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The objectives of this research were to perform the physical, chemical and sensorial characterization, for hybrid and open pollinated tomato, within the Santa Cruz and Italian groups, aiming fresh consumption. A total of 14 fresh market tomato cultivars was used, six of them being experimental varieties and eight were commercial ones. The experimental design was of randomized blocks with six replicates and five plants per plot. For the chemicophysical analysis, samples of ripe fruits were randomly extracted from five plants in each plot, labeled and maintained under refrigeration at 5ºC until the next day after harvest. Afterwards, fruits of all cultivars were mixed, ground and divided in triplicates to be submitted to the physicochemical analysis. From the physicochemical analysis it was observed that the value of the ratio between soluble solids (SS)/titratable acidity (TA) was higher in the cultivars IAC 6 and IAC 3. In relation to the SS content, the highest values were obtained by cultivars IAC 1 and IAC 6. In order to evaluate the commercial value of the cultivars, a sensorial analysis was carried out with fruits tasted by 75 individuals, using a hedonic scale of seven points. The data were analyzed by variance analysis and grouping of means. The cultivars of the Italian group IAC 4, IAC 6, Netuno and Bari; as well as the cultivars of the Santa Cruz group IAC 1, IAC 5, HTV 0601 and Débora Victory reached the best scores in all the sensorial traits evaluated. All the cultivars presented reasonable quality of the fruits, with SS/TA ratio values higher than 16 and SS values higher than 4ºBrix. Os objetivos do trabalho foram caracterizar física, química e sensorialmente os frutos de tomate de cultivares híbridas e de polinização aberta, dentro dos grupos Santa Cruz e Italiano, visando o consumo in natura. Utilizaram-se 14 cultivares de tomate de mesa, sendo seis experimentais e oito comerciais. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados com seis repetições e cinco plantas úteis por parcela. Para as análises físico-químicas, as amostras dos frutos vermelhos maduros foram retiradas aleatoriamente de cinco plantas de cada parcela, etiquetadas e mantidas sob refrigeração a 5ºC até o dia seguinte à colheita. Em seguida, os frutos de cada cultivar foram misturados, triturados e divididos em triplicatas para as análises físico-químicas. Verificou-se que o valor da relação sólidos solúveis (SS)/acidez titulável (AT) foi maior nas cultivares IAC 6 e IAC 3. Com relação ao teor de SS, os maiores valores foram obtidos pelas cultivares IAC 1 e IAC 6. Para constatar a aceitação pública das cultivares, foi realizada uma análise sensorial dos frutos com 75 provadores, utilizando-se uma escala hedônica de sete pontos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e agrupamento de médias. As cultivares do grupo Italiano IAC 4, IAC 6, Netuno e Bari; bem como as cultivares do grupo Santa Cruz: IAC 1, IAC 5, HTV 0601 e Débora Victory obtiveram as melhores notas em todos os atributos sensoriais avaliados. Todas as cultivares apresentaram frutos de qualidade, com valores da relação SS/AT maiores que 16 e teor de SS maior que 4ºBrix.

The performance of lettuce in sole and intercropped with green manures was assessed under different establishment times. The lettuce fresh and dry weight, number of leaves per plant, diameter and length of head, and fresh and dry weight of green manure were evaluated. The intercropping design was additive and both cash and cover crops were planted in rows. The experimental design was of randomized complete blocks in split plot scheme, with six replicates. The plots represented the green manure sowing days (0, 20, 40 and 60 before transplanting of lettuce), and the sub-plots were assigned by cropping systems (lettuce in sole crop and intercropped with black oat, cowpea or white lupin). Simultaneous planting in the intercropping did not affect the lettuce performance. However, when the green manures were sown before lettuce, they influenced it in a negative way. Among the green manures, cowpea increased biomass and had a higher negative effect on lettuce performance compared to white lupin, which appeared to produce less competition. The sole crop and the intercropping with simultaneous planting of the green manures resulted in a better lettuce performance.

A 20-year-old man presented with a rare case of germinoma with a large component of epithelioid cell granuloma manifesting as oscillopsia. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a mass in the pineal region with homogeneous enhancement with gadolinium. Craniotomy was performed, ending in biopsy. The initial histological diagnosis was epithelioid cell granuloma, but systemic investigation detected no evidence of granulomatous disorder. A revised diagnosis of germinoma was based on positive immunohistochemical staining for placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) and c-kit. Histological diagnosis is sometimes incorrect if granulomatous reaction is dominant. Immunohistochemical staining for PLAP and c-kit should be performed if germinoma is clinically suspected.

