C, Ferreira, J, Ferreira, LV, Fletcher, CD, Flores, BM, Fofanah, A, Foli, EG, Fonty, E, Fredriksson, GM, Fuentes, A, Galbraith, D, Gonzales, GPG, Garcia-Cabrera, K, García-Villacorta, R, Gomes, VHF, Gómez, RZ, Gonzales, T, Gribel, R, Guedes, MC, Guevara, JE, Hakeem, KR, Hall, JS, Hamer, KC, Harrison, RD, Harris, DJ, Hart, TB, Hector, A, Henkel, TW, Herbohn, J, Hockemba, MBN, Hoffman, B, Holmgren, M, Coronado, ENH, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I, Hubau, W, Imai, N, Irume, MV, Jansen, PA, Jeffery, KJ, Jimenez, EM, Jucker, T, Junqueira, AB, Kalamandeen, M, Kamdem, NG, Kartawinata, K, Yakusu, EK, Katembo, JM, Kearsley, E, Kenfack, D, Kessler, M, Khaing, TT, Killeen, TJ, Kitayama, K, Klitgaard, B, Labriere, N, Laumonier, Y, Laurance, SGW, Laurance, WF, Laurent, F, Le, TC, Leal, ME, Novo, EMLD, Levesley, A, Libalah, MB, Licona, JC, Lima, DD, Lindsell, JA, Lopes, A, Lopes, MA, Lovett, JC, Lowe, R, Lozada, JR, Lu, XH, Luambua, NK, Luize, BG, Maas, P, Magalhaes, JLL, Magnusson, WE, Mahayani, NPD, Makana, JR, Malhi, Y, Rincón, LM, Mansor, A, Manzatto, AG, Marimon, BS, Marimon, BH Jr, Marshall, AR, Martins, MP, Mbayu, FM, de Medeiros, MB, Mesones, I, Metali, F, Mihindou, V, Millet, J, Milliken, W, Mogollon, HF, Molino, JF, Said, MNM, Mendoza, AM, Montero, JC, Moore, S, Mostacedo, B, Pinto, LFM, Mukul, SA, Munishi, PKT, Nagamasu, H, Nascimento, HEM, Nascimento, MT, Neill, D, Nilus, R, Noronha, JC, Nsenga, L, Vargas, PN, Ojo, L, Oliveira, AA, de Oliveira, EA, Ondo, FE, Cuenca, WP, Pansini, S, Pansonato, MP, Paredes, MR, Paudel, E, Pauletto, D, Pearson, RG, Pena, JLM, Pennington, RT, Peres, CA, Permana, A, Petronelli, P, Mora, MCP, Phillips, JF, Phillips, OL, Pickavance, G, Piedade, MTF, Pitman, NCA, Ploton, P, Popelier, A, Poulsen, JR, Prieto, A, Primack, RB, Priyadi, H, Qie, L, Quaresma, AC, de Queiroz, HL, Ramirez-Angulo, H, Ramos, JF, Reis, NFC, Reitsma, J, Revilla, JDC, Riutta, T, Rivas-Torres, G, Robiansyah, I, Rocha, M, Rodrigues, DD, Rodriguez-Ronderos, ME, Rovero, F, Rozak, AH, Rudas, A, Rutishauser, E, Sabatier, D, Sagang, L, Sampaio, AF, Samsoedin, I, Satdichanh, M, Schietti, J, Schöngart, J, Scudeller, VV, Seuaturien, N, Sheil, D, Sierra, R, Silman, MR, Silva, TSF, Guimaraes, JRD, Simo-Droissart, M, Simon, MF, Sist, P, Sousa, TR, Farias, ED, Coelho, LD, Spracklen, DV, Stas, SM, Steinmetz, R, Stevenson, PR, Stropp, J, Sukri, RS, Sunderland, TCH, Suzuki, E, Swaine, MD, Tang, JW, Taplin, J, Taylor, DM, Tello, JS, Terborgh, J, Texier, N, Theilade, I, Thomas, DW, Thomas, R, Thomas, SC, Tirado, M, Toirambe, B, de Toledo, JJ, Tomlinson, KW, Torres-Lezama, A, Tran, HD, Mukendi, JT, Tumaneng, RD, Umaña, MN, Umunay, PM, Giraldo, LEU, Sandoval, EHV, Gamarra, LV, Van Andel, TR, van de Bult, M, van de Pol, J, van der Heijden, G, Vasquez, R, Vela, CIA, Venticinque, EM, Verbeeck, H, Veridiano, RKA, Vicentini, A, Vieira, ICG, Torre, EV, Villarroel, D, Zegarra, BEV, Vleminckx, J, von Hildebrand, P, Vos, VA, Vriesendorp, C, Webb, EL, White, LJT, Wich, S, Wittmann, F, Zagt, R, Zang, RG, Zartman, CE, Zemagho, L, Zent, EL, and Zent, S

Abstract

Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations 1–6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories 7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.

