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23 results on '"Harvey, W. T."'

1. Large-scale targeted sequencing identifies risk genes for neurodevelopmental disorders

Author

Wang T., Hoekzema K., Vecchio D., Wu H., Sulovari A., Coe B. P., Gillentine M. A., Wilfert A. B., Perez-Jurado L. A., Kvarnung M., Sleyp Y., Earl R. K., Rosenfeld J. A., Geisheker M. R., Han L., Du B., Barnett C., Thompson E., Shaw M., Carroll R., Friend K., Catford R., Palmer E. E., Zou X., Ou J., Li H., Guo H., Gerdts J., Avola E., Calabrese G., Elia M., Greco D., Lindstrand A., Nordgren A., Anderlid B. -M., Vandeweyer G., Van Dijck A., Van der Aa N., McKenna B., Hancarova M., Bendova S., Havlovicova M., Malerba G., Bernardina B. D., Muglia P., van Haeringen A., Hoffer M. J. V., Franke B., Cappuccio G., Delatycki M., Lockhart P. J., Manning M. A., Liu P., Scheffer I. E., Brunetti Pierri N., Rommelse N., Amaral D. G., Santen G. W. E., Trabetti E., Sedlacek Z., Michaelson J. J., Pierce K., Courchesne E., Kooy R. F., Acampado J., Ace A. J., Amatya A., Astrovskaya I., Bashar A., Brooks E., Butler M. E., Cartner L. A., Chin W., Chung W. K., Daniels A. M., Feliciano P., Fleisch C., Ganesan S., Jensen W., Lash A. E., Marini R., Myers V. J., O'Connor E., Rigby C., Robertson B. E., Shah N., Shah S., Singer E., Snyder L. A. G., Stephens A. N., Tjernagel J., Vernoia B. M., Volfovsky N., White L. C., Hsieh A., Shen Y., Zhou X., Turner T. N., Bahl E., Thomas T. R., Brueggeman L., Koomar T., Michael R. J., O'Roak B. J., Barnard R. A., Gibbs R. A., Muzny D., Sabo A., Ahmed K. L. B., Eichler E. E., Siegel M., Abbeduto L., Hilscher B. A., Li D., Smith K., Thompson S., Albright C., Butter E. M., Eldred S., Hanna N., Jones M., Coury D. L., Scherr J., Pifher T., Roby E., Dennis B., Higgins L., Brown M., Alessandri M., Gutierrez A., Hale M. N., Herbert L. M., Schneider H. L., David G., Annett R. D., Sarver D. E., Arriaga I., Camba A., Gulsrud A. C., Haley M., McCracken J. T., Sandhu S., Tafolla M., Yang W. S., Carpenter L. A., Bradley C. C., Gwynette F., Manning P., Shaffer R., Thomas C., Bernier R. A., Fox E. A., Gerdts J. A., Pepper M., Ho T., Cho D., Piven J., Lechniak H., Soorya L. V., Gordon R., Wainer A., Yeh L., Ochoa-Lubinoff C., Russo N., Berry-Kravis E., Booker S., Erickson C. A., Prock L. M., Pawlowski K. G., Matthews E. T., Brewster S. J., Hojlo M. A., Abada E., Lamarche E., Murali S. C., Harvey W. T., Kaplan H. E., Pierce K. L., DeMarco L., Horner S., Pandey J., Plate S., Sahin M., Riley K. D., Carmody E., Constantini J., Esler A., Fatemi A., Hutter H., Landa R. J., McKenzie A. P., Neely J., Singh V., Van Metre B., Wodka E. L., Fombonne E. J., Huang-Storms L. Y., Pacheco L. D., Mastel S. A., Coppola L. A., Francis S., Jarrett A., Jacob S., Lillie N., Gunderson J., Istephanous D., Simon L., Wasserberg O., Rachubinski A. L., Rosenberg C. R., Kanne S. M., Shocklee A. D., Takahashi N., Bridwell S. L., Klimczac R. L., Mahurin M. A., Cotrell H. E., Grant C. A., Hunter S. G., Martin C. L., Taylor C. M., Walsh L. K., Dent K. A., Mason A., Sziklay A., Smith C. J., Nordenskjold M., Romano C., Peeters H., Gecz J., Xia K., SPARK Consortium, Wang, T., Hoekzema, K., Vecchio, D., Wu, H., Sulovari, A., Coe, B. P., Gillentine, M. A., Wilfert, A. B., Perez-Jurado, L. A., Kvarnung, M., Sleyp, Y., Earl, R. K., Rosenfeld, J. A., Geisheker, M. R., Han, L., Du, B., Barnett, C., Thompson, E., Shaw, M., Carroll, R., Friend, K., Catford, R., Palmer, E. E., Zou, X., Ou, J., Li, H., Guo, H., Gerdts, J., Avola, E., Calabrese, G., Elia, M., Greco, D., Lindstrand, A., Nordgren, A., Anderlid, B. -M., Vandeweyer, G., Van Dijck, A., Van der Aa, N., Mckenna, B., Hancarova, M., Bendova, S., Havlovicova, M., Malerba, G., Bernardina, B. D., Muglia, P., van Haeringen, A., Hoffer, M. J. V., Franke, B., Cappuccio, G., Delatycki, M., Lockhart, P. J., Manning, M. A., Liu, P., Scheffer, I. E., Brunetti Pierri, N., Rommelse, N., Amaral, D. G., Santen, G. W. E., Trabetti, E., Sedlacek, Z., Michaelson, J. J., Pierce, K., Courchesne, E., Kooy, R. F., Acampado, J., Ace, A. J., Amatya, A., Astrovskaya, I., Bashar, A., Brooks, E., Butler, M. E., Cartner, L. A., Chin, W., Chung, W. K., Daniels, A. M., Feliciano, P., Fleisch, C., Ganesan, S., Jensen, W., Lash, A. E., Marini, R., Myers, V. J., O'Connor, E., Rigby, C., Robertson, B. E., Shah, N., Shah, S., Singer, E., Snyder, L. A. G., Stephens, A. N., Tjernagel, J., Vernoia, B. M., Volfovsky, N., White, L. C., Hsieh, A., Shen, Y., Zhou, X., Turner, T. N., Bahl, E., Thomas, T. R., Brueggeman, L., Koomar, T., Michael, R. J., O'Roak, B. J., Barnard, R. A., Gibbs, R. A., Muzny, D., Sabo, A., Ahmed, K. L. B., Eichler, E. E., Siegel, M., Abbeduto, L., Hilscher, B. A., Li, D., Smith, K., Thompson, S., Albright, C., Butter, E. M., Eldred, S., Hanna, N., Jones, M., Coury, D. L., Scherr, J., Pifher, T., Roby, E., Dennis, B., Higgins, L., Brown, M., Alessandri, M., Gutierrez, A., Hale, M. N., Herbert, L. M., Schneider, H. L., David, G., Annett, R. D., Sarver, D. E., Arriaga, I., Camba, A., Gulsrud, A. C., Haley, M., Mccracken, J. T., Sandhu, S., Tafolla, M., Yang, W. S., Carpenter, L. A., Bradley, C. C., Gwynette, F., Manning, P., Shaffer, R., Thomas, C., Bernier, R. A., Fox, E. A., Gerdts, J. A., Pepper, M., Ho, T., Cho, D., Piven, J., Lechniak, H., Soorya, L. V., Gordon, R., Wainer, A., Yeh, L., Ochoa-Lubinoff, C., Russo, N., Berry-Kravis, E., Booker, S., Erickson, C. A., Prock, L. M., Pawlowski, K. G., Matthews, E. T., Brewster, S. J., Hojlo, M. A., Abada, E., Lamarche, E., Murali, S. C., Harvey, W. T., Kaplan, H. E., Pierce, K. L., Demarco, L., Horner, S., Pandey, J., Plate, S., Sahin, M., Riley, K. D., Carmody, E., Constantini, J., Esler, A., Fatemi, A., Hutter, H., Landa, R. J., Mckenzie, A. P., Neely, J., Singh, V., Van Metre, B., Wodka, E. L., Fombonne, E. J., Huang-Storms, L. Y., Pacheco, L. D., Mastel, S. A., Coppola, L. A., Francis, S., Jarrett, A., Jacob, S., Lillie, N., Gunderson, J., Istephanous, D., Simon, L., Wasserberg, O., Rachubinski, A. L., Rosenberg, C. R., Kanne, S. M., Shocklee, A. D., Takahashi, N., Bridwell, S. L., Klimczac, R. L., Mahurin, M. A., Cotrell, H. E., Grant, C. A., Hunter, S. G., Martin, C. L., Taylor, C. M., Walsh, L. K., Dent, K. A., Mason, A., Sziklay, A., Smith, C. J., Nordenskjold, M., Romano, C., Peeters, H., Gecz, J., and Xia, K.

