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• SPH and FVM models have been compared for buoyant flow in a stomach geometry. • The curved shape of the stomach leads to rapid layer inversion due to the development of a swirling flow. • Rayleigh–Taylor instability (RTI) is well–captured in the SPH model. • The FVM leads to more complete final separation. • SPH kernels with smaller compact support behave better in separation processes. The primary functions of the stomach, including mixing, digestion, and emptying, are affected by the spatial distribution of content properties, and how this distribution changes in response to gravity and wall contraction forces. One aspect that is not well studied is the buoyancy effects that result from content with heterogenous density. A buoyancy–driven flow in a non–deforming stomach is simulated using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and Finite Volume Method (FVM). An aqueous liquid layer is initially placed above a fatty layer of the same volume. The buoyancy effect driven by gravity and strongly influenced by the stomach shape, causes the fat to rise to the top layer and the aqueous liquid to sink to the bottom. Rayleigh–Taylor Instability (RTI) is well–captured in the SPH model in the initial interface flow development. Some detailed flow behaviours are slightly different between the two models once the bulk turnover flow is established, but both models show that the separation process happens rapidly (within 6 s) in the curved geometry of the stomach. The final phase separation is more complete in the FVM compared with the SPH. Sensitivity analysis is conducted in both models to examine the solution accuracy. This work suggests that buoyancy driven flow effects, which have not been investigated previously, occur on a much shorter timescale (6 s) than peristaltic (20 – 60 s) and digestion timescales (hours). This result may help basic understanding of digestive processes and be used to guide food and drug design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This editorial introduces the virtual special issue on digital mediation in ESP genres, bringing together a number of studies presented at LSPPC6: the 6th International Conference of the Asia–Pacific LSP and Professional Communication Association, held in collaboration with the International Society for Gesture Studies - Hong Kong Hub and organized by the Department of English, City University of Hong Kong. The editorial examines: 1) theoretical issues raised by digital mediation , especially with respect to genre theory; 2) communicative practices in digital contexts , expanding the range of descriptions of ESP genres; and 3) implications for ESP pedagogy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To examine the relevance of existing chronic care models to the integration of chronic disease care into primary care services in sub-Saharan Africa and determine whether additional context-specific model elements should be considered. Design ‘Best fit’ framework synthesis comprising two systematic reviews. First systematic review of existing chronic care conceptual models with construction of a priori framework. Second systematic review of literature on integrated HIV and diabetes care at a primary care level in sub-Saharan Africa, with thematic analysis carried out against the a priori framework. New conceptual model constructed from a priori themes and new themes. Risk of bias of included studies was assessed using CASP and MMAT. Eligibility criteria Conceptual models eligible for inclusion in construction of a priori framework if developed for a primary care context and described a framework for long-term management of chronic disease care. Articles eligible for inclusion in second systematic review described implementation and evaluation of an intervention or programme to integrate HIV and diabetes care into primary care services in SSA. Information sources PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Plus, Global Health and Global Index Medicus databases searched in April 2020 and September 2022. Results Two conceptual models of chronic disease care, comprising six themes, were used to develop the a priori framework. The systematic review of primary research identified 16 articles, within which all 6 of the a priori framework themes, along with 5 new themes: Improving patient access, stigma and confidentiality, patient-provider partnerships, task-shifting, and clinical mentoring. A new conceptual model was constructed from the a priori and new themes. Conclusion The a priori framework themes confirm a need for co-ordinated, longitudinal chronic disease care integration into primary care services in sub-Saharan Africa. Analysis of the primary research suggests integrated care for HIV and diabetes at a primary care level is feasible and new themes identified a need for a contextualised chronic disease care model for sub-Saharan Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes pedagogical activities for teaching students about gesture's intimate involvement with assessed speaking activities. The focus is on oral presentations and the communicative practice of navigating a visual with the audience's attention intact. The classroom materials were based on research published in the Journal of English for Academic Purposes and developed with three stages of input from language teachers at a university in Hong Kong. The class objectives are for students to discover how different ways of gesturing when explaining a visual can be demonstrably related to the presenters' situational awareness, content knowledge, and spoken language ability (in terms of grammatical complexity). While contributing to gesture pedagogy being developed from the perspectives of semiotic multimodality and Second Language Acquisition gesture studies, the materials embody an approach to gesture informed by enaction theory and ecological psychology. • Provides materials for an oral presentations class underpinned by gesture research. • Integrates feedback from language teachers informing the design of materials. • Relates gestures with situational awareness, content knowledge, and grammatical complexity. • Contributes to gesture pedagogy being developed from diverse perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pointing out that language policy negotiations in classroom discourse are an understudied kind of "language-related episode", and proposing that Tim Ingold's notion of "meshwork" dissolves a boundary that typically encloses their analysis, this paper examines how a rich and indicative example of student group interaction on a British university campus in China becomes interwoven with multiple threads, including: different languages, Korean pop dance moves, coffee from the campus Starbucks, and the teacher's repeated attempts at English-Medium Instruction policy enforcement. Our example was discovered in corpus recordings of group activities during classes in English for Academic Purposes, then transcribed for embodied activity (primarily speech and gesture) and further explored in relation to the multiple threads which visibly and audibly became involved. Analysis of the episode shows how students' relational-languaging behaviours must negotiate, respond, and adapt to the policy enforcement, illustrating some of the tensions immanent to the transnational higher education experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Treatment benefit in multiple myeloma (MM) patients with high‐risk cytogenetics remains suboptimal. The phase 3 ICARIA‐MM trial (NCT02990338) showed that isatuximab plus pomalidomide–dexamethasone prolongs median progression‐free survival (mPFS) in patients with relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM). This subgroup analysis of ICARIA‐MM compared the benefit of isatuximab in high‐risk [defined by the presence of del(17p), t(4;14) or t(14;16)] versus standard‐risk patients. The efficacy of isatuximab in patients with gain(1q21) abnormality was also assessed in a retrospective subgroup analysis. In ICARIA‐MM, 307 patients received isatuximab–pomalidomide–dexamethasone (n = 154) or pomalidomide–dexamethasone (n = 153). Isatuximab (10 mg/kg intravenously) was given weekly in the first 28‐day cycle, and every other week thereafter. Standard pomalidomide–dexamethasone doses were given. Isatuximab–pomalidomide–dexamethasone improved mPFS (7·5 vs 3·7 months; HR, 0·66; 95% CI, 0·33–1·28) and overall response rate (ORR, 50·0% vs 16·7%) in high‐risk patients. In patients with isolated gain(1q21), isatuximab addition improved mPFS (11·2 vs 4·6 months; HR, 0·50; 95% CI, 0·28–0·88) and ORR (53·6% vs 