Published
2024

6. Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Cooper, DLM, Lewis, SL, Sullivan, MJP, Prado, PI, ter Steege, H, Barbier, N, Slik, F, Sonké, B, Ewango, CEN, Adu-Bredu, S, Affum-Baffoe, K, de Aguiar, DPP, Reategui, MAA, Aiba, SI, Albuquerque, BW, Matos, FDD, Alonso, A, Amani, CA, do Amaral, DD, do Amaral, IL, Andrade, A, Miranda, IPD, Angoboy, IB, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arboleda, NC, Arroyo, L, Ashton, P, Aymard, CGA, Baider, C, Baker, TR, Balinga, MPB, Balslev, H, Banin, LF, Bánki, OS, Baraloto, C, Barbosa, EM, Barbosa, FR, Barlow, J, Bastin, JF, Beeckman, H, Begne, S, Bengone, NN, Berenguer, E, Berry, N, Bitariho, R, Boeckx, P, Bogaert, J, Bonyoma, B, Boundja, P, Bourland, N, Bosela, FB, Brambach, F, Brienen, R, Burslem, DFRP, Camargo, JL, Campelo, W, Cano, A, Cárdenas, S, López, DC, Carpanedo, RD, Márquez, YAC, Carvalho, FA, Casas, LF, Castellanos, H, Castilho, CV, Cerón, C, Chapman, CA, Chave, J, Chhang, P, Chutipong, W, Chuyong, GB, Cintra, BBL, Clark, CJ, de Souza, FC, Comiskey, JA, Coomes, DA, Valverde, FC, Correa, DF, Costa, FRC, Costa, JBP, Couteron, P, Culmsee, H, Cuni-Sanchez, A, Dallmeier, F, Damasco, G, Dauby, G, Dávila, N, Doza, HPD, De Alban, JDT, de Assis, RL, De Canniere, C, De Haulleville, T, Carim, MDV, Demarchi, LO, Dexter, KG, Di Fiore, A, Din, HHM, Disney, MI, Djiofack, BY, Djuikouo, MNK, Van Do, T, Doucet, JL, Draper, FC, Droissart, V, Duivenvoorden, JF, Engel, J, Estienne, V, Farfan-Rios, W, Fauset, S, Feeley, KJ, Feitosa, YO, Feldpausch, TR, Ferreira, C, Ferreira, J, Ferreira, LV, Fletcher, CD, Flores, BM, Fofanah, A, Foli, EG, Fonty, E, Fredriksson, GM, Fuentes, A, Galbraith, D, Gonzales, GPG, Garcia-Cabrera, K, García-Villacorta, R, Gomes, VHF, Gómez, RZ, Gonzales, T, Gribel, R, Guedes, MC, Guevara, JE, Hakeem, KR, Hall, JS, Hamer, KC, Harrison, RD, Harris, DJ, Hart, TB, Hector, A, Henkel, TW, Herbohn, J, Hockemba, MBN, Hoffman, B, Holmgren, M, Coronado, ENH, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I, Hubau, W, Imai, N, Irume, MV, Jansen, PA, Jeffery, KJ, Jimenez, EM, Jucker, T, Junqueira, AB, Kalamandeen, M, Kamdem, NG, Kartawinata, K, Yakusu, EK, Katembo, JM, Kearsley, E, Kenfack, D, Kessler, M, Khaing, TT, Killeen, TJ, Kitayama, K, Klitgaard, B, Labriere, N, Laumonier, Y, Laurance, SGW, Laurance, WF, Laurent, F, Le, TC, Leal, ME, Novo, EMLD, Levesley, A, Libalah, MB, Licona, JC, Lima, DD, Lindsell, JA, Lopes, A, Lopes, MA, Lovett, JC, Lowe, R, Lozada, JR, Lu, XH, Luambua, NK, Luize, BG, Maas, P, Magalhaes, JLL, Magnusson, WE, Mahayani, NPD, Makana, JR, Malhi, Y, Rincón, LM, Mansor, A, Manzatto, AG, Marimon, BS, Marimon, BH Jr, Marshall, AR, Martins, MP, Mbayu, FM, de Medeiros, MB, Mesones, I, Metali, F, Mihindou, V, Millet, J, Milliken, W, Mogollon, HF, Molino, JF, Said, MNM, Mendoza, AM, Montero, JC, Moore, S, Mostacedo, B, Pinto, LFM, Mukul, SA, Munishi, PKT, Nagamasu, H, Nascimento, HEM, Nascimento, MT, Neill, D, Nilus, R, Noronha, JC, Nsenga, L, Vargas, PN, Ojo, L, Oliveira, AA, de Oliveira, EA, Ondo, FE, Cuenca, WP, Pansini, S, Pansonato, MP, Paredes, MR, Paudel, E, Pauletto, D, Pearson, RG, Pena, JLM, Pennington, RT, Peres, CA, Permana, A, Petronelli, P, Mora, MCP, Phillips, JF, Phillips, OL, Pickavance, G, Piedade, MTF, Pitman, NCA, Ploton, P, Popelier, A, Poulsen, JR, Prieto, A, Primack, RB, Priyadi, H, Qie, L, Quaresma, AC, de Queiroz, HL, Ramirez-Angulo, H, Ramos, JF, Reis, NFC, Reitsma, J, Revilla, JDC, Riutta, T, Rivas-Torres, G, Robiansyah, I, Rocha, M, Rodrigues, DD, Rodriguez-Ronderos, ME, Rovero, F, Rozak, AH, Rudas, A, Rutishauser, E, Sabatier, D, Sagang, L, Sampaio, AF, Samsoedin, I, Satdichanh, M, Schietti, J, Schöngart, J, Scudeller, VV, Seuaturien, N, Sheil, D, Sierra, R, Silman, MR, Silva, TSF, Guimaraes, JRD, Simo-Droissart, M, Simon, MF, Sist, P, Sousa, TR, Farias, ED, Coelho, LD, Spracklen, DV, Stas, SM, Steinmetz, R, Stevenson, PR, Stropp, J, Sukri, RS, Sunderland, TCH, Suzuki, E, Swaine, MD, Tang, JW, Taplin, J, Taylor, DM, Tello, JS, Terborgh, J, Texier, N, Theilade, I, Thomas, DW, Thomas, R, Thomas, SC, Tirado, M, Toirambe, B, de Toledo, JJ, Tomlinson, KW, Torres-Lezama, A, Tran, HD, Mukendi, JT, Tumaneng, RD, Umaña, MN, Umunay, PM, Giraldo, LEU, Sandoval, EHV, Gamarra, LV, Van Andel, TR, van de Bult, M, van de Pol, J, van der Heijden, G, Vasquez, R, Vela, CIA, Venticinque, EM, Verbeeck, H, Veridiano, RKA, Vicentini, A, Vieira, ICG, Torre, EV, Villarroel, D, Zegarra, BEV, Vleminckx, J, von Hildebrand, P, Vos, VA, Vriesendorp, C, Webb, EL, White, LJT, Wich, S, Wittmann, F, Zagt, R, Zang, RG, Zartman, CE, Zemagho, L, Zent, EL, Zent, S, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Cooper, DLM, Lewis, SL, Sullivan, MJP, Prado, PI, ter Steege, H, Barbier, N, Slik, F, Sonké, B, Ewango, CEN, Adu-Bredu, S, Affum-Baffoe, K, de Aguiar, DPP, Reategui, MAA, Aiba, SI, Albuquerque, BW, Matos, FDD, Alonso, A, Amani, CA, do Amaral, DD, do Amaral, IL, Andrade, A, Miranda, IPD, Angoboy, IB, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arboleda, NC, Arroyo, L, Ashton, P, Aymard, CGA, Baider, C, Baker, TR, Balinga, MPB, Balslev, H, Banin, LF, Bánki, OS, Baraloto, C, Barbosa, EM, Barbosa, FR, Barlow, J, Bastin, JF, Beeckman, H, Begne, S, Bengone, NN, Berenguer, E, Berry, N, Bitariho, R, Boeckx, P, Bogaert, J, Bonyoma, B, Boundja, P, Bourland, N, Bosela, FB, Brambach, F, Brienen, R, Burslem, DFRP, Camargo, JL, Campelo, W, Cano, A, Cárdenas, S, López, DC, Carpanedo, RD, Márquez, YAC, Carvalho, FA, Casas, LF, Castellanos, H, Castilho, CV, Cerón, C, Chapman, CA, Chave, J, Chhang, P, Chutipong, W, Chuyong, GB, Cintra, BBL, Clark, CJ, de Souza, FC, Comiskey, JA, Coomes, DA, Valverde, FC, Correa, DF, Costa, FRC, Costa, JBP, Couteron, P, Culmsee, H, Cuni-Sanchez, A, Dallmeier, F, Damasco, G, Dauby, G, Dávila, N, Doza, HPD, De Alban, JDT, de Assis, RL, De Canniere, C, De Haulleville, T, Carim, MDV, Demarchi, LO, Dexter, KG, Di Fiore, A, Din, HHM, Disney, MI, Djiofack, BY, Djuikouo, MNK, Van Do, T, Doucet, JL, Draper, FC, Droissart, V, Duivenvoorden, JF, Engel, J, Estienne, V, Farfan-Rios, W, Fauset, S, Feeley, KJ, Feitosa, YO, Feldpausch, TR, Ferreira, C, Ferreira, J, Ferreira, LV, Fletcher, CD, Flores, BM, Fofanah, A, Foli, EG, Fonty, E, Fredriksson, GM, Fuentes, A, Galbraith, D, Gonzales, GPG, Garcia-Cabrera, K, García-Villacorta, R, Gomes, VHF, Gómez, RZ, Gonzales, T, Gribel, R, Guedes, MC, Guevara, JE, Hakeem, KR, Hall, JS, Hamer, KC, Harrison, RD, Harris, DJ, Hart, TB, Hector, A, Henkel, TW, Herbohn, J, Hockemba, MBN, Hoffman, B, Holmgren, M, Coronado, ENH, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I, Hubau, W, Imai, N, Irume, MV, Jansen, PA, Jeffery, KJ, Jimenez, EM, Jucker, T, Junqueira, AB, Kalamandeen, M, Kamdem, NG, Kartawinata, K, Yakusu, EK, Katembo, JM, Kearsley, E, Kenfack, D, Kessler, M, Khaing, TT, Killeen, TJ, Kitayama, K, Klitgaard, B, Labriere, N, Laumonier, Y, Laurance, SGW, Laurance, WF, Laurent, F, Le, TC, Leal, ME, Novo, EMLD, Levesley, A, Libalah, MB, Licona, JC, Lima, DD, Lindsell, JA, Lopes, A, Lopes, MA, Lovett, JC, Lowe, R, Lozada, JR, Lu, XH, Luambua, NK, Luize, BG, Maas, P, Magalhaes, JLL, Magnusson, WE, Mahayani, NPD, Makana, JR, Malhi, Y, Rincón, LM, Mansor, A, Manzatto, AG, Marimon, BS, Marimon, BH Jr, Marshall, AR, Martins, MP, Mbayu, FM, de Medeiros, MB, Mesones, I, Metali, F, Mihindou, V, Millet, J, Milliken, W, Mogollon, HF, Molino, JF, Said, MNM, Mendoza, AM, Montero, JC, Moore, S, Mostacedo, B, Pinto, LFM, Mukul, SA, Munishi, PKT, Nagamasu, H, Nascimento, HEM, Nascimento, MT, Neill, D, Nilus, R, Noronha, JC, Nsenga, L, Vargas, PN, Ojo, L, Oliveira, AA, de Oliveira, EA, Ondo, FE, Cuenca, WP, Pansini, S, Pansonato, MP, Paredes, MR, Paudel, E, Pauletto, D, Pearson, RG, Pena, JLM, Pennington, RT, Peres, CA, Permana, A, Petronelli, P, Mora, MCP, Phillips, JF, Phillips, OL, Pickavance, G, Piedade, MTF, Pitman, NCA, Ploton, P, Popelier, A, Poulsen, JR, Prieto, A, Primack, RB, Priyadi, H, Qie, L, Quaresma, AC, de Queiroz, HL, Ramirez-Angulo, H, Ramos, JF, Reis, NFC, Reitsma, J, Revilla, JDC, Riutta, T, Rivas-Torres, G, Robiansyah, I, Rocha, M, Rodrigues, DD, Rodriguez-Ronderos, ME, Rovero, F, Rozak, AH, Rudas, A, Rutishauser, E, Sabatier, D, Sagang, L, Sampaio, AF, Samsoedin, I, Satdichanh, M, Schietti, J, Schöngart, J, Scudeller, VV, Seuaturien, N, Sheil, D, Sierra, R, Silman, MR, Silva, TSF, Guimaraes, JRD, Simo-Droissart, M, Simon, MF, Sist, P, Sousa, TR, Farias, ED, Coelho, LD, Spracklen, DV, Stas, SM, Steinmetz, R, Stevenson, PR, Stropp, J, Sukri, RS, Sunderland, TCH, Suzuki, E, Swaine, MD, Tang, JW, Taplin, J, Taylor, DM, Tello, JS, Terborgh, J, Texier, N, Theilade, I, Thomas, DW, Thomas, R, Thomas, SC, Tirado, M, Toirambe, B, de Toledo, JJ, Tomlinson, KW, Torres-Lezama, A, Tran, HD, Mukendi, JT, Tumaneng, RD, Umaña, MN, Umunay, PM, Giraldo, LEU, Sandoval, EHV, Gamarra, LV, Van Andel, TR, van de Bult, M, van de Pol, J, van der Heijden, G, Vasquez, R, Vela, CIA, Venticinque, EM, Verbeeck, H, Veridiano, RKA, Vicentini, A, Vieira, ICG, Torre, EV, Villarroel, D, Zegarra, BEV, Vleminckx, J, von Hildebrand, P, Vos, VA, Vriesendorp, C, Webb, EL, White, LJT, Wich, S, Wittmann, F, Zagt, R, Zang, RG, Zartman, CE, Zemagho, L, Zent, EL, and Zent, S