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, CCCTC-Binding Factor, Transcription Factor, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor, DNA Mutational Analysis, General Physics and Astronomy, RNA-Binding Protein, Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein U, VARIANTS, medicine.disease_cause, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Neurodevelopmental Disorder, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors, SPARK Consortium, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Copy-number variation, Aetiology, lcsh:Science, GABRG2, Genetics, Mutation, Multidisciplinary, biology, Neurodevelopmental disorders, RNA-Binding Proteins, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Autism spectrum disorders, Multidisciplinary Sciences, DNA-Binding Proteins, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Female, Case-Control Studie, Engineering sciences. Technology, Human, Science, DNA-Binding Protein, Genetic Association Studie, COPY-NUMBER VARIATION, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, DNA sequencing, Article, KCNQ3 Potassium Channel, DNA Mutational Analysi, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, AUTISM, Gene, Genetic Association Studies, Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7], Science & Technology, DISABILITY, Prevention, Case-control study, General Chemistry, Repressor Protein, medicine.disease, FRAMEWORK, Repressor Proteins, DE-NOVO MUTATION, 030104 developmental biology, CTCF, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Case-Control Studies, biology.protein, Next-generation sequencing, Autism, lcsh:Q, Cohort Studie, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Transcription Factors
Abstract

Most genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) were identified with an excess of de novo mutations (DNMs) but the significance in case–control mutation burden analysis is unestablished. Here, we sequence 63 genes in 16,294 NDD cases and an additional 62 genes in 6,211 NDD cases. By combining these with published data, we assess a total of 125 genes in over 16,000 NDD cases and compare the mutation burden to nonpsychiatric controls from ExAC. We identify 48 genes (25 newly reported) showing significant burden of ultra-rare (MAF, For many neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) risk genes, the significance for mutational burden is unestablished. Here, the authors sequence 125 candidate NDD genes in over 16,000 NDD cases; case-control mutational burden analysis identifies 48 genes with a significant burden of severe ultra-rare mutations.

Published
2020

2. Author Correction: Large-scale targeted sequencing identifies risk genes for neurodevelopmental disorders (Nature Communications, (2020), 11, 1, (4932), 10.1038/s41467-020-18723-y)

Author

Wang, T., Hoekzema, K., Vecchio, Davide., Wu, H., Sulovari, A., Coe, B. P., Gillentine, M. A., Wilfert, A. B., Perez-Jurado, L. A., Kvarnung, M., Sleyp, Y., Earl, R. K., Rosenfeld, J. A., Geisheker, M. R., Han, L., Du, B., Barnett, C., Thompson, E., Shaw, M., Carroll, R., Friend, K., Catford, R., Palmer, E. E., Zou, X., Ou, J., Li, H., Guo, H., Gerdts, J., Avola, E., Calabrese, Giuseppe, Elia, Maurizio., Greco, Donatella, Lindstrand, A., Nordgren, A., Anderlid, B. -M., Vandeweyer, G., Van Dijck, A., Van der Aa, N., Mckenna, B., Hancarova, M., Bendova, S., Havlovicova, M., Malerba, G., Bernardina, B. D., Muglia, P., van Haeringen, A., Hoffer, M. J. V., Franke, B., Cappuccio, G., Delatycki, M., Lockhart, P. J., Manning, M. A., Liu, P., Scheffer, I. E., Brunetti-Pierri, N., Rommelse, N., Amaral, D. G., Santen, G. W. E., Trabetti, E., Sedlacek, Z., Michaelson, J. J., Pierce, K., Courchesne, E., Kooy, R. F., Acampado, J., Ace, A. J., Amatya, A., Astrovskaya, I., Bashar, A., Brooks, E., Butler, M. E., Cartner, L. A., Chin, W., Chung, W. K., Daniels, A. M., Feliciano, P., Fleisch, C., Ganesan, S., Jensen, W., Lash, A. E., Marini, R., Myers, V. J., O'Connor, E., Rigby, C., Robertson, B. E., Shah, N., Shah, S., Singer, E., Snyder, L. A. G., Stephens, A. N., Tjernagel, J., Vernoia, B. M., Volfovsky, N., White, L. C., Hsieh, A., Shen, Y., Zhou, X., Turner, T. N., Bahl, E., Thomas, T. R., Brueggeman, L., Koomar, T., O'Roak, B. J., Barnard, R. A., Gibbs, R. A., Muzny, D., Sabo, A., Ahmed, K. L. B., Eichler, E. E., Siegel, M., Abbeduto, L., Hilscher, B. A., Li, D., Smith, K., Thompson, S., Albright, C., Butter, E. M., Eldred, S., Hanna, N., Jones, M., Coury, D. L., Scherr, J., Pifher, T., Roby, E., Dennis, B., Higgins, L., Brown, M., Alessandri, M., Gutierrez, A., Hale, M. N., Herbert, L. M., Schneider, H. L., David, G., Annett, R. D., Sarver, D. E., Arriaga, I., Camba, A., Gulsrud, A. C., Haley, M., Mccracken, J. T., Sandhu, S., Tafolla, M., Yang, W. S., Carpenter, L. A., Bradley, C. C., Gwynette, F., Manning, P., Shaffer, R., Thomas, C., Bernier, R. A., Fox, E. A., Gerdts, J. A., Pepper, M., Ho, T., Cho, D., Piven, J., Lechniak, H., Soorya, L. V., Gordon, R., Wainer, A., Yeh, L., Ochoa-Lubinoff, C., Russo, N., Berry-Kravis, E., Booker, S., Erickson, C. A., Prock, L. M., Pawlowski, K. G., Matthews, E. T., Brewster, S. J., Hojlo, M. A., Abada, E., Lamarche, E., Murali, S. C., Harvey, W. T., Kaplan, H. E., Pierce, K. L., Demarco, L., Horner, S., Pandey, J., Plate, S., Sahin, M., Riley, K. D., Carmody, E., Constantini, J., Esler, A., Fatemi, A., Hutter, H., Landa, R. J., Mckenzie, A. P., Neely, J., Singh, V., Van Metre, B., Wodka, E. L., Fombonne, E. J., Huang-Storms, L. Y., Pacheco, L. D., Mastel, S. A., Coppola, L. A., Francis, S., Jarrett, A., Jacob, S., Lillie, N., Gunderson, J., Istephanous, D., Simon, L., Wasserberg, O., Rachubinski, A. L., Rosenberg, C. R., Kanne, S. M., Shocklee, A. D., Takahashi, N., Bridwell, S. L., Klimczac, R. L., Mahurin, M. A., Cotrell, H. E., Grant, C. A., Hunter, S. G., Martin, C. L., Taylor, C. M., Walsh, L. K., Dent, K. A., Mason, A., Sziklay, A., Smith, C. J., Nordenskjold, M., Romano, Corrado, Peeters, H., Gecz, J., and Xia, K.

Published
2020

4. Minimum pressure for a zero-prebreathe pressure suit

Author

Krutz, R. W., Jr, Dixon, G. A, and Harvey, W. T

Subjects
Man/System Technology And Life Support
Abstract

There are two current approaches to reducing the risk of decompression sickness during repeated extravehicular activity (EVA) without prebreathing 100 percent oxygen. One approach suggests the use of different pressures in the transfer vehicle, the station, and the suit. The other would use advanced pressure-suit technology to build a suit that will make different pressures unnecessary provided the bends-free suit pressure is reasonable and can be readily determined. Research at the USAF School of Aerospace Medicine since November 1982 has been directed at determining this suit pressure using human subjects at simulated altitudes of 16,500 to 10,000 feet (7.8 to 10 psia). An earlier report of this ongoing research showed that bends is not totally eliminated at 7.8 psia. The present study is a continuation of this effort to define a 'bends-free' suit pressure with the initial results suggesting that this pressure begins at around 9.5 psia (from a 14.7 psia station).

