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2. A Revised Taxonomy of Steganography Embedding Patterns

Author

Wendzel, Steffen, Caviglione, Luca, Mazurczyk, Wojciech, Mileva, Aleksandra, Dittmann, Jana, Krätzer, Christian, Lamshöft, Kevin, Vielhauer, Claus, Hartmann, Laura, Keller, Jörg, and Neubert, Tom

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture
Abstract

Steganography embraces several hiding techniques which spawn across multiple domains. However, the related terminology is not unified among the different domains, such as digital media steganography, text steganography, cyber-physical systems steganography, network steganography (network covert channels), local covert channels, and out-of-band covert channels. To cope with this, a prime attempt has been done in 2015, with the introduction of the so-called hiding patterns, which allow to describe hiding techniques in a more abstract manner. Despite significant enhancements, the main limitation of such a taxonomy is that it only considers the case of network steganography. Therefore, this paper reviews both the terminology and the taxonomy of hiding patterns as to make them more general. Specifically, hiding patterns are split into those that describe the embedding and the representation of hidden data within the cover object. As a first research action, we focus on embedding hiding patterns and we show how they can be applied to multiple domains of steganography instead of being limited to the network scenario. Additionally, we exemplify representation patterns using network steganography. Our pattern collection is available under https://patterns.ztt.hs-worms.de.

Published
2021
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8. Synthesis of Dual‐Responsive Amphiphilic Glycomacromolecules: Controlled Release of Glycan Ligands via pH and UV Stimuli.

Author

Jäck, Nicholas, Hemming, Arne, and Hartmann, Laura

Subjects
POLYMERIZATION, BENZOIC acid, ANTIVIRAL agents, MICELLES, ANTIBACTERIAL agents
Abstract

This work presents a versatile strategy for the synthesis of dual stimuli‐responsive amphiphilic glycomacromolecules with tailored release properties. Amphiphilic precision glycomacromolecules (APGs) derived from tailor‐made building blocks using solid phase polymer synthesis form glycofunctionalized micelles, a versatile class of materials with applications in drug delivery, as antiinfection agents as well as simple cell mimetics. In this work, this concept is extended by integrating cleavable building blocks into APGs now allowing stimuli‐responsive release of glycan ligands or destruction of the micelles. This study incorporates a newly designed acid‐labile building block, 4‐(4‐(((((9H‐fluoren‐9‐yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)methyl)‐1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐yl)benzoic acid (DBA), suitable also for other types of solid phase or amide chemistry, and an established UV‐cleavable 2‐nitrobenzyl linker (PL). The results demonstrate that both linkers can be cleaved independently and thus allow dual stimuli‐responsive release from the APG micelles. By choosing the APG design e.g., placing the cleavable linkers between glycomacromolecular blocks presenting different types of carbohydrates, they can tune APG and micellar stability as well as the interaction and cluster formation with a carbohydrate‐recognizing lectin. Such dual‐responsive glycofunctionalized micelles have wide potential for use in drug delivery applications or for the development as anti‐adhesion agents in antiviral and antibacterial treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. "It is in the Nature of Men": The Normalization of Non-Consensual Sex and Intimate Partner Violence Against Women with Acquired Physical Disabilities in South Africa.

Author

Hunt, Xanthe, van der Merwe, Amelia, Swartz, Leslie, Xakayi, Wendy, Chideya, Yeukai, Hartmann, Laura, Botha, Michelle, and Hamilton, Alison

Subjects
CROSS-sectional method, INTIMATE partner violence, RESEARCH funding, QUALITATIVE research, HUMAN sexuality, INTERVIEWING, STATISTICAL sampling, PSYCHOLOGY of women, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, LONGITUDINAL method, THEMATIC analysis, CASE studies, PEOPLE with disabilities
Abstract

This study employed a cross-sectional, qualitative individual interview methodology to explore South African women with physical disabilities' experiences of intimate partner and sexual violence, inclusive of non-consensual and coerced sexual intercourse. For the participants, disability was a factor that intersected with gender norms to create vulnerability to abuse, and that patriarchal ideologies constructing how women should perform their gendered roles in marriage or sexual partnerships, as well as disability stigma, exacerbated this vulnerability. It is important to develop understandings of the different risk factors for violence – at the individual level and in the context of dyadic relationships – to develop programming to better support women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. MicroRNAs modulate SARS‐CoV‐2 infection of primary human hepatocytes by regulating the entry factors ACE2 and TMPRSS2.