Published
2024

7. From fear of falling to choking under pressure: A predictive processing perspective of disrupted motor control under anxiety

Author

Harris, DJ, Wilkinson, S, and Ellmers, TJ

Subjects
Behavioral Neuroscience, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience
Abstract

Under the Predictive Processing Framework, perception is guided by internal models that map the probabilistic relationship between sensory states and their causes. Predictive processing has contributed to a new understanding of both emotional states and motor control but is yet to be fully applied to their interaction during the breakdown of motor movements under heightened anxiety or threat. We bring together literature on anxiety and motor control to propose that predictive processing provides a unifying principle for understanding motor breakdowns as a disruption to the neuromodulatory control mechanisms that regulate the interactions of top-down predictions and bottom-up sensory signals. We illustrate this account using examples from disrupted balance and gait in populations who are anxious/fearful of falling, as well as ‘choking’ in elite sport. This approach can explain both rigid and inflexible movement strategies, as well as highly variable and imprecise action and conscious movement processing, and may also unite the apparently opposing self-focus and distraction approaches to choking. We generate predictions to guide future work and propose practical recommendations.

Published
2023
Full Text
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8. The number of tree species on Earth

Author

Gatti, RC, Reich, PB, Gamarra, JGP, Crowther, T, Hui, C, Morera, A, Bastin, JF, de-Miguel, S, Nabuurs, GJ, Svenning, JC, Serra-Diaz, JM, Merow, C, Enquist, B, Kamenetsky, M, Lee, J, Zhu, J, Fang, J, Jacobs, DF, Pijanowski, B, Banerjee, A, Giaquinto, RA, Alberti, G, Zambrano, AMA, Alvarez-Davila, E, Araujo-Murakami, A, Avitabile, V, Aymard, GA, Balazy, R, Baraloto, C, Barroso, JG, Bastian, ML, Birnbaum, P, Bitariho, R, Bogaert, J, Bongers, F, Bouriaud, O, Brancalion, PHS, Brearley, FQ, Broadbent, EN, Bussotti, F, da Silva, WC, César, RG, Češljar, G, Moscoso, VC, Chen, HYH, Cienciala, E, Clark, CJ, Coomes, DA, Dayanandan, S, Decuyper, M, Dee, LE, Del Aguila Pasquel, J, Derroire, G, Djuikouo, MNK, van Do, T, Dolezal, J, Đorđevic, I, Engel, J, Fayle, TM, Feldpausch, TR, Fridman, JK, Harris, DJ, Hemp, A, Hengeveld, G, Herault, B, Herold, M, Ibanez, T, Jagodzinski, AM, Jaroszewicz, B, Jeffery, KJ, Johannsen, VK, Jucker, T, Kangur, A, Karminov, VN, Kartawinata, K, Kennard, DK, Kepfer-Rojas, S, Keppel, G, Khan, ML, Khare, PK, Kileen, TJ, Kim, HS, Korjus, H, Kumar, A, Laarmann, D, Labrière, N, Lang, M, Lewis, SL, Lukina, N, Maitner, BS, Malhi, Y, Marshall, AR, Martynenko, OV, Monteagudo Mendoza, AL, Ontikov, PV, Ortiz-Malavasi, E, Pallqui Camacho, NC, Paquette, A, Park, M, Gatti, RC, Reich, PB, Gamarra, JGP, Crowther, T, Hui, C, Morera, A, Bastin, JF, de-Miguel, S, Nabuurs, GJ, Svenning, JC, Serra-Diaz, JM, Merow, C, Enquist, B, Kamenetsky, M, Lee, J, Zhu, J, Fang, J, Jacobs, DF, Pijanowski, B, Banerjee, A, Giaquinto, RA, Alberti, G, Zambrano, AMA, Alvarez-Davila, E, Araujo-Murakami, A, Avitabile, V, Aymard, GA, Balazy, R, Baraloto, C, Barroso, JG, Bastian, ML, Birnbaum, P, Bitariho, R, Bogaert, J, Bongers, F, Bouriaud, O, Brancalion, PHS, Brearley, FQ, Broadbent, EN, Bussotti, F, da Silva, WC, César, RG, Češljar, G, Moscoso, VC, Chen, HYH, Cienciala, E, Clark, CJ, Coomes, DA, Dayanandan, S, Decuyper, M, Dee, LE, Del Aguila Pasquel, J, Derroire, G, Djuikouo, MNK, van Do, T, Dolezal, J, Đorđevic, I, Engel, J, Fayle, TM, Feldpausch, TR, Fridman, JK, Harris, DJ, Hemp, A, Hengeveld, G, Herault, B, Herold, M, Ibanez, T, Jagodzinski, AM, Jaroszewicz, B, Jeffery, KJ, Johannsen, VK, Jucker, T, Kangur, A, Karminov, VN, Kartawinata, K, Kennard, DK, Kepfer-Rojas, S, Keppel, G, Khan, ML, Khare, PK, Kileen, TJ, Kim, HS, Korjus, H, Kumar, A, Laarmann, D, Labrière, N, Lang, M, Lewis, SL, Lukina, N, Maitner, BS, Malhi, Y, Marshall, AR, Martynenko, OV, Monteagudo Mendoza, AL, Ontikov, PV, Ortiz-Malavasi, E, Pallqui Camacho, NC, Paquette, A, and Park, M

