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Background: Emergency gastrointestinal surgeries are frequently performed procedure which have mortality and morbidity much more than that of elective surgery, they carry a substantial risk of operative and postoperative complications and death. A system was developed to allow for the rst time an assessment of surgical quality that was risk adjusted for the patient's acute and chronic physiological status and for the nature of operation. The POSSUM audit system was designed to be easy and rapid to use and to have wide application across the general surgical spectrum both in the elective and emergency settings. Our study was conducted on 96 Pat Methods: ients of acute abdomen and blunt injury undergoing emergency GIT surgery and patients which develop postoperative complications admitted in department of surgery, RD Gardi Medical College,Ujjain between November 2018 to April 2020 Our study Signies that Forty-thre Results: e percent patients had morbidity in these group of patients, among which wound related complication has the predominant cause of morbidity, pulmonary complication were also common. In total eight patients died in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy four because of of MODS three due to SIRS and one due to sepsis. In our study, ve patients had cardiac risk . Respiratory signs were more prevalent seventeen patients having them, Blood loss was also higher with eleven patients having more than 1000 ml blood loss. Peritoneal soiling was also very common, with thirty seven patients having localised pus collections in forty-one, spillage of bowel contents seen in seventeen patients and hemoperitoneum in four patients Recognizing Conclusions. patients who are at high risk to develop complications and who have high risk of mortality would prompt us to take necessary and timely action and aid us in the better management of the patient. POSSUM mortality equation over predicts mortality especially in low risk groups, while predictive value improves signicantly when exponential analysis is used.Hence POSSUM scoring system has an undeniable advantage in our set up for better patient counseling, improving the surgical outcomes in emergency wards and for better management of limited resources and manpower.

Background:- Chronic pancreatitis is (CP) is a progressive inammatory disease of the pancreas associated with disabling abdominal pain and gradual deterioration of exocrine and endocrine function. Up to 50% of patients with CP may require surgery during the course of the disease. The main indication for surgery is intractable abdominal pain not amenable to medical and endoscopic therapy. The type of surgery depends on pancreatic ductal diameter and associated parenchymal pathology like inammatory head mass. Frey procedure (FP) is an effective method for control of pain in patients with enlarged pancreatic head. FP can be performed with a very low mortality and an acceptable morbidity. Compared with pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), FP has favourable outcomes in terms of operation time, blood loss, morbidity, post-operative hospital stay, intensive care unit stay, and quality of life. FP has shorter operation time and lower morbidity in comparison to Beger procedure. But, long-term pain control and exocrine and endocrine dysfunctions are comparable between PD, Beger and FP. FP is technically easier than PD and Beger procedure. FP is thus a widely acceptable procedure for CP with enlarged pancreatic head in absence of a neoplasia. Methods: Prospective observational study conducted in R. D. GARDI MEDICAL COLEGE UJJAIN (M.P.) 1AUGUST 2018 TO 1 AUGUST 2019. The diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis was based on the ndings of clinical history, physical examination and radiological investigation. Radiological investigation consisted of a combination of ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT) and MRCP.Surgically treated cases of Chronic Pancreatitis who underwent Frey's procedure and had minimum 3 months and maximum 12 months of follow up were included in the study A total number of 17 patients were studied in one year. Post-operatively all patients were a Results: sked to classify their pain as mild, moderate and severe or no pain. Patients were also asked to repeat endocrine and exocrine function tests. Only patients with at least 12 months of post-operative follow-up were included. At the time of the last follow-up visit, 91%(n = 15) of patients described complete pain relief, 7% (n = 2) described occasional episodic pain but did not take analgesics routinely. Only one patient had pain recurrence 1year after surgery; he had been abusing alcohol and drugs. Conclusions- The results of the study conrmed that local resection of the head with longitudinal pancreatojejunostomy as proposed by Frey has high effectiveness in the treatment of pain in long-term follow-up, combined with little interference in the disease course (endocrine and exocrine function).Frey's procedure should be considered as the primary operation in patients with disabling pain as a result of CP because it is safer, easier and presents less morbidity and mortality than alternative techniques.