Published
1985

5. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron is an immune escape variant with an altered cell entry pathway

Author

Willett, B. J., Grove, J., MacLean, O. A., Wilkie, C., De Lorenzo, G., Furnon, W., Cantoni, D., Scott, S., Logan, N., Ashraf, S., Manali, M., Szemiel, A., Cowton, V., Vink, E., Harvey, W. T., Davis, C., Asamaphan, P., Smollett, K., Tong, L., Orton, R., Hughes, J., Holland, P., Silva, V., Pascall, D. J., Puxty, K., da Silva Filipe, A., Yebra, G., Shaaban, S., Holden, M. T. G., Pinto, R. M., Gunson, R., Templeton, K., Murcia, P. R., Patel, A. H., Klenerman, P., Dunachie, S., Haughney, J., Robertson, D. L., Palmarini, M., Ray, S., Thomson, E. C., Willett, B. J., Grove, J., MacLean, O. A., Wilkie, C., De Lorenzo, G., Furnon, W., Cantoni, D., Scott, S., Logan, N., Ashraf, S., Manali, M., Szemiel, A., Cowton, V., Vink, E., Harvey, W. T., Davis, C., Asamaphan, P., Smollett, K., Tong, L., Orton, R., Hughes, J., Holland, P., Silva, V., Pascall, D. J., Puxty, K., da Silva Filipe, A., Yebra, G., Shaaban, S., Holden, M. T. G., Pinto, R. M., Gunson, R., Templeton, K., Murcia, P. R., Patel, A. H., Klenerman, P., Dunachie, S., Haughney, J., Robertson, D. L., Palmarini, M., Ray, S., and Thomson, E. C.

Abstract

Vaccines based on the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 are a cornerstone of the public health response to COVID-19. The emergence of hypermutated, increasingly transmissible variants of concern (VOCs) threaten this strategy. Omicron (B.1.1.529), the fifth VOC to be described, harbours multiple amino acid mutations in spike, half of which lie within the receptor-binding domain. Here we demonstrate substantial evasion of neutralization by Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants in vitro using sera from individuals vaccinated with ChAdOx1, BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273. These data were mirrored by a substantial reduction in real-world vaccine effectiveness that was partially restored by booster vaccination. The Omicron variants BA.1 and BA.2 did not induce cell syncytia in vitro and favoured a TMPRSS2-independent endosomal entry pathway, these phenotypes mapping to distinct regions of the spike protein. Impaired cell fusion was determined by the receptor-binding domain, while endosomal entry mapped to the S2 domain. Such marked changes in antigenicity and replicative biology may underlie the rapid global spread and altered pathogenicity of the Omicron variant.