Cerebral aneurysms are the predominant cause of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, if an aneurismal cause has been excluded, there remains but a short list of meningiomas or metastatic lesions as possible causes. This article details a case of neoplasm that presented exclusively with SAH. A 31-year-old male presented with a SAH with normal cerebral angiography. The initial magnetic resonance image (MRI) revealed a lesion in the left uncus thought to be recovering hemorrhage. Subsequent MRI, however revealed the mass to be expanding. A neuroendoscopical biopsy of the lesion established a diagnosis of glioblastoma. An affirmation is made that patients experiencing "angiographically-negative" SAH should undergo MRI, occasionally on a serial basis, to exclude other etiologies for hemorrhage, including neoplasma.

前頭開頭して前頭蓋底へと到達する Transbasal approach にて手術が行なわれた15症例から, 本アプローチ法の有用性について検討した。15症例のなかで11例は前頭蓋底へ浸潤した鼻副鼻腔の悪性腫瘍であり, また11例は Transbasal approach に加え, 顔面切開と上顎骨の切除するいわゆる Transfacial approach を併用した。前頭蓋底の再建には全例に前頭筋骨膜弁と4例には側頭筋膜骨膜弁を併用し, また13例に頭蓋底へ遊離骨移植を, 4例に硬膜再建を行なった。術後は髄膜炎やその他重篤な合併症はなく, 前頭筋骨膜弁の生着も良好で再建法については満足し得る成績であったが, Transfacial approach によって顔面骨を広く切除された症例においては, 術後の顔面形態の変貌や鼻内痂疲付着などの鼻腔機能の障害が多くみられた。一方病変部が前頭蓋底から鼻腔上半部に限局する症例においては, Transbasal approach のみによって切除は可能であり, また上顎洞粘膜, 骨梨状孔縁や下甲介などの鼻腔下部構造が保存されたため, 実際の術後機能と形態保持はきわめて良好であった。頭蓋内からみた鼻副鼻腔の臨床解剖がより一層理解されれば, Transbasal approach 法によって得られる鼻腔への視野展開はむしろ経口蓋法よりも広範囲であり, また前頭開頭に眼窩上の骨切り (Supraorbital Bar) を追加することにより更に視野は良好となる。そのため本法は前頭蓋底へ浸潤した鼻副鼻腔腫瘍の切除の際にはより安全確実で, かつ第一選択となり得るアプローチ法であると考えられた。

A biaxially-stretched film method has been proposed and applied for the analysis of the electronic absorption spectrum of a solute embedded in a biaxially-stretched polymer film to demonstrate its usefulness. The intrinsic absorbance change of the solute on biaxial stretching was measured by a ratio (Rbi) of the molar absorptivity (eb) of the solute in the biaxially-stretched film to that (ei) in the nonstretched isotropic film. This Rbi(= eb⁄ei) spectrum was expressed in terms of three orientation factors for three molecular axes of the solute and three absorption components (three-dimensional reduced spectra) purely polarized along the three molecular axes. Problems inherent in this method are discussed by analyzing the Rbi spectra of spherical, disk-like, and rod-like molecules. An approximate estimate of the three-dimensional reduced spectra of a rod-like molecule (pinacyanol, 1-ethyl-2-[3-(1-ethyl-2(1H)-quinolinylidene)-1-propenyl]quinolinium iodide) was obtained by an analysis of its Rbi spectrum by...

We report a case of eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis. This patient, a 50-year-old male, had been eating uncooked slugs for 40 years. His chief complaints on admission were headache, fever and general fatigue. Neurological examination and CT findings were normal, but the CSF contained increased cells, most of which were eosinophilic cells. The presence of eosinophilic cells in the CSF is by itself abnormal. We therefore suspected eosinophilic meningitis and performed immunological tests. Since the gelatin particle method and immunological antigen antibody reaction were positive. We diagnosed the patient as having eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis. There are only 27 reported cases of this disease in Japan, and most of them have been reported in Okinawa-Prefecture.

A 20-year-old man presented with a rare case of germinoma with a large component of epithelioid cell granuloma manifesting as oscillopsia. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a mass in the pineal region with homogeneous enhancement with gadolinium. Craniotomy was performed, ending in biopsy. The initial histological diagnosis was epithelioid cell granuloma, but systemic investigation detected no evidence of granulomatous disorder. A revised diagnosis of germinoma was based on positive immunohistochemical staining for placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) and c-kit. Histological diagnosis is sometimes incorrect if granulomatous reaction is dominant. Immunohistochemical staining for PLAP and c-kit should be performed if germinoma is clinically suspected.

