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The massive amount of wasted heat energy from industry has pushed the development of thermoelectric (TE) materials that directly convert heat into electricity to a new level of concern. Recently, multicomponent alloys such as GeTe-based and PbSe-based high-entropy (HE) chalcogenides have attracted a great deal of attention due to their potential application as TE materials. The nature of the interatomic bonding, lattice distortion (LD), and the electronic structure in this class of materials is not fully understood. Herein, we report a comprehensive computational investigation of nine GeTe-based HE alloys with eight metallic elements (Ag, Pb, Sb, Bi, Cu, Cd, Mn, and Sn) with large supercells of 1080 atoms each; seven PbSe-based HE solid solutions: Pb0.99−ySb0.012SnySe1−2xTexSx (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, with y = 0) with supercells of 1000 atoms each; and five Pb0.99−ySb0.012SnySe1−2xTexSx (y = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 with x = 0.25) solid solutions with supercells of 1000 atoms each. All these HE models are theoretically investigated for the first time. The electronic structure, interatomic bonding, charge transfer, and lattice distortion (LD) are investigated by first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. Multicomponent HE alloys can cause a significant LD, which affects their mechanical, thermal, and TE properties. The calculations for the GeTe-based HE chalcogenides showed that they are semiconductors with a narrow bandgap, except for m8, which has a semi-metallic characteristic, and this makes them good candidates for TE applications. For most of these models, the Fermi level shifts upward and locates deeply in the conduction bands, resulting in the enhancement of the electrical conductivity (σ). The bonding properties showed that most bonds in m5 are more dispersed, indicating highest LD and lower lattice thermal conductivity. For PbSe-based HE solid solutions, the LD calculations showed that the models Pb0.99Sb0.012Se0.5Te0.25S0.25 and Pb0.89Sb0.012Sn0.1Se0.5Te0.25S0.25 have the higher LD, and thus a lower lattice thermal conductivity. Such investigations are in high demand since it enables us to design new HE chalcogenides for TE applications. We use the novel concept of total bond order density as a single quantum mechanical metric to characterize the internal cohesion of these HE alloys and correlate with calculated properties, especially the mechanical properties. This work provides a solid database for HE chalcogenides and a road map for many potential applications. Moreover, the computational procedure we developed can be used to design new HE chalcogenides for specific TE applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of gradient softer outer layers, commonly observed in biological systems (such as cartilage and ocular tissues), as well as synthetic crosslinked hydrogels, profoundly influences their interactions with opposing surfaces. Our prior research demonstrated that gradient-stiffness hydrogel layers, characterized by increasing elasticity with depth, control contact mechanics, particularly in proximity to the layer thickness. We postulate that the distribution of polymers within these gradient layers imparts extraordinary stretch and adhesion characteristics due to network adaptability and stress-induced reorganization. To investigate this phenomenon, we utilized Atomic Force Microscopy nanoindentation to assess the depth-dependent adhesion behavior of polyacrylamide hydrogels with varying gradient layer thicknesses. Two gradient layer thicknesses were achieved by employing different molding materials: glass and polyoxymethylene (POM). Glass-molded hydrogels exhibited a thinner gradient layer alongside a stiffer bulk layer compared to their POM-molded counterparts. In indentation experiments, the POM-molded hydrogel had larger adhesion compared to glass-molded hydrogel. We find that indenting within the gradient layer engenders increased load-unload hysteresis due to heightened fluid transport in the sparse outer polymer network. Consequently, this led to augmented adhesion and work of separation at shallow depths. We suggest that the prominent stretching capability of the sparse outer polymer network during probe retraction contributes to enhanced adhesion. The Maugis–Dugdale adhesive model only fits well to indentations on the thin layer or indentations which engage significantly with the bulk. These results facilitate a comprehensive characterization of adhesion mechanics in gradient-stiffness hydrogels, which could foster their application across emerging contexts in health science and environmental domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Egg quality, can be divided into two groups as internal and external, is evaluated using various methods whether breaking eggs. Image processing makes digital images usable for various purposes such as image compression, image editing, object recognition, face recognition, medical imaging, and many other areas such as the automotive industry. This study aimed to determine the freshness of eggs using different artificial intelligence optimization methods with image processing without breaking the eggs. Artificial neural networks (ANNs), artificial bee colonies, particle swarm optimization, and genetic algorithms were compared using classification coefficients. As a result of the study, it was determined that ANNs, GA, PSO, ABC algorithms had R2 values of 0.9492, 0.14, 0.07, 0.13, respectively, and ANNs could be used to determine egg freshness. According to the results, it has been understood that the most suitable method for determining egg freshness is artificial neural networks which can be effectively used for this purpose and has sufficient accuracy to be transferred to industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the magnetoelectric coupling effect in dual‐phase multiferroic composites prepared using a solid‐state reaction method. The composites were fabricated with the formula (1−x)Ba₀.₇₇Ca₀.₂₃TiO₃(BCT) + xNi₀.₆Zn₀.₂₅La₀.₁₅Fe₂O₄(NZLFO), where x varied from 0% to 100% in 10% increments. Ca‐doped BaTiO₃ served as the ferroelectric phase, while La‐doped Ni–Zn ferrite acted as the ferromagnetic phase. The effects of varying ferrite content (x) on structural, optical, ferroelectric, electrical, and magnetoelectric properties were comprehensively analyzed. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) with Rietveld refinement revealed a spinel cubic structure for the ferrite phases and a tetragonal structure for the perovskite phases. The study observed a moderate influence of ferrite concentration on the lattice parameters of BCT and an opposing effect on the lattice parameters of NZLFO. Optical measurements indicated higher light absorption in the visible range compared to the UV region and wide optical bandgap. Magnetic properties, characterized by saturation magnetization, exhibited a dependence on temperature, with a Curie temperature (Tc) of 700 K. Electrical resistivity displayed a maximum at x = 50% and remained constant at high frequencies. The study also confirmed the presence of electric polarization induced by a magnetic field, with the highest magnetoelectric coefficient observed at x = 10%. These findings demonstrate the successful fabrication of dual‐phase multiferroic composites with tunable properties through controlled ferrite content. The observed magnetoelectric coupling suggests potential applications in multifunctional devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates groundwater contamination by arsenic and iron and its health implications within the Sylhet district in Bangladesh. Utilizing geographic information system (GIS) and inverse distance weighting (IDW) methods, hazard maps have been developed to evaluate contamination risk across various upazilas. The findings show significant arsenic and iron pollution, particularly in the northwestern part of the district. In about 50% of the area, especially in Jaintiapur, Zakiganj, Companiganj, and Kanaighat where arsenic levels surpass 0.05 mg/L which is the standard limit of Bangladesh. Iron levels peak at 13.83 mg/L, severely impacting 45% of the region, especially in Gowainghat, northeastern Jaintiapur, Zakigonj, and Golabganj. The study employs USEPA health risk assessment methods to calculate the hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) for both elements via oral and dermal exposure. Results indicate that children face greater noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks than adults, with oral HI showing significant risk in Balagonj and Bishwanath. Dermal adsorption pathways exhibit comparatively lower risks. Cancer risk assessments demonstrate high carcinogenic risks from oral arsenic intake in all areas. This comprehensive analysis highlights the urgent need for effective groundwater management and policy interventions in the Sylhet district to mitigate these health risks and ensure safe drinking water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid renewable energy sources (HRES) are increasingly being utilized to meet global energy demands, particularly in rural areas that rely on diesel generators and are disconnected from the utility grid, due to their environmental and human health benefits. This study investigates the performance of an off-grid, hybrid PV/diesel generator/battery system for a decentralized power plant in Kuakata, Bangladesh, meeting a load demand of 3000 kWh/day with a 501.61 kW peak load demand. HOMER Pro (hybrid optimization model for electric renewable) software (version 3.11) was used to simulate and optimize system operations utilizing real-time solar radiation and load profile data from that location. This study also includes a sensitivity analysis of the off-grid HRES system under different electrical load demands, project longevity, and derating variables. The results reveal that CO2 emissions have potentially decreased by more than 30% and over 10 tons per year, respectively, when compared to traditional power plants. The optimized system's net present cost (NPC) was determined to be around USD 5.19 million, with a cost of energy (COE) of USD 0.367 per kWh per unit with a 100% renewable component. Furthermore, the current study's findings are compared to previous research that has resulted in an economical hybrid renewable energy system with an affordable COE. The hybrid energy system under consideration might also be applicable to other parts of the world with comparable climate conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crossbreeding in dairy cattle with exotic breeds continues to be an appealing practice to the dairy farmers of Bangladesh. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the impact of crossbreeding on both the physical attributes and milk quality traits of crossbred cattle in Bangladesh. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of crossbreeding Bangladeshi local cattle with the exotic Holstein breed on their body characteristics and milk quality. To achieve the goal, data pertaining to body traits and milk samples were gathered from a total of 981 cows from 19 dairy farms located in the northwestern region of Bangladesh. A trained evaluator measured body condition score (BCS), udder score, locomotion score, and body conformation traits. Milk yield information was acquired from official records, while milk composition details were determined through milk analysis. Notably, crossbred cows (Holstein × Local cattle) exhibited greater values for wither height (141 vs. 135, cm), body length (157 vs. 153, cm), heart girth (211 vs. 204, cm), BCS (3.69 vs. 3.27), and udder score (3.29 vs. 2.08) than their Bangladeshi local counterparts. Furthermore, crossbred cows produced 42.4% and 35.3% more milk (10.89 vs. 7.65, kg/d) and fat-corrected milk (10.35 vs. 7.54, kg/d) than Bangladeshi local cattle. However, milk from crossbred cows displayed lower fat and protein content, although their somatic cell score (SCS) and energy-corrected milk remained similar. Additionally, milk from crossbred cows exhibited a longer coagulation time when compared to that of Bangladeshi local cattle. In conclusion, crossbred cows (Holstein × Local cattle) had improved body characteristics with greater milk yield than Bangladeshi local cattle; however, lower fat and protein contents in milk with longer coagulation time were noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Currently, spiritual health is the most important dimension related to adaptation in chronic diseases.The aim of the present study is review of the role of spiritual health in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Improvement of spiritual health leads to better adaptation, increasing psychological well-being, decreasing mood symptoms and improvement of life quality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, it is suggested that the treatment of diabetes must include spiritual care and interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The freshness of the egg is important for both hatching and human consumption. It is quite difficult to determine the freshness of the egg without damaging it with classical methods. Deep learning is a powerful method used to classify data without processing or with much less processing. In this study, 30 eggs were photographed as experimental material for 29 days and the images obtained were used as data. It is aimed to determine how many days old the eggs are, which are foldered according to the days of the photos obtained. As a result of the study, 91.78% valuation accuracy value was obtained. Obtaining inputs without preprocessing shows that the Deep learning method can be used when a fast decision is required and the machine needs to make its own decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the location and stability of the collinear Lagrangian points