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1,957 results on '"Harvey, Nicholas"'

1. Explicit Orthogonal Arrays and Universal Hashing with Arbitrary Parameters

Author

Harvey, Nicholas and Sahami, Arvin

Subjects
Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms, Computer Science - Computational Complexity, Mathematics - Combinatorics, Mathematics - Statistics Theory
Abstract

Orthogonal arrays are a type of combinatorial design that were developed in the 1940s in the design of statistical experiments. In 1947, Rao proved a lower bound on the size of any orthogonal array, and raised the problem of constructing arrays of minimum size. Kuperberg, Lovett and Peled (2017) gave a non-constructive existence proof of orthogonal arrays whose size is near-optimal (i.e., within a polynomial of Rao's lower bound), leaving open the question of an algorithmic construction. We give the first explicit, deterministic, algorithmic construction of orthogonal arrays achieving near-optimal size for all parameters. Our construction uses algebraic geometry codes. In pseudorandomness, the notions of $t$-independent generators or $t$-independent hash functions are equivalent to orthogonal arrays. Classical constructions of $t$-independent hash functions are known when the size of the codomain is a prime power, but very few constructions are known for an arbitrary codomain. Our construction yields algorithmically efficient $t$-independent hash functions for arbitrary domain and codomain.

Published
2024
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4. Clinical and demographic factors determining patient fracture risk decision point (FRDP): The improving risk communication in osteoporosis (RICO) project

Author

Sharma, Mitali, Beaudart, Charlotte, Clark, Patricia, Fujiwara, Saeko, Adachi, Jonathan D., Papaioannou, Alexandra, Messina, Osvaldo D., Morin, Suzanne N., Kohlmeier, Lynn, Nogues, Xavier, Leckie, Carolyn, Harvey, Nicholas C., Kanis, John A., Reginster, Jean-Yves, Hiligsmann, Mickael, and Silverman, Stuart L.

Published
2024
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5. Predictive value of sarcopenia components for all-cause mortality: findings from population-based cohorts

Author

Westbury, Leo D, Harvey, Nicholas C, Beaudart, Charlotte, Bruyère, Olivier, Cauley, Jane A, Cawthon, Peggy, Cruz-Jentoft, Alfonso J, Curtis, Elizabeth M, Ensrud, Kristine, Fielding, Roger A, Johansson, Helena, Kanis, John A, Karlsson, Magnus K, Lane, Nancy E, Lengelé, Laetitia, Lorentzon, Mattias, McCloskey, Eugene, Mellström, Dan, Newman, Anne B, Ohlsson, Claes, Orwoll, Eric, Reginster, Jean-Yves, Ribom, Eva, Rosengren, Björn E, Schousboe, John T, Dennison, Elaine M, and Cooper, Cyrus

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Minority Health, Physical Activity, Osteoporosis, Aging, Prevention, Clinical Research, Musculoskeletal, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Sarcopenia, Male, Aged, Hand Strength, Female, Walking Speed, Cohort Studies, Risk Factors, Predictive Value of Tests, Aged, 80 and over, Mortality, and the International Musculoskeletal Ageing Network, Ageing, Epidemiology, Public Health and Health Services, Cognitive Sciences, Geriatrics, Clinical sciences
Abstract

BackgroundLow grip strength and gait speed are associated with mortality. However, investigation of the additional mortality risk explained by these measures, over and above other factors, is limited.AimWe examined whether grip strength and gait speed improve discriminative capacity for mortality over and above more readily obtainable clinical risk factors.MethodsParticipants from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study, Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study, and the Hertfordshire Cohort Study were analysed. Appendicular lean mass (ALM) was ascertained using DXA; muscle strength by grip dynamometry; and usual gait speed over 2.4-6 m. Verified deaths were recorded. Associations between sarcopenia components and mortality were examined using Cox regression with cohort as a random effect; discriminative capacity was assessed using Harrell's Concordance Index (C-index).ResultsMean (SD) age of participants (n = 8362) was 73.8(5.1) years; 5231(62.6%) died during a median follow-up time of 13.3 years. Grip strength (hazard ratio (95% CI) per SD decrease: 1.14 (1.10,1.19)) and gait speed (1.21 (1.17,1.26)), but not ALM index (1.01 (0.95,1.06)), were associated with mortality in mutually-adjusted models after accounting for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, ethnicity, education, history of fractures and falls, femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD), self-rated health, cognitive function and number of comorbidities. However, a model containing only age and sex as exposures gave a C-index (95% CI) of 0.65(0.64,0.66), which only increased to 0.67(0.67,0.68) after inclusion of grip strength and gait speed.ConclusionsGrip strength and gait speed may generate only modest adjunctive risk information for mortality compared with other more readily obtainable risk factors.

Published
2024

6. Updated practice guideline for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

Author

Slart, Riemer H. J. A., Punda, Marija, Ali, Dalal S., Bazzocchi, Alberto, Bock, Oliver, Camacho, Pauline, Carey, John J., Colquhoun, Anita, Compston, Juliet, Engelke, Klaus, Erba, Paola A., Harvey, Nicholas C., Krueger, Diane, Lems, Willem F., Lewiecki, E. Michael, Morgan, Sarah, Moseley, Kendall F., O’Brien, Christopher, Probyn, Linda, Rhee, Yumie, Richmond, Bradford, Schousboe, John T., Shuhart, Christopher, Ward, Kate A., Van den Wyngaert, Tim, Zhang-Yin, Jules, and Khan, Aliya A.