Abstract

One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many species inhabit the Earth. However, due to massive logistical and financial challenges and taxonomic difficulties connected to the species concept definition, the global numbers of species, including those of important and well-studied life forms such as trees, still remain largely unknown. Here, based on global ground-sourced data, we estimate the total tree species richness at global, continental, and biome levels. Our results indicate that there are ∼73,000 tree species globally, among which ∼9,000 tree species are yet to be discovered. Roughly 40% of undiscovered tree species are in South America. Moreover, almost one-third of all tree species to be discovered may be rare, with very low populations and limited spatial distribution (likely in remote tropical lowlands and mountains). These findings highlight the vulnerability of global forest biodiversity to anthropogenic changes in land use and climate, which disproportionately threaten rare species and thus, global tree richness.

Published
2022

10. Conservation status of the world's skinks (Scincidae): Taxonomic and geographic patterns in extinction risk

Author

Chapple, DG, Roll, U, Boehm, M, Aguilar, R, Amey, AP, Austin, CC, Baling, M, Barley, AJ, Bates, MF, Bauer, AM, Blackburn, DG, Bowles, P, Brown, RM, Chandramouli, SR, Chirio, L, Cogger, H, Colli, GR, Conradie, W, Couper, PJ, Cowan, MA, Craig, MD, Das, I, Datta-Roy, A, Dickman, CR, Ellis, RJ, Fenner, AL, Ford, S, Ganesh, SR, Gardner, MG, Geissler, P, Gillespie, GR, Glaw, F, Greenlees, MJ, Griffith, OW, Grismer, LL, Haines, ML, Harris, DJ, Hedges, SB, Hitchmough, RA, Hoskin, CJ, Hutchinson, MN, Ineich, I, Janssen, J, Johnston, GR, Karin, BR, Keogh, JS, Kraus, F, LeBreton, M, Lymberakis, P, Masroor, R, McDonald, PJ, Mecke, S, Melville, J, Melzer, S, Michael, DR, Miralles, A, Mitchell, NJ, Nelson, NJ, Nguyen, TQ, Nogueira, CDC, Ota, H, Pafilis, P, Pauwels, OSG, Perera, A, Pincheira-Donoso, D, Reed, RN, Ribeiro-Junior, MA, Riley, JL, Rocha, S, Rutherford, PL, Sadlier, RA, Shacham, B, Shea, GM, Shine, R, Slavenko, A, Stow, A, Sumner, J, Tallowin, OJS, Teale, R, Torres-Carvajal, O, Trape, J-F, Uetz, P, Ukuwela, KDB, Valentine, L, Dyke, JUV, van Winkel, D, Vasconcelos, R, Vences, M, Wagner, P, Wapstra, E, While, GM, Whiting, MJ, Whittington, CM, Wilson, S, Ziegler, T, Tingley, R, Meiri, S, Chapple, DG, Roll, U, Boehm, M, Aguilar, R, Amey, AP, Austin, CC, Baling, M, Barley, AJ, Bates, MF, Bauer, AM, Blackburn, DG, Bowles, P, Brown, RM, Chandramouli, SR, Chirio, L, Cogger, H, Colli, GR, Conradie, W, Couper, PJ, Cowan, MA, Craig, MD, Das, I, Datta-Roy, A, Dickman, CR, Ellis, RJ, Fenner, AL, Ford, S, Ganesh, SR, Gardner, MG, Geissler, P, Gillespie, GR, Glaw, F, Greenlees, MJ, Griffith, OW, Grismer, LL, Haines, ML, Harris, DJ, Hedges, SB, Hitchmough, RA, Hoskin, CJ, Hutchinson, MN, Ineich, I, Janssen, J, Johnston, GR, Karin, BR, Keogh, JS, Kraus, F, LeBreton, M, Lymberakis, P, Masroor, R, McDonald, PJ, Mecke, S, Melville, J, Melzer, S, Michael, DR, Miralles, A, Mitchell, NJ, Nelson, NJ, Nguyen, TQ, Nogueira, CDC, Ota, H, Pafilis, P, Pauwels, OSG, Perera, A, Pincheira-Donoso, D, Reed, RN, Ribeiro-Junior, MA, Riley, JL, Rocha, S, Rutherford, PL, Sadlier, RA, Shacham, B, Shea, GM, Shine, R, Slavenko, A, Stow, A, Sumner, J, Tallowin, OJS, Teale, R, Torres-Carvajal, O, Trape, J-F, Uetz, P, Ukuwela, KDB, Valentine, L, Dyke, JUV, van Winkel, D, Vasconcelos, R, Vences, M, Wagner, P, Wapstra, E, While, GM, Whiting, MJ, Whittington, CM, Wilson, S, Ziegler, T, Tingley, R, and Meiri, S

