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Cancer is the world's second-leading cause of death, and the involvement of microbes in a range of diseases, including cancer, is well established. The gut microbiota is known to play an important role in the host's health and physiology. The gut microbiota and its metabolites may activate immunological and cellular pathways that kill invading pathogens and initiate a cancer-fighting immune response. Cancer is a multiplex illness, characterized by the persistence of several genetic and physiological anomalies in malignant tissue, complicating disease therapy and control. Humans have coevolved with a complex bacterial, fungal, and viral microbiome over millions of years. Specific long-known epidemiological links between certain bacteria and cancer have recently been grasped at the molecular level. Similarly, advances in next-generation sequencing technology have enabled detailed research of microbiomes, such as the human gut microbiome, allowing for the finding of taxonomic and metabolomic linkages between the microbiome and cancer. These investigations have found causative pathways for both microorganisms within tumors and bacteria in various host habitats far from tumors using direct and immunological procedures. Anticancer diagnostic and therapeutic solutions could be developed using this review to tackle the threat of anti-cancer medication resistance as well through the wide-ranging involvement of the microbiota in regulating host metabolic and immunological homeostasis. We reviewed the significance of gut microbiota in cancer initiation as well as cancer prevention. We look at certain microorganisms that may play a role in the development of cancer. Several bacteria with probiotic qualities may be employed as bio-therapeutic agents to re-establish the microbial population and trigger a strong immune response to remove malignancies, and further study into this should be conducted. [Display omitted] • Microbiome plays a key role in human health and disease, and gut microbiome affects immunity both locally and systemically. • The gut microbiome has emerged as a new prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy. • Role in carcinogenesis for the treatment of microbiome in cancer. • Care needs to be given to protecting the microbiome, both by clinicians and patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]