Published
2024
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7. Race-specific FRAX models are evidence-based and support equitable care: a response to the ASBMR Task Force report on Clinical Algorithms for Fracture Risk

Author

Kanis, John A., Harvey, Nicholas C., Lorentzon, Mattias, Liu, Enwu, Schini, Marian, Abrahamsen, Bo, Adachi, Jonathan D., Alokail, Majed, Borgstrom, Fredrik, Bruyère, Olivier, Carey, John J., Clark, Patricia, Cooper, Cyrus, Curtis, Elizabeth M., Dennison, Elaine M., Díaz-Curiel, Manuel, Dimai, Hans P., Grigorie, Daniel, Hiligsmann, Mickael, Khashayar, Patricia, Lems, Willem, Lewiecki, E. Michael, Lorenc, Roman S., Papaioannou, Alexandra, Reginster, Jean-Yves, Rizzoli, René, Shiroma, Eric, Silverman, Stuart L., Simonsick, Eleanor, Sosa-Henríquez, Manuel, Szulc, Pawel, Ward, Kate A., Yoshimura, Noriko, Johansson, Helena, Vandenput, Liesbeth, and McCloskey, Eugene V.

Published
2024
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9. Recommendations for the optimal use of bone forming agents in osteoporosis

Author

Veronese, Nicola, Briot, Karine, Guañabens, Nuria, Albergaria, Ben Hur, Alokail, Majed, Al-Daghri, Nasser, Bemden, Angie Botto-van, Bruyère, Olivier, Burlet, Nansa, Cooper, Cyrus, Curtis, Elizabeth M., Ebeling, Peter R., Halbout, Philippe, Hesse, Eric, Hiligsmann, Mickaël, Camargos, Bruno Muzzi, Harvey, Nicholas C., Perez, Adolfo Diez, Radermecker, Régis Pierre, Reginster, Jean-Yves, Rizzoli, René, Siggelkow, Heide, Cortet, Bernard, and Brandi, Maria Luisa

Published
2024
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10. Radiofrequency echographic multi spectrometry (REMS) in the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis: state of the art

Author

Fuggle, Nicholas R, Reginster, Jean-Yves, Al-Daghri, Nasser, Bruyere, Olivier, Burlet, Nansa, Campusano, Claudia, Cooper, Cyrus, Perez, Adolfo Diez, Halbout, Philippe, Ghi, Tullio, Kaufman, Jean-Marc, Kurt, Andreas, Matijevic, Radmila, Radermecker, Regis P, Tuzun, Sansin, Veronese, Nicola, Rizzoli, Rene, Harvey, Nicholas C, Brandi, Maria Luisa, and Brandi, Maria-Luisa

Published
2024
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12. Evidence-Based Guideline for the management of osteoporosis in men

Author

Fuggle, Nicholas R., Beaudart, Charlotte, Bruyère, Olivier, Abrahamsen, Bo, Al-Daghri, Nasser, Burlet, Nansa, Chandran, Manju, Rosa, Mario M., Cortet, Bernard, Demonceau, Céline, Dere, Willard, Halbout, Philippe, Hiligsmann, Mickaël, Kanis, John A., Kaufman, Jean-Marc, Kurth, Andreas, Lamy, Olivier, Laslop, Andrea, Maggi, Stefania, Matijevic, Radmila, McCloskey, Eugene, Mobasheri, Ali, Prieto Yerro, Maria C., Radermecker, Régis P., Sabico, Shaun, Al-Saleh, Yousef, Silverman, Stuart, Veronese, Nicola, Rizzoli, René, Cooper, Cyrus, Reginster, Jean-Yves, and Harvey, Nicholas C.

Published
2024
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13. The identification of distinct protective and susceptibility mechanisms for hip osteoarthritis: findings from a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of minimum joint space width and Mendelian randomisation cluster analyses

Author

Faber, Benjamin G, Frysz, Monika, Boer, Cindy G, Evans, Daniel S, Ebsim, Raja, Flynn, Kaitlyn A, Lundberg, Mischa, Southam, Lorraine, Hartley, April, Saunders, Fiona R, Lindner, Claudia, Gregory, Jennifer S, Aspden, Richard M, Lane, Nancy E, Harvey, Nicholas C, Evans, David M, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Davey Smith, George, Cootes, Timothy, Van Meurs, Joyce, Kemp, John P, and Tobias, Jonathan H

Subjects
Arthritis, Clinical Research, Genetics, Aging, Human Genome, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Musculoskeletal, Cartilage, Genome-wide association study, Mendelian randomisation, Osteoarthritis, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Clinical sciences, Epidemiology
Abstract

BackgroundHip minimum joint space width (mJSW) provides a proxy for cartilage thickness. This study aimed to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of mJSW to (i) identify new genetic determinants of mJSW and (ii) identify which mJSW loci convey hip osteoarthritis (HOA) risk and would therefore be of therapeutic interest.MethodsGWAS meta-analysis of hip mJSW derived from plain X-rays and DXA was performed, stratified by sex and adjusted for age and ancestry principal components. Mendelian randomisation (MR) and cluster analyses were used to examine causal effect of mJSW on HOA.Findings50,745 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. 42 SNPs, which mapped to 39 loci, were identified. Mendelian randomisation (MR) revealed little evidence of a causal effect of mJSW on HOA (ORIVW 0.98 [95% CI 0.82-1.18]). However, MR-Clust analysis suggested the null MR estimates reflected the net effect of two distinct causal mechanisms cancelling each other out, one of which was protective, whereas the other increased HOA susceptibility. For the latter mechanism, all loci were positively associated with height, suggesting mechanisms leading to greater height and mJSW increase the risk of HOA in later life.InterpretationsOne group of mJSW loci reduce HOA risk via increased mJSW, suggesting possible utility as targets for chondroprotective therapies. The second group of mJSW loci increased HOA risk, despite increasing mJSW, but were also positively related to height, suggesting they contribute to HOA risk via a growth-related mechanism.FundingPrimarily funded by the Medical Research Council and Wellcome Trust.