The economy of the paper industry largely depends on the quality of the paper manufactured and the quality depends on the precise operation of Headbox, which is the key element of the paper machine and is highly responsible for the quality of the paper manufactured. Being a nonlinear multivariable system, a headbox needs to be controlled efficiently to have the desired response which in turn reflects in the quality of the paper. The headbox is subjected to various disturbances and thus it is required not only to suppress the effect of disturbances but also to ensure the smooth start of the headbox and fast response to the set-point changes. A control technique is proposed in this paper for a paper machine headbox based on the determination of ultimate gain and frequency using the fractional-order integrator (FOI). The PID tuning technique proposed has been applied on paper machine headbox and the responses are compared with the existing techniques.

The present article reviews the literature pertaining to the control system analysis of multivariable process. MIMO control system analysis techniques like relative gain array (RGA), Neiderlinski Index , Morari Resiliency Index , Condition Number (CN), Singular Value Decomposition and robustness analysis (RA) using model mismatch are shown with the help of flow chart. In multivariable control system analysis, the important terms include interaction analysis, stability analysis, controllability test, observability test, singular value decomposition, resiliency and conditionality. Also, the capabilities such as tracking of set-point level, rejection of disturbance signals and robustness are explored for the controllers of MIMO processes.

All the chemical industrial processes are influenced by the unmeasured and measured input and output disturbances. An efficient controller is considered to be the one that reduces the effects of disturbance as early as possible to avoid significant degradation caused in the performance of the controller designed. Prediction based control system analysis is an indispensable strategy to control complex interactive industrial delayed processes. This paper provides a rigorous review of the evolution pertaining to linear MPC and its variants. It also highlights MPC strategy and its implementation for design of MPC basedcontroller.

Graphene film drooped on a bottom gate bottom contact (BGBC) is adopted for fabricating gas sensing technology. The sensors are competent of identifying toxic gases like CO2, NO2, CO of ultra-low concentration i.e., ppb in surrounding air by calibrating sensitivity which is the measure of change in maximum drain current in presence of air and in absence of any toxic material on graphene layer whereas, the initial condition of graphene remaining constant except temperature. The main principle of the device is that graphene can act productively to endeavor abounding physio-chemical properties that are beneficial for gas sensing techniques which would keep a check on increasing toxic level at homes, schools, car and would prove to be beneficiary against sick building syndrome (SBS). The sensors provide an advantage of low power, low cost, good sensitivity and stability.

With the current trends in high density plantations of fruit trees, numerous clonal rootstocks of apple have been developed through various breeding programs. Among them, Merton 793 is the most popular in India because of the desirable traits of vigorous growth and resistance to woolly apple aphid and collar rot. The planting material of this rootstock cannot be multiplied at a desirable rate by means of conventional vegetative propagation methods, so micropropagation techniques are being explored to augment scarce planting material. Large number of plants can be produced in vitro under aseptic conditions, but there is always a danger of producing somaclonal variants by tissue culture technology. Thus, it is advisable to check the clonal fidelity of in vitro raised plants, especially of perennials prior to their field transplantation. The genetic stability of in vitro raised plants of apple rootstock Merton 793, multiplied through enhanced axillary bud proliferation up to 22 subculture passages, was tested by intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) assay. Of 24 ISSR primers screened, 15 primers produced clear reproducible bands, resulting in a total of 134 distinct bands with an average of 8.9 bands per primer. Apple rootstock MM 111 and scion Jonathan, taken as outliers with tissue culture-raised progenies of Merton 793, ruled out the possibility that the invariant banding pattern occurred because of inefficiency of ISSR primers in detecting variations. The homogenous amplification profile observed for all the micropropagated plants compared to the donor plant confirmed the clonal fidelity of the tissue culture-raised Merton 793 plants. This suggests that axillary bud multiplication is the safest mode for multiplication of true-to-type plants. This is the first study that evaluates the applicability of ISSR markers in establishing clonal fidelity of tissue culture-raised apple plants.

Graphene planted gas sensors have been extensively handled for different gas sensing mechanism exclusively for mapping the chunk of noxious gasses such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide etc. present in our surrounding. Hence, for its exertion in practical life many designing constraints arise which are dealt on different parameters in this paper. In the adjoining paper we fixate in developing a graphene drooped sensor with varying substrate for better calliberation. The paper reviews on the variety of material and there diverse fabrication techniques to achieve the desired sensitivity on the application of various toxic gasses and correlate them on varying aspects like complexity, sensitivity, material used, calliberation.