6. Recurrent SARS-CoV-2 mutations in immunodeficient patients

Author

Wilkinson, S. A. J., Sparks, N., Kele, B., Peacock, T. P., Robson, S. C., Connor, T. R., Loman, N. J., Golubchik, T., Martinez Nunez, R. T., Bonsall, D., Rambaut, A., Snell, L. B., Livett, R., Ludden, C., Corden, S., Nastouli, E., Nebbia, G., Johnston, I., Lythgoe, K., Estee Torok, M., Goodfellow, I. G., Prieto, J. A., Saeed, K., Jackson, D. K., Houlihan, C., Frampton, D., Hamilton, W. L., Witney, A. A., Bucca, G., Pope, C. F., Moore, C., Thomson, E. C., Harrison, E. M., Smith, C. P., Rogan, F., Beckwith, S. M., Murray, A., Singleton, D., Eastick, K., Sheridan, L. A., Randell, P., Jackson, L. M., Ariani, C. V., Gonçalves, S., Fairley, D. J., Loose, M. W., Watkins, J., Moses, S., Nicholls, S., Bull, M., Amato, R., Smith, D. L., Aanensen, D. M., Barrett, J. C., Aggarwal, D., Shepherd, J. G., Curran, M. D., Parmar, S., Parker, M. D., Williams, C., Glaysher, S., Underwood, A. P., Bashton, M., Pacchiarini, N., Loveson, K. F., Byott, M., Carabelli, A. M., Templeton, K. E., de Silva, T. I., Wang, D., Langford, C. F., Sillitoe, J., Gunson, R. N., Cottrell, S., O’Grady, J., Kwiatkowski, D., Lillie, P. J., Cortes, N., Moore, N., Thomas, C., Burns, P. J., Mahungu, T. W., Liggett, S., Beckett, A. H., Holden, M. T. G., Levett, L. J., Osman, H., Hassan-Ibrahim, M. O., Simpson, D. A., Chand, M., Gupta, R. K., Darby, A. C., Paterson, S., Pybus, O. G., Volz, E. M., de Angelis, D., Robertson, D. L., Page, A. J., Martincorena, I., Aigrain, L., Bassett, A. R., Wong, N., Taha, Y., Erkiert, M. J., Spencer Chapman, M. H., Dewar, R., McHugh, M. P., Mookerjee, S., Aplin, S., Harvey, M., Sass, T., Umpleby, H., Wheeler, H., McKenna, J. P., Warne, B., Taylor, J. F., Chaudhry, Y., Izuagbe, R., Jahun, A. S., Young, G. R., McMurray, C., McCann, C. M., Nelson, A., Elliott, S., Price, A., Crown, M. R., Rey, S, Roy, S., Temperton, B., Shaaban, S., Hesketh, A. R., Laing, K. G., Monahan, I. M., Heaney, J., Pelosi, E., Silviera, S., Wilson-Davies, E., Fryer, H., Adams, H., du Plessis, L., Johnson, R., Harvey, W. T., Hughes, J., Orton, R. J., Spurgin, L. G., Bourgeois, Y., Ruis, C., O’Toole, Á., Gourtovaia, M., Sanderson, T., Fraser, C., Edgeworth, J., Breuer, J., Michell, S. L., Todd, J. A., John, M., Buck, D., Gajee, K., Kay, G. L., Peacock, S. J., Heyburn, D., Kitchman, K., McNally, A., Pritchard, D. T., Dervisevic, S., Muir, P., Robinson, E., Vipond, B. B., Ramadan, N. A., Jeanes, C., Weldon, D., Catalan, J., Jones, N., da Silva Filipe, A., Fuchs, M., Miskelly, J., Jeffries, A. R., Oliver, K., Park, N. R., Ash, A., Koshy, C., Barrow, M., Buchan, S. L., Mantzouratou, A., Clark, G., Holmes, C. W., Campbell, S., Davis, T., Tan, N. K., Brown, J. R., Harris, K. A., Kidd, S. P., Grant, P. R., Xu-McCrae, L., Cox, A., Madona, P., Pond, M., Randell, P. A., Withell, K. T., Graham, C., Denton-Smith, R., Swindells, E., Turnbull, R., Sloan, T. J., Bosworth, A., Hutchings, S., Pymont, H. M., Casey, A., Ratcliffe, L., Jones, C. R., Knight, B. A., Haque, T., Hart, J., Irish-Tavares, D., Witele, E., Mower, C., Watson, L. K., Collins, J., Eltringham, G., Crudgington, D., Macklin, B., Iturriza-Gomara, M., Lucaci, A. O., McClure, P. C., Carlile, M., Holmes, N., Storey, N., Rooke, S., Yebra, G., Craine, N., Perry, M., Alikhan, N. F., Bridgett, S., Cook, K. F., Fearn, C., Goudarzi, S., Lyons, R. A., Williams, T., Haldenby, S. T., Durham, J., Leonard, S., Davies, R. M., Batra, R., Blane, B., Spyer, M. J., Smith, P., Yavus, M., Williams, R. J., Mahanama, A. I. K., Samaraweera, B., Girgis, S. T., Hansford, S. E., Green, A., Beaver, C., Bellis, K. L., Dorman, M. J., Kay, S., Prestwood, L., Rajatileka, S., Quick, J., Poplawski, R., Reynolds, N., Mack, A., Morriss, A., Whalley, T., Patel, B., Georgana, I., Hosmillo, M., Pinckert, M. L., Stockton, J., Henderson, J. H., Hollis, A., Stanley, W., Yew, W. C., Myers, R., Thornton, A., Adams, A., Annett, T., Asad, H., Birchley, A., Coombes, J., Evans, J. M., Fina, L., Gatica-Wilcox, B., Gilbert, L., Graham, L., Hey, J., Hilvers, E., Jones, S., Jones, H., Kumziene-Summerhayes, S., McKerr, C., Powell, J., Pugh, G., Taylor, S., Trotter, A. J., Williams, C. A., Kermack, L. M., Foulkes, B. H., Gallis, M., Hornsby, H. R., Louka, S. F., Pohare, M., Wolverson, P., Zhang, P., MacIntyre-Cockett, G., Trebes, A., Moll, R. J., Ferguson, L., Goldstein, E. J., Maclean, A., Tomb, R., Starinskij, I., Thomson, L., Southgate, J., Kraemer, M. U. G., Raghwani, J., Zarebski, A. E., Boyd, O., Geidelberg, L., Illingworth, C. J., Jackson, C., Pascall, D., Vattipally, S., Freeman, T. M., Hsu, S. N., Lindsey, B. B., James, K., Lewis, K., Tonkin-Hill, G., Tovar-Corona, J. M., Cox, M., Abudahab, K., Menegazzo, M., Taylor, B. E. W., Yeats, C. A., Mukaddas, A., Wright, D. W., de Oliveira Martins, L., Colquhoun, R., Hill, V., Jackson, B., McCrone, J. T., Medd, N., Scher, E., Keatley, J. P., Curran, T., Morgan, S., Maxwell, P., Smith, K., Eldirdiri, S., Kenyon, A., Holmes, A. H., Price, J. R., Wyatt, T., Mather, A. E., Skvortsov, T., Hartley, J. A., Guest, M., Kitchen, C., Merrick, I., Munn, R., Bertolusso, B., Lynch, J., Vernet, G., Kirk, S., Wastnedge, E., Stanley, R., Idle, G., Bradley, D. T., Poyner, J., Mori, M., Jones, O., Wright, V., Brooks, E., Churcher, C. M., Fragakis, M., Galai, K., Jermy, A., Judges, S., McManus, G. M., Smith, K. S., Westwick, E., Attwood, S. W., Bolt, F., Davies, A., De Lacy, E., Downing, F., Edwards, S., Meadows, L., Jeremiah, S., Smith, N., Foulser, L., Charalampous, T., Patel, A., Berry, L., Boswell, T., Fleming, V. M., Howson-Wells, H. C., Joseph, A., Khakh, M., Lister, M. M., Bird, P. W., Fallon, K., Helmer, T., McMurray, C. L., Odedra, M., Shaw, J., Tang, J. W., Willford, N. J., Blakey, V., Raviprakash, V., Sheriff, N., Williams, L. A., Feltwell, T., Bedford, L., Cargill, J. 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J., Blakey, V., Raviprakash, V., Sheriff, N., Williams, L. A., Feltwell, T., Bedford, L., Cargill, J. S., Hughes, W., Moore, J., Stonehouse, S., Atkinson, L., Lee, J. C. D., Shah, D., Alcolea-Medina, A., Ohemeng-Kumi, N., Ramble, J., Sehmi, J., Williams, R., Chatterton, W., Pusok, M., Everson, W., Castigador, A., Macnaughton, E., El Bouzidi, K., Lampejo, T., Sudhanva, M., Breen, C., Sluga, G., Ahmad, S. S. Y., George, R. P., Machin, N. W., Binns, D., James, V., Blacow, R., Coupland, L., Smith, L., Barton, E., Padgett, D., Scott, G., Cross, A., Mirfenderesky, M., Greenaway, J., Cole, K., Clarke, P., Duckworth, N., Walsh, S., Bicknell, K., Impey, R., Wyllie, S., Hopes, R., Bishop, C., Chalker, V., Harrison, I., Gifford, L., Molnar, Z., Auckland, C., Evans, C., Johnson, K., Partridge, D. G., Raza, M., Baker, P., Bonner, S., Essex, S., Murray, L. J., Lawton, A. I., Burton-Fanning, S., Payne, B. A. I., Waugh, S., Gomes, A. N., Kimuli, M., Murray, D. R., Ashfield, P., Dobie, D., Ashford, F., Best, A., Crawford, L., Cumley, N., Mayhew, M., Megram, O., Mirza, J., Moles-Garcia, E., Percival, B., Driscoll, M., Ensell, L., Lowe, H. L., Maftei, L., Mondani, M., Chaloner, N. J., Cogger, B. J., Easton, L. J., Huckson, H., Lewis, J., Lowdon, S., Malone, C. S., Munemo, F., Mutingwende, M., Nicodemi, R., Podplomyk, O., Somassa, T., Beggs, A., Richter, A., Cormie, C., Dias, J., Forrest, S., Higginson, E. E., Maes, M., Young, J., Davidson, R. K., Jackson, K. A., Turtle, L., Keeley, A. J., Ball, J., Byaruhanga, T., Chappell, J. G., Dey, J., Hill, J. D., Park, E. J., Fanaie, A., Hilson, R. A., Yaze, G., Lo, S., Afifi, S., Beer, R., Maksimovic, J., McCluggage, K., Spellman, K., Bresner, C., Fuller, W., Marchbank, A., Workman, T., Shelest, E., Debebe, J., Sang, F., Zamudio, M. E., Francois, S., Gutierrez, B., Vasylyeva, T. I., Flaviani, F., Ragonnet-Cronin, M, Smollett, K. L., Broos, A., Mair, D., Nichols, J., Nomikou, K., Tong, L., Tsatsani, I., O’Brien, S., Rushton, S., Sanderson, R., Perkins, J., Cotton, S., Gallagher, A., Allara, E., Pearson, C., Bibby, D., Dabrera, G., Ellaby, N., Gallagher, E., Hubb, J., Lackenby, A., Lee, D., Manesis, N., Mbisa, T., Platt, S., Twohig, K. A., Morgan, M., Aydin, A., Baker, D. J., Foster-Nyarko, E., Prosolek, S. J., Rudder, S., Baxter, C., Carvalho, S. F., Lavin, D., Mariappan, A., Radulescu, C., Singh, A., Tang, M., Morcrette, H., Bayzid, N., Cotic, M., Balcazar, C. E, Gallagher, M. D., Maloney, D., Stanton, T. D., Williamson, K. A., Manley, R., Michelsen, M. L., Sambles, C. M., Studholme, D. J., Warwick-Dugdale, J., Eccles, R., Gemmell, M., Gregory, R., Hughes, M., Nelson, C., Rainbow, L., Vamos, E. E., Webster, H. J., Whitehead, M., Wierzbicki, C., Angyal, A., Green, L. R., Whiteley, M., Betteridge, E., Bronner, I. F., Farr, B. W., Goodwin, S., Lensing, S. V., McCarthy, S. A., Quail, M. A., Rajan, D., Redshaw, N. M., Scott, C., Shirley, L., Thurston, S. A. J., Rowe, W., Gaskin, A., Le-Viet, T., Bonfield, J., Liddle, J., and Whitwham, A.

Abstract

Long-term severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in immunodeficient patients are an important source of variation for the virus but are understudied. Many case studies have been published which describe one or a small number of long-term infected individuals but no study has combined these sequences into a cohesive dataset. This work aims to rectify this and study the genomics of this patient group through a combination of literature searches as well as identifying new case series directly from the COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) dataset. The spike gene receptor-binding domain and N-terminal domain (NTD) were identified as mutation hotspots. Numerous mutations associated with variants of concern were observed to emerge recurrently. Additionally a mutation in the envelope gene, T30I was determined to be the second most frequent recurrently occurring mutation arising in persistent infections. A high proportion of recurrent mutations in immunodeficient individuals are associated with ACE2 affinity, immune escape, or viral packaging optimisation.There is an apparent selective pressure for mutations that aid cell–cell transmission within the host or persistence which are often different from mutations that aid inter-host transmission, although the fact that multiple recurrent de novo mutations are considered defining for variants of concern strongly indicates that this potential source of novel variants should not be discounted. © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press.