Published
2023

14. A meta-analysis of previous falls and subsequent fracture risk in cohort studies

Author

Vandenput, Liesbeth, Johansson, Helena, McCloskey, Eugene V., Liu, Enwu, Schini, Marian, Åkesson, Kristina E., Anderson, Fred A., Azagra, Rafael, Bager, Cecilie L., Beaudart, Charlotte, Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A., Biver, Emmanuel, Bruyère, Olivier, Cauley, Jane A., Center, Jacqueline R., Chapurlat, Roland, Christiansen, Claus, Cooper, Cyrus, Crandall, Carolyn J., Cummings, Steven R., da Silva, José A. P., Dawson-Hughes, Bess, Diez-Perez, Adolfo, Dufour, Alyssa B., Eisman, John A., Elders, Petra J. M., Ferrari, Serge, Fujita, Yuki, Fujiwara, Saeko, Glüer, Claus-Christian, Goldshtein, Inbal, Goltzman, David, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Hall, Jill, Hans, Didier, Hoff, Mari, Hollick, Rosemary J., Huisman, Martijn, Iki, Masayuki, Ish-Shalom, Sophia, Jones, Graeme, Karlsson, Magnus K., Khosla, Sundeep, Kiel, Douglas P., Koh, Woon-Puay, Koromani, Fjorda, Kotowicz, Mark A., Kröger, Heikki, Kwok, Timothy, Lamy, Olivier, Langhammer, Arnulf, Larijani, Bagher, Lippuner, Kurt, McGuigan, Fiona E. A., Mellström, Dan, Merlijn, Thomas, Nguyen, Tuan V., Nordström, Anna, Nordström, Peter, O’Neill, Terence W., Obermayer-Pietsch, Barbara, Ohlsson, Claes, Orwoll, Eric S., Pasco, Julie A., Rivadeneira, Fernando, Schott, Anne-Marie, Shiroma, Eric J., Siggeirsdottir, Kristin, Simonsick, Eleanor M., Sornay-Rendu, Elisabeth, Sund, Reijo, Swart, Karin M. A., Szulc, Pawel, Tamaki, Junko, Torgerson, David J., van Schoor, Natasja M., van Staa, Tjeerd P., Vila, Joan, Wareham, Nicholas J., Wright, Nicole C., Yoshimura, Noriko, Zillikens, MCarola, Zwart, Marta, Harvey, Nicholas C., Lorentzon, Mattias, Leslie, William D., and Kanis, John A.

Published
2024
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15. Patients’ preferences for fracture risk communication: the Risk Communication in Osteoporosis (RICO) study

Author

Beaudart, Charlotte, Sharma, Mitali, Clark, Patricia, Fujiwara, Saeko, Adachi, Jonathan D., Messina, Osvaldo D., Morin, Suzanne N., Kohlmeier, Lynn A., Sangan, Caroline B., Nogues, Xavier, Cruz-Priego, Griselda Adriana, Cavallo, Andrea, Cooper, Fiona, Grier, Jamie, Leckie, Carolyn, Montiel-Ojeda, Diana, Papaioannou, Alexandra, Raskin, Nele, Yurquina, Leonardo, Wall, Michelle, Bruyère, Olivier, Boonen, Annelies, Dennison, Elaine, Harvey, Nicholas C., Kanis, John A., Kaux, Jean-François, Lewiecki, E. Michael, Lopez-Borbon, Oscar, Paskins, Zoé, Reginster, Jean-Yves, Silverman, Stuart, and Hiligsmann, Mickaël

Published
2024
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16. Recent sarcopenia definitions—prevalence, agreement and mortality associations among men: Findings from population‐based cohorts

Author

Westbury, Leo D, Beaudart, Charlotte, Bruyère, Olivier, Cauley, Jane A, Cawthon, Peggy, Cruz‐Jentoft, Alfonso J, Curtis, Elizabeth M, Ensrud, Kristine, Fielding, Roger A, Johansson, Helena, Kanis, John A, Karlsson, Magnus K, Lane, Nancy E, Lengelé, Laetitia, Lorentzon, Mattias, McCloskey, Eugene, Mellström, Dan, Newman, Anne B, Ohlsson, Claes, Orwoll, Eric, Reginster, Jean‐Yves, Ribom, Eva, Rosengren, Björn E, Schousboe, John T, Shiroma, Eric J, Harvey, Nicholas C, Dennison, Elaine M, Cooper, Cyrus, and Network, the International Musculoskeletal Ageing

Subjects
Allied Health and Rehabilitation Science, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Prevention, Aging, Clinical Research, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Musculoskeletal, Good Health and Well Being, Male, Humans, Aged, Sarcopenia, Cohort Studies, Prevalence, Muscle Strength, Epidemiology, Ageing, Mortality, International Musculoskeletal Ageing Network, Physiology, Human Movement and Sports Sciences, Clinical sciences, Allied health and rehabilitation science, Sports science and exercise
Abstract

The 2019 European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) and the Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium (SDOC) have recently proposed sarcopenia definitions. However, comparisons of the performance of these approaches in terms of thresholds employed, concordance in individuals and prediction of important health-related outcomes such as death are limited. We addressed this in a large multinational assembly of cohort studies that included information on lean mass, muscle strength, physical performance and health outcomes. White men from the Health Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study, Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study cohorts (Sweden, USA), the Hertfordshire Cohort Study (HCS) and the Sarcopenia and Physical impairment with advancing Age (SarcoPhAge) Study were analysed. Appendicular lean mass (ALM) was ascertained using DXA; muscle strength by grip dynamometry; and usual gait speed over courses of 2.4-6 m. Deaths were recorded and verified. Definitions of sarcopenia were as follows: EWGSOP2 (grip strength