Author

Khanal, Rajendra, Heinen, Natalie, Bogomolova, Alexandra, Meister, Toni L., Herrmann, Simon T., Westhoven, Saskia, Nocke, Maximilian K., Todt, Daniel, Jockenhövel, Freya, Klein, Isabel M., Hartmann, Laura, Vondran, Florian W. R., Steinmann, Eike, Zimmer, Gert, Ott, Michael, Brown, Richard J. P., Sharma, Amar Deep, and Pfaender, Stephanie

Abstract

Background and Aims: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) preferentially infects the respiratory tract; however, several studies have implicated a multi‐organ involvement. Hepatic dysfunctions caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection have been increasingly recognized and described to correlate with disease severity. To elucidate molecular factors that could contribute towards hepatic infection, we concentrated on microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non‐coding RNAs that modulate various cellular processes and which are reported to be differentially regulated during liver injury. We aimed to study the infection of primary human hepatocytes (PHH) with SARS‐CoV‐2 and to evaluate the potential of miRNAs for modulating viral infection. Methods: We analysed liver autopsies from a coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19)‐positive cohort for the presence of viral RNA using Nanopore sequencing. PHH were used for the infection with SARS‐CoV‐2. The candidate miRNAs targeting angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) were identified using in silico approaches. To discover the potential regulatory mechanism, transfection experiments, qRT‐PCRs, western blots and luciferase reporter assays were performed. Results: We could detect SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in COVID‐19‐positive liver autopsies. We show that PHH express ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and can be readily infected with SARS‐CoV‐2, resulting in robust replication. Transfection of selected miRNA mimics reduced SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor expression and SARS‐CoV‐2 burden in PHH. In silico and biochemical analyses supported a potential direct binding of miR‐141‐3p to the SARS‐CoV‐2 genome. Conclusion: We confirm that PHH are susceptible to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and demonstrate selected miRNAs targeting SARS‐CoV‐2 entry factors and/or the viral genome reduce viral loads. These data provide novel insights into hepatic susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 and associated dysfunctions in COVID‐19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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21. CAR NK-92 cell-mediated depletion of residual TCR+ cells for ultra-pure allogeneic TCR-deleted CAR T-cell products

Author

Kath, Jonas, primary, Du, Weijie, additional, Martini, Stefania, additional, Elsallab, Magdi, additional, Franke, Clemens, additional, Hartmann, Laura Marie, additional, Drosdek, Vanessa, additional, Glaser, Viktor, additional, Stein, Maik, additional, Schmueck-Henneresse, Michael, additional, Reinke, Petra, additional, Volk, Hans-Dieter, additional, Abou-el-Enein, Mohamed, additional, and Wagner, Dimitrios Laurin, additional

Published
2023
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22. Molecular Recognition of Glycan-Bearing Glycomacromolecules Presented at Membrane Surfaces by Lectins: An NMR View

Author

Lete, Marta G., primary, Hoffmann, Miriam, additional, Schomann, Nils, additional, Martínez-Castillo, Ane, additional, Peccati, Francesca, additional, Konietzny, Patrick B., additional, Delgado, Sandra, additional, Snyder, Nicole L., additional, Jiménez-Oses, Gonzalo, additional, Abrescia, Nicola G. A., additional, Ardá, Ana, additional, Hartmann, Laura, additional, and Jiménez-Barbero, Jesús, additional

Published
2023
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29. From Microbial Succinic Acid Production to Polybutylene Bio‐Succinate Synthesis

Author

Tenhaef, Niklas, primary, Hermann, Alina, additional, Müller, Moritz Fabian, additional, Görtz, Jonas, additional, Marienhagen, Jan, additional, Oldiges, Marco, additional, Wiechert, Wolfgang, additional, Bott, Michael, additional, Jupke, Andreas, additional, Hartmann, Laura, additional, Herres-Pawlis, Sonja, additional, and Noack, Stephan, additional