Published
2021

11. Three principles for the progress of immersive technologies in healthcare training and education

Author

Mathew, RK, Mushtaq, F, Ahmed, S, Ahmed, K, Anderton, LK, Arnab, S, Awais, M, Badger, JR, Bajwa, KS, Baraas, RC, Benn, J, Bernabe, RDLC, Betmouni, S, Biyani, CS, Bolton, WS, Brookes, J, Buckingham, G, Christian, M, Coates, RO, Corcoran, RP, Cosentino, F, Cowie, D, Cukurova, M, Culmer, P, Davidson, CA, Dubey, VN, El Shehaly, M, Fleming, S, Friedland, R, Frith, GS, Garcia, L, Gibbs, A, Glennerster, A, Goss, SP, Harris, DJ, Hiley, KE, Hill, LJB, Holmes, M, Holt, R, Jackson, AE, Jung, TH, Kapur, N, Karim, JS, Kashani, RM, Keeling, AJ, Kerrin, MT, Knowles-Lee, M, Lewington, A, Lodge, JPA, Logeswaran, A, Loizou, M, Luckin, R, McDonnel, N, McKendrick, M, McLeod, G, Mir, R, Mitchell, ARJ, Mon-Williams, MA, Morehead, JR, Munsch, C, Nestel, D, Newbery-Jones, CJ, Osnes, C, Pears, MJ, Peebles, D, Philpott, C, Pike, TW, Price, R, Racy, M, Ralph, N, Roberts, T, Rossit, S, Sabir, FRN, Saleh, GM, Sevdalis, N, Sheppard, WEA, Shiralkar, U, Songhurst, MT, Spearpoint, K, Thompson, R, Tomlinson, J, Vine, SJ, Watts, S, West, A, Wilkie, RM, Williams, RA, Wilson, M, Yiasemidou, M, Young, WR, Mathew, RK, Mushtaq, F, Ahmed, S, Ahmed, K, Anderton, LK, Arnab, S, Awais, M, Badger, JR, Bajwa, KS, Baraas, RC, Benn, J, Bernabe, RDLC, Betmouni, S, Biyani, CS, Bolton, WS, Brookes, J, Buckingham, G, Christian, M, Coates, RO, Corcoran, RP, Cosentino, F, Cowie, D, Cukurova, M, Culmer, P, Davidson, CA, Dubey, VN, El Shehaly, M, Fleming, S, Friedland, R, Frith, GS, Garcia, L, Gibbs, A, Glennerster, A, Goss, SP, Harris, DJ, Hiley, KE, Hill, LJB, Holmes, M, Holt, R, Jackson, AE, Jung, TH, Kapur, N, Karim, JS, Kashani, RM, Keeling, AJ, Kerrin, MT, Knowles-Lee, M, Lewington, A, Lodge, JPA, Logeswaran, A, Loizou, M, Luckin, R, McDonnel, N, McKendrick, M, McLeod, G, Mir, R, Mitchell, ARJ, Mon-Williams, MA, Morehead, JR, Munsch, C, Nestel, D, Newbery-Jones, CJ, Osnes, C, Pears, MJ, Peebles, D, Philpott, C, Pike, TW, Price, R, Racy, M, Ralph, N, Roberts, T, Rossit, S, Sabir, FRN, Saleh, GM, Sevdalis, N, Sheppard, WEA, Shiralkar, U, Songhurst, MT, Spearpoint, K, Thompson, R, Tomlinson, J, Vine, SJ, Watts, S, West, A, Wilkie, RM, Williams, RA, Wilson, M, Yiasemidou, M, and Young, WR

Published
2021

12. Phylogenetic classification of the world's tropical forests

Author

Slik, JWF, Franklin, J, Arroyo-Rodríguez, V, Field, R, Aguilar, S, Aguirre, N, Ahumada, J, Aiba, SI, Alves, LF, Anitha, K, Avella, A, Mora, F, Aymard, GAC, Báez, S, Balvanera, P, Bastian, ML, Bastin, JF, Bellingham, PJ, Van Den Berg, E, Da Conceição Bispo, P, Boeckx, P, Boehning-Gaese, K, Bongers, F, Boyle, B, Brambach, F, Brearley, FQ, Brown, S, Chai, SL, Chazdon, RL, Chen, S, Chhang, P, Chuyong, G, Ewango, C, Coronado, IM, Cristóbal-Azkarate, J, Culmsee, H, Damas, K, Dattaraja, HS, Davidar, P, DeWalt, SJ, DIn, H, Drake, DR, Duque, A, Durigan, G, Eichhorn, K, Eler, ES, Enoki, T, Ensslin, A, Fandohan, AB, Farwig, N, Feeley, KJ, Fischer, M, Forshed, O, Garcia, QS, Garkoti, SC, Gillespie, TW, Gillet, JF, Gonmadje, C, Granzow-De La Cerda, I, Griffith, DM, Grogan, J, Hakeem, KR, Harris, DJ, Harrison, RD, Hector, A, Hemp, A, Homeier, J, Hussain, MS, Ibarra-Manríquez, G, Hanum, IF, Imai, N, Jansen, PA, Joly, CA, Joseph, S, Kartawinata, K, Kearsley, E, Kelly, DL, Kessler, M, Killeen, TJ, Kooyman, RM, Laumonier, Y, Laurance, SG, Laurance, WF, Lawes, MJ, Letcher, SG, Lindsell, J, Lovett, J, Lozada, J, Lu, X, Lykke, AM, Bin Mahmud, K, Mahayani, NPD, Slik, JWF, Franklin, J, Arroyo-Rodríguez, V, Field, R, Aguilar, S, Aguirre, N, Ahumada, J, Aiba, SI, Alves, LF, Anitha, K, Avella, A, Mora, F, Aymard, GAC, Báez, S, Balvanera, P, Bastian, ML, Bastin, JF, Bellingham, PJ, Van Den Berg, E, Da Conceição Bispo, P, Boeckx, P, Boehning-Gaese, K, Bongers, F, Boyle, B, Brambach, F, Brearley, FQ, Brown, S, Chai, SL, Chazdon, RL, Chen, S, Chhang, P, Chuyong, G, Ewango, C, Coronado, IM, Cristóbal-Azkarate, J, Culmsee, H, Damas, K, Dattaraja, HS, Davidar, P, DeWalt, SJ, DIn, H, Drake, DR, Duque, A, Durigan, G, Eichhorn, K, Eler, ES, Enoki, T, Ensslin, A, Fandohan, AB, Farwig, N, Feeley, KJ, Fischer, M, Forshed, O, Garcia, QS, Garkoti, SC, Gillespie, TW, Gillet, JF, Gonmadje, C, Granzow-De La Cerda, I, Griffith, DM, Grogan, J, Hakeem, KR, Harris, DJ, Harrison, RD, Hector, A, Hemp, A, Homeier, J, Hussain, MS, Ibarra-Manríquez, G, Hanum, IF, Imai, N, Jansen, PA, Joly, CA, Joseph, S, Kartawinata, K, Kearsley, E, Kelly, DL, Kessler, M, Killeen, TJ, Kooyman, RM, Laumonier, Y, Laurance, SG, Laurance, WF, Lawes, MJ, Letcher, SG, Lindsell, J, Lovett, J, Lozada, J, Lu, X, Lykke, AM, Bin Mahmud, K, and Mahayani, NPD

Abstract

© 2017 IEEE. Knowledge about the biogeographic affinities of the world's tropical forests helps to better understand regional differences in forest structure, diversity, composition, and dynamics. Such understanding will enable anticipation of region-specific responses to global environmental change. Modern phylogenies, in combination with broad coverage of species inventory data, now allow for global biogeographic analyses that take species evolutionary distance into account. Here we present a classification of the world's tropical forests based on their phylogenetic similarity. We identify five principal floristic regions and their floristic relationships: (i) Indo-Pacific, (ii) Subtropical, (iii) African, (iv) American, and (v) Dry forests. Our results do not support the traditional neo- versus paleotropical forest division but instead separate the combined American and African forests from their Indo-Pacific counterparts. We also find indications for the existence of a global dry forest region, with representatives in America, Africa, Madagascar, and India. Additionally, a northern-hemisphere Subtropical forest region was identified with representatives in Asia and America, providing support for a link between Asian and American northernhemisphere forests.