for the RTBP case in which one of the primary bodies radiates and the other is oblate. We consider the effect of Poynting–Roberson drag and investigate how the location and stability of the Lagrangian points change with changes in the radiation parameter β and oblateness a. We apply our results to ten exoplanet systems: CoRoT-2 b, TOI-1278 b, HAT-P-20 b, Kepler-75 b, WASP-89 b, TIC 172900988 b, NGTS 9 b, LP 714-47 b, WASP-162 b and XO-3 b, data of which has been taken from NASA exoplanet archives, to find locations in these exoplanet systems where one can detect asteroids, primordial material or seeds where planet formation can take place. We find that the location of the collinear Lagrangian points changes with variations in radiation pressure and oblateness. Further, for all the ten planetary systems studied in this paper, the Lagrangian points are unstable and can be locations where we expect to find minor planets, asteroids or debris. The unstability of the Lagrangian points can be a possible cause of relocation and migration of planetesimals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is an urgent need for mortality predictors for COVID-19 so that clinicians can diagnose severe cases and triage them as soon as possible. Many studies have suggested using hematologic markers to predict mortality and severity of COVID-19 disease. This study investigates the use of monocyte-to-high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) as a predictive marker for COVID-19 severity and mortality. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on 81 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients between 25 March 2020 to 26 June 2020. Patients were classified into two presentation categories: the non-severe group (n=37) and the severe group (n=44). Patients in the severe group were also divided into two subgroups: severe survivors (n=14) and severe non-survivors (n=30). In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, optimal cut-off values of the monocyte count, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and MHR were calculated for the differentiation of severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients, as well as survivors and non-survivors. Results: A total of 81 patients, 29 (35.8%) males and 52 (64.2) females, with a median age of 71 (IQR 63-81) years. Both HDL-C and MHR showed a reasonable ability to distinguish severe disease from non-severe disease, while MHR had a higher area under curve (AUC) than HDL-C (0.799, 95%CI 0.704-0.894, p<0.001 vs 0.734, 95% Cl 0.626-0.843, p<0.001). Only MHR could distinguish survivors from non-survivors with an ROC AUC of 0.735 (95%Cl 0.619-0.850). The optimal cut-off values of MHR for predicting severe disease were 0.0061 (sensitivity: 66% and specificity: 66%) and 0.0066 (sensitivity: 70% and specificity: 62%) for predicting mortality. The optimal cut-off value of MHR for predicting severe disease was 0.0061 (sensitivity: 66% and specificity: 66%), and it was 0.0066 for predicting mortality among patients with severe disease (sensitivity: 70% and specificity: 62%). Conclusion: Our results showed that MHR was observed to be able to distinguish severe COVID-19 patients from non-severe patients as well as survivors from non-survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation explores the efficiency of composite coatings, leveraging polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrices embedded with zinc sulfide (ZnS) and cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles, for their infrared (IR) radiation blocking potential. Such coatings are strategically synthesized via a sol-gel method, targeting applications that demand IR attenuation, including but not limited to, construction, architectural fenestrations, vehicular glazing, and thermal insulation domains. In these composites, meticulous integration of ZnS and CdS nanoparticles within the PVA framework was demonstrated to significantly bolster their IR reflective or absorptive properties, consequently curtailing heat transference. It has been observed that nanoparticle concentration and coating thickness serve as critical factors, directly correlating with the IR-blocking proficiency--enhanced concentrations and augmented thicknesses invariably yield superior performance metrics. The surface morphology, assessed through Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), revealed a positive correlation between nanoparticle concentration and surface roughness, paralleling an increase in particle size. This observation is corroborated by scanning electron microscopy, attesting to the uniform nanoparticle distribution. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis identified novel peaks at approximately 1280 and 1700 cm-1, indicative of a chemical interaction between ZnS nanoparticles and the PVA matrix, as evidenced by the presence of reactive functional groups on the ZnS nanoparticle surface. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) imparted insights into the thermal stability of the specimens, with CdS composites exhibiting a weight loss of 98.73%, in stark contrast to the 91.04% manifested by the ZnS counterparts. The disparity is attributed to the higher boiling point of CdS (1750?) vis-à-vis ZnS (1700?), underscoring the material's intrinsic thermal resilience. The findings from this research underscore the potential of PVA-ZnS and PVA-CdS coatings as viable candidates for IR-blocking applications, positing an innovative solution to thermal management challenges in various sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advancements in perovskite-based solar energy conversion technologies require materials having enhanced optoelectronic properties and stability. Harnessing density functional theory (DFT), we have investigated here a novel orthorhombic phase of a recently synthesized oxynitride perovskite, SrTaO2N, and its uniaxial strain-tunable electronic and optical properties. Phonon dispersion and formation energy calculations are utilized to determine lattice dynamic stability and exothermic formation feasibility of the structure, correspondingly. The predicted bandgap at the Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof [generalized gradient approximation Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (GGA-PBE)] level is ∼2.125 eV (∼1.125 eV), which is highly receptive to uniaxial strains. The bandgap formed in between X and G points with high symmetry at the first Brillouin zone was further dissected using the atomic orbital projected density of states (PDOS). The PDOS showed that the N-pz orbital dominantly contributes to valence band maxima and the Ta-dz2 orbital to conduction band minima. Compressive uniaxial strain widens the bandgap by ∼1.21 times, while tensile uniaxial strain lowers the bandgap by ∼1.1 times from the intrinsic value, suggesting strain switchable bandgap nature in the material. An elastic constant matrix also evaluates the mechanical stability of