Published
2023

17. List of contributors

Author

Adams, John S., primary, Amrein, Karin, additional, Anderson, Paul H., additional, Arnold, Leggy A., additional, Arora, Juhi, additional, Artusa, Patricio, additional, Ascherio, Alberto, additional, Asmussen, Niels C., additional, Astier, Anne L., additional, Bak, Min Ji, additional, Bauerle, Kevin T., additional, Belorusova, Anna Y., additional, Benkusky, Nancy A., additional, Bernal-Mizrachi, Carlos, additional, Bhattoa, Harjit P., additional, Bikle, Daniel D., additional, Bilezikian, John P., additional, Binkley, Neil C., additional, Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A., additional, Bishop, Charles W., additional, Blomberg Jensen, Martin, additional, Boisen, Ida Marie, additional, Boucher, Barbara J., additional, Bouillon, Roger, additional, Boyan, Barbara D., additional, Bradford, Dana, additional, Brancatella, Alessandro, additional, Buburuzan, Laura, additional, Burne, Thomas H.J., additional, Buschittari, Damien, additional, Calkins, Hannah, additional, Calvo, Mona S., additional, Camargo, Carlos A., additional, Campbell, Moray J., additional, Cantorna, Margherita T., additional, Cappellani, Daniele, additional, Carlberg, Carsten, additional, Carmeliet, Geert, additional, Cashman, Kevin D., additional, Ceglia, Lisa, additional, Cetani, Filomena, additional, Chang, Wenhan, additional, Cheadle, Charlotte, additional, Chou, Sharon H., additional, Christakos, Sylvia, additional, Christopher, Kenneth B., additional, Chu, Emily Y., additional, Chun, Rene F., additional, Cleal, Jane K., additional, Cobice, Diego F., additional, Cooper, Cyrus, additional, Coort, Susan L.M., additional, Cui, Xiaoying, additional, Curtis, Elizabeth M., additional, Danilenko, Michael, additional, Darling, Andrea L., additional, David Roodman, G., additional, Dawson-Hughes, Bess, additional, de Jongh, Renate, additional, Demay, Marie B., additional, Dennison, Elaine M., additional, Dixon, Katie M., additional, Dong, Bingning, additional, Doroudi, Maryam, additional, Dusso, Adriana, additional, Dvorzhinskiy, Aleksey, additional, Ebeling, Peter R., additional, Erben, Reinhold G., additional, Evelo, Chris T.A., additional, Eyles, Darryl, additional, Feldman, David, additional, Ferrer-Mayorga, Gemma, additional, Fleet, James C., additional, Forcellati, Marianela, additional, Foster, Brian L., additional, Gafni, Rachel I., additional, Gayan-Ramirez, Ghislaine, additional, Giovannucci, Edward, additional, Girgis, Christian M., additional, Glencross, Drew A., additional, Glorieux, Francis H., additional, Gocek, Elzbieta, additional, Goldfarb, David S., additional, Goltzman, David, additional, González-Sancho, José Manuel, additional, Grant, William B., additional, Groves, Natalie J., additional, Gysemans, Conny, additional, Harrison, Stephanie, additional, Harvey, Nicholas C., additional, Haseltine, Katherine, additional, Hawrylowicz, Catherine M., additional, Hayes, Colleen E., additional, Heckel, John E., additional, Hershberger, Pamela A., additional, Hewison, Martin, additional, Högler, Wolfgang, additional, Holick, Michael F., additional, Hollis, Bruce W., additional, Holt, Rune, additional, Hujoel, Philippe P., additional, Hyppönen, Elina, additional, Ismailova, Aiten, additional, Jablonski, Nina G., additional, Jakobsen, Jette, additional, Janssens, Wim, additional, Jeffery, Louisa, additional, Jenkinson, Carl, additional, Jensen, Marie Bagge, additional, Jetten, Anton M., additional, Jiang, Heng, additional, Johnson, Candace S., additional, Jones, Glenville, additional, Jones, Kerry S., additional, Jüppner, Harald, additional, Kalia, Vandana, additional, Kallay, Enikö, additional, Karapalis, Andrew C., additional, Kaufmann, Martin, additional, Kiely, Mairead, additional, Kim, Hanseul, additional, Kim, Tiffany Y., additional, Kojima, Hiroyuki, additional, Kooij, Ireen, additional, Kovacs, Christopher S., additional, Kremer, Richard, additional, Krieger, Kirsten, additional, Kritmetapak, Kittrawee, additional, Krueger, Diane C., additional, Kumar, Rajiv, additional, Kurihara, Noriyoshi, additional, Lane, Joseph M., additional, Lanham-New, Susan A., additional, Latic, Nejla, additional, LeBoff, Meryl S., additional, Lee, Maija B., additional, Lee, Seong Min, additional, Levine, Michael A., additional, Lewis, Richard, additional, Lewis, Rohan M., additional, Li, Wei, additional, Li, Yan Chun, additional, Lincoln, Matthew R., additional, Lips, Paul, additional, Lisse, Thomas S., additional, Liu, Eva S., additional, López de Maturana, Evangelina, additional, Lugg, Sebastian T., additional, Machado, Christopher J., additional, Maes, Karen, additional, Maestro, Miguel A., additional, Malats, Núria, additional, Malloy, Peter J., additional, Manousaki, Despoina, additional, Marcinkowska, Ewa, additional, Marcocci, Claudio, additional, Martens, Pieter-Jan, additional, Martineau, Adrian R., additional, Mason, Rebecca S., additional, Mathieu, Chantal, additional, Mayne, Phoebe, additional, McGrath, John J., additional, Mehta, Mansi, additional, Mellanby, Richard John, additional, Merchant, Nadia, additional, Meyer, Mark B., additional, Miao, Dengshun, additional, Moon, Rebecca J., additional, Mortensen, Li Juel, additional, Motlaghzadeh, Yasaman, additional, Munger, Kassandra L., additional, Muñoz, Alberto, additional, Nakamichi, Yuko, additional, Narvaez, Carmen J., additional, Nikiphorou, Elena, additional, Nonn, Larisa, additional, Pal, Lubna, additional, Parekh, Dhruv, additional, Pettifor, John M., additional, Pike, J. Wesley, additional, Pilz, Stefan, additional, Pittas, Anastassios G., additional, Pludowski, Pawel, additional, Prosser, David E., additional, Pullagura, Sri Ramulu N., additional, Raphael, Joseph, additional, Rauz, Saaeha, additional, Raza, Karim, additional, Real, Francisco X., additional, Reichrath, Jörg, additional, Richards, J. Brent, additional, Rivadeneira, Fernando, additional, Rochel, Natacha, additional, Roizen, Jeffrey D., additional, Ryan, Brittany A., additional, Sarkar, Surojit, additional, Sarmadi, Fatemeh, additional, Schafer, Anne L., additional, Schepelmann, Martin, additional, Schoenmakers, Inez, additional, Schuit, Frans, additional, Schwartz, Zvi, additional, Scott, Kayla M., additional, Sellmeyer, Deborah E., additional, Sempos, Christopher T., additional, Sepiashvili, Lusia, additional, Seshadri, Mukund, additional, Shane, Elizabeth, additional, Shaurova, Tatiana, additional, Shieh, Albert, additional, Shui, Irene, additional, Singh, Ravinder J., additional, Slominski, Andrzej T., additional, Smith, Karl W., additional, St-Arnaud, René, additional, Stein, Emily M., additional, Studzinski, George P., additional, Suda, Tatsuo, additional, Takahashi, Naoyuki, additional, Taylor, Hugh S., additional, Tebben, Peter J., additional, Thacher, Tom D., additional, Thandrayen, Kebashni, additional, Thickett, David R., additional, Tiosano, Dov, additional, Trajanoska, Katerina, additional, Tu, Chia-Ling, additional, Tuckey, Robert C., additional, Tutaworn, Teerapat, additional, Udagawa, Nobuyuki, additional, Uday, Suma, additional, Unnanuntana, Aasis, additional, van Driel, Marjolein, additional, van Leeuwen, Johannes P.T.M., additional, van Schoor, Natasja, additional, Verlinden, Lieve, additional, Vieth, Reinhold, additional, Vimaleswaran, Karina S., additional, Wagner, Carol L., additional, Wallace, Graham R., additional, Weaver, Connie M., additional, Webb, Daniel A., additional, Welsh, JoEllen, additional, White, John H., additional, Whiting, Susan J., additional, Williams, Emma L., additional, Yahyavi, Sam Kafai, additional, Yamamoto, Keiko, additional, Yates, Clayton, additional, Zagorac, Sladjana, additional, Zhang, Rong Mei, additional, Zhao, Hengguang, additional, Zhou, Ang, additional, and Zittermann, Armin, additional