7. COVID-19 due to the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant compared to B.1.1.7 (Alpha) variant of SARS-CoV-2: a prospective observational cohort study

Author

Kläser, K., Molteni, E., Graham, M., Canas, L. S., Österdahl, M. F., Antonelli, M., Chen, L., Deng, J., Murray, B., Kerfoot, E., Wolf, J., May, A., Fox, B., Capdevila, J., Aanensen, D. M., Abudahab, K., Adams, H., Adams, A., Afifi, S., Aggarwal, D., Ahmad, S. S. Y., Aigrain, L., Alcolea-Medina, A., Alikhan, N-F, Allara, E., Amato, R., Angyal, A., Annett, T., Aplin, S., Ariani, C. V., Asad, H., Ash, A., Ashfield, P., Ashford, F., Atkinson, L., Attwood, S. W., Auckland, C., Aydin, A., Baker, D. J., Baker, P., Balcazar, C. E., Ball, J., Barrett, J. C., Barrow, M., Barton, E., Bashton, M., Bassett, A. R., Batra, R., Baxter, C., Bayzid, N., Beaver, C., Beckett, A. H., Beckwith, S. M., Bedford, L., Beer, R., Beggs, A., Bellis, K. L., Berry, L., Bertolusso, B., Best, A., Betteridge, E., Bibby, D., Bicknell, K., Binns, D., Birchley, A., Bird, P. W., Bishop, C., Blacow, R., Blakey, V., Blane, B., Bolt, F., Bonfield, J., Bonner, S., Bonsall, D., Boswell, T., Bosworth, A., Bourgeois, Y., Boyd, O., Bradley, D. T., Breen, C., Bresner, C., Breuer, J., Bridgett, S., Bronner, I. F., Brooks, E., Broos, A., Brown, J. R., Bucca, G., Buchan, S. L., Buck, D., Bull, M., Burns, P. J., Burton-Fanning, S., Byaruhanga, T., Byott, M., Campbell, S., Carabelli, A. M., Cargill, J. S., Carlile, M., Carvalho, S. F., Casey, A., Castigador, A., Catalan, J., Chalker, V., Chaloner, N. J., Chand, M., Chappell, J. G., Charalampous, T., Chatterton, W., Chaudhry, Y., Churcher, C. M., Clark, G., Clarke, P., Cogger, B. J., Cole, K., Collins, J., Colquhoun, R., Connor, T. R., Cook, K. F., Coombes, J., Corden, S., Cormie, C., Cortes, N., Cotic, M., Cotton, S., Cottrell, S., Coupland, L., Cox, M. G., Cox, A., Craine, N., Crawford, L., Cross, A., Crown, M. R., Crudgington, D., Cumley, N., Curran, T., Curran, M. D., da Silva Filipe, A., Dabrera, G., Darby, A. C., Davidson, R. K., Davies, A., Davies, R. M., Davis, T., de Angelis, D., De Lacy, E., de Oliveira Martins, L., de Silva, T. I., Debebe, J., Denton-Smith, R., Dervisevic, S., Dewar, R., Dey, J., Dias, J., Dobie, D., Dorman, M. J., Downing, F., Driscoll, M., du Plessis, L., Duckworth, N., Durham, J., Eastick, K., Easton, L. J., Eccles, R., Edgeworth, J., Edwards, S., Bouzidi, K. E., Eldirdiri, S., Ellaby, N., Elliott, S., Eltringham, G., Ensell, L., Erkiert, M. J., Zamudio, M. E., Essex, S., Evans, J. M., Evans, C., Everson, W., Fairley, D. J., Fallon, K., Fanaie, A., Farr, B. W., Fearn, C., Feltwell, T., Ferguson, L., Fina, L., Flaviani, F., Fleming, V. M., Forrest, S., Foster-Nyarko, E., Foulkes, B. H., Foulser, L., Fragakis, M., Frampton, D., Francois, S., Fraser, C., Freeman, T. M., Fryer, H., Fuchs, M., Fuller, W., Gajee, K., Galai, K., Gallagher, A., Gallagher, E., Gallagher, M. D., Gallis, M., Gaskin, A., Gatica-Wilcox, B., Geidelberg, L., Gemmell, M., Georgana, I., George, R. P., Gifford, L., Gilbert, L., Girgis, S. T., Glaysher, S., Goldstein, E. J., Golubchik, T., Gomes, A. N., Gonçalves, S., Goodfellow, I. G., Goodwin, S., Goudarzi, S., Gourtovaia, M., Graham, C. A., Graham, L., Grant, P. R., Green, L. R., Green, A., Greenaway, J., Gregory, R., Guest, M., Gunson, R. N., Gupta, R. K., Gutierrez, B., Haldenby, S. T., Hamilton, W. L., Hansford, S. E., Haque, T., Harris, K. A., Harrison, I., Harrison, E. M., Hart, J., Hartley, .J. A., Harvey, W. T., Harvey, M., Hassan-Ibrahim, M. O., Heaney, J., Helmer, T., Henderson, J. H., Hesketh, A. R., Hey, J., Heyburn, D., Higginson, E. E., Hill, V., Hill, J. D., Hilson, R. A., Hilvers, E., Holden, M. T. G., Hollis, A., Holmes, C. W., Holmes, N., Holmes, A. H., Hopes, R., Hornsby, H. R., Hosmillo, M., Houlihan, C., Howson-Wells, H. C., Hsu, S. N., Hubb, J., Huckson, H., Hughes, W., Hughes, J., Hughes, M., Hutchings, S., Idle, G, Illingworth, CJ, Impey, R, Irish-Tavares, D, Iturriza-Gomara, M, Izuagbe, R, Jackson, C, Jackson, B, Jackson, LM, Jackson, KA, Jackson, DK, Jahun, AS, James, V, James, K, Jeanes, C, Jeffries, AR, Jeremiah, S, Jermy, A, John, M, Johnson, R, Johnson, K, Johnston, I, Jones, O, Jones, S, Jones, H, Jones, CR, Jones, N, Joseph, A, Judges, S, Kay, GL, Kay, S, Keatley, J - P, Keeley, AJ, Kenyon, A, Kermack, LM, Khakh, M, Kidd, SP, Kimuli, M, Kirk, S, Kitchen, C, Kitchman, K, Knight, BA, Koshy, C, Kraemer, MUG, Kumziene-Summerhayes, S, Kwiatkowski, D, Lackenby, A, Laing, KG, Lampejo, T, Langford, CF, Lavin, D, Lawton, AI, Lee, JCD, Lee, D, Lensing, SV, Leonard, S, Levett, LJ, Le-Viet, T, Lewis, J, Lewis, K, Liddle, J, Liggett, S, Lillie, PJ, Lindsey, BB, Lister, MM, Livett, R, Lo, S, Loman, NJ, Loose, MW, Louka, SF, Loveson, KF, Lowdon, S, Lowe, H, Lowe, HL, Lucaci, AO, Ludden, C, Lynch, J, Lyons, RA, Lythgoe, K, Machin, NW, MacIntyre-Cockett, G, Mack, A, Macklin, B, Maclean, A, Macnaughton, E, Madona, P, Maes, M, Maftei, L, Mahanama, AIK, Mahungu, TW, Mair, D, Maksimovic, J, Malone, CS, Maloney, D, Manesis, N, Manley, R, Mantzouratou, A, Marchbank, A, Mariappan, A, Martincorena, I, Nunez, RTM, Mather, AE, Maxwell, P, Mayhew, M, Mbisa, T, McCann, CM, McCarthy, SA, McCluggage, K, McClure, PC, McCrone, JT, McHugh, MP, McKenna, JP, McKerr, C, McManus, GM, McMurray, CL, McMurray, C, McNally, A, Meadows, L, Medd, N, Megram, O, Menegazzo, M, Merrick, I, Michell, SL, Michelsen, ML, Mirfenderesky, M, Mirza, J, Miskelly, J, Moles-Garcia, E, Moll, RJ, Molnar, Z, Monahan, IM, Mondani, M, Mookerjee, S, Moore, C, Moore, J, Moore, N, Morcrette, H, Morgan, S, Morgan, M, Mori, M, Morriss, A, Moses, S, Mower, C, Muir, P, Mukaddas, A, Munemo, F, Munn, R, Murray, A, Murray, LJ, Murray, DR, Mutingwende, M, Myers, R, Nastouli, E, Nebbia, G, Nelson, A, Nelson, C, Nicholls, S, Nichols, J, Nicodemi, R, Nomikou, K, O’Grady, J, O’Brien, S, Odedra, M, Ohemeng-Kumi, N, Oliver, K, Orton, RJ, Osman, H, O’Toole, Á, Pacchiarini, N, Padgett, D, Page, AJ, Park, EJ, Park, NR, Parker, MD, Parmar, S, Partridge, DG, Pascall, D, Patel, A, Patel, B, Paterson, S, Payne, BAI, Peacock, SJ, Pearson, C, Pelosi, E, Percival, B, Perkins, J, Perry, M, Pinckert, ML, Platt, S, Podplomyk, O, Pohare, M, Pond, M, Pope, CF, Poplawski, R, Powell, J, Poyner, J, Prestwood, L, Price, A, Price, JR, Prieto, JA, Pritchard, DT, Prosolek, SJ, Pugh, G, Pusok, M, Pybus, OG, Pymont, HM, Quail, MA, Quick, J, Radulescu, C, Raghwani, J, Ragonnet-Cronin, M, Rainbow, L, Rajan, D, Rajatileka, S, Ramadan, NA, Rambaut, A, Ramble, J, Randell, PA, Randell, P, Ratcliffe, L, Raviprakash, V, Raza, M, Redshaw, NM, Rey, S, Reynolds, N, Richter, A, Robertson, DL, Robinson, E, Robson, SC, Rogan, F, Rooke, S, Rowe, W, Roy, S, Rudder, S, Ruis, C, Rushton, S, Ryan, F, Saeed, K, Samaraweera, B, Sambles, CM, Sanderson, R, Sanderson, T, Sang, F, Sass, T, Scher, E, Scott, G, Scott, C, Sehmi, J, Shaaban, S, Shah, D, Shaw, J, Shelest, E, Shepherd, JG, Sheridan, LA, Sheriff, N, Shirley, L, Sillitoe, J, Silviera, S, Simpson, DA, Singh, A, Singleton, D, Skvortsov, T, Sloan, TJ, Sluga, G, Smith, K, Smith, KS, Smith, P, Smith, DL, Smith, L, Smith, CP, Smith, N, Smollett, KL, Snell, LB, Somassa, T, Southgate, J, Spellman, K, Chapman, MHS, Spurgin, LG, Spyer, MJ, Stanley, R, Stanley, W, Stanton, TD, Starinskij, I, Stockton, J, Stonehouse, S, Storey, N, Studholme, DJ, Sudhanva, M, Swindells, E, Taha, Y, Tan, NK, Tang, JW, Tang, M, Taylor, BEW, Taylor, JF, Taylor, S, Temperton, B, Templeton, KE, Thomas, C, Thomson, L, Thomson, EC, Thornton, A, Thurston, SAJ, Todd, JA, Tomb, R, Tong, L, Tonkin-Hill, G, Torok, ME, Tovar-Corona, JM, Trebes, A, Trotter, AJ, Tsatsani, I, Turnbull, R, Turtle, L, Twohig, KA, Umpleby, H, Underwood, AP, Vamos, EE, Vasylyeva, TI, Vattipally, S, Vernet, G, Vipond, BB, Volz, EM, Walsh, S, Wang, D, Warne, B, Warwick-Dugdale, J, Wastnedge, E, Watkins, J, Watson, LK, Waugh, S, Webster, HJ, Weldon, D, Westwick, E, Whalley, T, Wheeler, H, Whitehead, M, Whiteley, M, Whitwham, A, Wierzbicki, C, Willford, NJ, Williams, L-A, Williams, R, Williams, C, Williams, CA, Williams, RJ, Williams, T, Williamson, KA, Wilson-Davies, E, Witele, E, Withell, KT, Witney, AA, Wolverson, P, Wong, N, Workman, T, Wright, V, Wright, DW, Wyatt, T, Wyllie, S, Xu-McCrae, L., Yavus, M., Yaze, G., Yeats, C. A., Yebra, G., Yew, W. C., Young, G. R., Young, J., Zarebski, A. E., Zhang, P., Modat, M., Hammers, A., Spector, T. D., Steves, C. J., Sudre, C. H., Ourselin, S., Duncan, E. L., Kläser, K., Molteni, E., Graham, M., Canas, L. S., Österdahl, M. F., Antonelli, M., Chen, L., Deng, J., Murray, B., Kerfoot, E., Wolf, J., May, A., Fox, B., Capdevila, J., Aanensen, D. M., Abudahab, K., Adams, H., Adams, A., Afifi, S., Aggarwal, D., Ahmad, S. S. Y., Aigrain, L., Alcolea-Medina, A., Alikhan, N-F, Allara, E., Amato, R., Angyal, A., Annett, T., Aplin, S., Ariani, C. V., Asad, H., Ash, A., Ashfield, P., Ashford, F., Atkinson, L., Attwood, S. W., Auckland, C., Aydin, A., Baker, D. J., Baker, P., Balcazar, C. E., Ball, J., Barrett, J. C., Barrow, M., Barton, E., Bashton, M., Bassett, A. R., Batra, R., Baxter, C., Bayzid, N., Beaver, C., Beckett, A. H., Beckwith, S. M., Bedford, L., Beer, R., Beggs, A., Bellis, K. L., Berry, L., Bertolusso, B., Best, A., Betteridge, E., Bibby, D., Bicknell, K., Binns, D., Birchley, A., Bird, P. W., Bishop, C., Blacow, R., Blakey, V., Blane, B., Bolt, F., Bonfield, J., Bonner, S., Bonsall, D., Boswell, T., Bosworth, A., Bourgeois, Y., Boyd, O., Bradley, D. T., Breen, C., Bresner, C., Breuer, J., Bridgett, S., Bronner, I. F., Brooks, E., Broos, A., Brown, J. R., Bucca, G., Buchan, S. L., Buck, D., Bull, M., Burns, P. J., Burton-Fanning, S., Byaruhanga, T., Byott, M., Campbell, S., Carabelli, A. M., Cargill, J. S., Carlile, M., Carvalho, S. F., Casey, A., Castigador, A., Catalan, J., Chalker, V., Chaloner, N. J., Chand, M., Chappell, J. G., Charalampous, T., Chatterton, W., Chaudhry, Y., Churcher, C. M., Clark, G., Clarke, P., Cogger, B. J., Cole, K., Collins, J., Colquhoun, R., Connor, T. R., Cook, K. F., Coombes, J., Corden, S., Cormie, C., Cortes, N., Cotic, M., Cotton, S., Cottrell, S., Coupland, L., Cox, M. G., Cox, A., Craine, N., Crawford, L., Cross, A., Crown, M. R., Crudgington, D., Cumley, N., Curran, T., Curran, M. D., da Silva Filipe, A., Dabrera, G., Darby, A. C., Davidson, R. K., Davies, A., Davies, R. M., Davis, T., de Angelis, D., De Lacy, E., de Oliveira Martins, L., de Silva, T. I., Debebe, J., Denton-Smith, R., Dervisevic, S., Dewar, R., Dey, J., Dias, J., Dobie, D., Dorman, M. J., Downing, F., Driscoll, M., du Plessis, L., Duckworth, N., Durham, J., Eastick, K., Easton, L. J., Eccles, R., Edgeworth, J., Edwards, S., Bouzidi, K. E., Eldirdiri, S., Ellaby, N., Elliott, S., Eltringham, G., Ensell, L., Erkiert, M. J., Zamudio, M. E., Essex, S., Evans, J. M., Evans, C., Everson, W., Fairley, D. J., Fallon, K., Fanaie, A., Farr, B. W., Fearn, C., Feltwell, T., Ferguson, L., Fina, L., Flaviani, F., Fleming, V. M., Forrest, S., Foster-Nyarko, E., Foulkes, B. H., Foulser, L., Fragakis, M., Frampton, D., Francois, S., Fraser, C., Freeman, T. M., Fryer, H., Fuchs, M., Fuller, W., Gajee, K., Galai, K., Gallagher, A., Gallagher, E., Gallagher, M. D., Gallis, M., Gaskin, A., Gatica-Wilcox, B., Geidelberg, L., Gemmell, M., Georgana, I., George, R. P., Gifford, L., Gilbert, L., Girgis, S. T., Glaysher, S., Goldstein, E. J., Golubchik, T., Gomes, A. N., Gonçalves, S., Goodfellow, I. G., Goodwin, S., Goudarzi, S., Gourtovaia, M., Graham, C. A., Graham, L., Grant, P. R., Green, L. R., Green, A., Greenaway, J., Gregory, R., Guest, M., Gunson, R. N., Gupta, R. K., Gutierrez, B., Haldenby, S. T., Hamilton, W. L., Hansford, S. E., Haque, T., Harris, K. A., Harrison, I., Harrison, E. M., Hart, J., Hartley, .J. A., Harvey, W. T., Harvey, M., Hassan-Ibrahim, M. O., Heaney, J., Helmer, T., Henderson, J. H., Hesketh, A. R., Hey, J., Heyburn, D., Higginson, E. E., Hill, V., Hill, J. D., Hilson, R. A., Hilvers, E., Holden, M. T. G., Hollis, A., Holmes, C. W., Holmes, N., Holmes, A. H., Hopes, R., Hornsby, H. R., Hosmillo, M., Houlihan, C., Howson-Wells, H. C., Hsu, S. N., Hubb, J., Huckson, H., Hughes, W., Hughes, J., Hughes, M., Hutchings, S., Idle, G, Illingworth, CJ, Impey, R, Irish-Tavares, D, Iturriza-Gomara, M, Izuagbe, R, Jackson, C, Jackson, B, Jackson, LM, Jackson, KA, Jackson, DK, Jahun, AS, James, V, James, K, Jeanes, C, Jeffries, AR, Jeremiah, S, Jermy, A, John, M, Johnson, R, Johnson, K, Johnston, I, Jones, O, Jones, S, Jones, H, Jones, CR, Jones, N, Joseph, A, Judges, S, Kay, GL, Kay, S, Keatley, J - P, Keeley, AJ, Kenyon, A, Kermack, LM, Khakh, M, Kidd, SP, Kimuli, M, Kirk, S, Kitchen, C, Kitchman, K, Knight, BA, Koshy, C, Kraemer, MUG, Kumziene-Summerhayes, S, Kwiatkowski, D, Lackenby, A, Laing, KG, Lampejo, T, Langford, CF, Lavin, D, Lawton, AI, Lee, JCD, Lee, D, Lensing, SV, Leonard, S, Levett, LJ, Le-Viet, T, Lewis, J, Lewis, K, Liddle, J, Liggett, S, Lillie, PJ, Lindsey, BB, Lister, MM, Livett, R, Lo, S, Loman, NJ, Loose, MW, Louka, SF, Loveson, KF, Lowdon, S, Lowe, H, Lowe, HL, Lucaci, AO, Ludden, C, Lynch, J, Lyons, RA, Lythgoe, K, Machin, NW, MacIntyre-Cockett, G, Mack, A, Macklin, B, Maclean, A, Macnaughton, E, Madona, P, Maes, M, Maftei, L, Mahanama, AIK, Mahungu, TW, Mair, D, Maksimovic, J, Malone, CS, Maloney, D, Manesis, N, Manley, R, Mantzouratou, A, Marchbank, A, Mariappan, A, Martincorena, I, Nunez, RTM, Mather, AE, Maxwell, P, Mayhew, M, Mbisa, T, McCann, CM, McCarthy, SA, McCluggage, K, McClure, PC, McCrone, JT, McHugh, MP, McKenna, JP, McKerr, C, McManus, GM, McMurray, CL, McMurray, C, McNally, A, Meadows, L, Medd, N, Megram, O, Menegazzo, M, Merrick, I, Michell, SL, Michelsen, ML, Mirfenderesky, M, Mirza, J, Miskelly, J, Moles-Garcia, E, Moll, RJ, Molnar, Z, Monahan, IM, Mondani, M, Mookerjee, S, Moore, C, Moore, J, Moore, N, Morcrette, H, Morgan, S, Morgan, M, Mori, M, Morriss, A, Moses, S, Mower, C, Muir, P, Mukaddas, A, Munemo, F, Munn, R, Murray, A, Murray, LJ, Murray, DR, Mutingwende, M, Myers, R, Nastouli, E, Nebbia, G, Nelson, A, Nelson, C, Nicholls, S, Nichols, J, Nicodemi, R, Nomikou, K, O’Grady, J, O’Brien, S, Odedra, M, Ohemeng-Kumi, N, Oliver, K, Orton, RJ, Osman, H, O’Toole, Á, Pacchiarini, N, Padgett, D, Page, AJ, Park, EJ, Park, NR, Parker, MD, Parmar, S, Partridge, DG, Pascall, D, Patel, A, Patel, B, Paterson, S, Payne, BAI, Peacock, SJ, Pearson, C, Pelosi, E, Percival, B, Perkins, J, Perry, M, Pinckert, ML, Platt, S, Podplomyk, O, Pohare, M, Pond, M, Pope, CF, Poplawski, R, Powell, J, Poyner, J, Prestwood, L, Price, A, Price, JR, Prieto, JA, Pritchard, DT, Prosolek, SJ, Pugh, G, Pusok, M, Pybus, OG, Pymont, HM, Quail, MA, Quick, J, Radulescu, C, Raghwani, J, Ragonnet-Cronin, M, Rainbow, L, Rajan, D, Rajatileka, S, Ramadan, NA, Rambaut, A, Ramble, J, Randell, PA, Randell, P, Ratcliffe, L, Raviprakash, V, Raza, M, Redshaw, NM, Rey, S, Reynolds, N, Richter, A, Robertson, DL, Robinson, E, Robson, SC, Rogan, F, Rooke, S, Rowe, W, Roy, S, Rudder, S, Ruis, C, Rushton, S, Ryan, F, Saeed, K, Samaraweera, B, Sambles, CM, Sanderson, R, Sanderson, T, Sang, F, Sass, T, Scher, E, Scott, G, Scott, C, Sehmi, J, Shaaban, S, Shah, D, Shaw, J, Shelest, E, Shepherd, JG, Sheridan, LA, Sheriff, N, Shirley, L, Sillitoe, J, Silviera, S, Simpson, DA, Singh, A, Singleton, D, Skvortsov, T, Sloan, TJ, Sluga, G, Smith, K, Smith, KS, Smith, P, Smith, DL, Smith, L, Smith, CP, Smith, N, Smollett, KL, Snell, LB, Somassa, T, Southgate, J, Spellman, K, Chapman, MHS, Spurgin, LG, Spyer, MJ, Stanley, R, Stanley, W, Stanton, TD, Starinskij, I, Stockton, J, Stonehouse, S, Storey, N, Studholme, DJ, Sudhanva, M, Swindells, E, Taha, Y, Tan, NK, Tang, JW, Tang, M, Taylor, BEW, Taylor, JF, Taylor, S, Temperton, B, Templeton, KE, Thomas, C, Thomson, L, Thomson, EC, Thornton, A, Thurston, SAJ, Todd, JA, Tomb, R, Tong, L, Tonkin-Hill, G, Torok, ME, Tovar-Corona, JM, Trebes, A, Trotter, AJ, Tsatsani, I, Turnbull, R, Turtle, L, Twohig, KA, Umpleby, H, Underwood, AP, Vamos, EE, Vasylyeva, TI, Vattipally, S, Vernet, G, Vipond, BB, Volz, EM, Walsh, S, Wang, D, Warne, B, Warwick-Dugdale, J, Wastnedge, E, Watkins, J, Watson, LK, Waugh, S, Webster, HJ, Weldon, D, Westwick, E, Whalley, T, Wheeler, H, Whitehead, M, Whiteley, M, Whitwham, A, Wierzbicki, C, Willford, NJ, Williams, L-A, Williams, R, Williams, C, Williams, CA, Williams, RJ, Williams, T, Williamson, KA, Wilson-Davies, E, Witele, E, Withell, KT, Witney, AA, Wolverson, P, Wong, N, Workman, T, Wright, V, Wright, DW, Wyatt, T, Wyllie, S, Xu-McCrae, L., Yavus, M., Yaze, G., Yeats, C. A., Yebra, G., Yew, W. C., Young, G. R., Young, J., Zarebski, A. E., Zhang, P., Modat, M., Hammers, A., Spector, T. D., Steves, C. J., Sudre, C. H., Ourselin, S., and Duncan, E. L.