27·6%). More grade ≥3 adverse events occurred in high‐risk patients receiving isatuximab (95·7%) versus the control group (67·6%); however, isatuximab did not increase events leading to discontinuation or treatment‐related mortality. Isatuximab–pomalidomide–dexamethasone provides a consistent benefit over pomalidomide–dexamethasone treatment in RRMM patients regardless of cytogenetic risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of challenging fluid flow applications are used to demonstrate the powerful capabilities of the SPH method. The applications are classified according to whether they are industrial, geophysical or biophysical in nature. The versatility and flexibility of SPH allows it to be used to predict wide ranges of flow types with diverse coupled secondary physics and chemistry. The demonstration examples span free surface hydrodynamics, fluid-structure interactions, multiphase flows (bubbles and/or solids immersed in a fluid and multiple fluids with large density differences), and flows involving reactions and phase change. For the studies presented SPH demonstrates at least one and often several key advantages that make the method well suited to these applications. These include the natural handling of free surfaces (especially when splashing), strong advection (arising from the method being Lagrangian), very high deformation levels (due to being meshfree) and intrinsic history tracking (which provides specific benefits for flows with multiple materials, reactions and phase change). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soft robots have been developed for a variety of applications including gripping, locomotion, wearables and medical devices. For the majority of soft robots, actuation is performed using pneumatics or hydraulics. Many previous works have addressed the modeling of these fluid-driven soft robots using static finite element simulations where the pressure inside the actuator is assumed to be constant and uniform. The assumption of constant internal pressure is a useful simplification but introduces significant errors during events such as pressurization, depressurization, and transient loads from a liquid environment. Applications that use soft actuators for locomotion or propulsion operate using a sequence of transient events, so accurate simulation of these events is critical to optimizing performance. To improve the simulation of soft fluidic actuators and enable the modeling of both internal and external fluid flow in underwater applications, this work describes a fully-coupled, three-dimensional fluid–structure interaction simulation approach, where the pressure and flow dynamics are explicitly solved. This approach provides a realistic simulation of soft actuators in fluid environments, and permits the optimization of transient responses, which may be due to a combination of environmental fluid loads and non-uniform pressurization. The proposed methods are demonstrated in a number of case studies and experiments for a range of actuation and both internal and external inlet flow configurations, including bending actuators, a soft robotic fish fin for propulsion, and experimental results of a bending actuator in a high-speed fluid, which correlate closely with simulations. The proposed approach is expected to assist in the design, modeling, and optimization of bioinspired soft robots in underwater applications. [Display omitted] • 3D fluid–structure interaction simulations (FSI) for soft fluidic actuators are developed. • This approach is used to model both internal and external flow and pressure dynamics. • Realistic simulation of soft actuators in fluid environments such as underwater. • A series of comparison experiments and FSI analysis are presented and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Venetoclax is a highly selective, potent, oral BCL-2 inhibitor, which induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells. Venetoclax plus bortezomib and dexamethasone has shown encouraging clinical efficacy with acceptable safety and tolerability in a phase 1 trial. The aim of this study was to evaluate venetoclax plus bortezomib and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.Methods: In this randomised, double-blind, multicentre, phase 3 trial, patients aged 18 years or older with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2 or less, who had received one to three previous therapies were enrolled from 90 hospitals in 16 countries. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (2:1) centrally using an interactive response technology system and a block size of three to receive venetoclax (800 mg per day orally) or placebo with bortezomib (1·3 mg/m2 subcutaneously or intravenously and dexamethasone (20 mg orally). Treatment was given in 21-day cycles for the first eight cycles and 35-day cycles from the ninth cycle until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or patient withdrawal. Randomisation was stratified by previous exposure to a proteasome inhibitor and the number of previous therapies. Sponsors, investigators, study site personnel, and patients were masked to the treatment allocation throughout the study. The primary endpoint was independent review committee-assessed progression-free survival in the intention-to-treat population. Safety analyses were done in patients who received at least one dose of study drug. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02755597.Findings: Between July 19, 2016, and Oct 31, 2017, 291 patients were randomly assigned to receive venetoclax (n=194) or placebo (n=97). With a median follow-up of 18·7 months (IQR 16·6-21·0), median progression-free survival according to independent review committee was 22·4 months (95% CI 15·3-not estimable) with venetoclax versus 11·5 months (9·6-15·0) with placebo (hazard ratio [HR] 0·63 [95% CI 0·44-0·90]; p=0·010). The most common grade 3 or worse treatment-emergent adverse events were neutropenia (35 [18%] of 193 patients in the venetoclax group vs seven [7%] of 96 patients in the placebo group), pneumonia (30 [16%] vs nine [9%]), thrombocytopenia (28 [15%] vs 29 [30%]), anaemia (28 [15%] vs 14 [15%]), and diarrhoea (28 [15%] vs 11 [11%]). Serious treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 93 (48%) patients in the venetoclax group and 48 (50%) patients in the placebo group, with eight (4%) treatment-emergent fatal infections reported in the venetoclax group and none reported in the placebo group. Three deaths in the venetoclax group (two from pneumonia and one from septic shock) were considered treatment-related; no deaths in the placebo group were treatment-related.Interpretation: The primary endpoint was met with a significant improvement in independent review committee-assessed progression-free survival with venetoclax versus placebo plus bortezomib and dexamethasone. However, increased mortality was seen in the venetoclax group, mostly because of an increased rate of infections, highlighting the importance of appropriate selection of patients for this treatment option.Funding: AbbVie and Genentech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To report the updated and revised British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) guideline on indications, safe insertion and subsequent care of suprapubic catheters (SPCs). Methods: The existing BAUS guideline on the insertion of SPCs was reviewed and has been updated in light of both activity and outcome data published since the original guideline was written. A systematic review of all new data from 2010 onwards was carried out. This updated guideline is largely evidence‐based but, where evidence was lacking, is based on the consensus of expert opinion from members of the BAUS Section of Female, Neurological and Urodynamic Urology. Results: Suprapubic catheterization is widely used and generally considered a safe procedure. There is, however, a small risk of serious complications including bowel injury. The BAUS has produced an updated consensus statement on SPC use with the aim of minimizing risks and establishing best practice. Areas for future research and development are also highlighted. This review has been commissioned and approved by the BAUS and the Section of Female, Neurological and Urodynamic Urology. Conclusions: While SPC insertion is generally regarded as a safe procedure, the risk of serious morbidity and death must always be considered and outlined to patients. These revised guidelines should assist in minimizing the morbidity associated with SPC usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigating what has been called the mise-en-scene of Capitalism's Second Coming in