Published
2018

14. The taxonomy and phylogenetic position of Thomandersia

Author

Wortley, AH, Harris, DJ, and Scotland, RW

Abstract

The taxonomy and phylogenetic position of Thomandersia were investigated through a comprehensive study of herbarium specimens and analyses of DNA sequence and non-sequence data. Phylogenetic analysis of all available evidence placed Thomandersia within Lamiales but outside Acanthaceae, the family in which it has traditionally been classified. Moreover, Thomandersia is shown to be a morphologically distinct clade, lying outside all currently circumscribed families of Lamiales. We therefore propose resurrection of family Thomandersiaceae. Phylogenetic analyses provide moderate support for a sister group relationship between Thomandersiaceae and Schlegeliaceae. In addition, the morphological variation within and between species is described and six species are recognized. A new taxonomic treatment of these six species, including an improved key, descriptions, illustrations and distribution maps, is provided. © Copyright 2007 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists.

Published
2016

15. Diversity and carbon storage across the tropical forest biome

Author

Sullivan, MJP, Talbot, J, Lewis, SL, Phillips, OL, Qie, L, Begne, SK, Chave, J, Cuni-Sanchez, A, Hubau, W, Lopez-Gonzalez, G, Miles, L, Monteagudo-Mendoza, A, Sonké, B, Sunderland, T, Ter Steege, H, White, LJT, Affum-Baffoe, K, Aiba, SI, De Almeida, EC, De Oliveira, EA, Alvarez-Loayza, P, Dávila, EÁ, Andrade, A, Aragão, LEOC, Ashton, P, Aymard, GA, Baker, TR, Balinga, M, Banin, LF, Baraloto, C, Bastin, JF, Berry, N, Bogaert, J, Bonal, D, Bongers, F, Brienen, R, Camargo, JLC, Cerón, C, Moscoso, VC, Chezeaux, E, Clark, CJ, Pacheco, ÁC, Comiskey, JA, Valverde, FC, Coronado, ENH, Dargie, G, Davies, SJ, De Canniere, C, Djuikouo, MN, Doucet, JL, Erwin, TL, Espejo, JS, Ewango, CEN, Fauset, S, Feldpausch, TR, Herrera, R, Gilpin, M, Gloor, E, Hall, JS, Harris, DJ, Hart, TB, Kartawinata, K, Kho, LK, Kitayama, K, Laurance, SGW, Laurance, WF, Leal, ME, Lovejoy, T, Lovett, JC, Lukasu, FM, Makana, JR, Malhi, Y, Maracahipes, L, Marimon, BS, Junior, BHM, Marshall, AR, Morandi, PS, Mukendi, JT, Mukinzi, J, Nilus, R, Vargas, PN, Camacho, NCP, Pardo, G, Peña-Claros, M, Pétronelli, P, Pickavance, GC, Poulsen, AD, Poulsen, JR, Primack, RB, Priyadi, H, Quesada, CA, Reitsma, J, Réjou-Méchain, M, Restrepo, Z, Rutishauser, E, Salim, KA, Salomão, RP, Samsoedin, I, Sheil, D, Sierra, R, Sullivan, MJP, Talbot, J, Lewis, SL, Phillips, OL, Qie, L, Begne, SK, Chave, J, Cuni-Sanchez, A, Hubau, W, Lopez-Gonzalez, G, Miles, L, Monteagudo-Mendoza, A, Sonké, B, Sunderland, T, Ter Steege, H, White, LJT, Affum-Baffoe, K, Aiba, SI, De Almeida, EC, De Oliveira, EA, Alvarez-Loayza, P, Dávila, EÁ, Andrade, A, Aragão, LEOC, Ashton, P, Aymard, GA, Baker, TR, Balinga, M, Banin, LF, Baraloto, C, Bastin, JF, Berry, N, Bogaert, J, Bonal, D, Bongers, F, Brienen, R, Camargo, JLC, Cerón, C, Moscoso, VC, Chezeaux, E, Clark, CJ, Pacheco, ÁC, Comiskey, JA, Valverde, FC, Coronado, ENH, Dargie, G, Davies, SJ, De Canniere, C, Djuikouo, MN, Doucet, JL, Erwin, TL, Espejo, JS, Ewango, CEN, Fauset, S, Feldpausch, TR, Herrera, R, Gilpin, M, Gloor, E, Hall, JS, Harris, DJ, Hart, TB, Kartawinata, K, Kho, LK, Kitayama, K, Laurance, SGW, Laurance, WF, Leal, ME, Lovejoy, T, Lovett, JC, Lukasu, FM, Makana, JR, Malhi, Y, Maracahipes, L, Marimon, BS, Junior, BHM, Marshall, AR, Morandi, PS, Mukendi, JT, Mukinzi, J, Nilus, R, Vargas, PN, Camacho, NCP, Pardo, G, Peña-Claros, M, Pétronelli, P, Pickavance, GC, Poulsen, AD, Poulsen, JR, Primack, RB, Priyadi, H, Quesada, CA, Reitsma, J, Réjou-Méchain, M, Restrepo, Z, Rutishauser, E, Salim, KA, Salomão, RP, Samsoedin, I, Sheil, D, and Sierra, R

Abstract

© The Author(s) 2017. Tropical forests are global centres of biodiversity and carbon storage. Many tropical countries aspire to protect forest to fulfil biodiversity and climate mitigation policy targets, but the conservation strategies needed to achieve these two functions depend critically on the tropical forest tree diversity-carbon storage relationship. Assessing this relationship is challenging due to the scarcity of inventories where carbon stocks in aboveground biomass and species identifications have been simultaneously and robustly quantified. Here, we compile a unique pan-Tropical dataset of 360 plots located in structurally intact old-growth closed-canopy forest, surveyed using standardised methods, allowing a multi-scale evaluation of diversity-carbon relationships in tropical forests. Diversity-carbon relationships among all plots at 1 ha scale across the tropics are absent, and within continents are either weak (Asia) or absent (Amazonia, Africa). A weak positive relationship is detectable within 1 ha plots, indicating that diversity effects in tropical forests may be scale dependent. The absence of clear diversity-carbon relationships at scales relevant to conservation planning means that carbon-centred conservation strategies will inevitably miss many high diversity ecosystems. As tropical forests can have any combination of tree diversity and carbon stocks both require explicit consideration when optimising policies to manage tropical carbon and biodiversity.

Published
2017

16. Preliminary survey in genetic variation within the Pygmy Algyroides, Algyroides fitzingeri, across Corsica and sardinia

Author

Salvi D, Harris DJ, Perera A, Carretero MA, BOLOGNA, Marco Alberto, Salvi, D, Harris, Dj, Perera, A, Bologna, Marco Alberto, and Carretero, Ma

Subjects
Corsica, 12S rRNA gene, Lacertidae
Abstract

Algyroides fitzingeri is a Corso-Sardinian endemic lizard belonging to a relictual genus within the Lacertini radiation. In recent phylogeographic studies of Corso-Sardinian endemic lizards incongruent patterns are emerging. We investigated the mitochondrial genetic variation of A. fitzingeri across Corsica and Sardinia to obtain a preliminary portrait of its phylogeographic history. This species showed some polymorphism, but with low genetic differentiation between populations, that probably originated during the Pleistocene. Corsican populations are closely related to those from North Sardinia and are likely to have originated from them, given the higher diversity and deeper phylogeographic structure observed in Sardinia than in Corsica. While the phylogeographic structure of A. fitzingeri in Corsica is surprisingly shallow when compared with other co-distributed lizards, in Sardinia a common pattern apparently emerges. Further research is needed to confirm the hypotheses here presented and to provide a conclusive assessment of the phylogeography of this species