Abstract

The Delta (B.1.617.2) variant was the predominant UK circulating SARS-CoV-2 strain between May and December 2021. How Delta infection compares with previous variants is unknown. This prospective observational cohort study assessed symptomatic adults participating in the app-based COVID Symptom Study who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 from May 26 to July 1, 2021 (Delta overwhelmingly the predominant circulating UK variant), compared (1:1, age- and sex-matched) with individuals presenting from December 28, 2020 to May 6, 2021 (Alpha (B.1.1.7) the predominant variant). We assessed illness (symptoms, duration, presentation to hospital) during Alpha- and Delta-predominant timeframes; and transmission, reinfection, and vaccine effectiveness during the Delta-predominant period. 3581 individuals (aged 18 to 100 years) from each timeframe were assessed. The seven most frequent symptoms were common to both variants. Within the first 28 days of illness, some symptoms were more common with Delta versus Alpha infection (including fever, sore throat, and headache) and some vice versa (dyspnoea). Symptom burden in the first week was higher with Delta versus Alpha infection; however, the odds of any given symptom lasting ≥ 7 days was either lower or unchanged. Illness duration ≥ 28 days was lower with Delta versus Alpha infection, though unchanged in unvaccinated individuals. Hospitalisation for COVID-19 was unchanged. The Delta variant appeared more (1.49) transmissible than Alpha. Re-infections were low in all UK regions. Vaccination markedly reduced the risk of Delta infection (by 69-84%). We conclude that COVID-19 from Delta or Alpha infections is similar. The Delta variant is more transmissible than Alpha; however, current vaccines showed good efficacy against disease. This research framework can be useful for future comparisons with new emerging variants. © 2022, The Author(s).