China, this essay explores how cinematic principles have become divorced from the medium of cinema and can be found operating within contemporary Chinese urban spaces in order to increase the efficacy of real estate showroom settings. Specifically, we explore the effects of affectively distributed networks of human, architectural and nonhuman "actors" that appear to be arranged in such a way as to manipulate and impact the thoughts, feelings and actions of potential buyers. To best expose the effectiveness of these modern urban assemblages, we engineer an encounter between the Chinese concept of shi (势) – described by sinologist-philosopher François Julien as the "inherent potentiality at work in configuration" – and that of cinematicty, wherein the cinema and city are recognised as co-determining and mutually enabling site/sights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropogenic substances pollute freshwater systems worldwide, with serious, long-lasting effects to aquatic biota. Present methods of detecting elevated levels of trace metal pollutants are typically accurate but expensive, and therefore not suitable for applications requiring high spatial resolution. Additionally, these methods are not efficient solutions for the determination of long-term averages of pollution concentration. This is the rationale for the implementation of a biomonitoring programme as an alternative means of pollutant detection. This review summarises recent literature concerning the past and potential uses of the benthic isopod Asellus aquaticus as a biomonitor for pollution in freshwater systems. Recent studies indicate that A. aquaticus is well suited for this purpose. However, the mechanisms by which it bioaccumulates toxins have yet to be fully understood. In particular, the interactions between coexisting trace metal pollutants in the aquatic environment have only recently been considered, and it remains unclear how a biomonitoring programme should adapt to the effects of these interactions. It is evident that failing to account for these additional stressors will result in an ineffective biomonitoring programme; for this reason, a comprehensive understanding of the bioaccumulation mechanisms is required in order to reliably anticipate the effects of any interferences on the outcome. Image 1 • Asellus aquaticus is known to bioaccumulate trace metals. • A. aquaticus has been suggested as a potential biomonitor for metal pollutants. • A biomonitoring programme could act as an early warning system for pollution events. • Metal uptake and sequestering mechanisms are still poorly understood. • Antagonistic effects of metals must be better understood for implementation to succeed. Capsule: "The benthic isopod, Asellus aquaticus , may be an ideal biomonitor for freshwater pollution." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite introduction of legislation such as the EU Nitrates and Water Framework Directives (Directives 91/676/EEC and 2000/60/EC respectively), agricultural practices are often still regarded as a major factor in poor water quality across many EU member states. Elevated inputs of nutrients, organic matter and agro-chemicals to receiving waters from agricultural lands in particular are now widely recognised as potentially major causes of deteriorating water quality. Such inputs may emanate from diffuse sources such as agricultural fields, and small point- or intermediate-sources, including farmyards and farm trackways. However, while inputs from these latter intermediate sources may be substantial, their overall contribution to catchment-wide water quality at high temporal or spatial resolution is still largely unknown. In this study, we surveyed water chemistry throughout the multiple natural and artificial watercourses within a single drainage network at high spatial resolution in a predominantly dairy farming area in Southern Ireland. We found that most headwaters at the time of study were impacted by organic inputs via drainage ditches emanating from the vicinity of farmyards. These farmyard drains were found to have elevated concentrations of ammonium, phosphorus, potassium, suspended sediment and biochemical oxygen demand above background levels in the study catchment. Concomitant assessment of macro-invertebrate communities at study sites indicated that the ecological quality of headwaters was also impaired by these inputs. The individual and aggregate contributions of farmyard drains to water quality within a single catchment, when mapped at high spatial resolution, indicates that they constitute a major contribution to catchment scale 'diffuse' agricultural inputs. However, our data also suggest that engineering farmyard drains to maximise their retention and attenuation function may prove to be a cost-effective means of mitigating the effects of point source farmyard inputs. Unlabelled Image • Water quality in an Irish dairy catchment was monitored at high spatial resolution. • Nearly 75% of catchment farmyards had a direct hydrological connection to streams. • The majority of headwaters were impacted by inputs from these connections. • Greater management of these inputs would improve water quality in dairy catchments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kayak racing performance is known to be dependent on technique, strength and equipment, but the relationship between these factors and performance is not well understood. Complete experimental measures of stroke technique and the interactions between the water and the paddle and the boat are not practical in a racing environment. Instead, simulation using computational fluid dynamics can be used to study this system. A coupled biomechanical-Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (B-SPH) model of the kayaking athlete is presented. Verification and validation of the model are confirmed using drag force data from the literature and a spatial resolution study. Using this model and stroke kinematics (developed from the combination of literature data and digitised motion of an amateur level athlete from video), calculations are made of (a) the fluid response to interactions with the paddle and kayak; (b) speed of the kayak; and (c) magnitudes of force and impulse on the paddle and the hands. Key features of the fluid response are related to the loading on the athlete and the speed of the kayak. Perturbations to stroke technique are explored to give new insights into the relationships between technique and racing performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article adopts an ecological view of cognition to analyze the role of the environment in scaffolding metaphorical experience. Using ethnographic material collected from two real estate showrooms in China, we describe how each showroom setting is equipped with to-be-phenomenologically-experienced objects designed to stimulate desirable sensorimotor experiences and altered bodily states during the guided showroom tours. By analyzing the qualities of such settings and identifying the processes through which visitors become environmentally coupled—including active and passive touch in highly organized auditory, olfactory, and gustatory environs—we demonstrate how the showrooms constitute an affordance space for enacting metaphoricity through doubleness in experience. Implications for conceptual metaphor theory relating to the nature of environments and bodies are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Low temperature disproportionally affects growth of alien L. minuta. • The effect of high concentrations of aluminium and copper and drought stress on biomass growth are similar for the two species. • L. minuta dries out faster, and accumulates more metals than L. minor. • L. minuta has a greater physiological tolerance, whilst L. minor has an avoidance strategy. • Presence of stressors not necessarily impedes alien invasions. Abstract It is widely assumed that environmental stressors contribute to the protection of habitats from invasion by alien species, and that native species are better stress-tolerators. This assumption was tested by comparing the performance of the invasive alien Lemna minuta Kunth with that of the co-generic native L. minor Linnaeus, under several environmental stressors. The effects of temperature and drought, important determinants of the distribution of Lemnaceae, on growth and photosynthesis were explored. Also, tolerance to, and accumulation of aluminium and copper were studied. Finally, tolerance to Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) was compared by growing the plants at different concentrations of the ROS generator paraquat (methyl-viologen). The present study shows that specific stressors (such as low temperature in this study) disproportionally affect growth of alien L. minuta. Yet, in the case of three other stressors (aluminium, copper, drought), effects on biomass growth are similar for the two species, or they are even less severe on L. minuta. Remarkably, L. minuta dries out faster, and accumulates more metals than L. minor , suggesting that the former species has a greater physiological tolerance, whilst the latter species has an avoidance strategy. Thus, the current study on the role of environmental stressors in facilitating alien invasions does not support the notion that the presence of stressors impedes alien invasions, but rather shows that differences between an alien and a native species are multi-faceted, and stressor-specific. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language Related Episodes occur when speakers explicitly question lexical and grammatical aspects of the language they are using, resulting in collaborative discourse and assisted performance from peers. This paper demonstrates how such negotiation and repair may occur in relation to the gestural component of a speaker's expression, leading us to introduce the parallel term ‘Gesture Related Episodes’. Our single case analysis reveals a range of issues that have received little attention, including the problems that people experience with gestures, what constitutes struggling in the gestural modality, and how people help each other to gesture more effectively in collaborative discourse. Our discussion links these issues to the L2 concerns and knowledge asymmetries in our data, as well as to conceptual and conventional features of gestures more generally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lemna minuta Kunth is an invasive, alien duckweed that is present throughout much of Europe, where it competes with native congeneric Lemna minor Linnaeus. Previously, L. minuta was found to grow faster than L. minor . The aim of this study was to determine whether the rapid growth of invasive L. minuta is based on differential light utilisation. For this purpose, the growth performance of L. minuta was compared with that of L. minor under a range of different light intensities. Both physiological and morphological parameters were determined. L. minuta showed a higher Relative Growth Rate (RGR) than L. minor when grown under medium and high intensities. Further analysis showed that, at high light intensities, L. minuta has a higher Net Assimilation Rate (NAR), and displays more photochemical quenching (qP) and a higher quantum yield (Y(II)) than L. minor . In contrast under low light intensities L. minor displayed a marginally higher RGR, due to a greater Leaf Area Ratio (LAR), and higher chlorophyll content than L. minuta. The results indicate two distinct light utilisation strategies, and reveal that the invasive species L. minuta takes more advantage from high intensity light conditions. In turn, this may influence plant distribution and, consequently, ecosystem management by relevant authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marizomib ( MRZ) is an irreversible, pan-subunit proteasome inhibitor ( PI) in clinical development for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma ( RRMM) and glioma. This study analysed MRZ, pomalidomide ( POM) and low-dose dexamethasone (Lo- DEX) [ PMD] in RRMM to evaluate safety and determine the maximum tolerated dose ( MTD) and/or recommended Phase 2 dose ( RP2D). Intravenous MRZ (0·3-0·5 mg/m2) was administered over 2 h on days 1, 4, 8, 11; POM (3-4 mg) on days 1-21; and Lo- DEX (5 or 10 mg) on days 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 12, 15, 16, 22 and 23 of every 28-day cycle. Thirty-eight patients were enrolled that had received a median of 4 (range 1-10) prior lines of therapy; all patients received prior lenalidomide and bortezomib. No dose-limiting toxicities ( DLTs) were observed and 0·5 mg/m2 MRZ was determined to be the RP2D. The most common treatment-related ≥Grade 3 adverse events were: neutropenia (11/38 patients: 29%), pneumonia (4/38 patients 11%), anaemia (4/38 patients; 11%) and thrombocytopenia (4/38 patients; 11%). The overall response rate and clinical benefit rate was 53% (19/36) and 64% (23/36), respectively. In conclusion, PMD was well tolerated and demonstrated promising activity in heavily pre-treated, high-risk RRMM patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lifeguards stationed opposite their swimzone on a beach in southwest France huddle around a diagram in the sand; the Head Lifeguard points to the sun then looks at the swimzone. What is going on here? Our paper examines two excerpts from this interaction to explore how lifeguards manage an instruction activity that arises in addition to the task of monitoring the swimzone. Building on frame analysis and multiactivity in social interaction, we focus on the role of gaze behavior in maintaining a sustained orientation to the swimzone as a distinct activity in this setting. Multimodal, sequential analyses of extracts from the video data show that orientation to the lifeguarding task is sustained primarily by body orientation and gaze patterns that routinely return to the swimzone. This is supported when sustained orientation away from the swimzone leads to the momentary suspension of the instruction activity and consequent re-organization of the interaction, illustrating the normative and visible nature of managing multiactivity. These gaze behaviors and interactive patterns constitute practices of professional vision among beach lifeguards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Bloodstream infections ( BSIs) are a significant complication of treatment for multiple myeloma ( MM). The objective of this study was to define the epidemiology of BSI with current era MM treatment regimens, including immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors and autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation ( ASCT). Methods Clinical and microbiology records of patients with MM diagnosed between 2008 and 2012 were reviewed using a standardised tool to capture patient demographics, myeloma characteristics and BSI characteristics (type, severity, outcomes). Conditional risk set modelling was used to determine clinical predictors of BSI. Results Of 199 studied patients, 71 (35.6%) had confirmed BSI (98 infection episodes). Peak incidence was 65.1 infections/100 patient-years at 4-6 months following MM diagnosis with a late peak at 64-66 months. Gram-positive pathogens were responsible for the majority (54.5%) of infections during induction, whilst gram-negative pathogens were responsible for the majority (57.7%) of infections during disease progression. Overall, Escherichia coli was the most frequently identified pathogen. Streptococcus pneumoniae comprised 6.1% of all BSIs at a median of 7.5 months following MM diagnosis. Highest rates of ICU admission (23.1%) and mortality (11.5%) were seen with BSIs in patients with progressive disease. Recent ASCT was independently associated with increased BSI risk ( HR 3.09, P = 0.05). Conclusions Treatment of progressive disease is a high-risk period for infection, evidenced by high proportions of BSI due to gram-negative pathogens and S. pneumoniae. Targeted evaluation of preventative strategies (prophylaxis, vaccination) to reduce morbidity and mortality during this period is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The objective of this review was to determine the impact of immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and proteasome inhibitor (PI)–based therapy on infection risk in patients with myeloma across three treatment periods: induction, maintenance therapy and relapse/refractory disease (RRMM). Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) of IMiD and PI-based therapy versus conventional therapy from 1990 to 2015 using MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL was conducted. Study methods, characteristics, interventions, outcomes and rate of infection were extracted using a standardised tool. Findings Thirty RCTs of 13,105 patients fulfilled inclusion criteria. The rate of severe infection with the use of IMiD-based therapy was 13.4%, 22.4%, 10.5% and 16.6% for induction therapy for non-transplant- and transplant-eligible patients, maintenance therapy and therapy for RRMM, respectively. Rate of severe infection with PI-based induction in transplant-eligible patients was 19.7%. Compared to conventional therapy, use of IMiD-based induction therapy was associated with reduced risk for transplant patients (RR 0.76, p < 0.01). There was no significant difference with PI-based therapy. For maintenance therapy and RRMM, use of IMiD-based therapy was significantly associated with 74% and 51% increased risk of severe infection, respectively. Compared to thalidomide, bortezomib-based induction therapy and lenalidomide maintenance therapy were associated with increased risk of severe infection (RR 2.03, p < 0.01; RR 1.95, p = 0.03). Interpretation The differential impact of myeloma therapies on risk for infection and the effect of treatment phases upon risk have now been established. Thalidomide is associated with the lowest risk of severe infection when used for induction and maintenance therapy. Funding Fight Cancer Foundation . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasive alien plant species are usually characterized by a growth rate higher than their native competitors, and this higher rate can be achieved through the opportunistic use of plant nutrients. The growth of the invasive alien duckweed Lemna minuta and the co-generic native Lemna minor were compared under different conditions of nutrient availability. The two species were grown for one week under fully controlled conditions on medium containing increasing concentrations of NO 3 − -N, NH 4 + -N and PO 4 3— P. The effects of different concentrations and ratios of Ca and Mg on growth were also determined. At the end of the experiment the Relative Growth Rate (RGR) of the plants was calculated on the basis of the biomass and number of fronds. The data highlighted that Lemna minuta outgrew L. minor under conditions of high phosphate supply while, when phosphate concentrations in the medium were low, it grew less than L. minor . However, L. minuta is not simply an opportunistic species as we observed relative tolerance to imbalances in Ca-Mg ratio in the growth medium. The different responses observed when the L. minor and L. minuta were grown at specific concentrations of P, Ca and Mg suggest that these elements are potential determinants of the invasibility of freshwaters and that they should be considered in future field studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented discussing the treatment of varicella zoster virus infections in patients with myeloma by antiviral prophylaxis.

Platform diving injuries are common, especially in the arms, neck and back, and appear to arise from cumulative damage from multiple overload events as well as singular cases of acute loading. Experimental measures of forces on the body are impractical so instead computational simulation is used to estimate this loading. A coupled Biomechanical-Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (B-SPH) model for diver and water is developed and applied to a reverse pike dive performed by an elite athlete. The body surface is represented by a mesh that deforms in response to measured skeleton kinematics acquired from multi-camera video. Calculations of the fluid forces on the body and the transmission of torque through the upper body joints are made. Loading on the body segments and joints is found to be closely related to the dynamic behaviour of the body and water. The sensitivity of the results of the model to variations in water entry pitch angle (EPA) is explored. Simulation results suggest that altering the timing of contact between the water and different body segments changes the loading and potentially the injury risk of the dive. The simulation framework presented shows promise as a tool for coaches and sports scientists to evaluate the performance, strength requirements and safety of diving technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constrained acetabular inserts are designed as revision solutions for unstable total hip arthroplasties to prevent dislocation and as a possible primary option for elderly patients at risk of recurrent dislocation.~Introduction~Background~Our aim was to establish clinical and radiological outcomes of an 'all-poly' constrained acetabular device and to highlight reasons for component failure.~Purpose~Objective~We retrospectively reviewed our use of the Stryker® Trident 'all-poly' constrained acetabular insert between 2008 and 2013. All inserts were cemented directly into the acetabulum. Demographic data was collated. The indication for use of a constrained insert and postoperative complications were determined. Patients were reviewed clinically and underwent radiographic follow-up.~Methods~Methods~A total of 56 constrained inserts were utilised during the study period. Follow-up was for a minimum of 2 years (mean 4.0 years and range 2.0-6.8 years). The mean latest follow-up Oxford hip score was 34.6 (11-48). One postoperative superficial wound infection, 1 breakage of the constraining ring without clinical consequence and 1 recognised complication of liner failure at the bipolar interface were noted.~Results~Results~In the short to medium term, acetabular constraint offers a useful primary or revision option in patients at risk or with recurrent dislocation.~Conclusions~Conclusions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We defined the epidemiology and clinical predictors of infection in patients with multiple myeloma ( MM) receiving immunomodulatory drugs ( IMiDs), proteasome inhibitors ( PI) and autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplant ( ASCT) in a large longitudinal cohort study. Clinical and microbiology records of patients with MM diagnosed between January 2008 and December 2012 were reviewed to capture patient demographics, characteristics of myeloma and infections (type, severity, outcomes). Conditional risk set modelling was used to determine clinical predictors of infection. One hundred and ninety-nine patients with MM with 771 episodes of infection were identified. 44·6% of infections were clinically defined, 35·5% were microbiologically defined and 19·9% were fever of unknown focus. There was a bimodal peak in incidence of bacterial (4-6 and 70-72 months) and viral infections (7-9 and 52-54 months) following disease diagnosis. Chemotherapy regimens high-dose melphalan [hazard ratio ( HR) = 2·07], intravenous cyclophosphamide ( HR = 1·96) and intensive combination systemic chemotherapy ( HR = 1·86) and cumulative doses of corticosteroid ( HR = 3·06 at highest dose) were independently associated with increased risk of infection overall ( P < 0·05). IMiDs and PI and other clinical factors were not independently associated with increased risk of infection. New approaches to prevention and treatment of infection should focus upon identified periods of risk and treatment-related risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Postgraduate medical education has, in recent years, become a dynamic field with the increasing availability of innovative and interactive teaching techniques. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the current focus of psychiatric training on the acquisition of scientific and clinical knowledge is inadequate to address the multidimensional nature of psychiatry. Supplementary teaching tools may be usefully applied to address this need. Methods: A group of trainees at the Maudsley Hospital and Institute of Psychiatry (UK) pioneered the use of a book group as an innovative teaching tool to enhance the psychiatric training experience by, amongst other aspects, facilitating dialogue between peers on fundamental epistemological issues raised by critical engagement with seminal psychiatric texts. Results: Feedback from members suggested that participation in the book group broadened the overall learning potential and experience of psychiatry. The key ingredients were identified as: (i) collaborative peer-to-peer learning; (ii) the use of ‘flipped classroom’ model; and (iii) joint ownership. Conclusion: The book group has demonstrated real potential to facilitate direct trainee engagement with the multi-faceted nature of psychiatry as a complex humanistic discipline within an informal learning space. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In a phase 2 trial of panobinostat in 129 patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma, exploratory analyses of chemokines and cytokines were prospectively performed in 109 patients to determine their association with clinical outcomes. Patients were categorized into two groups (reductions > median and reductions ≤ median) based on percentage change from baseline of log10 transformed measurements. Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) was most strongly associated with clinical outcome. Early reduction of TARC was observed in responding patients, with the greatest reduction at cycle 1, day 15 (C1D15). Of 93 patients with C1D15 samples, there were three complete and 25 partial responses. The group with TARC reductions > median at C1D15 had more responders (18 [39%] vs. 10 [21%]), longer progression-free survival (10.6 vs. 4.9 months), shorter time to response and longer overall survival than the group with reductions ≤ median. This study is registered at , NCT00742027. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The manner in which food breaks down during mastication directly influences not only perception of texture but also the temporal release of taste and aroma compounds and perception of flavor. Although sampling chewed food during mastication allows local quantitative measurement of particle properties and taste and aroma compound concentrations, it is not possible to measure the full spatiotemporal variations of these quantities. Computational modeling can be used to estimate the values of these quantities throughout the volume of the oral cavity at any point in the chewing cycle or allow controlled parametric analysis that would be impractical in physical experimentation. We present a coupled biomechanical-smoothed particle hydrodynamics model of human mastication and predict the mechanical behavior and breakdown of two agar model foods. The results of these simulations show that our model has the potential to enhance the understanding of the relationship between food structure and oral breakdown during mastication. Practical Applications Development of a computational model of chewing and oral breakdown will enhance the understanding of the relationship between food structure, oral breakdown and flavor release during mastication. A functional model may be utilized to design the material and structural properties of food products that will break down in a desired fashion during chewing. Future model extensions that facilitate the prediction of flavor release given known mechanical properties will facilitate how to add flavor to provide a target sensory profile. This knowledge will fast-track innovations in new food product development and facilitate reformulation of healthier food products without compromising sensory quality. In the future, the ability to predict the physical and chemical stimuli may facilitate the prediction of sensory perception from first principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanical functions of the oral cavity, such as chewing and swallowing, present many modelling challenges. Plastic strain and fracturing occur in food due to interactions with hard and soft tissues, whilst the food moves, collides and mixes with fluid. Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a meshless numerical method that uses particles instead of meshes to discretise material. The Lagrangian nature of SPH means that it is well suited to modelling complexities such as fluid-free surfaces or solid fracture, interactions with complicated deforming boundaries, and temperature and chemical dynamics. We propose a combined SPH-biomechanical model of the oral cavity and present five model applications that address a broad range of material behaviours observed during eating. Interactions between the gums, teeth and the moving tongue with fluids in the anterior oral cavity; biting and chewing of elastoplastic foods; and biting and crushing of brittle foods are each simulated. In each case, the proposed meshless SPH-biomechanical model was found to be well suited to modelling the complex motions, boundary interactions and material responses. The modelling framework shows promise as a tool for simulation of food breakdown and taste release for foods of different material behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The equine metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint is frequently injured, especially by racehorses in training. Most injuries result from repetitive loading of the subchondral bone and articular cartilage rather than from acute events. The likelihood of injury is multi-factorial but the magnitude of mechanical loading and the number of loading cycles are believed to play an important role. Therefore, an important step in understanding injury is to determine the distribution of load across the articular surface during normal locomotion. A subject-specific finite-element model of the MCP joint was developed (including deformable cartilage, elastic ligaments, muscle forces and rigid representations of bone), evaluated against measurements obtained from cadaver experiments, and then loaded using data from gait experiments. The sensitivity of the model to force inputs, cartilage stiffness, and cartilage geometry was studied. The FE model predicted MCP joint torque and sesamoid bone flexion angles within 5% of experimental measurements. Muscle-tendon forces, joint loads and cartilage stresses all increased as locomotion speed increased from walking to trotting and finally cantering. Perturbations to muscle-tendon forces resulted in small changes in articular cartilage stresses, whereas variations in joint torque, cartilage geometry and stiffness produced much larger effects. Non-subject-specific cartilage geometry changed the magnitude and distribution of pressure and the von Mises stress markedly. The mean and peak cartilage stresses generally increased with an increase in cartilage stiffness. Areas of peak stress correlated qualitatively with sites of common injury, suggesting that further modelling work may elucidate the types of loading that precede joint injury and may assist in the development of techniques for injury mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preferred tissue for analyses of fish stable isotope ratios for most researchers is muscle, the sampling of which typically requires the specimen to be sacrificed. The use of non-destructive methods in fish isotopic research has been increasing recently, but as yet is not a standard procedure. Previous studies have reported varying levels of success regarding the utility of non-lethally obtained stable isotope materials, e.g. fins, but none have accounted for the potential compounding effects of inorganic components of fin rays or lipids. Comparisons of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope ratios of muscle with adipose and caudal fin of two salmonids, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.) and brown trout (Salmo truttaL.), revealed that caudal fin can be used as a non-destructive surrogate for muscle in stable isotope analysis, but that adipose fin, where available, is a better proxy. The use of a published model to inexpensively counteract the confounding effect of lipids, which are depleted in13C, greatly improved the relationship between fish muscle and fins. However, efforts to account for the inorganic components of fin rays were counterproductive and required twice the biomass of fins clipped from each fish. As this experiment was conducted on wild fish, controlled laboratory studies are required to confirm these field observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I examine the role of visible bodily action in a French Sign Language (FSL) classroom. With data from an authentic production exercise, I analyse how a novice signer communicates with her body to simultaneously produce utterances in FSL for a camera while maintaining a pedagogical interaction with her instructor. With frame-by-frame microanalyses of two examples, I use ELAN transcriptions and drawings to illustrate how the student deploys various aspects of visible bodily action to overcome her disfluencies and make progress in learning to sign. Although preliminary, my findings offer new insights to non-native signing in a classroom and highlight the role of multimodality in language learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy is a promising immunotherapy approved for hematological malignancies. Despite its effectiveness, clinically significant rates of toxicity, including immune effector cell associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), limit its widespread use. In certain contexts, ICANS may occur in up to one-third of patients using commercially available CAR-T therapies. The syndrome presents with a range of neurological signs and symptoms, as well as a variety of neuroimaging manifestations reported in the literature. A systematic review of the literature was performed. The systematic search strategy identified 24 studies discussing the neuroimaging appearances associated with ICANS. Imaging findings are more common in patients with higher grade neurotoxicity. The neuroimaging findings are heterogeneous, but can be grouped either anatomically (white matter, gray matter, brainstem, or leptomeninges) or