strained structures, and we found that in the strained structures from −6% to +6%, SrTaO2N is mechanically stable and ductile. Optical absorption reveals an increased absorption coefficient in the visible spectrum. These strain-tuned optoelectronic properties through the DFT approach thus suggest an evident route to a wide range of optoelectronics applications of the SrTaO2N perovskite material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we have calculated the structural, mechanical, elastic anisotropy, electronic, optical, and thermal properties of Ba3SbI3 perovskite using first-principles-based DFT calculations. We have computed the crystal structure and lattice parameters (a = 7.05 Å) which consisted with previous theoretical and experimental results. The Ba3SbI3 is stable as checked by the standards of mechanical stability criteria, ductile in nature, and elastically anisotropic. Semiconductor feature of Ba3SbI3 is ensured from the band structure, total density of states (TDOS) and partial density of states (PDOS) calculations as the difference of conduction band (CB) and valence band (VB) in the Fermi level. From the electron charge density mapping, it exhibits ionic bond nature. Furthermore, optical properties have investigated in details. The Debye temperature (123.776 K), thermal conductivity (0.247 Wm−1 K−1), and melting temperature (123.776 K) of the Ba3SbI3 compound were calculated and analyzed, which is potential candidates of thermal barrier coating (TBC) material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post-combustion carbon dioxide (CO 2) capture via flue gas is an advanced technology for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Its significance lies in the potential for retrofitting this technology to the current inventory of coal-fired power plants. This review paper aims to present the state of art in the technologies of adsorption techniques in post-combustion technologies to capture CO 2 from flue gas streams. These techniques have demonstrated numerous potential benefits when compared to conventional CO 2 capture methods that utilize aqueous amine solvents. Additionally, this overview presents the development in the field of novel solid sorbents for post-combustion CO 2 capture, focusing on their enhanced performance and favorable economic feasibility. The promising potential of mesoporous silica has been recognized to evaluate the enhanced capacity of CO 2 adsorption offered by these materials. Several research studies have reported different techniques of functionalizing porous silica by introducing amine groups. Various methods of functionalization for mesoporous silica, such as impregnation, grafting, and hybrid approaches, have been examined to improve the efficiency of the sorbents. Furthermore, this work summarises the research challenges with porous silica materials and indicates the possibilities for future studies to improve post-combustion carbon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world is in search of sustainable, clean energy sources. As one of these, Hydrogen is considered an efficient clean source for energy storage, carrier, and production. For hydrogen production, combining renewable sources provides eco-friendly (green) hydrogen production while also meeting other electrical needs. This study aims to investigate the power generation and hydrogen production feasibility through renewable resources (solar and wind energy) at a campus area in Elazig, Turkiye. The simulations and the optimization studies are carried out to identify the cost-effective configurations via the HOMER application. The optimal configurations are analyzed based on economical and technical parameters. The findings showed that wind, solar, and grid-based system is economically viable and the selected system meets the required electrical and hydrogen loads. The proposed system has the lowest cost of energy of 0.0232 $/kWh and a total net cost of 7,668,500 $. The total produced electricity is 2,156,664 kW h/year. [Display omitted] • The techno-economic study of electricity and hydrogen production through renewable resources at a campus area. • The optimal configurations are analyzed through the HOMER application. • The feasibility analysis to increase the dual energy (hydrogen and electricity) investments in the city and nationwide. • The comparative analysis of the system's technical and economic feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stationary hydrogen energy-based power plants generating electricity to supply high-powered plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) have recently become popular in renewable energy-based power plants. Besides, in a PEV charging station, various types of powered charge devices can be established such as DC fast chargers or 3.7 kW, 7.4 kW, 11 kW, and 22 kW AC chargers. This paper introduces a demand-side management-oriented optimal charging strategy that includes two stages for PEVs in a hydrogen energy-based microgrid. The paper focuses on two stages to execute an optimal charging of PEVs in compliance with their users' requests and satisfaction and considering the power system loading. It is assumed that there are three types of chargers in the PEV charging station and the users. In the first stage randomly created requests are classified by an ensemble learning classifier method that performs higher performance classification by combining the results from multiple classifiers in a machine learning classification. The second stage schedules the PEVs according to the classification results and users' requests. To test the proposed system, first random requests are created then they are sent to the classifier, and the results of classifiers are scheduled in each other. The demand-side management-oriented charge scheduling and managing strategy which includes the proposed two stages has been compared with non-managed cases. Case study results reveal that the proposed approach provides 52.1% peak load reduction and 72.3% valley filling improvement by the SOS algorithm. The results highlight the advantages of the proposed system in terms of peak reduction and valley filling. [Display omitted] • A new intelligent decision-maker method is proposed for DSM in a microgrid. • Proposed method is developed for a stationary hydrogen energy-based power plant. • The optimal DSM of EVs is investigated with a hybrid ML method. • RUSBoost and SOS Algorithms-based Hybrid Intelligent Decision Maker is developed. • It provides 52.1% peak load reduction and 72.3% valley filling improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern industry actively uses metal structural materials to create innovative devices and components. In order to prevent emergency situations in production, nondestructive testing methods are used to detect defects on the surface of the material being developed. Among the methods of nondestructive testing, one can highlight the method of luminescent magnetic flaw detection, which allows identifying defects on the surface and under the surface of the test sample with minimal effort. It is known that in some cases, the magnetic‐powder method cannot achieve the required sensitivity due to the shape and location of defects themselves or due to certain conditions of object operation. To increase the visibility and sensitivity, magnetic nano‐ and microparticles can be conjugated with the dyes. Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4, γ‐Fe2O3) can be used as such magnetic particles, since they are quite easy to obtain and have low toxicity, high chemical stability, and a wide variety of magnetic properties. To ensure fluorescence of magnetic particles, a wide variety of fluorescent dyes associated with such particles are used. The dyes can include morin, naphthalimide derivatives, as well as semiconductor quantum dots. This article provides a review of fluorescent composite micro‐ and nanoparticles based on xanthene dyes (rhodamine, fluorescein, and pyronine). Such dyes are economically available luminophores, have good binding to the surface of magnetic particles, and therefore can be suitable for luminescent magnetic flaw detection. This review article discusses methods for producing composite nano‐ and microparticles of iron oxides with xanthene dyes and provides prospects of using composite nano‐ and microparticles in nondestructive testing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current investigation focuses on developing multi-drug-loaded poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles clothed with leucocyte membrane. Firstly, Paclitaxel (PTX) and Cannabidiol (CBD) were encapsulated in PLGA vesicles which were further coated by a leucocytic membrane (LMc-PTX-CBD-NPs) for efficient targeting of the cancerous cells. Particle size of uncoated and coated nanoparticles was observed to be 149 and 171 nm with the zeta potential of −6 and −10.5 mv, respectively. Later, TEM analysis shows circular particle morphology along with uniform coating of membrane over prepared particles. The prepared formulation possesses prolonged release pattern as well as it shows no hemolytic toxicity. Cytotoxicity analysis in MCF-7 cells of LMc-PTX-CBD-NPs showed better potency than conventional formulation, thus more efficient in targeting cancerous cells. Additionally, greater inhibition of cell migration indicated an improved anti-metastatic effect. Additionally, higher proportion of nuclear fragmentation occurred due to which major changes in cell morphology were observed after treatment with LMc-PTX-CBD-NPs. Thus, prepared formulation could be an efficient approach for successful combination therapy with efficient targeting and reduced side effects to tackle breast cancer. [Display omitted] • We developed multi-drug-loaded PLGA nanoparticles clothed with leucocyte membrane. • Cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells of LMc-PTX-CBD-NPs showed better potency. • Our formulation can be a good option in cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the prevalence and correlates of psychopathology in gifted children (GC) and explored whether giftedness confers protection or risk for mental health problems. We used a comparative design to analyze a population-based sample of 100 GC and 100 controls matched by age and sex in Turkey. We assessed psychiatric diagnoses with the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA), a valid diagnostic tool for child and adolescent mental health, and measured resilience and temperament with standardized scales. GC and controls did not differ significantly in the frequency of psychiatric disorders. However, GC showed lower resilience and higher negative reactivity and activity than controls. Negative reactivity was a significant predictor of psychopathology in GC. Sex did not moderate the effects of giftedness on mental health outcomes, resilience, or temperament. Our findings suggest that GC may have increased vulnerability to stress and reduced coping skills. We highlight the need to identify and support GCs who experience mental health problems and face psychological challenges. Our results emphasize the importance of early intervention and prevention to enhance resilience and well-being in this population. Future research should investigate the underlying mechanisms and develop tailored strategies to support the mental health and well-being of GC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) faces anatomical challenges, currently limiting widespread adoption. To describe the natural history and prognosis of patients ineligible for various TMVR devices. During a 4-year period (2019–2023) 3 TMVR devices (SAPIEN M3, Intrepid and Alta Valve) became available at a single institution (The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH) in the setting of pivotal clinical trials or early feasibility study. Consenting patients who were deemed ineligible ≥1 of these trials were prospectively studied to capture anatomical reasons for ineligibility, cross-over to alternative mitral valve therapies (surgery or high-risk mitral transcatheter edge to edge repair [M-TEER]), and clinical events. A total of 61 patients (out of 71 consenting patients or 85.9 %) were deemed ineligible for TMVR during the study period. The mean age was 79.2 ± 8.8 years, 65.6 % were female, with elevated surgical risk (median STS 4.3, IQR: 2.7–7.3). The 2 most common anatomical reasons for ineligibility were increased risk of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) (n = 24, 39.3 %) and annular size (n = 29, 47.5 %). During follow-up (median 277 [162–555] days) there were 7 deaths (11.5 %) and 12 (19.7 %) hospitalizations for heart failure. Management strategies included high-risk M-TEER in 11 patients (1 death [9.0 %], 0 HF hospitalizations [0 %]), surgery in 9 patients (0 deaths, 1 HF hospitalizations [11.1 %]), and medical management in 41 patients (6 deaths [14.6 %], 11 HF hospitalizations [26.8 %]) (p = 0.715 for mortality and p = 0.093 for HF hospitalizations). Residual MR ≥ moderate was 0 %, 50 %, and 100 % for surgery, M-TEER and medical treatment, respectively (p < 0.001). One third of patients deemed ineligible for TMVR are candidates for high-risk M-TEER or surgery with acceptable morbidity and mortality. Our results have practical implications for patient management. • Depiction of the natural history of patients with mitral regurgitation who screened failed for transeptal TMVR technologies • 1/3 of patients ineligible for TMVR are candidates for high risk M-TEER or surgery with acceptable morbidity and mortality. • This study highlights anatomical challenges of existing TMVR devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Function of thyroid gland is regulated by the axis hypothalamic- pituitarythyroid through these hormones: Thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), tetraiodothyronine hormone (T4) and triiodothyronine hormone (T3). Thyroid