Published
2024
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18. Continuous Prediction with Experts' Advice

Author

Portella, Victor Sanches, Liaw, Christopher, and Harvey, Nicholas J. A.

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Mathematics - Probability, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

Prediction with experts' advice is one of the most fundamental problems in online learning and captures many of its technical challenges. A recent line of work has looked at online learning through the lens of differential equations and continuous-time analysis. This viewpoint has yielded optimal results for several problems in online learning. In this paper, we employ continuous-time stochastic calculus in order to study the discrete-time experts' problem. We use these tools to design a continuous-time, parameter-free algorithm with improved guarantees for the quantile regret. We then develop an analogous discrete-time algorithm with a very similar analysis and identical quantile regret bounds. Finally, we design an anytime continuous-time algorithm with regret matching the optimal fixed-time rate when the gains are independent Brownian Motions; in many settings, this is the most difficult case. This gives some evidence that, even with adversarial gains, the optimal anytime and fixed-time regrets may coincide., Comment: 30 pages, 1 figure. Version 2 diff: minor edits, reorganization for a journal submission, correct statement of Lemma 5.1 and a better formatted proof of the same lemma

Published
2022

19. Pregnancy vitamin D supplementation and offspring bone mineral density in childhood follow-up of a randomized controlled trial

Author

Dennison, Elaine M, Eastell, Richard, Fraser, Robert, Gandhi, Saurabh V, Inskip, Hazel M, Kennedy, Stephen H, Papageorghiou, Aris T, Prentice, Ann, Moon, Rebecca J, D’ Angelo, Stefania, Curtis, Elizabeth M, Ward, Kate A, Crozier, Sarah R, Schoenmakers, Inez, Javaid, M Kassim, Bishop, Nicholas J, Godfrey, Keith M, Cooper, Cyrus, and Harvey, Nicholas C

Published
2024
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20. Efficient and Optimal Fixed-Time Regret with Two Experts

Author

Greenstreet, Laura, Harvey, Nicholas J. A., and Portella, Victor Sanches

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Mathematics - Probability, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

Prediction with expert advice is a foundational problem in online learning. In instances with $T$ rounds and $n$ experts, the classical Multiplicative Weights Update method suffers at most $\sqrt{(T/2)\ln n}$ regret when $T$ is known beforehand. Moreover, this is asymptotically optimal when both $T$ and $n$ grow to infinity. However, when the number of experts $n$ is small/fixed, algorithms with better regret guarantees exist. Cover showed in 1967 a dynamic programming algorithm for the two-experts problem restricted to $\{0,1\}$ costs that suffers at most $\sqrt{T/2\pi} + O(1)$ regret with $O(T^2)$ pre-processing time. In this work, we propose an optimal algorithm for prediction with two experts' advice that works even for costs in $[0,1]$ and with $O(1)$ processing time per turn. Our algorithm builds up on recent work on the experts problem based on techniques and tools from stochastic calculus., Comment: 29 pages, 13 pages of main text, published in ALT 2022 (PMLR vol. 167)

Published
2022

23. Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Reference Ranges From the Healthy Hearts Consortium

Author

Raisi-Estabragh, Zahra, Szabo, Liliana, McCracken, Celeste, Bülow, Robin, Aquaro, Giovanni Donato, Andre, Florian, Le, Thu-Thao, Suchá, Dominika, Condurache, Dorina-Gabriela, Salih, Ahmed M., Chadalavada, Sucharitha, Aung, Nay, Lee, Aaron Mark, Harvey, Nicholas C., Leiner, Tim, Chin, Calvin W.L., Friedrich, Matthias G., Barison, Andrea, Dörr, Marcus, and Petersen, Steffen E.