Published
2023
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30. Molecular Recognition of Glycan-Bearing Glycomacromolecules Presented at Membrane Surfaces by Lectins: An NMR View

Author

Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Kimika Organikoa eta Ez-Organikoa, Gutiérrez Lete, Marta, Hoffmann, Miriam, Schomann, Nils, Martínez Castillo, Ane, Peccati, Francesca, Konietzny, Patrick B., Delgado, Sandra, Snyder, Nicole L., Jiménez Oses, Gonzalo, Abrescia, Nicola G. A., Ardá, Ana, Hartmann, Laura, Jiménez Barbero, Jesús, Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Kimika Organikoa eta Ez-Organikoa, Gutiérrez Lete, Marta, Hoffmann, Miriam, Schomann, Nils, Martínez Castillo, Ane, Peccati, Francesca, Konietzny, Patrick B., Delgado, Sandra, Snyder, Nicole L., Jiménez Oses, Gonzalo, Abrescia, Nicola G. A., Ardá, Ana, Hartmann, Laura, and Jiménez Barbero, Jesús

Abstract

Lectin–glycan interactions are at the heart of a multitude of biological events. Glycans are usually presented in a multivalent manner on the cell surface as part of the so-called glycocalyx, where they interact with other entities. This multivalent presentation allows us to overcome the typical low affinities found for individual glycan–lectin interactions. Indeed, the presentation of glycans may drastically impact their binding by lectins, highly affecting the corresponding binding affinity and even selectivity. In this context, we herein present the study of the interaction of a variety of homo- and heteromultivalent lactose-functionalized glycomacromolecules and their lipid conjugates with two human galectins. We have employed as ligands the glycomacromolecules, as well as liposomes decorated with those structures, to evaluate their interactions in a cell-mimicking environment. Key details of the interaction have been unravelled by NMR experiments, both from the ligand and receptor perspectives, complemented by cryo-electron microscopy methods and molecular dynamics simulations.

Published
2023

36. SEC14-GOLD protein PATELLIN2 binds IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER1 linking root iron uptake to vitamin E

Author

Hornbergs, Jannik, primary, Montag, Karolin, additional, Loschwitz, Jennifer, additional, Mohr, Inga, additional, Poschmann, Gereon, additional, Schnake, Anika, additional, Gratz, Regina, additional, Brumbarova, Tzvetina, additional, Eutebach, Monique, additional, Angrand, Kalina, additional, Fink-Straube, Claudia, additional, Stühler, Kai, additional, Zeier, Jürgen, additional, Hartmann, Laura, additional, Strodel, Birgit, additional, Ivanov, Rumen, additional, and Bauer, Petra, additional

Published
2022
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37. Carbon ion irradiation plus CTLA4 blockade elicits therapeutic immune responses in a murine tumor model

Author

Hartmann, Laura, primary, Osen, Wolfram, additional, Eichmüller, Oliver L., additional, Kordaß, Theresa, additional, Furkel, Jennifer, additional, Dickes, Elke, additional, Reid, Carissa, additional, Debus, Jürgen, additional, Brons, Stephan, additional, Abdollahi, Amir, additional, Moustafa, Mahmoud, additional, Rieken, Stefan, additional, and Eichmüller, Stefan B., additional

Published
2022
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41. From Microbial Succinic Acid Production to Polybutylene Bio‐Succinate Synthesis

Author

Tenhaef, Niklas, Hermann, Alina, Müller, Moritz Fabian, Görtz, Jonas, Marienhagen, Jan, Oldiges, Marco, Wiechert, Wolfgang, Bott, Michael, Jupke, Andreas, Hartmann, Laura, Herres-Pawlis, Sonja, and Noack, Stephan

Subjects
General Chemical Engineering, ddc:660, General Chemistry, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Abstract

Chemie - Ingenieur - Technik : CIT 95(4), 587-595 (2023). doi:10.1002/cite.202200163 special issue: "Special Issue: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Christian Wandrey zum 80. Geburtstag gewidmet / Issue Edited by: Andreas Liese, Michael Müller, Thomas Noll, Ralf Takors", Published by Wiley-VCH Verl., Weinheim