disorders(hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism) are common around the world and are common diseases in Iraq. Thyroid disorders are states that initially affect on amount of hormones that produced by the thyroid, and affects on all physiological systems including central nervous system, cardiovascular system, blood, and others. Afamin (AFM) is an 87 Kilodalton (kDa) glycoprotein that shares 55% of the amino acid sequence of albumin and contains 15% of carbohydrates. Vimentin (VIM) is a protein among 70 types of intermediate filaments, including Vimentin, Keratin, Desmin and Lamin. Vimentin is a cytoskeleton is an intermediate filament protein that makes up the nucleus and muscle cells. Aimes of study: We aimed to evaluate levels of Afamin, Vimentin and number of biochemical variables (TRH,TSH,T3 and T4) with Body mass index (BMI) in females patients with thyroid disorders. Methods: The study groups include 30 women with hyperthyroidism, 30 women with hypothyroidism and a control group of 30 healthy women with ages between(18-45) years, From September 2023 until March 2024. Protein assays include Afamin, Vimentin levels and number of biochemical variables( TRH,TSH,T3 and T4) in females patients with thyroid disorders . Results: The results of current study showed a significant increase at (P≤ 0.05) in AFM (227.67 ± 32.31), VIM(40.00 ± 4.39) levels with TRH(225.04± 57.08), TSH (11.71 ± 2.77) and BMI (29.70 ± 2.86) in patients with hypothyroidism group compared to (hyperthyroidism and healthy) groups. Levels of T3 (0.76 ± 0.14) and T4 (3.33 ± 0.79) showed a significant decrease at (P≤0.05) in hypothyroidism group compared to hyperthyroidism and healthy groups, While TSH (0.25 ± 0.08) levels showed a significant decrease at (P≤ 0.05) in hyperthyroidism group compared to hypothyroidism group and healthy group. Concentrations of T4 (13.42 ± 1.36) with T3 (2.16 ± 0.42) showed a significant increase at (P≤ 0.05) in hyperthyroidism group compared to hypothyroidism and healthy groups. Conclusions: We conclude from results of current study that high levels of AFM and VIM are associated with high levels of TRH,TSH and BMI in hypothyroidism group . Serum levels of AFM and VIM may be a new biomarkers for detecting and monitoring thyroid disorders, and may be an important useful clinical tools for detecting and monitoring thyroid disturbances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a major public health issue worldwide. The biofortification of Zn in popular vegetables could be a promising way to address this burning issue. To enrich tomatoes with bioavailable Zinc through agronomic biofortification. Seven tomato varieties were examined to identify the best one for Zn biofortification based on fruit Zn concentrations. Then six levels of Zn viz., 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 kg ha−1 were applied to screen out the best Zn dose for maximum biofortification. Finally, the identified Zn dose was applied using six strategies viz., 100% seedling priming, 50% soil + 50% foliar spray at seedling stage, 50% seedling priming + 50% foliar spray, 100% foliar spray at seedling stage, 100% foliar spray at flowering stage and 100% foliar spray at the fruiting stage to recognize the best application strategy. These three experiments were executed following a completely randomized design with three replications. In screening, BARI Tomato-14 showed the lowest Zn concentration compared to all other varieties. The application of 5 kg Zn ha−1 showed the highest Zn concentration in tomato with better yield and quality. Finally, 5 kg Zn ha−1 as 50% soil application + 50% foliar spray showed the maximum biofortification of Zn in BARI Tomato-14 with the highest growth, yield and quality. Therefore, application of 5 kg Zn ha−1 as 50% soil and 50% foliar spray on BARI tomato-14 could be a potential option to mitigate Zn deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring novel frameworks for treating Alzheimer's disease is an ambitious objective. In this particular context, a range of asymmetric biscarbothioamide derivatives (3a–l) with varying substitutions have been meticulously designed and effectively synthesized. The newly synthesized compounds have all been definitively characterized using established spectroscopic techniques such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR, and elemental analysis. In vitro, all the derivatives (3a–l) were evaluated to assess their inhibitory potential against cholinesterase enzymes (acetylcholinesterase, AChE, and butyrylcholinesterase, BChE). The outcomes demonstrated that these derivatives were potent and exhibited selectivity in inhibiting AChE, except for compounds 3b and 3e, which specifically inhibited BChE, showcasing varying degrees of KI values. Significantly, compounds 3j (KIs of 11.91 ± 2.25 nM for AChE and 77.76 ± 8.02 nM for BChE) and 3h (KIs of 14.73 ± 2.30 nM for AChE and 59.54 ± 6.20 nM for BChE) emerged as the most potent dual inhibitors of AChE and BChE within the series, respectively, with KI constants even lower than those of the standard drug tacrine (KIs of 68.70 ± 5.39 nM for AChE and 111.60 ± 10.52 nM for BChE). Furthermore, their potential scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals was evaluated. To further validate the experimental findings, molecular docking studies were performed in silico to ascertain the binding modes of these compounds with the active pockets of AChE and BChE enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractAcrylamide (ACR) can have adverse environmental effects because of its multiple applications. Relevant scientific literatures of the existence of ACR residues in foods following processing steps have raised concern in the biochemistry, chemistry and safety of this vinyl substance. The interest has focused on the hepatotoxicity of ACR in animals and humans and on the ACR content mitigation and its detoxification. Borax (BX), as a naturally occurring antioxidant featured boron compound, was selected in this investigation to assess its possible neuro-protective potential against ACR-induced neurotoxicity. Nrf2 axis signaling pathways and detoxification response to oxidative stress after exposure to ACR in brains of rainbow trout, and the effect of BX application on reducing ACR-induced neurotoxicity were investigated. Rainbow trout were acutely exposed to ACR (12.5 mg/L) alone or simultaneously treated with BX (0.75 mg/L) during 96h. The exposed fish were sampled at 48th and 96th and oxidative stress response endpoints, 8-OHdG, Nrf2, TNF-α, caspase-3, in addition to IL-6 activities and the levels of AChE and BDNF in brain tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were evaluated. Samples showed decreases in the levels of ACR-mediated biomarkers used to assess neural toxicity (SOD, CAT, GPx, AChE, BDNF, GSH), increased levels of MDA, MPO, DNA damage and apoptosis. ACR disrupted the Nrf2 pathway, and induced neurotoxicity. Inhibited activities’ expressions under simultaneous