Published
2024
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24. Update on the clinical use of trabecular bone score (TBS) in the management of osteoporosis: results of an expert group meeting organized by the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO), and the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) under the auspices of WHO Collaborating Center for Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging

Author

Shevroja, Enisa, Reginster, Jean-Yves, Lamy, Olivier, Al-Daghri, Nasser, Chandran, Manju, Demoux-Baiada, Anne-Laurence, Kohlmeier, Lynn, Lecart, Marie-Paule, Messina, Daniel, Camargos, Bruno Muzzi, Payer, Juraj, Tuzun, Sansin, Veronese, Nicola, Cooper, Cyrus, McCloskey, Eugene V., and Harvey, Nicholas C.

Published
2023
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25. Real-world evidence: new opportunities for osteoporosis research. Recommendations from a Working Group from the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO)

Author

Moon, Rebecca J., Reginster, Jean-Yves, Al-Daghri, Nasser M., Thiyagarajan, Jotheeswaran A., Beaudart, Charlotte, Bruyère, Olivier, Burlet, Nansa, Chandran, Manju, da Silva, Mario Coelho, Conaghan, Philip G., Dere, Willard H., Diez-Perez, Adolfo, Hadji, Peyman, Halbout, Philippe, Hiligsmann, Mickaël, Kanis, John A., McCloskey, Eugene V., Ormarsdottir, Sif, Prieto-Alhambra, Daniel, Radermecker, Régis P., Rizzoli, René, Al-Saleh, Yousef, Silverman, Stuart L., Simon, Lee S., Thomasius, Friederike, van Staa, Tjeerd, Laslop, Andrea, Cooper, Cyrus, and Harvey, Nicholas C.

Published
2023
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27. Measuring health-related quality of life in sarcopenia: summary of the SarQoL psychometric properties

Author

Beaudart, Charlotte, Reginster, Jean-Yves, Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan, Jotheeswaran, Bautmans, Ivan, Bauer, Jürgen, Burlet, Nansa, Cesari, Matteo, Cherubini, Antonio, Cooper, Cyrus, Cruz-Jentoft, Alfonso J., Dawson-Hughes, Bess, Fielding, Roger A., Harvey, Nicholas C., Landi, Francesco, Laslop, Andrea, Maggi, Stefania, Montero-Errasquin, Beatriz, Concepción, Prieto Yerro María, Rolland, Yves, Rizzoli, René, Visser, Marjolein, and Bruyère, Olivier

Published
2023
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34. International norms for adult handgrip strength: A systematic review of data on 2.4 million adults aged 20 to 100+ years from 69 countries and regions

Author

Aadahl, Mette, Abdin, Edimansyah, Alcazar, Julian, Alenazi, Aqeel, Alqahtani, Bader, Amaral, Cledir De A., Amaral, Thatiana L.M., Fernandes, Alex Andrade, Axelsson, Peter, Baldwin, Jennifer N., Bammann, Karin, Barbosa, Aline R., Bardo, Ameline, Bimali, Inosha, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bobak, Martin, Boreham, Colin A., Bös, Klaus, Marins, João Carlos Bouzas, Burns, Joshua, Capkova, Nadezda, Castillo-Martínez, Lilia, Chen, Liang-Kung, Choi, Siu Ming, Choong, Rebecca K.J., Confortin, Susana C., Cooper, Cyrus, Correa-Bautista, Jorge E., Cournil, Amandine, Cruz, Grace, de Bruin, Eling D., De Paz, José Antonio, Moreira, Bruno De Souza, Anjos, Luiz Antonio Dos, Reyna, María Cristina Enríquez, Ferriolli, Eduardo, Forrester, Gillian, Frolova, Elena, Gebre, Abadi K., Ghaleb, Atef M., Gill, Tiffany K., Gondo, Yasuyuki, Gonzalez, M. Cristina, Alvarez, Citlali Gonzalez, Hannah, Mary K., Harvey, Nicholas C., Hogrel, Jean-Yves, Huemer, Marie-Theres, Iidaka, Toshiko, Ingram, Lewis A., Jdanov, Dmitri A., Keevil, Victoria L., Kemmler, Wolfgang, Kenny, Rose Anne, Kim, Dae-Yeon, Kivell, Tracy L., Kjær, Ingirid G.H., Kluttig, Alexander, Kozakai, Rumi, Langer, Danit, Larsen, Lisbeth A., Lee, Wei-Ju, Leon, David A., Lichtenstein, Eric, Little, Bertis B., Lourenço, Roberto Alves, Malhotra, Rahul, Malina, Robert M., Matsumoto, Kiyoaki, Mazor-Karsenty, Tal, McKay, Marnee J., McLoughlin, Sinéad, Mensegere, Abhishek L., Mohammadian, Mostafa, Moreira, Virgilio Garcia, Murayama, Hiroshi, Murray, Anne, Neri, Anita Liberalesso, Niessner, Claudia, Othón, Gabriel Núñez, Olveira, Gabriel, Orchard, Suzanne G., Pajak, Andrezj, Park, Chan Woong, Pasco, Julie A., Reyes, Maria E. Peña, Pereira, Leani Souza Máximo, Peters, Annette, Poon, Eric Tsz-Chun, Portela, Margareth C., Pratt, Jedd, Ramírez-Vélez, Robinson, Rodríguez-García, Wendy, Ryan, Joanne, San-Martín, Mauricio A., Sánchez-Torralvo, Francisco José, Saremi, Mahnaz, Schmidt-Trucksäss, Arno, Seino, Satoshi, Shah, Shamsul Azhar, Sim, Marc, Strand, Bjørn Heine, Subramaniam, Mythily, Suetta, Charlotte, Sui, Sophia X., Sundarakumar, Jonas S., Suzuki, Koya, Tamosiunas, Abdonas, Tan, Maw Pin, Taniguchi, Yu, Thorand, Barbara, Turusheva, Anna, Tveter, Anne Therese, Wagner, Jonathan, Wang, Dao, Warden, Stuart J., Wearing, Julia, Wee, Shiou Liang, Westbury, Leo D., Wiśniowska-Szurlej, Agnieszka, Woll, Alexander, Yoshimura, Noriko, Yu, Ruby, Tomkinson, Grant R., Lang, Justin J., Rubín, Lukáš, McGrath, Ryan, Gower, Bethany, Boyle, Terry, Klug, Marilyn G., Mayhew, Alexandra J., Blake, Henry T., Ortega, Francisco B., Cadenas-Sanchez, Cristina, Magnussen, Costan G., Fraser, Brooklyn J., Kidokoro, Tetsuhiro, Liu, Yang, Christensen, Kaare, and Leong, Darryl P.