8. Publisher Correction: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron is an immune escape variant with an altered cell entry pathway

Author

Willett, B. J., Grove, J., MacLean, O. A., Wilkie, C., De Lorenzo, G., Furnon, W., Cantoni, D., Scott, S., Logan, N., Ashraf, S., Manali, M., Szemiel, A., Cowton, V., Vink, E., Harvey, W. T., Davis, C., Asamaphan, P., Smollett, K., Tong, L., Orton, R., Hughes, J., Holland, P., Silva, V., Pascall, D. J., Puxty, K., da Silva Filipe, A., Yebra, G., Shaaban, S., Holden, M. T. G., Pinto, R. M., Gunson, R., Templeton, K., Murcia, P. R., Patel, A. H., Klenerman, P., Dunachie, S., Barnes, E., Brown, A., Adele, S., Kronsteiner, B., Murray, S. M., Abraham, P., Deeks, A., Ansari, M. A., de Silva, T., Turtle, L., Moore, S., Austin, J., Richter, A., Duncan, C., Payne, R., Ash, A., Koshy, C., Kele, B., Cutino-Moguel, T., Fairley, D. J., McKenna, J. P., Curran, T., Adams, H., Fraser, C., Bonsall, D., Fryer, H., Lythgoe, K., Thomson, L., Golubchik, T., Murray, A., Singleton, D., Beckwith, S. M., Mantzouratou, A., Barrow, M., Buchan, S. L., Reynolds, N., Warne, B., Maksimovic, J., Spellman, K., McCluggage, K., John, M., Beer, R., Afifi, S., Morgan, S., Mack, A., Marchbank, A., Price, A., Morriss, A., Bresner, C., Kitchen, C., Merrick, I., Southgate, J., Guest, M., Jones, O., Munn, R., Connor, T. R., Whalley, T., Workman, T., Fuller, W., Patel, A., Patel, B., Nebbia, G., Willett, B. J., Grove, J., MacLean, O. A., Wilkie, C., De Lorenzo, G., Furnon, W., Cantoni, D., Scott, S., Logan, N., Ashraf, S., Manali, M., Szemiel, A., Cowton, V., Vink, E., Harvey, W. T., Davis, C., Asamaphan, P., Smollett, K., Tong, L., Orton, R., Hughes, J., Holland, P., Silva, V., Pascall, D. J., Puxty, K., da Silva Filipe, A., Yebra, G., Shaaban, S., Holden, M. T. G., Pinto, R. M., Gunson, R., Templeton, K., Murcia, P. R., Patel, A. H., Klenerman, P., Dunachie, S., Barnes, E., Brown, A., Adele, S., Kronsteiner, B., Murray, S. M., Abraham, P., Deeks, A., Ansari, M. A., de Silva, T., Turtle, L., Moore, S., Austin, J., Richter, A., Duncan, C., Payne, R., Ash, A., Koshy, C., Kele, B., Cutino-Moguel, T., Fairley, D. J., McKenna, J. P., Curran, T., Adams, H., Fraser, C., Bonsall, D., Fryer, H., Lythgoe, K., Thomson, L., Golubchik, T., Murray, A., Singleton, D., Beckwith, S. M., Mantzouratou, A., Barrow, M., Buchan, S. L., Reynolds, N., Warne, B., Maksimovic, J., Spellman, K., McCluggage, K., John, M., Beer, R., Afifi, S., Morgan, S., Mack, A., Marchbank, A., Price, A., Morriss, A., Bresner, C., Kitchen, C., Merrick, I., Southgate, J., Guest, M., Jones, O., Munn, R., Connor, T. R., Whalley, T., Workman, T., Fuller, W., Patel, A., Patel, B., and Nebbia, G.

Abstract

In the version of this article initially published, the author affiliation information was incomplete, neglecting to note that Brian J. Willett, Joe Grove, Oscar A. MacLean, Craig Wilkie, Giuditta De Lorenzo, Wilhelm Furnon, Diego Cantoni, Sam Scott, Nicola Logan and Shirin Ashraf contributed equally and that John Haughney, David L. Robertson, Massimo Palmarini, Surajit Ray and Emma C. Thomson jointly supervised the work, as now indicated in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.

19. 'Lyme disease': ancient engine of an unrecognized borreliosis pandemic?

Author

Harvey WT and Salvato P

Subjects
Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial blood, Arthropod Vectors, Blotting, Western, Borrelia burgdorferi genetics, Borrelia burgdorferi immunology, Borrelia burgdorferi isolation & purification, Humans, Lyme Disease etiology, Lyme Disease physiopathology, Models, Theoretical, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Texas epidemiology, Lyme Disease epidemiology
Abstract

Unexpectedly we have found large numbers of chronically ill Borrelia burgdorferi PCR- and seropositive patients in Houston, Texas, a zoonotically 'non-endemic' area. In order to understand this finding prior to sufficient data availability, we chose to examine critically currently accepted but troublesome 'Lyme disease' concepts. Our method was to analyze each foundation 'Lyme disease' premise within the context of available medical and veterinary literature, then to reconstruct the disease model consistent with the preponderance of that data. We find the present conceptualization of the illness seriously truncated, with a high likelihood of two distinct but connected forms of human B. burgdorferi infection. The yet-unrecognized form appears to have a broader clinical presentation, wider geographic distribution, and vastly greater prevalence. We conclude that 'Lyme disease' currently acknowledges only its zoonosis arm and is a limited conceptualization of a far more pervasive and unrecognized infection state that must be considered a global epidemic.

Published
2003
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22. Decompression sickness and intravenous bubble formation using a 7.8 psia simulated pressure-suit environment.

Author

Dixon GA, Adams JD, and Harvey WT

Subjects
Adult, Blood Flow Velocity, Extraterrestrial Environment, Humans, Male, Oxygen blood, Pressure, Ultrasonics, Decompression Sickness prevention & control, Gravity Suits, Space Flight
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum spacesuit pressure required to prevent decompression sickness (DCS) during operational conditions in a 50% oxygen/50% nitrogen environment. In this study, 30 male volunteer subjects were exposed in groups of three, to three consecutive daily extravehicular activity (EVA) simulations at 7.8 psia (5,031 m altitude equivalent) for a continuous period of 6 h. During each altitude exposure, the subjects participated in similar exercise workloads expected to be experienced by astronauts during a typical EVA scenario. Precordial Doppler monitoring revealed that 73.3% of the subjects had intravenous bubbling during at least 1 d of the 3 d of exposure, with 26.7% remaining bubble-free during the entire study. No correlation was found between either body fat or age and incidence of bubble formation. One case of DCS occurred during the study indicating that 7.8 psia is not sufficient pressure to totally preclude DCS in a 50% oxygen/50% nitrogen environment. The necessary pressure awaits further study.

Published
1986

23. A flight surgeon's personal view of an emerging illness.

Author

Harvey WT

Subjects
Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic diagnosis, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Aerospace Medicine, Attitude of Health Personnel, Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic psychology, Sick Role, Space Flight
Abstract

The personal experience of a retired Air Force flight surgeon and instrument-rated civilian pilot with an illness that has achieved recent prominence in both the popular and medical press is recounted. The author believes that the illness is widely prevalent and its incidence is increasing. His experience and conviction is that, during certain phases of the illness, both cognitive dysfunction and orthostatic intolerance occur that can pose grave safety risks in the aviation environment, and must be taken seriously by the practicing flight surgeon. As in all emerging illnesses, clinical experience and judgment must precede more definitive proof of the effects of this illness.

Published
1989

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