The facial nerve schwannoma is a rare tumor and it seldom extends into the middle cranial fossa. The typical clinical presentations are progressive facial paralysis and hearing disturbance. We report here a case of huge facial nere facial nerve schwannoma extending into the middle cranial fossa without facial palsy. A 50-year-old man presented with left hearing disturbance. Neurological examination on admission revealed no deficits except for sensorineural hearing loss. MRI demonstrated a cystic tumor extending into the ddle cral fossa from the petrous bone CT the middle cranial fossa from the petrous bone. CT of the temporal bone showed destruction of the surrounding bone around the geniculate ganglion and invasion of the tumor into the tympanic cavity and internal auditory canal. The intracranial tumor was totally removed and the operative specimen demonstrated that the tumor was a schwannoma. The patient was discharged without neurological deficit. The facial nerve schwannoma extending into the middle cranial fossa without facial palsy is rare and only 4 cases have been reported in the literature. The tumor origin was in the greater superficial petrosal nerve and geniculate ganglion. The symptom is conductive hearing loss caused by the tumor extending into the tympanic cavity. We should bear in mind that there is a also rare type of facial nerve schwannoma manifesting hearing disturbance alone.

Olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare tumor of the nasal cavity. It is a locally aggressive tumor with local recurrence, and distant metastasis occurs in 22-40% of patients. We report a case of olfactory neuroblastoma with cauda equina metastases. A 49-year old male had undergone surgery twice previously; the first for olfactory neuroblastoma in October, 1990, and the second for its intracranial and orbital metastasis in September, 1999. He complained of lumbago in autumn, 2005 and MRI showed two enhanced lesions in the cauda equina. The mass was partially removed and histologically diagnosed as olfactory neuroblastoma metastasis. Whole-spine irradiation of 32 Gy and lumber-spine irradiation of 10 Gy were performed. The mass at L2/3 was disappeared after the irradiation although the mass at L4/5 was not changed in size. The patient was discharged without neurological deficit and is now kept under observation as an outpatient. Olfactory neuroblastoma with spinal metastasis is rare and only 11 cases have been reported in the literature. A very poor prognosis was observed in the patients of olfactory neuroblastoma with spinal metastasis. Olfactory neuroblastoma is a radiosensitive tumor, and radiotherapy for spinal metastasis was reported to be effective. However, effectiveness of chemotherapy was still uncertain. The patient with olfactory neuroblastoma should be observed carefully even though no local recurrence had been detected over 10 years. Radiotherapy and further treatment including chemotherapy should be considered in case of spinal metastasis.

This project aimed to construct an operating room to implement high dimensional (3D, 4D) medical imaging and medical virtual reality techniques that would enable clinical tests for new surgical procedures. We designed and constructed such an operating room at Dai-san Hospital, the Jikei Univ. School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. The room was equipped with various facilities for image-guided, robot and tele- surgery. In this report, we describe an outline of our "high-tech operating room" and future plans.

The patient was a 23-year-old female with adenocarcinoma of nasal cavity. Previously she had resection of tumor by transal approach. But she visited our hospital because of recurrence of tumor. From findings of CT, MRI, and X-P examination performed prior to the reoperation of this time, it was confirmed that the tumor invaded the anterior skull base. The tumor was removed by combined craniofacial approach, and a defect of 3×1.5cm in size was formed in the anterior skull base. An axial galeo-p eriosteal flap, which was based on the superficial temporalartery, was applied for reconstruction of skull base. Moreover a part of the outer-table of calvarial bone attached with the flap was used for bone reconstruction of skull base. After that, from the nasal side, split-thickness skin graft was sutured to the inferior surface. Postoperative results was successul and she was discharged without complication after 6 weeks.It is considered that this surgical technigue i suseful for reconstruction of defecet in the anterior skull base.

The authors obtained the following results in an experiment of 30 lateral head impacts applied to 10 monkeys. 1. Lateral impact tolerance which is an index of concussion was estimated to be about twice as high as sagittal impact tolerance, but more experimental cases in the future will be required to decide the proper tolerance level. 2. Concussions had three types of effects on the cardiopulmonary system, and significant mutual correlations and correlation with concussion severity were shown. 3. It is characteristic of lateral impact that, although the tolerance level appears to be high, there are diverse and characteristic pathological changes, and it is assumed that contusions such as gliding contusion and Zentrale Hirnschaden (or intermediary contusions) are apt to occur in cases of lateral impact.