Published
2024
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36. Regret Bounds without Lipschitz Continuity: Online Learning with Relative-Lipschitz Losses

Author

Zhou, Yihan, Portella, Victor S., Schmidt, Mark, and Harvey, Nicholas J. A.

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Mathematics - Optimization and Control
Abstract

In online convex optimization (OCO), Lipschitz continuity of the functions is commonly assumed in order to obtain sublinear regret. Moreover, many algorithms have only logarithmic regret when these functions are also strongly convex. Recently, researchers from convex optimization proposed the notions of "relative Lipschitz continuity" and "relative strong convexity". Both of the notions are generalizations of their classical counterparts. It has been shown that subgradient methods in the relative setting have performance analogous to their performance in the classical setting. In this work, we consider OCO for relative Lipschitz and relative strongly convex functions. We extend the known regret bounds for classical OCO algorithms to the relative setting. Specifically, we show regret bounds for the follow the regularized leader algorithms and a variant of online mirror descent. Due to the generality of these methods, these results yield regret bounds for a wide variety of OCO algorithms. Furthermore, we further extend the results to algorithms with extra regularization such as regularized dual averaging., Comment: 22 pages, camera-ready version, accepted in NeurIPS 2020 for poster presentation. Second version has a new reference (acknowledged in the acknowledgements section) and comments on the relationship of this work with the paper

Published
2020

37. LSQT: Low-Stretch Quasi-Trees for Bundling and Layout

Author

Vandenberg, Rebecca, Elliott, Madison, Harvey, Nicholas, and Munzner, Tamara

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, Computer Science - Graphics
Abstract

We introduce low-stretch trees to the visualization community with LSQT, our novel technique that uses quasi-trees for both layout and edge bundling. Our method offers strong computational speed and complexity guarantees by leveraging the convenient properties of low-stretch trees, which accurately reflect the topological structure of arbitrary graphs with superior fidelity compared to arbitrary spanning trees. Low-stretch quasi-trees also have provable sparseness guarantees, providing algorithmic support for aggressive de-cluttering of hairball graphs. LSQT does not rely on previously computed vertex positions and computes bundles based on topological structure before any geometric layout occurs. Edge bundles are computed efficiently and stored in an explicit data structure that supports sophisticated visual encoding and interaction techniques, including dynamic layout adjustment and interactive bundle querying. Our unoptimized implementation handles graphs of over 100,000 edges in eight seconds, providing substantially higher performance than previous approaches., Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures

Published
2020

38. Online mirror descent and dual averaging: keeping pace in the dynamic case

Author

Fang, Huang, Harvey, Nicholas J. A., Portella, Victor S., and Friedlander, Michael P.

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Mathematics - Optimization and Control, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

Online mirror descent (OMD) and dual averaging (DA) -- two fundamental algorithms for online convex optimization -- are known to have very similar (and sometimes identical) performance guarantees when used with a fixed learning rate. Under dynamic learning rates, however, OMD is provably inferior to DA and suffers a linear regret, even in common settings such as prediction with expert advice. We modify the OMD algorithm through a simple technique that we call stabilization. We give essentially the same abstract regret bound for OMD with stabilization and for DA by modifying the classical OMD convergence analysis in a careful and modular way that allows for straightforward and flexible proofs. Simple corollaries of these bounds show that OMD with stabilization and DA enjoy the same performance guarantees in many applications -- even under dynamic learning rates. We also shed light on the similarities between OMD and DA and show simple conditions under which stabilized-OMD and DA generate the same iterates., Comment: 27 pages main text, 37 pages in total, 1 figure. Version 2: Revision for camera-ready version of ICML 2020, with a new abstract, new discussion and acknowledgements sections, and some other minor modifications. Version 3: Technical report version of JMLR submission, with minor revisions, full proofs, and more details on the setting with composite functions

Published
2020

39. Optimal anytime regret with two experts

Author

Harvey, Nicholas J. A., Liaw, Christopher, Perkins, Edwin, and Randhawa, Sikander

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Mathematics - Probability, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