pathologically (ischemic changes, hemorrhages, or cerebral edema). An understanding of the imaging manifestations of ICANS has the potential to impact the management of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few quantitative data exist to describe the activity of the distal muscles of the equine forelimb during locomotion, and there is an incomplete understanding of the functional roles of the majority of the forelimb muscles. Based on morphology alone it would appear that the larger proximal muscles perform the majority of work in the forelimb, whereas the smaller distal muscles fulfil supplementary roles such as stabilizing the joints and positioning the limb for impact with the ground. We measured the timing and amplitude of the electromyographic activity of the intrinsic muscles of the forelimb in relation to the phase of gait (stance versus swing) and the torque demand placed on each joint during walking, trotting and cantering. We found that all forelimb muscles, except the extensor carpi radialis (ECR), were activated just prior to hoof-strike and deactivated during stance. Only the ECR was activated during swing. The amplitudes of muscle activation typically increased as gait speed increased. However, the amplitudes of muscle activation were not proportional to the net joint torques, indicating that passive structures may also contribute significantly to torque generation. Our results suggest that the smaller distal muscles help to stabilize the forelimb in early stance, in preparation for the passive structures (tendons and ligaments) to be stretched. The distal forelimb muscles remain active throughout stance only during canter, when the net torques acting about the distal forelimb joints are highest. The larger proximal muscles activate in a complex coordination to position and stabilize the shoulder and elbow joints during ground contact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report results from a study exploring the combination of romidepsin, bortezomib, and dexamethasone for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) previously treated with > 1 prior therapy. The primary objective was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MID) of the combination using a novel accelerated dose-escalation schedule in patients with relapsed or refractory MM. The secondary objective was to determine overall response (OR), time to progression (UP), and overall survival (OS). The MTD identified was bortezomib 1.3 mg/rn2 (days 1,4,8, and 11), dexamethasone 20 mg (days 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, and 12), and romidepsin 10 mg/m2 (days 1, 8, and 15) every 28 days. Thrombocytopenla (64%) was the most common > grade 3 hematologic toxicity. Peripheral neuropathy occurred in 76% of patients (n = 19) (⩾ grade 3, 8%; 95% confidence Interval [CI] 1%-26%). Maintenance romidepsin 10 mg/m2 (on days 1 and 8 of a 28-day cycle) proved feasible, with 12 patients receiving a median of 7.5 cycles (range: 1-29). An OR (M-protein) of> minor response(MR)was seen in 18 of 25 patients (72%); 2 (8%) had complete remissions (CRs) and 13(52%) had partial responses (PR5), including 7 (28%) with very good PR5 (VGPR5). The median UP was 7.2 (95% Cl: 5.5-19.6) months, and the median OS was > 36 months. This regimen shows activity with manageable toxicity and warrants further evaluation. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00431990. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE To report the British Association of Urological Surgeons' guidelines on the indications for, safe insertion of, and subsequent care for suprapubic catheters. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify the evidence base. This was reviewed by a guideline development group (GDG), who then drew up the recommendations. Where there was no supporting evidence expert opinion of the GDG and a wider body of consultees was used. RESULTS Suprapubic catheterisation is widely used, and generally considered a safe procedure. There is however a small risk of serious complications. Whilst the evidence base is small, the GDG has produced a consensus statement on SPC use with the aim of minimising risks and establishing best practice (Table 1). It should be of relevance to all those involved in the insertion and care of suprapubic catheters. Given the paucity of evidence, areas for future research and development are also highlighted. This review has been commissioned and approved by BAUS and the Section of Female, Neurological and Urodynamic Urology. CONCLUSIONS It is hoped that these guidelines will assist in minimising morbidity associated with SPC usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Storage and utilization of strain energy in the elastic tissues of the distal forelimb of the horse is thought to contribute to the excellent locomotory efficiency of the animal. However, the structures that facilitate elastic energy storage may also be exposed to dangerously high forces, especially at the fastest galloping speeds. In the present study, experimental gait data were combined with a musculoskeletal model of the distal forelimb of the horse to determine muscle and joint contact loading and muscle-tendon work during the stance phase of walking, trotting and galloping. The flexor tendons spanning the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint specifically, the superficial digital flexor (SDF), interosseus muscle (lM) and deep digital flexor (DDF) experienced the highest forces. Peak forces normalized to body mass for the SDF were 7.3±2.1, 14.0±2.5 and 16.7±1.1 N kg-1 in walking, trotting and galloping, respectively. The contact forces transmitted by the MCP joint were higher than those acting at any other joint in the distal forelimb, reaching 20.6±2.8, 40.6±5.6 and 45.9±0.9 N kg-1 in walking, trotting and galloping, respectively. The tendons of the distal forelimb (primarily SDF and IM) contributed between 69 and 90% of the total work done by the muscles and tendons, depending on the type of gait. The tendons and joints that facilitate storage of elastic strain energy in the distal forelimb also experienced the highest loads, which may explain the high frequency of injuries observed at these sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the collection and use of enemy skulls and other bones as trophies by soldiers and their supporters in the American Civil War. This behaviour was condemned at the time as that of ‘savages’. However, the author argues that it was a local symptom of the shifts taking place after the Enlightenment in the ways in which human diversity was conceptualized. Civil War soldiers who collected and displayed their enemies’ remains did so for some of the same reasons that comparative anatomists had begun to collect, display and study such objects at the time. They, too, assumed that the fundamental material evidence of human differences lay under the skin, in the bones and, above all, in the skull. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal B-cell malignancy characterised by excess bone marrow plasma cells, serum and/or urine paraprotein, immune paraesis, renal failure and lytic bone lesions. Dendritic cells (DC) are key players in the adaptive and innate immune responses, but reside in tissues, so are difficult to quantify in vivo. By enumerating the blood DC pool, we aim to examine the influence of MM disease and accompanying therapy on the DC system. We have shown, using the BDCA DC detection kit, that blood pDC and mDC numbers are suppressed at diagnosis in MM, and uniquely, monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS) and patients with plasmacytoma. B-cell numbers were also significantly reduced in MM, MGUS and patients with plasmacytoma (p ≤ 0.005). Standard chemotherapy did not improve the number of mDC1 or pDC seen in the blood of patients with MM. The number of blood mDC1 improved transiently following auto hemopoietic stem cell transplantation, as numbers returned to within the normal range at engraftment and were maintained until D100. The number of blood mDC1 in patients taking thalidomide was also significantly higher than at relapse. These studies suggest that the defects in the B cell and blood DC pool is present in MGUS and plasmacytoma as well as patients with MM and can recover following therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses acts of restitutive giving, a range of practices similar to the gift except that they express sociability by reaffirming between donors and recipients the existence of social boundaries rather than connections. The particular case discussed concerns military personnel in the major wars of the