Published
2023

42. Analysis of the percieved classroom climate: a comparison between all day and day students of a Gymansium in Graz

Author

Hartmann, Laura

Abstract

In der vorliegenden Masterarbeit werden das Schul- und Klassenklima in der 8. Schulstufe eines Gymnasiums in Graz analysiert und mit der Wahrnehmung von Halbtags- und Ganztagsschüler*innen verglichen. Die Erwartungen aus den Bereichen der Pädagogik, der Gesellschaft und der Sozialpolitik an die Ganztagsschule sind hoch, das Erfüllen dieser ist jedoch an verschiedene Gelingensbedingungen geknüpft. Das soziale Klima kann unter anderem als wesentlich für die Qualität einer Ganztagsschulesowie für das Lernen angesehen werden (Eder, 2015a, S. 58-61; Eder, 2002, S. 215; Schatzl, 2011, S. 12). Das Ziel dieser Masterarbeit ist es, neue Erkenntnisse in Hinblick auf das von Schüler*innen wahrgenommene Schul- und Klassenklima einer verschränkt geführten Ganztagsschule in Graz zu erlangen. Es wird darauf abgezielt folgende Forschungsfragen zu beantworten: Wie nehmen Schüler*innen der achten Schulstufe an einer verschränkten Ganztagsschule in Graz das Schul- und Klassenklima wahr? Unterscheidet sich das erlebte Schul- und Klassenklima der Schüler*innen aus Ganztags- und Halbtagsklassen? Wenn ja, bei welchen Indikatoren gibt es Unterschiede? Um diese Forschungsfragen zu beantworten, wurde neben der theoretischen Auseinandersetzung, eine quantitative Studie mittels Fragebogen durchgeführt. Dabei wurden die Ergebnisse der Lernenden der Ganztags- und Halbtagsklassen miteinander verglichen. Die Resultate der empirischen Studie zeigen, dass kein signifikanter Unterschied in der Wahrnehmung des Klassenklimas zugunsten der Ganztagsschüler*innen beobachtet werden konnte. Stattdessen geht aus ihr hervor, dass sich die Mehrheit der Werte im mittleren Bereich der Antwort-Skala finden lässt. Die Schüler*innen nehmen einzelne Aspekte des Schul- und Klassenklimas sowie das Gesamtklima in der Klasse meist wedereindeutig positiv-unterstützend noch negativ-hemmend wahr. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse zeigen jedoch signifikante Diskrepanzen in einigen Unterkategorien des Schul- und Klassenklimas. Auffallend ist, dass die Differenzen meist zugunsten der Halbtagsschüler*innen ausfallen. Die Forschungsergebnisse stehen zum Teil in Einklang mit bereits bestehender Literatur zu diesem Feld und geben Anregungen für weitere Forschung. This Master Thesis examines the school and classroom climate in one Gymnasium in Graz and compares the perception of year 8 students of all-day and half-day classes. The different arguments for all-day schools are promising, however, the success of those schools is bound to different conditions. The school and classroom climate is crucial to the quality of all-day schools and the learning process (Eder, 2015a, S. 58-61; Eder, 2002, S. 215; Schatzl, 2011, S. 12).This thesis aims to gain new insights into the perception of the school and classroom environment in one all-day school in Graz. Therefore, the thesis intends to answer the following research questions: How do year 8 students in one all-day school in Graz perceive the school and classroom environment? Does the perception differentiate between the students of half-day and all-day classes? If yes, how so? This study takes on a quantitative approach and examines the school and classroom environment via a questionnaire. The results of the two research groups (half-day and allday students) were compared with each other. The results show that there is no significant difference in the perception of the classroom climate between the half-day and all-day students. The current study found that the majority of the results were found in the middle of the answer scale. Consequently, the students perceive different aspects of the school and classroom climate as well as the overall class climate as neither positive/supporting nor negative/inhibiting. However, minor differences in favor of the half-day students could be found in some subcategories of the classroom and school climate. The findings of the current study are consistent with previous research and provide insights for further research. Arbeit an der Bibliothek noch nicht eingelangt - Daten nicht geprüft Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der Verfasserin Masterarbeit Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz 2023

Published
2023

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