administration experiments, revealed the protective effects of BX against ACR-induced toxicity damage. The obtained data allow the outline of early multi-parameter signaling pathways in rainbow trout [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Methods Findings Discussion Expanded hemodialysis (HDx) could provide clearance of larger middle‐molecule uremic toxins. We compared the effect of hemodialysis with medium cut‐off membranes and high‐flux (HFHD) membranes regarding changes in inflammation and vascular and left ventricular function.This was a single‐center, prospective, parallel‐group comparative study. Patients were divided into two groups (HDx: 25 patients and HFHD: 26 patients). All measurements were performed at baseline and 12 weeks. Serum c‐reactive protein, interkelukin‐18, pentraxin‐3, β‐2 microglobulin, and brain natriuretic peptide were measured. We used pulse wave velocity and augmentation index to assess arterial stiffness and echocardiography to evaluate left and right ventricular function.We enrolled 51 patients. Although serum c‐reactive protein, interkelukin‐18, pentraxin 3, and β‐2 microglobulin were significantly decreased in the HDx group (p = 0.02, p < 0.001, p = 0.002, and p = 0.02, respectively), there was no significant change in HFHD group at 12th week. Serum c‐reactive protein and interkelukin‐18were significantly lower in the HDx group compared to the HFHD group in the 12th week (p = 0.007 and p = 0.03, respectively). We observed a significant decrease in pulse wave velocity in the HDx group at the end of the study (p = 0.03). Although there was no significant change in pulse wave velocity in the HFHD group, pulse wave velocity was similar between the HDx and HFHD groups in the 12th week. We detected a significant decrease in the mean isovolumetric relaxation time in the HDx group (p = 0.006). However, there was no significant difference in isovolumetric relaxation time between the HDx and HFHD groups in the 12th week.HDx provides better clearance of middle molecular uremic toxins and inflammatory biomarkers, and it may be associated with better central hemodynamic parameters and diastolic functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Policy reforms implemented in Saudi Arabia in recent years aim to modernize the culture and infrastructure of healthcare delivery and are expected to integrate person‐ and patient‐centered care principles throughout the national healthcare system. However, in a complex multicultural environment where most nurses are international migrant workers, unique challenges emerge that frame the delivery of care. Better understanding is needed about what nurses perceive to be high‐quality, person‐centered care in Saudi Arabia and how they manage to enact it in practice. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 21 nurses working in two tertiary hospitals in Riyadh, the capital city. Participants included Saudi citizens (n = 9) and expatriates (n = 12) who were asked to describe their perceptions of quality nursing care and explain the obstacles that they encounter in providing such care. Nurses reported extensive efforts to achieve individualized, empathetic, developmentally appropriate care. Their descriptions of care aligned with principles of patient‐centeredness in care but were not separable from challenges at the patient, organizational, and regional levels, including staffing and supplies shortages, gaps in regional care coordination, inadequate language translation services, variability in cultural beliefs about healthcare communication, and overt discrimination against expatriate workers. Nurses reported creative strategies to achieve professional nursing values while navigating a dynamic landscape of constraints. The findings add to literature suggesting that person‐centeredness in care cannot be understood outside the social and organizational conditions that shape it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Depression is a prevalent psychiatric disorder that can arise at any age and is often present as a co-occurring illness in different illnesses. There is a high comorbidity rate between major depressive disorder and personality disorders (PDs). The current study aimed to investigate the significant impact of personality disorders on depression severity, functional impairment, and suicidal tendencies in individuals with depression. Methods: The researchers conducted a cross-sectional observational study involving 120 patients, with an age range from 18 to 56 years of both genders, recruited from Okasha's Institute of Psychiatry in Cairo, Egypt. Their major depressive disorder diagnosis was verified through the use of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I). Participants underwent evaluations using the SCID-II to evaluate personality disorders, the Hamilton Depression-Rating Scale (HAM-D) to assess the severity of depression, the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) to investigate suicidal ideation, and the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) to determine functional level. Results: Borderline personality disorder and narcissistic personality disorder were the predominant personality disorders in the sample, with prevalence rates of 55.8% and 40.8%, respectively. Sixty-six percent of the participants reported experiencing suicidal thoughts at some point in their lifetime, whereas only 17.5% had actually attempted suicide. Borderline personality disorder showed a strong correlation with more severe depression (P value 0.043), a decline in functioning (P value 0.001), the existence of suicidal thoughts (P value 0.001), and a past of suicide attempts (P value 0.038). Conclusions: Personality disorders are highly prevalent in patients with depression, borderline PD, and narcissistic PD were the most common PDs. Borderline PD showed a significant effect on depression severity. PDs, mainly borderline, avoidant, depressive, and narcissistic PDs contribute to more impairment of functioning of the MDD patients. There is a significant effect of the presence of co-morbid personality disorder on suicidal thoughts and suicidal attempts, mainly depressive and borderline PDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a hydrothermal approach was employed to graft chitosan (Chit)/algae (ALG) with salicylaldehyde (SA), resulting in the synthesis of a biocomposite named salicylaldehyde-based chitosan Schiff base/algae (Chit-SA/ALG). The main objective of this biocomposite was to effectively remove methyl violet (MV), an organic dye, from aqueous solutions. The adsorption performance of Chit-SA/ALG toward MV was investigated in detail, considering the effects of three factors: (A) Chit-SA/ALG dose (ranging from 0.02 to 0.1 g/100 mL), (B) pH (ranging from 4 to 10), and (C) time (ranging from 10 to 120 min). The Box–Behnken design (BBD) was utilized for experimental design and analysis. The experimental results exhibited a good fit with both