twentieth century, who took personal items from the enemy dead as battle trophies. Focusing on the Pacific War, the article explores the meaning of these objects for the servicemen who kept them, and the ways in which this meaning altered during their later lives. In particular, the article seeks to explain why some veterans in old age, or their families after their deaths, traced the original owners' surviving kin and returned the objects to them. Résumé Le présent article discute des actes de restitution, des pratiques proches du don à ceci près qu’elles expriment la sociabilité en réaffirmant entre celui qui donne et celui qui reçoit l’existence de frontières sociales plutôt que de liens. Le cas particulier discuté ici concerne des militaires ayant participé aux grands conflits armés du XXème siècle, qui avaient emporté comme trophées de guerre des biens personnels de leurs ennemis morts au combat. Dans le cas plus précis de la guerre du Pacifique, l’auteur explore la signification de ces objets pour les militaires qui les ont gardés, et la manière dont cette signification a changé par la suite au fil de leur vie. Il s’agit en particulier d’expliquer pourquoi certains anciens combattants, devenus vieux, ou leur famille après leur mort, ont recherché les parents survivants des anciens propriétaires de ces objets pour leur rendre ceux-ci. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on research into the visual semiotics of slides and the multimodality of oral presentations, this paper analyses the speech-gesture-slide interplay in TED talks and considers implications for teaching about gesture in the academic presentation genre. Using two examples from presentations by award-winning science communicator Professor Brian Cox, an enactive-ecological approach to embodied communication yields fine-grained descriptions of relations between spoken language, visuals on the slide, and gesture including depictions, eye-gaze shifts, posture, and footwork. These demonstrate how the speaker's activity of showing slides is a person-environment dynamic of sense-making with the audience, and more specifically, how the speaker's speech-gesture-slide interplay animates, discloses, and decomposes aspects of the visuals on his slides while keeping his audience's attention intact. Whereas researchers of English for Academic Purposes have recommended raising students' awareness of multimodality or body language, this paper's findings suggest ways to sensitivise and engage students more directly and implicitly with the ecology of oral presentations. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Myeloma is a common cancer involving the bone marrow. Some of the medications used in the treatment of myeloma, including those that reduce the risk of bone fractures, can increase the chance of side effects occurring in the jawbone. The most serious complication in the jawbone is called medication-related osteonecrosis, meaning part of the jawbone dies. The aim of this review is to highlight some of the medications that are implicated and other risk factors that can contribute to osteonecrosis. Suggestions to prevent this complication from occurring are described. Conventional methods of treating established medication-related osteonecrosis of the jawbone are outlined as well as emerging new treatments. Myeloma is a common haematological malignancy in which adverse skeletal related events are frequently seen. Over recent years, treatment for myeloma has evolved leading to improved survival. Antiresorptive therapy is an important adjunct therapy to reduce the risk of bone fractures and to improve the quality of life for myeloma patients; however, this has the potential for unwanted side effects in the oral cavity and maxillofacial region. Osteonecrosis of the jaw related to antiresorptive medications and other myeloma therapies is not uncommon. This review serves to highlight the risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw for myeloma patients, with some suggestions for prevention and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an analysis on the difference between civilized people and savages in warfare with particular focus on the behavior in treating the dead enemies. It is suggested that when fighting savage enemies, it is allowed and accepted to adopt their methods of savagery. Various examples of savage practices including the scalping of European colonists in North America is presented. It is the author's view that savage enemies are labeled as wild, animal-like opponents yet their process from which they treat their enemies could be copied and used as an aggression method.

1. A series of laboratory-based equations on trout growth and bioenergetics developed by J.M. Elliott were applied to data collected for brown trout ( Salmo trutta L.) under field conditions in Co. Mayo, Western Ireland. Fish were collected by electrofishing eight upland streams with contrasting riparian vegetation; grassland, open canopy and closed canopy deciduous. 2. Stream temperatures, one of the main influencing factors on fish growth and energetics, did not differ significantly between riparian types. 3. Observed growth rates were lower than the predicted maximum growth rates and were not influenced by riparian vegetation type. Growth ranged between 0.66% day−1 for 0 + trout to 0.08% day−1 for 2 + trout. 4. Production estimates showed no clear difference between riparian vegetation types over the growing season. 5. Fish densities and biomass tended to be greater in closed canopy streams particularly in summer. 6. Actual ration sizes calculated for trout were similar to the ration required for maintenance metabolism and were only 45–63% of the maximum potential rations. Although there was an ontogenetic increase in ration size with increasing fish age, the proportion of ration available for growth (i.e. the difference between actual and maintenance rations) did not differ between age classes but was greatest in summer. 1+ and 2+ trout show greatest ration available for growth in grassland streams. 7. Trout growth did not differ between riparian vegetation types but did vary seasonally with greatest attainment in summer. Growth was limited in the present study possibly due to combined effects of reduced prey available to fish and low stream temperatures reducing metabolic requirements. In such food limited systems, terrestrial invertebrate energy subsidies could have significant benefits to brown trout growth, production and bioenergetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objectives: Men undergoing transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) often have some level of residual symptoms after this operation. Reliance on symptom scores to assess outcomes means there is relatively little information on the exact pattern of such symptoms. The aim of this study was to describe the pattern, progression, and associated bother of lower urinary tract symptoms after TURP. Methods: Detailed information on urinary symptoms, prostatectomy status, and associated bother was obtained from a randomly selected sample of community-dwelling men by using a postal questionnaire. Rates of individual urinary symptoms in the postprostatectomy population were calculated, and compared with those in the background population and those in secondary care. Results: Of 7640 men who responded, 422 had undergone prostatectomy. Symptom levels remained significantly higher in the postoperative group than the background population, with 19.4% experiencing four or more symptoms on a weekly basis. The pattern of symptoms was similar to that seen in the general population. Men in the post-TURP group experienced greater levels of bother when symptom level (odds ratio: 2.69; 95%CI, 1.80–4.01) was controlled. Both symptom and bother, however, were significantly lower than those in people referred for secondary care treatment of their symptoms. Conclusions: Men with a previous prostatectomy still report high levels of urinary symptoms and appear to experience greater levels of bother from these symptoms than men in the general population. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This article discusses the use of enemy body parts as war trophies, focusing on the collection of Japanese skulls as trophies by Allied servicemen in the Second World War, and on the treatment of these objects after the war. I argue that such human trophy-taking tends to occur in societies, including modern states, in which two conditions hold: the hunting of animals is an important component of male identity; and the human status of enemies is denied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]