We consider the classical problem of prediction with expert advice. In the fixed-time setting, where the time horizon is known in advance, algorithms that achieve the optimal regret are known when there are two, three, or four experts or when the number of experts is large. Much less is known about the problem in the anytime setting, where the time horizon is not known in advance. No minimax optimal algorithm was previously known in the anytime setting, regardless of the number of experts. Even for the case of two experts, Luo and Schapire have left open the problem of determining the optimal algorithm. We design the first minimax optimal algorithm for minimizing regret in the anytime setting. We consider the case of two experts, and prove that the optimal regret is $\gamma \sqrt{t} / 2$ at all time steps $t$, where $\gamma$ is a natural constant that arose 35 years ago in studying fundamental properties of Brownian motion. The algorithm is designed by considering a continuous analogue of the regret problem, which is solved using ideas from stochastic calculus., Comment: 47 pages, 1 figure

Published
2020

43. Integrated species conservation and metapopulation management : the eastern black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis michaeli) as a case study

Author

Harvey, Nicholas, Walton, Catherine, Harris, Angela, and Shultz, Susanne

Abstract

One of the most important challenges facing species conservation is the evaluation of habitat requirements and suitability. This is especially the case for those species which inhabit small portions of their former range. In the first part of this thesis, I focus on the eastern black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis michaeli) populations on three Kenyan rhino sanctuaries: Lewa Wildlife Conservancy, Ol Jogi Conservancy and Ol Pejeta Conservancy. I use black rhinos to demonstrate how species-focused research can provide insights into basic biology and ecology and contribute to conservation. In chapter 3, I construct a population model and conduct a population viability analysis of the three populations. This identifies lower projected long-term growth rate for the Ol Jogi population. It also suggests that juvenile survival and female reproductive skew are key to the dynamics of large herbivore populations. In chapter 4, I use genetic metabarcoding, nutrient analysis and faecal egg counts in the first study to characterise the diets, microbiome and nemabiome of black rhinos concurrently. This demonstrates the seasonal and spatial variation in diets and microbiome, the stability of the nemabiome, and suggests diet composition drives microbiome and nemabiome composition. I find evidence that herbaceous plants are potentially more important to black rhinos than has been previously considered, and habitat which contains both woody and herbaceous cover may promote good health and breeding rates. In the second part of this thesis, I evaluate the role of species conservation in the modern world, which faces a daunting task given the vast number of threatened species on Earth in the 21st century. In chapter 5 I discuss the One Plan Approach, which promotes the production of integrated species conservation plans which take advantage of all available expertise. I evaluate the potential benefits and objections and posit that, for zoos to make significant contributions to the conservation of free-living populations, they should be willing to focus on species outside of their collections and projects should plan to build from conserving species to protecting and restoring ecosystems. In chapter 6 I assess the opinions of conservation professionals and the interested public on the importance of wildness in large herbivore conservation. Intensive management of free-living populations, and not the role of zoos, may cause objections to the implementation of frameworks such as the One Plan Approach. Finally, in chapter 7 I show how conservation is in danger of having its practice altered by the expectations of nature which are built through hyperreal representations. Species-focused work, and non-human approaches, can be part of the ensuring that conservation represents the interests of all life, and contributes to a future where life is diverse and abundant.

Published
2021

44. A nutritional supplement during preconception and pregnancy increases human milk vitamin D but not B-vitamin concentrations

Author

Albert, Benjamin B., Barton, Shelia J., Binia, Aristea, Cavanagh, Mary, Chang, Hsin Fang, Chong, Yap Seng, Chong, Mary F., Conlon, Cathryn, Cooper, Cyrus, Costello, Paula, Cox, Vanessa, Creagh, Christine, Depczynski, Marysia, El-Heis, Sarah, Hammond, Judith, Harvey, Nicholas C., Jagtap, Mrunalini, Kenealy, Timothy, Nield, Heidi, O'Sullivan, Justin M., Satianegara, Gernalia, Silva-Zolezz, Irma, Soh, Shu E., Tay, Vicky, Taylor, Rachael, Tham, Elizabeth, Titcombe, Philip, Wall, Clare, Wong, Ray, Woon, Gladys, Han, Zhang, Han, Soo Min, Huang, Fang, Derraik, José G.B., Vickers, Mark H., Devaraj, Surabhi, Redeuil, Karine, Campos-Giménez, Esther, Pang, Wei Wei, Godfrey, Keith M., Chan, Shiao-Yng, Thakkar, Sagar K., and Cutfield, Wayne S.

Published
2023
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48. The identification of distinct protective and susceptibility mechanisms for hip osteoarthritis: findings from a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of minimum joint space width and Mendelian randomisation cluster analyses

Author

Faber, Benjamin G., Frysz, Monika, Boer, Cindy G., Evans, Daniel S., Ebsim, Raja, Flynn, Kaitlyn A., Lundberg, Mischa, Southam, Lorraine, Hartley, April, Saunders, Fiona R., Lindner, Claudia, Gregory, Jennifer S., Aspden, Richard M., Lane, Nancy E., Harvey, Nicholas C., Evans, David M., Zeggini, Eleftheria, Davey Smith, George, Cootes, Timothy, Van Meurs, Joyce, Kemp, John P., and Tobias, Jonathan H.

Published
2023
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49. The effects of COVID-19 on cognitive performance in a community-based cohort: a COVID symptom study biobank prospective cohort study

Author

Cheetham, Nathan J., Penfold, Rose, Giunchiglia, Valentina, Bowyer, Vicky, Sudre, Carole H., Canas, Liane S., Deng, Jie, Murray, Benjamin, Kerfoot, Eric, Antonelli, Michela, Rjoob, Khaled, Molteni, Erika, Österdahl, Marc F., Harvey, Nicholas R., Trender, William R., Malim, Michael H., Doores, Katie J., Hellyer, Peter J., Modat, Marc, Hammers, Alexander, Ourselin, Sebastien, Duncan, Emma L., Hampshire, Adam, and Steves, Claire J.

Published
2023
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