Published
2011

17. Inferior capsular shift operation for multidirectional instability of the shoulder in players of contact sports

Author

Ogilvie-Harris Dj and Choi Ch

Subjects
musculoskeletal diseases, Adult, Joint Instability, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, Adolescent, Elbow, Joint Dislocations, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Posterior approach, Joint capsule, Capsular shift, Humans, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Range of Motion, Articular, Shoulder Joint, business.industry, Anterior repair, General Medicine, Surgery, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, Athletic Injuries, Multidirectional instability, Original Article, Female, Shoulder joint, Anterior approach, business, human activities, Joint Capsule
Abstract

Objectives: To assess the results of inferior capsular shift for multidirectional instability of the shoulder in athletes.Methods: Multidirectional instability was surgically corrected in 53 shoulders in 47 athletes who engaged in contact sports. A history of major trauma was found in eight patients, the others having had minor episodes. Before surgery, all patients had complex combinations of instabilities. The surgical approach was selected according to the predominant direction of instability.Results: Anterior inferior capsular shift was carried out in 37 shoulders, and anterior dislocation recurred in three. In one of these, it was anterior alone, one was anterior and inferior, and one was unstable in all three directions. After posterior inferior capsular shift in 16 shoulders, one dislocation occurred anteriorly and one posteriorly. With the anterior approach, four athletes could not return to sport. Two patients treated with the posterior approach could not return to sport. Of these six failures, five patients had had bilateral repairs. Successful repair based on the criteria of the American Shoulder and Elbow Association was achieved in 92% of anterior repairs and 81% of posterior repairs. Successful return to sport was noted in 82% of patients with anterior repairs, 75% with posterior repairs, and 17% with bilateral repairs. Overall, there were five subsequent dislocations, three in the anterior repair group (8%), and two in the posterior repair group (12%).Conclusions: Inferior capsular shift can successfully correct multidirectional instability in most players of contact sports, but the results in bilateral cases are poor.

Published
2002
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20. The characteristics and causes of sheep losses in the Victorian Mallee

Author

Nowara G and Harris Dj

Subjects
Male, Veterinary medicine, Victoria, animal diseases, Sheep Diseases, Foot abscess, Heliotropium, Weaning, Breeding, Foot Diseases, Sex Factors, Animal science, Pregnancy, Surveys and Questionnaires, Animals, Liver damage, Animal Husbandry, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic, Foot Rot, Plant Poisoning, Sheep, General Veterinary, biology, Domestic sheep reproduction, Age Factors, General Medicine, Heliotropium europaeum, biology.organism_classification, Abscess, Obstetric Labor Complications, Heliotrope poisoning, Female, Seasons, Flock, Enterotoxemia
Abstract

SUMMARY The extent and causes of sheep losses in the semi-arid Mallee region of north-western Victoria were assessed by interviewing the owners of 79 randomly selected farms running 241 flocks in 1987/88 and 245 flocks in 1988/89. Mean annual losses were higher in ram flocks (21%) than in ewe flocks (7%), in flocks of non-Merino sheep (rams 24%, ewes 11%, weaners 5%) than in Merino (rams 11%, ewes 6%, wethers 4%, weaners 4%) and in ewe flocks 3 or more years old (10%) than in young ewe flocks (3.5%). In flocks where losses exceeded 5%, the causes most often reported by farmers were blowfly strike (especially in Merino sheep and weaners), ewe losses in autumn close to lambing, and heliotrope (Heliotropium europaeum) poisoning. Heliotrope poisoning was considered by the authors to be the main reason for the higher losses in old ewes than in young ewes and in non-Merino sheep than in Merino sheep. Losses of ewes associated with pregnancy and lambing were considered by the authors to be often predisposed by liver damage caused by heliotrope poisoning, and high losses in non-Merino ram flocks were attributed to both heliotrope poisoning and their ability to escape through boundary fences. Reasons for continuing high losses due to enterotoxaemia are discussed. Losses due to gastro-intestinal parasites, footrot and foot abscess were low.

Published
1995
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21. Elderly Patients with Hip Fractures: Improved Outcome with the Use of Care Maps with High-Quality Medical and Nursing Protocols

Author

Hawker Rw, Ogilvie-Harris Dj, and Botsford Dj

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Quality Assurance, Health Care, Fractured hips, Outcome (game theory), Patient Care Planning, Cohort Studies, Clinical Protocols, Nursing protocols, Humans, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Hip fracture, Hip Fractures, business.industry, Public health, General Medicine, Length of Stay, medicine.disease, Treatment Outcome, Physical therapy, Marital status, Female, Surgery, business, Accommodation
Abstract

In a prospective cohort study, 51 patients were treated with standard nursing and medical treatment after sustaining a hip fracture. A second group of 55 patients was treated with high-quality medical and nursing protocols outlined on our care map. The patient groups showed no significant differences preoperatively in terms of the important variables of age, mental status, marital status, accommodation, ambulation, fracture type or fracture treatment. Postoperatively the patients were followed for a 6-month outcome. The outcome of return to their place of accommodation and their previous level of function was considered grade 1. In grade 2, the patients lost one level of function or one level of accommodation. In grade 3 they lost one level of accommodation and one level of function. In grade 4 they were dead. Overall we were able to show that the patients in the study group had a statistically significantly better outcome (p = 0.036). In addition, they had significantly fewer postoperative complications (p = 0.01) and a significantly greater number of the patients returned home within 14 days of their admission. We feel that the medical and nursing protocols outlined are generally applicable and could significantly improve the outcome overall for elderly patients with fractured hips.

Published
1993
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25. Trifluridine for Herpes Zoster

Author

Harris Dj

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Ophthalmic solutions, Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus, business.industry, medicine, Trifluridine, General Medicine, medicine.disease, business, Dermatology, Keratitis, medicine.drug
Published
1994
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34. Putting EVIDENCE INTO PRACTICE: evidence-based interventions for the management of oral mucositis.

Author

Harris DJ, Eilers J, Harriman A, Cashavelly BJ, and Maxwell C

Abstract

Mucositis, an inflammation of the mucous membranes, is a commonly occurring side effect of chemotherapy and radiation. Oral mucositis can cause significant clinical consequences, such as pain, malnutrition, and local and systemic infections. Nurses have a critical role in all aspects of managing mucositis, including assessing it, teaching oral care, administering pharmacologic interventions, and helping patients cope with symptom distress. Mucositis can have a negative impact on the overall treatment experience, especially when severe pain or infections occur. Many interventions for managing mucositis exist; however, some are based in tradition or expert opinion and have not been studied in large, randomized, controlled trials. In addition, a variety of assessment tools are available, which creates confusion and difficulties when comparing interventions across studies. This article reviews empirical evidence related to interventions for oral mucositis. Oral care and rinses, pharmacologic interventions, and other techniques are evaluated. Gaps in the literature and opportunities for research, education, and practice changes are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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36. Occupational and environmental lung disease. Clinical correlation of asbestos bodies in BAL fluid.