Translational acceleration impact was applied to elicit cerebral concussion and contusion in subhuman primates (12 Japanese monkeys and 2 baboons) using a HYGE sled and a slider-impactor system. All animals were concussed more than 15 seconds by force ranging from 240 to 960 G (duration; 17.5-3.5 msec.) in average head accelerations. Five monkeys among 8 with frontal impact died within 27 minutes. This well correlated with thoracic trauma, including rib fracture and small mediastinal hemorrhage. Only one animal (baboon) among 6 with occipital impact died immediately and the cerebro-spinal junction was found traumatically severed. Bradycardia, apnea, systemic hypotension and depression of EEG activity occurred immediately after impact in every animal. No visible intracranial pathology, such as brain contusion, subdural hematoma, or intracerebral hematoma was noticed. Microscopic examination revealed central chromatolysis of nerve cells and degeneration of Purkinje cells. However, these findings did not correlate with the post-impact state of the animals nor with biomechanical data. Our experiment suggests that translational acceleration impact to the brain does not usually cause gross morphological changes. Secondly, the so-called brain concussion might be the result of the cumulative effect of, 1) transient medullary paralysis, 2) cardio-respiratory depression of cervical cord origin, as well as, 3) cardiocirculatory insufficiency due to thoracic impact (primary shock). If severe, these factors would generate a vicious cycle to lead to a state of circulatory catastrophe which ends in death only.

It has been said that cerebellar symptoms caused by head injury are rare. The first reason is, injury of the cerebellum is usually fatal due to either combined intracranial hemorrhage or brain stem lesions. The second is, the posterior cranial fossa and cerebellum have specific features in anatomical view point so that the cerebellum rarely suffers from injury by impact. In 1969, R.C. Cantu reported on 2 cases which showed midline cerebellar symptoms consisting of dysarthria, truncal ataxia and rotatory nystagmus following occipital head trauma. He postulated a new syndrome “The transient traumatic cerebellar dysfunction” for this symptoms. We present 7 cases of post-traumatic cerebellar symptoms caused by closed head trauma. Summary of 7 cases : 1. Ratio of male and female was 5:2, age distribution was from 9 to 34 years of age; 2. Site of trauma included occipital region in 5 cases, frontal region in 1 case, and unknown in 1 case. Initial loss of consciousness was absent in 5 cases, few minutes in 1 case, and 2 weeks in 1 case; 3. Craniogram: 1 case showed right-frontal linear fracture and others were normal; 4. Cerebellar signs revealed were such as dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesis, horizontal nystagmus and ataxia. Other neurological findings such as pyramidal signs and sensory disturbances were negative; 5. Laboratory findings such as lumbar puncture and other pertinent findings were negative; 6. Clinical course: Cerebellar symptoms improved within few days or few months in 6 cases, whithin one year in 1 case; 7. Same symptoms reccurred twice in 1 case following minor occipital injuries. The symptoms were maximal immediately after trauma and steadily improved in all cases. The pathophysiology of these symptoms, whether it is due to cerebellar concussion or contusion, is unknown. In one case, traumatic infra-tentorial hematoma was suspected and suboccipital exploratory craniectomy was undertaken. However, neither hematoma nor contusion in the posterior cranial fossa and of the cerebellum, was discovered. The observations presented here and the cases reported by other authors suggest that these symptoms may occur with or without cerebellar hemorrhage and contusion. Because the authors experienced a recurrence of these symptoms in one patient as referred in 7., the authors presume that there must be some other predisposition in manifestation of this symptoms. Recognition of this symptoms is not only important but also helpful in the diagnosis of posterior fossa lesions after head injuries.

The authors obtained the following results in this experiment in which monkeys were subjected to frontal and occipital blows with their heads in an unrestrained condition. 1) With respect to the impact to the head and the occurrence of concussion, translational acceleration is more important than rotational acceleration. 2) The concussion threshold of monkeys was an equal speed curve of 16 m/s for occipital blows, while in the case of frontal blows, a hyperbolic curve which is somewhat higher than that for occipital blows was obtained. This concussion tolerance curve was converted into the concussion tolerance curve for humans by means of dimensional analysis. 3) A close correlation was suggested between changes in the EEG amplitude and the severity of the concussion. The more severe the concussion, the greater the decrease in the EEG amplitude. 4) The concussions could be classified into three types pathologically. The first type showed capillary dilatation and vascular permeability. The second type showed hemorrhages at sites far from the cerebral cortex and the third type showed hemorrhages in the cerebral cortex. The second and third types were in parallel with the severity of the concussion.

O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de cana-de-açúcar e de etanol1. A cana-de-açúcar é a maior fonte de energia renovável do País, com 15,9% de participação na matriz energética atual, superando pela primeira vez a oferta de energia hidrelétrica (14,8%), considerando-se o etanol combustível e a cogeração de eletricidade a partir do bagaço2. Sua área plantada passa de 7 milhões de hectares; e sua produção gira em torno de 490 milhões de toneladas na safra 2007/083. Made available in DSpace on 2011-04-09T17:41:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AIA202009.pdf: 129655 bytes, checksum: ea78af326adb1995b577f6d89fa6049a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-20