the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Freundlich isotherm, suggesting their suitability for describing the MV adsorption process on Chit-SA/ALG. The maximum adsorption capacity of Chit-SA/ALG, as calculated by the Langmuir model, was found to be 115.6 mg/g. The remarkable adsorption of MV onto Chit-SA/ALG can be primarily attributed to the electrostatic forces between Chit-SA/ALG and MV as well as the involvement of various interactions such as n–π, π–π, and H-bond interactions. This research demonstrates that Chit-SA/ALG exhibits promising potential as a highly efficient adsorbent for the removal of organic dyes from water systems. The novelty of this work comes from introducing a new bio-organic based composite adsorbent of chitosan (Chit) biopolymer and algae (ALG) biomass. Moreover, the functionality and chemical stability of Chit–ALG composite was further developed by grafting process with salicylaldehyde (SA) using hydrothermal process. The incorporation of ALG biomass into polymeric matrix of Chit and grafting process with SA makes Chit a unique hybrid adsorbent toward cationic dye (methyl violet dye). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Regardless of COVID-19 vaccine introduction to all countries in the WHO EMR in 2020–2021, there was inequity in access to vaccine and vaccination coverage across the region. • As of 31 December 2023, COVID-19 vaccine availability, vaccination coverage, and vaccine acceptance were improved in the region. • COVID-19 could imperil the high-risk groups, including healthcare workers and elderly. Due to low-risk perception on COVID-19, however, we recommend changing an approach from time-bound and project type approach to sustainable and long-term approach of COVID-19 vaccine delivery by integrating COVID-19 vaccination into EPI and PHC as a way-forward. In 2020–2021, all countries of the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region [EMR] introduced COVID-19 vaccine with inequalities in coverage across countries. As for 2023, we reviewed subsequent progress in deployment, coverage, acceptance, and integration. As of 31 December 2023, coverage in EMR reached 51% for primary series and 19 % for the first booster, higher in high income countries (77 % and 44 %, respectively) than in upper middle-income countries (49 % and 20 %), Advance Market Commitment [AMC] non-Gavi eligible countries (47 % and 15 %) and AMC Gavi eligible countries (49 % and 16 %). Thirteen countries measured coverage among healthcare workers (76 % and 43 %, respectively) and 15 among elderly (69 % and 38 %, respectively). Three rounds of the regional Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices [KAP] survey on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in 2021–2022 indicated that acceptance increased from 20 % in June-July 2021 to 62 % in October-November 2021, and 77 % in June-July 2022. Those unvaccinated but intending to be vaccinated decreased from 60 % to 23 % and 11 %, respectively. Unvaccinated without intention to be vaccinated decreased from 15 % to 10 % and 11 %, respectively. Twenty out of 22 countries in the region had completely or partially integrated COVID-19 vaccination into the Expanded Programme on Immunization [EPI] and Primary Health Care [PHC]. Overall, challenges to reach high-risk groups persisted as the population was less concerned about Omicron variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Countries should build on the trust, momentum, and lesson-learned generated from COVID-19 vaccination to get the highest risk groups vaccinated and switch from a time bound and project type approach to a sustainable and long-term approach for COVID-19 vaccine delivery that would be integrated into the routine EPI and PHC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate quantification of hypersensitive response (HR) programmed cell death is imperative for understanding plant defense mechanisms and developing disease‐resistant crop varieties. Here, a phenotyping platform for rapid, continuous‐time, and quantitative assessment of HR is demonstrated: Parallel Automated Spectroscopy Tool for Electrolyte Leakage (PASTEL). Compared to traditional HR assays, PASTEL significantly improves temporal resolution and has high sensitivity, facilitating detection of microscopic levels of cell death. Validation is performed by transiently expressing the effector protein AVRblb2 in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana (expressing the corresponding resistance protein Rpi‐blb2) to reliably induce HR. Detection of cell death is achieved at microscopic intensities, where leaf tissue appears healthy to the naked eye one week after infiltration. PASTEL produces large amounts of frequency domain impedance data captured continuously. This data is used to develop supervised machine‐learning (ML) models for classification of HR. Input data (inclusive of the entire tested concentration range) is classified as HR‐positive or negative with 84.1% mean accuracy (F1 score = 0.75) at 1 h and with 87.8% mean accuracy (F1 score = 0.81) at 22 h. With PASTEL and the ML models produced in this work, it is possible to phenotype disease resistance in plants in hours instead of days to weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although low estrogen is considered to suppress uterine endometrial carcinoma, the most cases occur in the postmenopausal stage. After menopause, the production of androgen level also declines. Therefore, to resolve the above enigma, we hypothesize that the postmenopausal decline of androgen is a trigger of its progression. In the present study, to validate this hypothesis, we examine the pathological roles of androgen/AR by analyzing clinical data, culturing endometrioid cancer cell lines, and using murine models. Clinical data show that androgen receptor (AR) expression and serum dihydrotestosterone (DHT) are associated with lower disease-free survival (DFS). DHT suppresses malignant behaviors in AR-transfected human endometrial cancer cells (ECC). In ovariectomized Ptenff/PRcre/+ mice, DHT decreases the proliferation of spontaneously developed murine ECC. In AR-transfected human ECC and Ptenff/PRcre/+ mice, DHT suppresses FOXP4 expression. FOXP4-overexpressed human ECC increases, while FOXP4-knocked-down ECC shows decreased malignant behaviors. DHT/AR-mediated ECC suppression is restored by FOXP4 overexpression. The high FOXP4 expression is significantly correlated with low postoperative DFS. These findings indicate that the androgen/AR system suppresses the malignant activity of endometrial carcinoma and that downstream FOXP4 is another target molecule. These findings will also impact developments in clinical approaches to elderly health. This study indicates that the androgen/AR system suppresses the malignant activity of endometrioid carcinoma through the downregulation of FOXP4 which will impact new developments in clinical approaches to elderly health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]