Author

Vathesatogkit P, Harkin TJ, Addrizzo-Harris DJ, Bodkin M, Crane M, Rom WN, and Banks DE

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Asbestos bodies (AB) in BAL cells are specific markers of asbestos exposure. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed BAL cytocentrifuge slides of 30 utility workers with a history of asbestos exposure and 30 normal volunteers. BAL cytocentrifuge slides were blinded and scanned under 40 x light microscope. RESULTS: AB were found more frequently in subjects with a history of asbestos exposure compared to normal volunteers (10 of 30 subjects, 33%, vs 0 of 30 subjects). The mean number of AB seen in the AB-positive group was 2.7 per slide. Demographic data were comparable including age, gender, and smoking. Exposure histories were also similar: duration > 20 years, onset > 30 years ago, and time since last exposure > 7 years. More AB-positive patients reported respiratory symptoms (70% vs 26%, p < 0.05). High-resolution CT scans of AB-positive patients revealed a higher prevalence of parenchymal disease (70% vs 26%, p < 0.05). AB-positive subjects had reduced pulmonary function compared to AB-negative subjects: FVC (86% vs 97% predicted), FEV(1) (77% vs 92% predicted, p < 0.05), and diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (76% vs 104% predicted, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: In individuals with a history of asbestos exposure, the presence of AB in BAL cells is associated with higher prevalence of parenchymal abnormalities, respiratory symptoms, and reduced pulmonary function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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39. The incidence, cost and factors associated with foot lameness in dairy cattle in south-western Victoria

Author

Hibburt Cd, Fitspatrick Dh, McBeath Nr, Younis Pj, Harris Dj, Parsons Iw, Garry A. Anderson, and Dunn Ac

Subjects
Farm track, Hoof and Claw, Veterinary medicine, Victoria, Lameness, Animal, animal diseases, Cattle Diseases, Ice calving, Culling, Foot Diseases, Animal science, Animals, Medicine, Animal Husbandry, Dairy cattle, General Veterinary, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Age Factors, General Medicine, Animal Feed, Lameness, Costs and Cost Analysis, Herd, Cattle, Female, business, Foot (unit)
Abstract

SUMMARY: A survey of 73 dairy farms in south-western Victoria was conducted to assess the cost and mean herd incidence of foot lameness for the period from calving to the end of November, 1985, and to identify the herd, management and environmental factors associated with foot lameness. The mean herd size was 125 cows (range 82 to 220). Lameness occurred in 64 (88%) herds, and the mean herd incidence was 7.0% (range 0.0 to 30.9%). The main clinical signs associated with lameness were the presence of overworn and/ or bruised soles, or stones lodged in the interdigital cleft. Factors associated with lameness were: property and herd size, age of cow, bail feeding, voluntary entry into the bails, and features of the farm track including its length, the presence of steep slopes, the type of surface material, presence and treatment of broken sections and maintenance including rolling history. The association of these factors with specific clinical signs was examined. The mean cost was estimated to be $42.90 per lame cow due to loss of production, treatment, the culling or death of lame cows, and extra man hours spent managing lame cows. It was concluded that the site, construction, maintenance and use of the farm track were of major importance to the incidence of lameness in herds in this area and recommendations for reducing lameness are made.

Published
1988
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40. Prostaglandin inhibition and the rate of recovery after arthroscopic meniscectomy. A randomised double-blind prospective study

Author

Ogilvie-Harris, DJ, Bauer, M, and Corey, P

Abstract

In a double-blind, randomised, prospective study of 139 patients undergoing arthroscopic meniscectomy, those receiving a prostaglandin inhibitor (naproxen sodium) had significantly less pain, less synovitis and less effusion. They had significantly more rapid return of movement and of quadriceps function; their return to work and to sport also was significantly faster. It is recommended that, provided there are no contraindications, a prostaglandin inhibitor should be used after arthroscopic procedures.

Published
1985
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41. The arthroscopic treatment of chondromalacia patellae

Author

Ogilvie-Harris, DJ and Jackson, RW

Abstract

Three hundred and nineteen patients who had chondromalacia patellae and persistent patellofemoral pain after six months of conservative management underwent arthroscopy and arthroscopic surgery. The results in four aetiological groups were reviewed at one year and five years after operation. Morbidity was minimal. Lavage produced early remission in all groups. Shaving offered a particular advantage in the post-traumatic group. Lateral release plus shaving and lavage was beneficial in the group with maltracking patellae and in half of the idiopathic group. In the group with unstable patellae, lateral release produced good results in only one in four patients. In conclusion, we consider that arthroscopic surgery has a useful role to play in the management of chondromalacia patellae.

Published
1984
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42. Arthroscopic surgery of the shoulder. A general appraisal

Author

Ogilvie-Harris, DJ and Wiley, AM

Abstract

Arthroscopic surgery of the shoulder was performed on 439 patients over a 10-year period: these patients are reviewed after a minimum follow-up of one year. Diagnostic arthroscopy is known to be valuable and we have found that arthroscopic surgery also is safe and effective. It was useful in treating frozen shoulder, early osteoarthritis, isolated tears of the glenoid labrum and lesions of the biceps tendon. It was less useful in treating partial tears of the rotator cuff, tendonitis and severe osteoarthritis, and of little value in treating complete tears of the rotator cuff or in treating patients in whom previous operations on the rotator cuff had failed. It may prove to be a useful method of performing synovectomy in rheumatoid arthritis and of treating instability.

Published
1986
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43. Full-thickness rotator cuff tears: a biomechanical comparison of suture versus bone anchor techniques.

Author

Reed SC, Glossop N, and Ogilvie-Harris DJ

Abstract

We performed a biomechanical comparison of two rotator cuff repair techniques using fresh-frozen human cadavers. Nine pairs of cadaveric shoulders had standardized full-thickness tears made at the supraspinatus tendon insertion. One of each pair of the cadaveric shoulders was repaired by pulling the tendon into a bone trough in the humeral head using standard sutures. The remaining half of the pairs was repaired using anchor sutures. The repairs were tested using a servohydraulically operated material testing system. The anchor suture repair was significantly stronger than the standard suture technique irrespective of bone quality. Failure occurred predominantly through bone in the suture repairs and as a result of suture breakage in the anchor repairs. The anchors should be placed into the edge of the subchondral bone adjacent to the articular surface. The surgeon should direct the anchor so that the direction of the pull is approximately 90 degrees to the anchor, with the humerus at 30 degrees of abduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1996
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47. Pathologic Fractures of the Hand in Paget??s Disease

Author

Ogilvie-Harris Dj and Fornasier Vl

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Medullary cavity, business.industry, Pathologic fracture, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Asymptomatic, Paget s disease, Trabecular Pattern, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Surgery, Radiology, medicine.symptom, Differential diagnosis, business, Bone structure
Abstract

The radiologic features of Paget's disease of the bones of the hand are similar to involvement in other bones. Widening of the diameter of the bone and loss of cortical medullary distinction with a mottled coarsening of the trabecular pattern are the most characteristic features. In 2 cases reported here, there was a mixture of lysis and sclerosis with a preponderance of lysis. In the lytic phase the bone structure may be weakened and predisposed to pathologic fracture. Prior to the trauma that precipitated the fracture, both cases were asymptomatic. However, the occurrence of fractures in the involve bones led to the consideration of more ominous possibilities in a differential diagnosis. Recognition of the occurrence of Paget's disease in the bones of the hand or without superimposed pathologic fracture may prevent unnecessary surgical intervention.

Published
1979
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48. An Ivory Vertebra

Author

Fornasier Vl and Harris Dj

Subjects
musculoskeletal diseases, business.industry, Osteitis Deformans, General Medicine, Anatomy, medicine.disease, IVORY VERTEBRA, body regions, medicine.anatomical_structure, Paget's disease of bone, Thoracic vertebrae, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Surgery, Differential diagnosis, business, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists
Abstract

The roentgenographic scintographic and histologic features of an "ivory vertebra" are characteristic of monostotic Paget's disease. This case and condition are of special interest because Paget's disease is quite unusual in persons aged 30 or younger.

Published
1978
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